A Computational Design Tool for Compliant Mechanisms

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  • Опубликовано: 10 дек 2024

Комментарии • 273

  • @thatawhatn.7656
    @thatawhatn.7656 3 года назад +1209

    from time to time I forgot that disney have their own terrifying advance R&D department

    • @BiggestBigBoy
      @BiggestBigBoy 2 года назад +153

      Animation and animatronics are kinda Disney's thing. Imagine what could be done if all this time, money, and talent were being used on something other than a tourist trap.

    • @ionrael
      @ionrael 2 года назад +62

      Five nights at disneys?

    • @Mezuzah87
      @Mezuzah87 2 года назад +85

      Don't kid yourself, "they" also don't come up with this stuff. Researchers at universities do, and companies buy the project and continue to hone it for their sole purposes.

    • @MrFEARFLASH
      @MrFEARFLASH 2 года назад +13

      Chebyshev was the first to develop such systems in the early 19th century!!!

    • @adayinthelife5496
      @adayinthelife5496 2 года назад +2

      Great math

  • @ToonMeynen
    @ToonMeynen 5 лет назад +605

    Jaw-dropping, luckily it moved back to it’s original position.

    • @Fruitysfaction
      @Fruitysfaction 2 года назад +11

      *its

    • @MrFEARFLASH
      @MrFEARFLASH 2 года назад +2

      Chebyshev was the first to develop such systems in the early 19th century.

    • @salahshayah9864
      @salahshayah9864 2 года назад +7

      Legendary comment 😂😂

    • @danielawesome36
      @danielawesome36 2 года назад +4

      Imagine having a jaw.
      This reply was made by the mollusc gang.

  • @luminas-d9w
    @luminas-d9w 2 года назад +90

    Your work is really impressive. This software will be useful, especially for those who have 3D printers.

  • @sunnymon1436
    @sunnymon1436 2 года назад +79

    Specialty plastics are always going to be needed for good compliant mechanisms. It's incredibly difficult to not doubt the durability claims. The other thing is, traditional mechanisms have more readily replaceable parts. Avoids having to tear down a whole model/animatronic to replace the mechanism is one flecture breaks.

    • @200wonmoreexpensivesalt9
      @200wonmoreexpensivesalt9 2 года назад +2

      Yes.

    • @urmom5835
      @urmom5835 2 года назад +15

      But,counterintuitively,compliant mechanism have been shown to be more durable than their contemporary counterparts. Besides, any decreased performance is made up in the time and cost of device construction

    • @meateaw
      @meateaw 2 года назад +12

      "It's incredibly difficult to not doubt the durability claims."
      Their technique specifically optimises to minimise the torque. It obviously cannot remove durability concerns, but it specifically optimises the design to reduce the damage, to increase durability.
      Not to mention compliance almost completely eliminates backlash that exist in "traditional" mechanisms.

    • @jonasdaverio9369
      @jonasdaverio9369 2 года назад +1

      They surely both have their pros and cons, but keep in mind it's also possible to build flexure mechanisms with off-the-shelf and replaceable parts like sprint sheets and wires, although with that method complex shapes as in the video are harder to build.

    • @johanness6545
      @johanness6545 2 года назад +3

      @@jonasdaverio9369 this is exactly not what a compliant mechanism is

  • @TheCabbageMan
    @TheCabbageMan 2 года назад +25

    This would be veeeeeeery useful for MEMS research, especially the FEM computational stuff, like microgrippers

    • @septa7559
      @septa7559 2 года назад +1

      Very true indeed, youforgot to mention the major aplications in STDS!!

  • @AerialWaviator
    @AerialWaviator 2 года назад +4

    Brilliant. This video really inspiring to creating innovative mechanisms.
    Given accessibility to 3d printers and other material manufacturing techniques it is much easier to explore such designs. Too bad there are not easily accessible design tools that make such explorations available to a larger audience. (maybe there is, and I'm just not aware).
    Pointers in the video description to additional resources, or references would have been helpful.
    Thanks for sharing and enlightening us.

  • @aSpyIntheHaus
    @aSpyIntheHaus 2 года назад +35

    In the first mechanism you demonstrate(not the walking one),How do you ensure that the output profile is maintained if there is any load applied to output arms end point. An example would be if, the output arm was attached to a pen that draws the profile on paper. If the pen dragged heavy on the paper would the profile change? It looks as though there is an additional degree of freedom added to the output arm from the added flexure....
    Now you've completely piqued my interest I'm going to have to build one of these out of lego...

  • @naturalfreq
    @naturalfreq 2 года назад +40

    Is there a paper that goes with this video. Very interesting and impressive.

    • @amyshaw893
      @amyshaw893 2 года назад +7

      yes, you can find it if you search google scholar for the title of the video. if i post a link, youtube will probably delete this comment

    • @AnimatorJuusoz
      @AnimatorJuusoz 2 года назад

      Here you go:
      s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/disneyresearch/wp-content/uploads/20170711145348/A-Computational-Design-Tool-for-Compliant-Mechanisms-Paper1.pdf

  • @MCRuCr
    @MCRuCr 2 года назад +4

    I did not know disney does these kinds of things.
    Its like transforming engineering to an art

    • @lvbboi9
      @lvbboi9 2 года назад +1

      Check out Theo Jansen on YT. He's an artist/engineer. That first leg design is straight up one of his.
      He said it himself "The lines inbetween art and engineering exist only in our minds", or something like that lol.

    • @forton615
      @forton615 2 года назад

      @@lvbboi9 They call it the Jansen leg in the video. I'm sure they wouldn't present it as their own invention.

  • @WD1271
    @WD1271 2 года назад +1

    i'm impressed, this is simple but very clever

  • @JesterJones
    @JesterJones 2 года назад +12

    curious how this handles itself after a large amount of use, I feel like things that flex tend to break down and warp easier.

    • @richardpowell1425
      @richardpowell1425 Год назад

      Better than things with say minges that slide over pins or bushings. The sliding parts wear against each other and the shape changes slightly with use.

    • @freshrockpapa-e7799
      @freshrockpapa-e7799 Год назад

      Only if they reach plastic deformation, if they're properly designed they won't break down.

  • @ramonhamm3885
    @ramonhamm3885 2 года назад

    I love the eyeball at 3:29.

  • @my-days-co
    @my-days-co Год назад

    That’s insane… that can be widely applied in many industries with strong advance in the future

  • @DaddyDumptruckDeluxe
    @DaddyDumptruckDeluxe 2 года назад

    This is my favorite Disney Production.

  • @arcadealchemist
    @arcadealchemist 2 года назад

    your whole body is created from fiber strands that work like this. Crazy

  • @kr4dh4x0r
    @kr4dh4x0r 2 года назад +1

    This is really rad.

  • @koala5717
    @koala5717 3 года назад +60

    This man speaks in MLA format

  • @Lellba47
    @Lellba47 3 года назад +76

    Hi, is this software open source? can I find the code anywhere? This is amazing!

    • @mauriciobailey4725
      @mauriciobailey4725 2 года назад +3

      I was thinking the same thing.

    • @TomSepe
      @TomSepe 2 года назад +95

      ain't no way Disney is going to open source this! They might publish a research paper showing the results, but they are more likely to patent it than to release it. They are in the business of making animatronics for all of their theme parks after all!

    • @mcrib5794
      @mcrib5794 2 года назад

      @@TomSepe wrong.
      ruclips.net/video/IUe3mGkngs4/видео.html

    • @BiggestBigBoy
      @BiggestBigBoy 2 года назад +64

      Open sourced Disney, I can hear Walt laughing from his grave.

    • @mauriciobailey4725
      @mauriciobailey4725 2 года назад +16

      This has the potential to change so many industries, from medical to even aeronautics. It'll be real selfish of Disney not to share this software. At the very least offer a payed version

  • @Texsoroban
    @Texsoroban 2 года назад

    All in all a pretty cook design tool.

  • @mgames1710
    @mgames1710 2 года назад +1

    Why did I think the thumbnail was a bunch of airpods tied to a string 😭😭

  • @tenix6698
    @tenix6698 2 года назад

    Absolutly stunning!

  • @laurenpinschannels
    @laurenpinschannels 2 года назад +3

    search RUclips for compliant mechanisms for much more on this topic!

  • @victorhugoleme6772
    @victorhugoleme6772 2 года назад +14

    I hurts me a lot, seeing the dragon wing running backwards.
    Despite this, awesome work!

  • @lIlIIlIllIIIllIIllIlIllIllI
    @lIlIIlIllIIIllIIllIlIllIllI 2 года назад +1

    i am very glad that the samples in this video have their copyrights reserved by Hewlett-Packard© and the entire video has the rights reserved by the HP Development Company, L.P.©

  • @a-aron2276
    @a-aron2276 Год назад

    It's kinda wild how humanity went this long before exploring the engineering potential of using the tensile strength of materials in this way. I know flexures have been around a good while but it's really only since jwst was in development that it's getting real attention.

  • @prdoyle
    @prdoyle 2 года назад +3

    2:30 - aren't those motors rotating backward?

  • @brendan5260
    @brendan5260 2 года назад +116

    It’s always nice to see developments I’ve never seen before. This has interesting applications. Too bad you had to develop this under the awful thumb of Disney.

    • @Soken50
      @Soken50 2 года назад +7

      Oh no, how awful Disney funds research into compliant designs which could be used in the design of safe animatronics, how evil of them ( ~ ._.)~

    • @Fry09294
      @Fry09294 2 года назад

      @@Soken50 once you're shackled to the mouse you're in for life.

    • @Soken50
      @Soken50 2 года назад +1

      @@Fry09294 it's just research, even if they patent it anyone can use it in 20 years, relax bud.

    • @Fry09294
      @Fry09294 2 года назад

      @@Soken50 I am relaxed.

    • @Retinetin
      @Retinetin 2 года назад

      Compliant mechanisms is a very recent advancement in the mechanical industry. They've been around for a few years now. Nobody has a patent on them because it's a method, not an invention.

  • @tuskiomisham
    @tuskiomisham 2 года назад +5

    ok, but how do you account for significant dynamic loads in the directions of motion?

  • @adammichna5175
    @adammichna5175 2 года назад +2

    That is very impressive, but what are the use cases for these compliant joints where they surpass rigid joints in functionality?
    So far it just seems like classical kinematics with extra steps and additional calculations.

    • @johanness6545
      @johanness6545 2 года назад +1

      This is very useful for precise positioning. It avoids almost any kind of backlash and convert motion in a huge ratio

  • @josephrinehart2934
    @josephrinehart2934 2 года назад +1

    Beautiful! Thank you for sharing.

  • @hoodio
    @hoodio 2 года назад +15

    how is the ratio of motion between one axis compared to a secondary axis computed? doesn't this also largely influence the overall design?

  • @brendanfennell9592
    @brendanfennell9592 2 года назад

    I shared this with Dr. Midha, I'm sure he will think it is very interesting!

  • @LillyCox777
    @LillyCox777 2 года назад +5

    I got this recommended to me and I’m so fascinated by something do not understand even remotely

    • @pedropimenta896
      @pedropimenta896 2 года назад +2

      With this technology, you save in materials. By saving materials it becomes lighter, and also cheaper.

    • @MRboss11
      @MRboss11 2 года назад

      Same lol

    • @slaveNo-4028
      @slaveNo-4028 2 года назад +3

      I feel like they put a lot of empty-speak in there, complicated sentences + too many fancy words, when in actuality what is being said is quite simple.
      I may be wrong, but here's my try at an example translation:
      Original: _"Our method takes as input a conventional mechanism and replaces rigidly articulated joints with flexures. Thin blades of elastic material whose shapes are automatically computed in order to optimize the performance of the compliant mechanism, there are several design objectives that need to be taken into account."_
      My version: _We turn a conventional mechanism and replace rigid joints with flexible ones. These joints are made of thin, elastic blades, and the shapes are created by a computer. Several aspects need to be taken into account._
      Original: _"Furthermore, when using 3d printing, residual support material increases friction in the joints. As shown in this example, these drawbacks can amplify in unfortunate ways leading to unforeseen deformations in the structure and even failure. We show the ability of our method to scale to miniature designs found for example in small-scale animatronics. By explicitly modeling compliance we can predict and leverage the deformation of the structure and maintain proper functioning with good precision."_
      My version: _When 3d printing, ressidual filament can make the joints harder to move. As you can see here, this can lead to unpredictable deformations and even failure. This design can also be used in a very small scale, for example in animatronics. Our compliant design is very precise and predictable._

    • @Rctdcttecededtef
      @Rctdcttecededtef 2 года назад

      @@slaveNo-4028 it was really nice of you to write this

  • @mcgeeee
    @mcgeeee 2 года назад +23

    Can this also be adapted to measure the inverse reactive current in unilateral phase detractors? It would be a great application for a (inrush current) panel meter imho.

    • @DOCTOROCTAGONAPUSS
      @DOCTOROCTAGONAPUSS 2 года назад +6

      I don't think there is a single linear spurving bearing on the market that can handle those stresses yet.
      Let alone one with underlayed wafer vertices to increase lifespan.

    • @aSpyIntheHaus
      @aSpyIntheHaus 2 года назад +4

      Won't someone think of the panametric fan! The modial interactions can't be understated here

    • @AndrewDasilvaPLT
      @AndrewDasilvaPLT 2 года назад

      @@DOCTOROCTAGONAPUSS Love your username.

    • @DOCTOROCTAGONAPUSS
      @DOCTOROCTAGONAPUSS 2 года назад

      @@AndrewDasilvaPLT Lol thanks.

  • @chaosxepsilon6833
    @chaosxepsilon6833 3 года назад +3

    I think the example with the wings is reversed and it flies backwards? Cause it pushes air forward unless it flies with its head pointed to the ground

    • @BiggestBigBoy
      @BiggestBigBoy 2 года назад +2

      Like their breath weapon, dragon flight is magic based.

    • @BHBalast
      @BHBalast 2 года назад +2

      Probably someone just connected motors the other way to the power supply

  • @thesalmonisdead
    @thesalmonisdead 2 года назад +2

    Hi Bernhard this is amazing could I beta try it for a physical project im working on?

  • @anasqai
    @anasqai 2 года назад

    1min 33s if behind it add like door stucker, then making it able to move forward by wheel maybe nice robot? As legs. Wheel leg robot. Maybe it will be silent but fast?

    • @anasqai
      @anasqai 2 года назад

      This was said b4 i think in the past. Someone wanted to commit suicide decide to harass area of interest(robots) maybe. Since the move is silent, maybe if 1 is wheel to move forward fast then maybe need to be slower to crawl like that.

  • @fireworm91
    @fireworm91 2 года назад

    Very nice... very very nice

  • @yeomenim
    @yeomenim 3 года назад +4

    does anyone else really want a gauntlet extendo hand now?

  • @rainchai851
    @rainchai851 5 лет назад +64

    wait what disney?

    • @Steve-sf8fv
      @Steve-sf8fv 2 года назад

      They gotta start taking over the world sometime

    • @steamlink4803
      @steamlink4803 2 года назад +9

      yeah, they're quite big into robotics. With stuntrobots etc.

    • @Orionpacc500
      @Orionpacc500 4 месяца назад

      Yeah they’re a multibillion dollar robotics and entertainment company, could also be a drug company jk

  • @traviscarter317
    @traviscarter317 9 месяцев назад

    How do we get this software? It's awesome!

  • @Jandodev
    @Jandodev Год назад

    Still always love Disney research :)

  • @nalalan
    @nalalan 11 месяцев назад

    What software is used to simulate the compliant mechanisms?

  • @CharlieToof
    @CharlieToof 2 года назад

    Thank you Theo Jansen!

  • @mihailazar2487
    @mihailazar2487 5 лет назад +8

    How small can you make a 2 axis gimbal ?

    • @riquardi
      @riquardi 2 года назад +5

      down to micrometers.

    • @BiggestBigBoy
      @BiggestBigBoy 2 года назад +6

      It's probably a good bet that some chemist is working on a molecular gimbal right now.

  • @ventuh
    @ventuh 5 лет назад +11

    How is the software called and where can I download it?

    • @ashutoshpanpalia8392
      @ashutoshpanpalia8392 4 года назад +2

      If you find let me know!!

    • @UnrelatedAntonym
      @UnrelatedAntonym 2 года назад

      Dunno the name (ACM?), or if the software is available anywhere, but here's a page with the research paper about it.
      la.disneyresearch.com/publication/a-computational-design-tool-for-compliant-mechanisms/
      I really want it too, hopefully it will be available online.

    • @TomSepe
      @TomSepe 2 года назад +5

      You won't find it. Its Disney, after all. It'll be proprietary. sorry :(

    • @mcrib5794
      @mcrib5794 2 года назад +1

      @@TomSepe wrong.
      ruclips.net/video/IUe3mGkngs4/видео.html
      you can't download it though, but you can use it

  • @dariofuentes1544
    @dariofuentes1544 5 лет назад +11

    I'd like to know what the software is called too please!

    • @UnrelatedAntonym
      @UnrelatedAntonym 2 года назад

      Dunno the name (ACM?), or if the software is available anywhere, but here's a page with the research paper about it.
      la.disneyresearch.com/publication/a-computational-design-tool-for-compliant-mechanisms/

    • @BiggestBigBoy
      @BiggestBigBoy 2 года назад +1

      "Proprietary Disney Software Now Sign This NDA"

  • @ivanliu1909
    @ivanliu1909 2 года назад +1

    Do these type of designs suffer from fatigue failure? It seem like this could potentially fail under high frequency cycles testing.

    • @audi4444player
      @audi4444player 2 года назад +6

      In general the idea is that these mechanisms are actually more robust as the movement of any given point is far less than a typical mechanism and instead it spreads out the movement by flexing over the greater length. but I agree that in these examples, a lot of sections seem to be flexing too much, to the point where it looks like it would fail easily, also there is the added downside that it cannot be repaired, only replaced, which is fine for something like a space object or a industrial application where replacement would be done anyway so the added time between that is preferable. in the case of something like a car I'd rather replace a small part frequently than need to completely replace the entire steering mechanism when it catastrophically fails at some point haha

    • @brendanfennell9592
      @brendanfennell9592 2 года назад

      @@audi4444player well said. design for small max stresses in the deflecting members so you remain under the fatigue life of the material.

    • @wyattb3138
      @wyattb3138 2 года назад

      Well as long as the stress in the material maintains to be in the elastic region.

  • @adayinthelife5496
    @adayinthelife5496 2 года назад +2

    Looks like the travelling salesman problem. Would like to see more math presented. Nice work.

  • @Alex-mf4po
    @Alex-mf4po 2 года назад +1

    What about the fatigue life of the material??

    • @ancellery6430
      @ancellery6430 2 года назад

      Its the reason why this will never be largely used.

  • @vinaSOAD
    @vinaSOAD 2 года назад +3

    Could you use the same concept but making the movement of the dragon wings by a sliding shaft that runs through a groove on a plate?

  • @MiTheMer
    @MiTheMer 2 года назад

    Definitely cool!

  • @Analog_isnt_dead
    @Analog_isnt_dead 2 года назад

    This is so so awesome

  • @TheVergile
    @TheVergile 2 года назад +3

    man, disney got their hands in everything ^^

  • @chaozhuang488
    @chaozhuang488 3 года назад +1

    Problems for Disney is answered at the 3:55 of this video: ruclips.net/video/ZU6rN8Vm_pI/видео.html

  • @I_Rasool
    @I_Rasool 2 года назад

    Where can I try this tool?

  • @thx550933
    @thx550933 2 года назад

    i would like to know if there is a open source software from this or an kind if software to this.

  • @JulianMakes
    @JulianMakes 2 года назад

    Beautiful work!

  • @KoScosss
    @KoScosss 2 года назад

    Awesome

  • @nejcfritsch
    @nejcfritsch 2 года назад

    this some science buushie mann give me cartoon or some shi

  • @Gunbudder
    @Gunbudder 2 года назад

    is anyone even use fixtures for movie production anymore? seems pretty rare. flextures will probably see the most use in manufacturing or maybe the medical industry

  • @Heliomation
    @Heliomation 2 года назад

    noice so well explained ^w^

  • @algotrash
    @algotrash 2 года назад

    Cleverness is so damn sexy to my brain.

  • @ironman5034
    @ironman5034 Год назад

    Where is this tool?

  • @johnjay7822
    @johnjay7822 2 дня назад

    This isn't Disney's work. Some guy created a beach walking windpowered mechanism larger than a tractor trailer and developed it over 20 years. The formula Disney is touting right now is the evolution of the "leg" of the mechanism.

  • @landonlouthian5884
    @landonlouthian5884 2 года назад

    Cycle life?

  • @GabrielSchlaefer
    @GabrielSchlaefer 2 года назад

    So that’s how Nobodies walk!

  • @onno-paulfrodobijlmer9445
    @onno-paulfrodobijlmer9445 2 года назад +1

    I wonder if Fourieranalysis could help working out the 2d path more precise.

  • @yem.t.3930
    @yem.t.3930 3 года назад

    I just saw another guy presenting this contents, in person

  • @simoncole4
    @simoncole4 2 года назад

    this on disney channel?

  • @user-eu2yf6ij2t
    @user-eu2yf6ij2t 2 года назад

    why does it say copyright disney?

  • @PecPur
    @PecPur 3 года назад +2

    Name of software?

    • @UnrelatedAntonym
      @UnrelatedAntonym 2 года назад

      Dunno the name, or if the software is available anywhere, but here's a page with the research paper about it.
      la.disneyresearch.com/publication/a-computational-design-tool-for-compliant-mechanisms/

  • @positron5687
    @positron5687 2 года назад

    Where is the software avaiable?

  • @GangiGangan
    @GangiGangan 3 года назад +1

    Why Disney?! ... Wait! -- it's the Dragon!
    Smallscale Animatronics

  • @joeyramirez7781
    @joeyramirez7781 2 года назад

    motion of the ocean

  • @ragoonsgg589
    @ragoonsgg589 2 года назад

    Ah yes. The hoo hah lassos the whomp womp uncle

  • @PS-nf3xw
    @PS-nf3xw 4 года назад +2

    Disney copyright???

  • @JacobthePoshPotato
    @JacobthePoshPotato 2 года назад

    Was this stolen from BYU?

  • @ThePeanuts1000
    @ThePeanuts1000 2 года назад

    Damn that's interesting, sucks hard that it's Disney tho.

  • @typebin
    @typebin 2 года назад

    I know some application for this

  • @ofcourseofcoursebutmaybe
    @ofcourseofcoursebutmaybe 2 года назад

    dope

  • @eccomi21
    @eccomi21 2 года назад

    whats the point of this though? where would this be used?

  • @SirFloIII
    @SirFloIII 2 года назад

    I want the flexure hand, give me one please ^^

  • @Chuen12Ahau
    @Chuen12Ahau 2 года назад +1

    Механика Чебышева А.П.

  • @chromosome24
    @chromosome24 2 года назад

    Disney buying Boston Dynamics; Thoughts?

  • @4D_Bug
    @4D_Bug 2 года назад

    Woah

  • @ConanDuke
    @ConanDuke Год назад

    It's all fun and games 'till your flexures wear out and break.

  • @gustarrezende
    @gustarrezende 2 года назад

    👏👏👏

  • @richardespinoza2839
    @richardespinoza2839 2 года назад

    Copyright Disney?

  • @AtlasReburdened
    @AtlasReburdened 2 года назад

    You were so busy asking yourself if you could that you forgot to stop and ask yourself if you should, and now just look at what you've done...
    Backward flying dragons..
    I mean have you ever even _heard_ of such a thing?..
    ...
    Just when you think you can relax and take a breath with your hinge and bearing collection and your completely normal flying dragons, and there goes the neighborhood.

  • @_tophat
    @_tophat 2 года назад

    2:16

  • @ElAnvaBar
    @ElAnvaBar 2 года назад

    What's with the Disney watermark?

  • @sapphic_sophie
    @sapphic_sophie 2 года назад

    What does Disney use this technology for? Animatronics?

  • @apocalypticbean
    @apocalypticbean 2 года назад

    Wtf. We are in da future!

  • @EcchiRevenge
    @EcchiRevenge 2 года назад

    3:53 I see wh40k

  • @anoirbentanfous
    @anoirbentanfous 2 года назад

    Why Disney never share anything with us, never release any software?

  • @manuelramospaton8000
    @manuelramospaton8000 2 года назад

    Why does disney own this

  • @AeroJules
    @AeroJules 4 года назад +3

    Why is disney involved in this ?????

    • @vedant6633
      @vedant6633 4 года назад +3

      Disney is a visionary company, they know what to invest in

    • @nickmitchko
      @nickmitchko 4 года назад +7

      They use animatrontics on their parks. They also have a grant program for scientific and engineering innovations.

    • @DanielK-vp9cb
      @DanielK-vp9cb 4 года назад

      Iulian Marinescu disney imagineering

  • @noahsmith7354
    @noahsmith7354 2 года назад

    Why disney though?

  • @makewithmegma
    @makewithmegma 2 года назад

    🔥💕👍