I must confess that this is the best, most simplified and well explained lecture on this topic of astigmatism classification. I used to be confused on this but I can now answer this correctly, even in my dream. THANK YOU SO SO MUCH.
Wow such an awesome video you really helped me to fully understand Astigmatism types & decipher the prescriptions & meanings & all I have is a simple passing interest in this but you broke it down so well I feel like an expert now. Great job. Your examples at the end are top notch by the way. Excellent video.
I find this video many time ! Thanks a lot for this and all videos. Respect. It's for us starting doctors ophthalmology elixir of the knowledge!!!♥️♥️♥️🙏
Thanks a million for this easy to process under pressure method. I solved each of the example in the transposed form too just to confirm if the method holds true ( off course it does) and for practice. Thanks agoin.
Thank you so much for explaining this I've been searching for an easy explanation for long and now here I am well equipped with the knowledge that you've provided.
Madam pls make a video on how to do retinoscopy and also comprehend the values of retinoscopy to convert it to spectacle prescription for postgraduates
I have THREE QUESTIONS, because Google is confusing me. If I have With the rule astigmatism- is my cornea the shape of an egg rolled onto its side when viewed from the front (like looking at the longest width of a football) or and egg sitting vertical in a carton 🥚? Also, when I look at an astigmatism chart and for both eyes I see prominent on 90/270 and 60/240. What axis would be prescribed to correct this? Is it the same numbers I see on the chart or what? AND the third question. My right eye sees the above numbers on an astigmatism wheel spokes chart thing, but sometimes switches to 180/0 and 150/330 while I'm looking at it or if I blink. What is the causes for this?
Great video as all of them! But I have a question: what if the axis is different than90 or 180? I was taught that axis from 0 to 30 and 150 to 180 are with the rule, 70 to 120 against the rule, and the others are oblique.
Thank you! Unfortunately the guidelines for inclusion in with rule and against the rule are not freely available in the literature. At least not in a reliable source. Smolin and Thoft mentions 15 degrees on either side of the vertical and horizontal as the limits. Since this is a standard book, one can take those values
@khsvlog23, within 15 degrees of vertical or horizontal is considered vertical/horizontal. Others are oblique astigmatism and not considered for the above exercise. (Source: Smolin)
@ophthalmologypearls what if not the degree of astigmatism is 180/90. Like if it is 135degree. can you please explain it further. Is this rule apllied for only 180/90 degre? If not. Then what will be the rule to identify the verticle or horizonral. Thanks in advance.
@@khsvlog23 If cyl from 75 to 105, then considered as if at 90 & proceed accordingly If cyl from 165 to 15, then considered as if horizontal & proceed accordingly
There is no hard & fast number for this. Each reference gives a different number (from 10-30 degrees). So as a general guide - within 30 degrees of the vertical meridian can be considered as if the axis is at 90, & within 30 degrees of the horizontal meridian, the axis can be considered as if the axis is at 180
Different books give different axes that qualify to be called oblique astigmatism. Smolin & Thoft mentions outside of 15° on either side of the horizontal / vertical meridian is considered oblique astigmatism; other books mention 30°. In the examination, the examiner only wants to know if you can identify based on the numbers and signs, & will not be overly concerned about oblique astigmatism
Different books give different axes that qualify to be called oblique astigmatism. Smolin & Thoft mentions outside of 15 degrees on either side of the horizontal / vertical meridian is considered oblique astigmatism; other books mention 30 degrees. In the examination, the examiner only wants to know if you can identify based on the numbers and signs, & will not be overly concerned about oblique astigmatism
With-the-rule astigmatism is astigmatism where the vertical meridian is more myopic (horizontal meridian more hypermetropic) & against-the-rule astigmatism is astigmatism where the horizontal meridian is more myopic (vertical meridian more hypermetropic)
@@areeba321That was my question too. I think when numbers and signs are same she says compound. When numbers are same with different signs she says simple! But in the video, she teaches that when we have different signs and sph is bigger it's also compound. Confusing!
In example 8, since the signs of both sphere and the cylinder are plus, this is a compound hyperopic astigmatism. There is no such thing as a mixed hyperopic astigmatism.
All the standard books describing optics & refractive errors simply mention that if the axis is at or near 90 or 180, it is with / against the rule and others are oblique astigmatism. Most books that do give a definitive value are not standard books that one can quote. I found these lines which I am quoting from Smolin & Thoft (The Cornea, SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS AND CLINICAL PRACTICE) - "In with- the- rule astigmatism, the steepest meridian is within plus or minus 15 degrees of being vertical " and "In against- the- rule astigmatism, the steepest meridian is within plus or minus15 degrees of being horizontal." Since Smolin & Thoft is a standard book for cornea, we can take this value.
I must confess that this is the best, most simplified and well explained lecture on this topic of astigmatism classification. I used to be confused on this but I can now answer this correctly, even in my dream. THANK YOU SO SO MUCH.
Wow such an awesome video you really helped me to fully understand Astigmatism types & decipher the prescriptions & meanings & all I have is a simple passing interest in this but you broke it down so well I feel like an expert now. Great job. Your examples at the end are top notch by the way. Excellent video.
Wow mam! The most simplified version out there. Very helpful. Thank you
The best explanation that allowed me to finally be able to understand my prescription. Thank you so much.
Thank you, ma'am! This largely eliminates the need for a pen and paper to transpose each time to arrive at a diagnosis.
I find this video many time ! Thanks a lot for this and all videos. Respect. It's for us starting doctors ophthalmology elixir of the knowledge!!!♥️♥️♥️🙏
Thank you so much Ma’am for saving my time 🙌
Thanks a million for this easy to process under pressure method. I solved each of the example in the transposed form too just to confirm if the method holds true ( off course it does) and for practice. Thanks agoin.
Nice. So with all that practice you can never go wrong again. Advise you practice one or two examples once a month just to keep in touch
@@ophthalmologypearlsmay we know how to determine mam whether it is against the rule or with the rule
If the axis is other than 90 and 180 degree
Thank you so much for explaining this I've been searching for an easy explanation for long and now here I am well equipped with the knowledge that you've provided.
Simple & easy to get till now I think no one can make astigmatism such a easy way thanks
Best explanation so far. Thankyou Madam
if the axis are 110 or 40 then how we find the direction ?
Oblique
thank you for the explanation Dr
Thank you...for a layman like me it was good to know such brief and just
Madam pls make a video on how to do retinoscopy and also comprehend the values of retinoscopy to convert it to spectacle prescription for postgraduates
Most appreciable explanation ever😊😊
Thanks a lot Anupama mam ..the video s excellent
Thanks, though you got my name wrong :)
Thank you so much so easy to understand the explanation 😊
Which lens can use in compound myopic astigmatism against the rule?
Respected mam,
So grateful to you.
Humphrey visual field analyzer want to know about it.
Wow! This is the best explanation ever 👏 🙌
Thanks, glad you liked it!
Amazing explanation ma'am ❤️❤️
It was very helpful... Thank you
I have THREE QUESTIONS, because Google is confusing me.
If I have With the rule astigmatism- is my cornea the shape of an egg rolled onto its side when viewed from the front (like looking at the longest width of a football) or and egg sitting vertical in a carton 🥚?
Also, when I look at an astigmatism chart and for both eyes I see prominent on 90/270 and 60/240. What axis would be prescribed to correct this? Is it the same numbers I see on the chart or what?
AND the third question.
My right eye sees the above numbers on an astigmatism wheel spokes chart thing, but sometimes switches to 180/0 and 150/330 while I'm looking at it or if I blink.
What is the causes for this?
Great video as all of them! But I have a question: what if the axis is different than90 or 180? I was taught that axis from 0 to 30 and 150 to 180 are with the rule, 70 to 120 against the rule, and the others are oblique.
Thank you! Unfortunately the guidelines for inclusion in with rule and against the rule are not freely available in the literature. At least not in a reliable source. Smolin and Thoft mentions 15 degrees on either side of the vertical and horizontal as the limits. Since this is a standard book, one can take those values
Much needed video for pg .
Thank you so muchh, this is very helpful
Thank you so much mam it was very help full. Nice teaching 🥰🥰
Very helpful ma'am 😊
Very helpful thanks ❤
what about the axis having numbers 170 and 160
Mam can u add video on
Surgical procedures for glaucoma
Are you an undergraduate or postgraduate?
@@ophthalmologypearls undergraduate mam
Excellent ma'am 👏👏
Very useful
5:48 second. Simple with the rule Hypermetropic astigmatism.
@@mohammadibrahim3413 no it is myopic please transcribe and you will realise
@@mohammadibrahim3413 it is against the rule astigmatism please watch the video again
perfect, thank you.
What will be if power 55 degree or 135 degeree? Which one will verticle or horizontal
@khsvlog23, within 15 degrees of vertical or horizontal is considered vertical/horizontal. Others are oblique astigmatism and not considered for the above exercise. (Source: Smolin)
@ophthalmologypearls what if not the degree of astigmatism is 180/90. Like if it is 135degree. can you please explain it further. Is this rule apllied for only 180/90 degre? If not. Then what will be the rule to identify the verticle or horizonral.
Thanks in advance.
If different eyes shows differnent power at different meridian. Then what will be diagnosis.
@@khsvlog23 If cyl from 75 to 105, then considered as if at 90 & proceed accordingly
If cyl from 165 to 15, then considered as if horizontal & proceed accordingly
@@khsvlog23 Each eye is considered separately for diagnosis
Thank you so much!
But how to understand astigmatism if the axis is not 90 or 180. Like 70 or 130 etc...
@@SomaraniMahato-eo2lj the answer is given as a reply to the other comments on this video please see
What is compound number?
Thank you so much mam
How to identify regular irregular astigmatism
@@sunithareddym what is regular irregular astigmatism?
@@ophthalmologypearls some one said regular astigmatism means normal irregular means but birth defects or surgeries or some thing like that
There is regular astigmatism and there is irregular astigmatism. There is no such thing as regular irregular
excellent
Mam if the axis is less than 90 then it is against or with the rule
There is no hard & fast number for this. Each reference gives a different number (from 10-30 degrees). So as a general guide - within 30 degrees of the vertical meridian can be considered as if the axis is at 90, & within 30 degrees of the horizontal meridian, the axis can be considered as if the axis is at 180
What if your axis is like 88° or 117° is that oblique astigmatism?
Different books give different axes that qualify to be called oblique astigmatism. Smolin & Thoft mentions outside of 15° on either side of the horizontal / vertical meridian is considered oblique astigmatism; other books mention 30°. In the examination, the examiner only wants to know if you can identify based on the numbers and signs, & will not be overly concerned about oblique astigmatism
If the axis Meridian isn’t 90 or 180 then how can we find the rule of astigmatism..wheather is it WTR or ATR?
Different books give different axes that qualify to be called oblique astigmatism. Smolin & Thoft mentions outside of 15 degrees on either side of the horizontal / vertical meridian is considered oblique astigmatism; other books mention 30 degrees. In the examination, the examiner only wants to know if you can identify based on the numbers and signs, & will not be overly concerned about oblique astigmatism
@@ophthalmologypearls thanks a lot.
Thanks a lot doctor 🌹🙏🌹 🇮🇶
Thank You
Mam can you do a video on disc changes in glaucoma . thank you
Yes, I just need to know whether you are an undergraduate or a postgraduate
@@ophthalmologypearls Post graduate madam
@@ophthalmologypearls j
Perfect👍
What does with the rule astigmatism mean
With-the-rule astigmatism is astigmatism where the vertical meridian is more myopic (horizontal meridian more hypermetropic) & against-the-rule astigmatism is astigmatism where the horizontal meridian is more myopic (vertical meridian more hypermetropic)
Sign are different then how its compound mam???
@@areeba321 watch the video and you will understand
@@ophthalmologypearls arent sign same in compound one ? I cant understand
@@areeba321That was my question too. I think when numbers and signs are same she says compound. When numbers are same with different signs she says simple!
But in the video, she teaches that when we have different signs and sph is bigger it's also compound. Confusing!
If you are confused, transpose and it will become clear
@@ophthalmologypearls yes i transposed and its easy for me now but i use with the rulae and against the rule trick ots very helpful . Thnx alot
Amazing
Made it simple 😅❤
Shouldn't example 8 be mixed hypermetropic WTR Astigmatism?????
btw
Thank you so much for video
In example 8, since the signs of both sphere and the cylinder are plus, this is a compound hyperopic astigmatism. There is no such thing as a mixed hyperopic astigmatism.
@@ophthalmologypearls oh thank you thank you, ma'am
Mam can you please explain transpositions also
Here is the video
ruclips.net/video/RrwucYjG2YQ/видео.html
Mam wat if the axis is say eg.140 , 30 deg
All the standard books describing optics & refractive errors simply mention that if the axis is at or near 90 or 180, it is with / against the rule and others are oblique astigmatism. Most books that do give a definitive value are not standard books that one can quote. I found these lines which I am quoting from Smolin & Thoft (The Cornea, SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS
AND CLINICAL PRACTICE) - "In with- the- rule astigmatism, the steepest
meridian is within plus or minus 15 degrees of being vertical " and "In against- the- rule astigmatism, the steepest meridian is within plus or minus15 degrees of being horizontal." Since Smolin & Thoft is a standard book for cornea, we can take this value.
+1.00DS/-1.00DS ×90 .IN VIDEO 1.16 SAYS simple astigmatism, but in another video says it is mixed astigmatism,please clarify mam
@tamilselvan.r8262 This is without a doubt simple hyperopic astigmatism. Transpose & you will realise
@@ophthalmologypearls thank you madam 🫡🫡
I have only CYL number
No sphere
magic!
T̤h̤a̤n̤k̤ y̤o̤ṳ ❤
Thank you.
Very confusing.
I had left eye s= - 0.50
C =-1.25
A = 90
Right eye S = 0.50
C= 0.50
A= 86
What is this called ma'am
What astigmatism I had
@@sunithareddym you have not specified the sign of the power in the left eye for both sphere and cylinder
@@sunithareddym right eye is compound myopic against the rule
@@ophthalmologypearls minus both sphere and cylinder both minus left eye and right eye ma'am
Ma'am thank you for replying ma'am IA m stressed with my eye sight what is against rule astigmatism ma'am
Are you an undergraduate medical student?
👍👍👍
Hindi me bhi bnao ek video
Madam than q
Wow
👍🙏🙏🙏🙏🤝
You're fast 😫
You may play the video at a lower speed!😊
Wow