Using Lasers to Create Super-hydrophobic Materials
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- Опубликовано: 19 янв 2015
- Scientists at the University of Rochester have used lasers to transform metals into extremely water repellent, or super-hydrophobic, materials without the need for temporary coatings.
Super-hydrophobic materials are desirable for a number of applications such as rust prevention, anti-icing, or even in sanitation uses. However, as Rochester’s Chunlei Guo explains, most current hydrophobic materials rely on chemical coatings.
In a paper (scitation.aip.org/content/aip/...) published today in Journal of Applied Physics, Guo and his colleague at the University’s Institute of Optics, Anatoliy Vorobyev, describe a powerful and precise laser-patterning technique that creates an intricate pattern of micro- and nanoscale structures to give the metals their new properties. This work builds on earlier research by the team in which they used a similar laser-patterning technique that turned metals black (www.rochester.edu/news/show.ph.... Guo states that using this technique they can create multifunctional surfaces that are not only super-hydrophobic but also highly-absorbent optically.
Guo adds that one of the big advantages of his team’s process is that “the structures created by our laser on the metals are intrinsically part of the material surface.” That means they won’t rub off. And it is these patterns that make the metals repel water.
“The material is so strongly water-repellent, the water actually gets bounced off. Then it lands on the surface again, gets bounced off again, and then it will just roll off from the surface,” said Guo, professor of optics at the University of Rochester. That whole process takes less than a second.
The materials Guo has created are much more slippery than Teflon-a common hydrophobic material that often coats nonstick frying pans. Unlike Guo’s laser-treated metals, the Teflon kitchen tools are not super-hydrophobic. The difference is that to make water to roll-off a Teflon coated material, you need to tilt the surface to nearly a 70-degree angle before the water begins to slide off. You can make water roll off Guo’s metals by tilting them less than five degrees.
As the water bounces off the super-hydrophobic surfaces, it also collects dust particles and takes them along for the ride. To test this self-cleaning property, Guo and his team took ordinary dust from a vacuum cleaner and dumped it onto the treated surface. Roughly half of the dust particles were removed with just three drops of water. It took only a dozen drops to leave the surface spotless. Better yet, it remains completely dry.
Guo is excited by potential applications of super-hydrophobic materials in developing countries. It is this potential that has piqued the interest of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, which has supported the work.
“In these regions, collecting rain water is vital and using super-hydrophobic materials could increase the efficiency without the need to use large funnels with high-pitched angles to prevent water from sticking to the surface,” says Guo. “A second application could be creating latrines that are cleaner and healthier to use.”
Latrines are a challenge to keep clean in places with little water. By incorporating super-hydrophobic materials, a latrine could remain clean without the need for water flushing.
But challenges still remain to be addressed before these applications can become a reality, Guo states. It currently takes an hour to pattern a 1 inch by 1 inch metal sample, and scaling up this process would be necessary before it can be deployed in developing countries. The researchers are also looking into ways of applying the technique to other, non-metal materials.
Guo and Vorobyev use extremely powerful, but ultra-short, laser pulses to change the surface of the metals. A femtosecond laser pulse lasts on the order of a quadrillionth of a second but reaches a peak power equivalent to that of the entire power grid of North America during its short burst.
Guo is keen to stress that this same technique can give rise to multifunctional metals. Metals are naturally excellent reflectors of light. That’s why they appear to have a shiny luster. Turning them black can therefore make them very efficient at absorbing light. The combination of light-absorbing properties with making metals water repellent could lead to more efficient solar absorbers - solar absorbers that don’t rust and do not need much cleaning.
Guo’s team had previously blasted materials with the lasers and turned them hydrophilic, meaning they attract water. In fact, the materials were so hydrophilic that putting them in contact with a drop of water made water run “uphill” (www.rochester.edu/news/show.ph....
This is perfect for making a prank soup spoon.
Genius lol.. forget all the other uses this has.. yours is the best haha
Rjgtetitet
That’s the most evil thing I can imagine.
i doubt that will work because you dont pour the soup onto the spoon so the soup wont bounce, and the spoon is bowl-shaped so the soup wont escape
@@rkko_ still not enough drag so any movement will spill the liquid
I couldn't help but think this may greatly improve boat/ship hull efficiency (reduction of friction) as it moved through the water. I wonder how durable it would be in a salt water environment? Ships/boats use a lot of fuel!
my mind tells me because it's hydrophobic it means that ship will sink instantly lol
It would be extremely costly, especially since it would lose its hydrophobic properties very quickly due to wear and tear. However, I think they do already use some chemically hydrophobic coatings for ships or at least they're considering it because experiments show that it does reduce drag.
I played with some nanopatterned materials with similar properties at university but they were very sensitive. The durability of the material in the video would interest me too.
@@GewelReal That's... not how buoyancy works
NOPE the micro structures will increase the rate of fouling from sea life!
The explanation is right here:
"In this study, we use an amplified Ti:sapphire laser system that generates 65-fs pulses with a central wavelength of 800 nm and at a maximum pulse repetition rate of 1 kHZ. The laser beam is focused onto the sample surface by a lens onto a sample mounted on a computerized XY-translation stage. The samples in our study are platinum, titanium, and brass. Each sample is textured with an array of parallel microgrooves covered by extensive nanostructures. The platinum sample is processed at laser fluence of 9.8 J/cm 2. The titanium sample is processed at laser fluence of 7.6 J/cm 2. Brass is processed at laser fluence of 3.9 J/cm 2. The orientation of microgrooves is controlled by the scan direction. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a 3D laser scanning microscope are used to examine the surface structures. Superhydrophobic properties are studied by measuring both water contact angle and the surface tilt angle for water sliding. The self-cleaning properties are studied with real-life dust particles collected from a vacuum cleaner. For cleaning, we use rolling and falling water drops. The rolling drops with nearly zero kinetic energy are produced by pipetting water drops near the sample surface, while the falling drops are produced by pipetting drops at a height of 3-8 cm above the sample surface. The diameter of the pipetted water drops is in the range of 2-5 mm. The self-cleaning action is recorded with a video camera. To characterize the optical properties, we measure the total hemispherical optical reflection of the samples using a Perkin-Elmer Lambda 900 spectrophotometer and Bruker IFS 66/S FTIR spectrometer, each equipped with an integrating sphere. The two spectrometers allow us to measure the spectral reflectance in the wavelength range of 0.25-2.5 μm and 2.5-16 μm, respectively."
It was in a link in the description. ^^
Can you make a CorningWare ceramic surface to be hydrophobic? If you can, you can start a revolution in our cookwares.
@@zooplanton if you can laser etch the surface without chipping the ceramic you can.
@@zooplanton titanium pans
Wouldn't minor scratches on the surface make the effect fail, since it is etched directly onto the surface itself?
Yes they would. This technique is more effective on materials with higher resistances to scratching. Of course this raises production costs, but you'd get a more durable surface that retains it's hydrophobia.
Grand Duke Seems like it would be good for surfaces that don't usually have exposure to open environments that could cause the scratching but might fall victim to condensation and other similar issues such as internal parts that can't be completely sealed off.
Or just apply it to parts which are not mechanically requested.
My gut tells me even a little bit of dust could seriously reduce the efficacy. That's true of chemical coatings too though.
That's why we don't see anything 7 years later :) it's cool research tho
I would love to see this application incorporated into the aircraft industry. Keep up the interesting and amazing studies.
there is a recent TED talk by Prof. Guo on this superhydrophobic surface. the title of the talk is "Metal 2.0" and it is on youtube.
Thanks!
Metal 2.0 | Chunlei Guo | TEDxIndianapolis ruclips.net/video/nQxkU0nkMa0/видео.htmlm18s etched superblack surface
ruclips.net/video/nQxkU0nkMa0/видео.htmlm9s water uphill
Pretty awesome, yeah. Though, I question it's durability. I'm guessing the water's surface tension keeps it together, because the pattern etched into the metal prevents the water from seeping in. I've seen the phrase "micro and nano patterns" thrown about, which makes me suspect that it would be incredibly easy to scratch this attribute straight off the metal unless it's as hard as diamond. It's the same reason your car wax loses it's effectiveness to do the same thing, but the difference is that it's relatively easy to wax your car, while re-lasering a toilet in Mozambique is probably not going to be an option. Slapping a coat of paint on may not be as effective, but it's cheap, fast, and can be done over and over and over again.
Still a great technology and I certainly hope they roll out it's use in hospitals (they already have a plastic that does the same thing), which would not only be healthier for us all but also avoid that whole "breeding super-bacteria" problem from an overuse of cleaning and antibiotic chemicals, but I sometimes think engineers and scientists are not as worldly and practical when it comes to applying their technology, because it's just not feasible to build entire airplanes out of nano-etched metal that will not only be blinding bare aluminum, but will quickly lose it's effectiveness after flying through dust storms, hail, etc. Kinda like that whole "build roads out of solar panels coated with glass" idea; sounds awesome, but mundane problems like "glass gets scratched to shit when you drive cars on it" and "asphalt is fucking cheap" just take priority.
If I'm totally wrong on this, please give me a heads up on why.
FINALLY someone can create pipe where poops won't get stuck in DA HOLE!!
Dhruvik Nanavati Like he said in the video, it can be used in toilets and flushing requires very little or no water, but still keep it super clean.
self cleaning toilet bowls!
Phong Vu He didn't say it couldn't be used in toilets, he said it's expensive, and so it's not used in toilets. I'm sure they'd make you one if you want to pay for it, but I don't have the money for a million dollar toilet. This tech would need to be massively upscaled to make it viable for mass production.
hanyougod
They said the same about televisions, cars and the Internet. Not so expensive anymore, are they?
Wouldn't that be extremely expensive?
i wonder what happens if you dropped this metal into a water surface..would it just bounce right off the water??
It'd fall into the water.
Then when you pull it out, it'd be dry.
Try to imagine all life as you know it stopping instantaneously and every molecule in your body exploding at the speed of light.... total protonic reversal.
John O'brien hah, if only it was extreme as crossing the streams
Kamike Serpantail
Yes, exactly. Think of that toy Aqua-Sand that was advertised over the last two decades and how it would stay dry after being pulled out of water.
depends on the shape and density.. if narrow and denser than water, it would slide right through to the bottom with no resistance.. if less dense, it would sit on top of the water tension and be extremely buoyant, if flat and less dense, the effect is pronounced. if ball-shaped and quite light, then yeah, it would likely bounce
this is awesome, only hope it can be scaled up and applied soon and cost effectively.
Great idea of reducing the materials and technique required for production a superhydrophobic coating
Imagine cars with this and roofs of houses and buildings, boats, umbrellas, cooking utensils and pots/pans, maybe even driveways/streets! The possibilities are endless!
I used this in my toilet but the pee bounced back, luckily was wearing super hydrophobic sprayed clothing but it made an eternal feedback loop :(
now i'm playing endless peing pong, pls help
you still in the toilet ?
@@israfim51 I think his phone's battery is dead
Work on your aim 👍🏻
Underrated
@@pranav_chandar_jazz too underrated
i have been waiting for something like this in ages. this will solve that one problem most of us have.
Cool stuff - great work! Thanks for sharing.
This could be used to create an air based thermopumps that would work well below 0 as water vapor could not sublimate to the cooling surfaces. You could get COP 4-5 by having a much larger difference between the cooling surfaces and the ambient air without concern for ice buildup. The engineering is daunting but possible. The rewards in energy efficiency would be well worth it particularly in cold climates but the increased efficiency for cooling would also be beneficial.
Thats a slick idea! Any indications of folks trying to build such yet?
I'm looking forward to seeing this in cooking utensils!
As if a million windscreen wiper salesmen suddenly cried out in terror. =P
Doubtful. They have to create a patterned surface on the material. So if they applied this same process to glass, you probably wouldn't be able to see through it.
yeah wouldn't work on optics, the glass surface would appear sandblasted
dan428 on a nano scale our eyes won't resolve the difference and it will still appear to be see through. There have been products that can do similar effects (RainX) which is clear, however it still requires recoating
koruki rainx is chemical treatment..
dan428 yes it is else a normal consumer wouldn't be able to apply it, but I know what you mean cause the Neverwet leaves a haze
Its been 6 yrs. Where is this now?
Fantastic work! Keep it up!
Please share more info on how you achieved this!
very cool, good work.
I wonder how it would affect the buoyant forces on ships. Or the integrity of the material. Cause a material's strength depends on its crystalline structure. Pretty exciting to see how it will be used. Possibilities are endless at this point.
It shouldnt affect integrity, someone commented with the specifics of how the process works, theyre using nano scale laser etching to make patterns on the surface of metals, I dont think that would affect the crystal structure of the metal very much, maybe the thickness of metal foil if at all
As long dust particles do not accumulate on it and how to clean it. Seems a great invention.
fascinating. I can see many cryogenic uses for this
Very impressive. Maybe also Important for ionic transport in accumulators.
Amazing. I wish to use this achievement in the mirrors of vehicles
By then we won't have side mirrors on vehicles. Because we would be using self-driving vehicles with cameras for side mirrors instead.
Don't think mirrors will work as well with the grooves. There are already hydrophobic films you can buy to stick on your mirrors.
This should be used on aircraft to prevent icing. The market is gigantic.
this is the coolest thing i have ever saw
Fantastic!!
The leading edge of wings on commercial airliners would be an interesting test for the hydrophobic material. Boots or exhaust gasses or combination of both are used at present in combination to chemical de-ice agents on the ground.
Wow, this is an awesome material :O
I could see this more for electronics protection backup. So it can wick dry the moisture out of the air with one surface while repelling it from the things that really can't afford any water.
This is amazing.
Does this also repel other liquids like oils?
How could you wash the surface?
Over time will the nano and micro structures wear down from friction and become less effective?
Damn, adapt this to glass and you'd have the safest windshields ever. Great stuff.
yes it is nice that your hydrophobic material can repel water and compared to teflon but like teflon can the shown material be used in high degrees of temperature?
Can I buy a sample somewhere? That water bouncing effect is just unbelievable!
I'm curious how different temperatures effect the surface due to expansion or contraction.
Could this be useful for some of the vehicle parts and frames?
Is there an update? Also, can the etching be done on plastic sheets? What about on glass?
This is a fabulous video! What kind of copyright is claimed? Am I able to use a couple shots for a video I am making on fluid dynamics? Attribution of course!
Since the surface is some kind of metal (?) that is shaped by laser I guess it's basically a nano-scale nail file we're looking at? And as such, I guess the total surface of the metal piece becomes quite large with many edges.
How do they keep it from corroding? And how much damage does corrosion do to the hydrophobic effect?
Increible. Gracias.
Assuming the laser cut surface can be applied to hard enough materials, this would be awesome for roofing. Or basically any exterior surface. Exciting stuff.
Hiya very cool implications for this work. I'm wondering if you've found many techniques to remove water from hydrophilic surfaces?
Evaporation. Took 7 years to develop the method, sorry.
Sewer pvc pipes came first to my mind, no more clogged clean out sewer lines.
So 7 years later, I wonder if it found any real world (commercial) applications.
So if the surface gets altered by scratched, or other impact damage, can it still repell?
Awesome stuff, but it's such a teaser to just keep seeing the results and never see the lasers! Like how are you doing this process? Lets see that in gruesome detail!
someone should use this technique to make a grinder which never gunks up, imagine how smooth this grinder would be
Bravo!!!!!!!!!!!!! Very smart people make very smart products...
having an umbrella made of this , would be soooo fun
IMPRESSIVE...MOST impressive....
can the process be used on injection moulds to transfer the surface pattern to the object being moulded
This is super interesting but I will save my enthusiasm until after the stress tests of etched samples.
come on, come on, come on, we need products using this YESTERDAY in the market. I can barely wait.
Resurface all watercraft with this material to beneficially change their friction coefficient.
A.Water brakes.
B.High speed underwater transit.
C.Electronic devices that hold their position in stagnant water without traditional motivation.
D.Gases/Fluids flow into containers without pumping.
E. Separate chemicals at different temperatures from a cracking device.
(Like pouring all your garbage into a thermal pit and capturing all the components that burn off while it's hot and easily transferable into separate condensation and recycling.)
Fantastic
A disc shape submarine ship of this metal would go very fast underwater with no resistance or no ?
It looks so unreal!
This thing can be use as a case for water-sensitive electronic equipment
Can you please explain, how does the hydrophilic surface work?
FREAKING EPIC!!!
another reason to love science.
Possible uses I've come up with: Boat hulls to lessen drag. Water pipes (internally and externally) to extend their life by lowering corrosion. Roofing tiles that last for a very long time with extremely low maintenance. Would also be useful in areas that get a lot of snowfall to keep snow from sticking to roofing tiles. Tableware that's very easy to keep clean with minimal water needed.
I have to wonder what effect this treatment would have on materials that are implanted in the human body. Could this help cut down on infection and issues associated with such devices?
beautiful！
Wish you a good day ...
Please let us know how to ingrave graphen deposeted sheet in nano spaced lines apart from each using laser engraver or any suggested tools or instruments
i can see this being used in everyday appliances and machinery.
very cool stuff! where do I go to invest?
could this etching be applied to the interior of an intake port runner in the machined aluminum cylinder head of an internal combustion engine? I would think that this surface would reduce any condensation of the fuel that could occur immediately after the fuel is released by the injector wherein it would be easily sucked into the combustion chamber along with the corresponding charge of air, reducing buildup of impurities throughout the intake port and reducing the amount of fuel necessary to establish a proper stoichiometric ratio for combustion... cleaner burning engine that is using less fuel.
If you made a boat with this surface, would it be like a very low drag/friction and move super smooth in the water?
Proud to be going to this school
Anyone have the measurements or a diagram of the engravings on the material the laser made? I find this really interesting and would love to try and replicate it for some real world applications
they mentioned that they are at the micro and nano scale, which might mean micro/nano meters? you cant really replicate that without a lab
Are there microscope photos of the pattern? What does it look like and what makes it repel water?
So you could make a surface with some of each pattern to direct/control water/liquid
about the whole toile integration, because the surface is rougher doesn't that mean the the more dryer pieces of fieces will stick more to it?
And does this work with smaller molecules like oils?
this is amazing! How does it work with the impure water like he mentioned? Salt water? Like if boats were made with this sort of surface? It seems similar to another surface structure based technology (I think it was for rubber/plastic materials) that mimics shark skin, which naturally repels bacteria to grow on it because of the way the patterns prefect grouping of organisms (or something like that). Imagine if this technology could be applied at a cost effective rate! As a non-expert, I imagine it would put a harsh decline in rust occurrence. Even simple things like aluminum cans, no longer needing the wax inner coating they have to prevent internal rusting... Damn I love technology!
I was wondering. Could create material surface that would "mimic" a wet surface? So in other words, if you touch it it would be frictionless but technically still dry.
What is the underlying principle? Is it a long process? How big is the device compared to the surface?
This is so cool! Science rules!!
Ok boomer
What would happen if they used this process to the hull of a boat, would drag become almost a thing of the past? The possibilities are amazing!
Agreed, it would also likely vastly increase longevity on a ship's hull, and perhaps if cleverly combined with their hydrophilic surfaces in the right patterns, might give an even more pronounced decrease in drag.
Maybe, although this material likely still costs a lot to make.
Usage on ships hull is rather doubtful. Nanopattern on a ship's hull moving in sea water would be quickly wiped off leaving a metal unprotected. It's ok in the labs with clear pure water, but everywhere else it would be victim of abrasives.
It might reduce drag (local trapped air layer, like a lubricant?)? It might stop barnacles?
@@AdamPippin it would get stripped away so quick.
Could this laser treatment be applied to glass or ceramic?
What happens if we etch a naturally hydrophilic or hydrophobic material with this laser? Will it improve/nullify the material's properties?
most naturally occurring hydrohopic/hydrophillic materials already depend on their surface structure so if we alter that structure we would probably not improve the effect.
I spent years at my university researching hydrophobic coatings, so seeing this doing it so much better is a little sad.
Please don't be sad. All knowledge builds upon the work of those before us!
Also, the applications where each are viable will probably be drastically different.
fantástico...
Amazing!!!! it could be use for the buildings structures too!! you know the primary pilons of the house for the humidity problems for example!!! wow!!! thanks for this advance!!!
very nice work. I want to know more about it. Can you assist me?
How does this work with oils ? Could u treat a journal bearing with that and have super efficact bearings
Four and half years later, is this technology in use anywhere? If this can be applied to glass or polycarbonate and leave the ability to see through it intact, that would be tremendously useful in applications ranging from glasses to windshields.
Thinking a boat coated with this, super reduced resistance/drag?
Can you laser a automotive windshield? Have you tested if barnacles would like to grow on it?
What is preventing surface degradation? don't the nanostructures wear and break due to forces either through errosion or physical contact?
Aviation: Anti-Icing protection for small aircraft. What we've been needing for decades. Apply a strip to the leading edges of the wings. Make it so!
Genius!
How resistant is this surface to scratches?
what material was the surface created on?
Make a submersible out of it for deep sea exploration. Use the water repelling properties to create a “shield” from the intense water pressure of the deep ocean.
Something accomplished in Nature by plants, finally developed in a lab. Amazing! Congratulations!
Is this how iPhone screen and cover are treated ? And does it have self cleaning property ?
please upload video of more tests not just single water droplets falling. Pour water in a stream, spray a mist on the surface, fill a dish with water that surrounds the metal. we want more of this awesome development!
But how do you clean it?