When I watch educational videos on here, especially animated stuff, I always wish it was available when I was in school still. There seems to be an endless supply of excellent videos that apply to any and all subjects and levels of each. I hope teachers and students are taking advantage of what's available to them whenever possible.
I agree 100%. Growing up our teachers read from a book but there were a few good teachers that used better visual aids to help the students comprehend the material. Now that I am 42 I am teaching myself so much that I "just didn't get" back in school. If social media was not destroying our kids and well... our minds too, we could really advance as a society. Thank you for your service teaching. 🤝
The detonation process of these are overwhelming. The amount of time and brains it took to create is fascinating. How they used radio waves to read barometric pressure, and then activates the firing switch. And how it sets off a charge, it’s so brilliant.
This was not only informative but produced and animated in such a way that it was very easy to understand and absorb! Congratulations. A brilliant video!
The moral weight of this invention is immense. I just watched Oppenheimer and wanted to understand more about the invention itself. Thank you for providing clarity on how it works and why it was devastating.
The 3 green safety plugs were removed and replaced with red arming plugs once over the target area. This armed the weapon. The green plugs blocked the electrical path to the arming circuit, timer, barometric and radar triggers. This was a necessary safety feature as there were fears of possible detonation, either on take off or in flight. The plugs weren't removed on deployment. Great video though of a fascinating part of history.
300 m/s second is a fairly low speed for shooting the uranium rings into the uranium plug (wonder why not shoot the smaller plug into the rings?!). The faster they are shot together, the more complete the fission reaction thus more power yield. I read that only less than 5 percent of the total uranium actually went fissile in Little Boy, the rest was wasted. Fat Man had extremely high speed explosive lenses in the 8K m/second range for the fastest possible implosion.
@@billant2 The target area was surrounded by a neutron reflector. The firing of the bomb enclosed the uranium structure entirely in a reflective cylinder, with the cap being what pushed the hollow rings into the cylinder. Had the Hollow rings been placed there they would've been in chain reaction or dangerously close to such. As such the hollow section had to be what was added later
Ordnance arming circuitry always incorporates redundancy. If a connection is required between two points, two or more wires will be used, in case one breaks.
The “Little Boy” bomb could actually detonate with full yield on impact with the ground. The electrical system was only required for airburst. The bomb not being “drop safe” was why the fissile cylinder and explosives at the rear was only inserted once the aircraft was several hundred miles clear of Tinian and Siapan on route to Japan. “Fat Man” wasn’t much better but would probably fizzle rather than deliver full yield if dropped or burned - but a 500 ton yield would still be a “bad day”. The Mk 4 that replaced the Fat Man Mk 3 was much better in that regard.
It is important to note, the Little Boy Bomb was never tested like the Fat Man Bomb which used Plutonium 239, whereas Little Boy used Uranium 235. Oppenheimer and his team were so confident in the Little Boy design it was never tested and it really wasn't proven until it was dropped on Hiroshima.
The acknowledged difficulty with the Fat Man was the timing and relative strengths of all the charges for the implosion. For it to work correctly - ie not to end up with the core being spat out - the timing and strength of each charge had to be perfect. The development of all this consumed a lot of time, effort, and expenditure and there were doubts until the very end if it would work. The Trinity test proved that it did. The gun type was much simpler in concept and to manufacture.
With respect little boy was exponentially less efficient. Also keep in mind that U-238 or plutonium does not naturally occur on earth or anywhere. It has to be made by enriching U-235 to an atomic weight of U-238. So in essence the natural progression to initiate a larger output of energy is implosion. Lucky for the physicists at los alamos someone was working on changing the the shockwaves of conventional explosives from concave to convex and thus changing the process of how they split the atom and more efficiently changed history. A machined hollow sphere of approximately ten pounds of plutonium was compressed by hundreds of pounds of composition b which is now c-4/symtex. And boom. You get a little less than 200k lbs of tnt. What is really interesting is the incorporation of tritium and other elements and stryofoam that Teller figured out would give us the fusion bomb. Which I think Oppenheimer and the physicists at Los Alamos already knew about given the outcome of their math.
@@khb6686 A bit of clarification, uranium does occur in nature but most of it is U238 which can’t sustain a chain reaction. So factories at Oak Ridge worked to separate U235 from U238 leaving enriched uranium and depleted uranium.
The B-29s used on these mission had their upper and lower gun turrets removed to save weight and improve drag. The defensive guns we're needed at that point in the war since the Japanese didn't go after only three aircraft which they thought were recon or weather planes.
The “Silverplate” B-29’s also had the aft bomb bay removed and the forward bomb bay length increased (to handle the longer atomic bombs (the very first had the front and rear bomb bays merged)). The forward bomb bay was fitted with Lancaster “Grand Slam” bomb shackles (and dropped “Grand Slams” on practice missions over Japan (along with “Pumpkins” (impact fused non nuclear versions of the Fat Man bomb))). The orange painted pumpkins acted as both practice weapons, blast bombs and security cover for the visually identical Fat Man bombs (yes, bombs plural - 15 were built before they were superseded by the Mk4 replacements in late 1946 (11 by the end of November 1945)).
@@allangibson8494 The only B29 built with a single set of bomb bay doors was made to do aerodynamic development of the "Thin Man" bomb casing. Thin Man was the original gun-type bomb designed for use with plutonium. The Thin Man bomb was 17 feet long which is why the modified B29 was needed. When the first reactor made plutonium became available it had Pu240 in it and a gun design would have caused a fizzle (pre-detonation). When the plutonium bomb design was changed to implosion, the single bomb door was not needed as both Little Boy and Fat Man would fit into the front bomb bay of a B29. The rear bomb bay was then used for carrying additional fuel extending the range of the airplane. None of the Silver Plate bombers used the single-door configuration, they had two sets of bomb bay doors. You can reference both “B29: The Superfortress,” by Carl Berger, and “Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man,” by John Coster-Mullen for this information.
@@buckhorncortez The forward bomb bay on all the Silverplate B-29’s was lengthened and reinforced. The bombing radar was moved slightly aft as a result. You need two side by side to see the difference between the standard and silverplate versions. The aft bomb bay was deleted and, as you noted, used for additional fuel tankage leaving only the forward bomb doors operational. Only the forward bomb bay could be used for bombs after modifications and the aft bomb bay fuel tank had to be carefully managed to maintain weight and balance.
It's crazy we have the means to watch the basic mechanism of an atomic bomb. This information is classified maybe 90 or more years ago. Always beautiful presentation.
The Magnetron (type of radar that enabled the UK to survive the Blitz) was also a top-secret device during decades. Nowadays it's present in every microwave oven.
How the implosion device works still sort of classified. Just like how they exactly make and H bomb work. They will let you know the basics just not how to make one really work.
Yea I don't think they're too worried tbh. This technology is way outdated and even if you knew the exact firing mechanism (which this isn't the complete sequence), you'd still have to get your hands on highly enriched Uranium (HEU) and Plutonium which is not going to happen
It makes you wonder was WW2 really not that long ago or was this just really advanced for its time? The German V2 ballistic missile was another engineering marvel of that era.
Finally.... someone on RUclips explains the Little Boy accurately!!! Not hemispheres smashing in to each other, nor projectile rings being inserted _into_ target rings or any other such nonsense. Excellent animations too, really enjoyed this.
Great animation. Could you do an animation on how a ww1 or ww2 torpedo works? I know it has to stay plugged in and cooled/heated and whatnot, but it’s very complicated.
I am so busy in my work. But i haven't watched most of your vids and i will do it. Everyone should watch these 10-15 min video to get something informative instead of watching some songs and gaming videos.
Parsons didn't pull the arming plugs. Parsons inserted the cordite explosive bags into the bomb. The safing (green plugs) were pulled by Morris Jeppson and replaced with red pull-out plugs. Performed by Captain Deak Parsons Checklist for loading charge in the plane with special breech plug (After all D-3 tests are completed) 1. Check that green plugs are installed. 2. Remove rear plate. 3. Insert breech wrench in breech plug. 4. Unscrew breech plug, place on rubber pad. 5. Insert charge, 4 sections, red ends to breech. 6. Insert breech plug and tighten home. 7. Connect firing line. 8. Install armor plate. 9. Install rear plate. 10. Remove and secure the catwalk and tools. The bomb was fully armed only after the green plugs had been removed and the red plugs inserted, by Electronic Test Officer Morris Jeppson
@@Aitelly The entire crew was chosen by Paul Tibbets for the mission. No one "volunteered" for the mission. Read, "War's End: An Eyewitness Account of America's Last Atomic Mission," by Charles W. Sweeney. Tibbets wanted a specific crew that he had total confidence could successfully complete the mission. -
I think Parsons actually cut himself on one of the precisely-machined parts of the bomb (stabilizers maybe). He was also the only one of the Enola Gay crew to have witnessed the Trinity detonation, so he knew what they, and Hiroshima were in store for.
superfortess, kiluminers, kilomeers, fusaledge. I've never heard somebody pronounce so many large words correctly and so many others so terribly. Great video.
Outstanding video production. Your graphics are educational, easy to follow and great visual aids helping understanding. Your narration is superb. Really well done!
First video from you I have seen, and im hooked! Great balanced explanations using the perfect timing and volume of technical insights that is wrapped up in fabulous visual effects which mirror that wider or closer perspective as needed.
very informative and interesting video content... and thanks for including the metric conversion, very helpful to understand how the atomic bomb works....
the metric information helpful to the 96% of the world's population that use the metric system. the other 4% of the world, that is the U.S., sadly still requires the old feet, pound mile system.
Great animation! It's amazing to me that they never tested this type of bomb because they didn't have enough enriched Uranium. They just presumed it would work. The trinity test, arguably the first nuclear bomb, used a plutonium/fat man type bomb. The first nuclear reactor was made several years earlier, and a few more were made to produce the plutonium. These reactors heated the Columbia river without producing electricity. It's hard to make a nuclear bomb that doesn't fizzle, blowing itself apart before the chain reaction has a chance to do much damage.
Ya, its amazing how BOTH of the bombs worked the first time and that NASA got men to the moon and back the first time too. I guess neccssity really is the mother of invention. Too bad it takes wars to make mankind do such amazing things. I wish as a species we were more proactive to do great things.
What reactor heated the Colorado River? There were no reactors anywhere near the Colorado River in 1944 or 1945. The first operational reactor built was CP-1 in Chicago - it had no cooling. The second reactor built was X-1 at Oakridge, TN and used air cooling. The reactors for plutonium production were water cooled, located at Hanford, WA and use the Columbia River for water cooling.
Well done! A simple and clear explanation is accompanied by sharp, easy-to-understand pictures and animations. A truly successful and very professional presentation.
Having read some of the comments below, I agree and praise this work even more strongly. When I was having trouble with 3D Calculus, I saw some (primitive) videos that worked. [This was back in the 70s.] I wish I had had videos this clear and concise together with the dialogue. I probably would have gotten higher grades in Advanced Calculus.
Thank you, I kind of know the physics behind this but I learned a lot more than what I had thought. A lot more steps than I realized. Very educational, comprehensive and extremely well done.
Small error, it is a Superfortress not a Superfortess. I think it said correctly towards the end. Interesting note, the B-29s used were special Superfortresses called "Silver Plate" which were modified to carry the bomb. Also, though not mentioned in the video but is a common mistake made by many, Trinity was not testing the viability of a nuclear bomb. They knew the Uranium Little Boy bomb would work and it was already 8in transit to Tinian before Trinity. Trinity was testing if the implosion plutonium device, Fat Boy, would work.
There are a number of other small errors, such as the spelling of Manhattan, and the pronunciation of fuselage and nuclei. These should be easy to correct and to repost if RUclips allows revisions.
Nice video. The B29s used for this mission were built specially for the mission. Codename Silverplate B29s had a polished metal skin and did not have any defensive guns fitted.
@@TechDove actually just the rear gunner on both missions. Bock's Car had quite a predicament due to fighters being scrambled over Kukora and they were running low on fuel. Fires from nearby Yahata saved the city due to being obstructed and orders were to do visual only bombing.
You were right about most things except the "polished metal skin" being unique. All B-29s had "polished metal skin" and Tailgunner T/SGT George R. Caron would take exception to there not being "any defensive guns" on the Silverplate B-29 Enola Gay. But other than that.....
Great video, but I wish he had discussed more about those polonium initiators. How does that trigger the nuclear reactions? Thank you for the internal details and explanations.
The initiators were made of polonium-210 and beryllium-9. Polonium emits a constant stream of alpha particles. When an alpha particle strikes a beryllium atom it causes the beryllium to emit a neutron. The initiator for the two atomic bombs was called "The Urchin." It had a small pellet of beryllium in the center, surrounded by a shell of layers of polonium and beryllium. The beryllium was shielded from the polonium by either nickel or gold plating or foils. When the initiator was crushed it mixed the beryllium with the polonium causing a shower of neutrons to start the chain reaction. This is important as the fission reaction automatically stops when it reaches 1.12 times the radius of the mass when the reaction started. The more U235 atoms that fission simultaneously when the reaction begins, the larger the final yield.
@@Aitelly it was very much necessary. The gun bombs had a major weakness. Premature initiation. The chain reaction only takes about 100 ns to initiate. Once started the projectile will never reach the Polonium, thus the bomb yield will be low (dirty bomb), and Hiroshima would probably be uninhabitable today. So they made the decision lower the mass of the leading rings, save one. Thus they needed to make sure to artificially stimulate the initiation to reaction with Polonium-210. The bomb would work without the Polonium, but they built-in safeguards to make sure.
They have much worse now. To give you a taste, the 🇺🇸 has a ballistic missile. In the tip of each Missile there are 12 Nuclear missiles. Each containing 1.5 Megatons of plutonium. Each bomb can fly independently when launched & coordinates changed while flying. That's just one missile. Our subs (12) of them Have 18 ports! 😳 That's 216 NUCLEAR BOMBS 💣 on one sub. That's 2592 Nuclear warheads. Placed strategically around the World 🌎. 3,000 BIG Ballistic missiles (150 Megaton) throughout the 🇺🇸. I call them Earth enders because only 100 of those are needed to end all life on Earth 🌎. Russia has around 6,000 Nukes. 😳 Enjoy life because it can end in an instant.
Let's hope pacifists like yourself realize that the dropping of these two bombs actually saved MILLIONS of lives. Please get off this ridiculous soapbox and learn the facts of this horribly bloody war, which would have seen more than five million Japanese casualties had we invaded, before spouting off infantile comments.
They could have just dropped it On the mountains or on a less populated area, This Could still illustrate how powerful the bomb is to the emperor without doing any harm to humans.
@@BillyCharlyEmy The bombing of Hiroshima was on August 6. The US told Japan to surrender or they will drop more. Japan refused to surrender. The bombing of Nagasaki was on August 9. The US told Japan again to surrender or they will drop more. The Japanese cabinet debated surrender for several days. There was even an attempted coup d'état in Japan on August 12-15 to prevent the surrender. Japan finally surrendered on August 15. Understand that the mindset of WWII was completely different than today. Japan was convinced that they were superior, no matter what. It took 2 cities to be flattened to convince Japan to surrender. If the coup d'état had been successful, Japan would not have surrendered. A third bomb would have been dropped on August 19.
@@charliefoxtrot5001 you dont understand my point, the first one on a plot of land with nobody, then the second one on a city and on and on til they surrender...
@@BillyCharlyEmy Oh, I fully understand your point. A demonstration of the weapon on uninhabited land was discussed before the first was dropped on Hiroshima. The problem is that they only had 3 bombs! If would have taken another month to produce a 4th. One or two of the 3 they had also could have been a dud. There also was the practical issue of showing the devastating effects of the bomb on uninhabited land. No buildings destroyed, etc. Understand that the bombing of Tokyo on March 10 alone killed an estimated 100,000 civilians, yet Japan didn't surrender after that. It is hard to comprehend in today's mindset, but WWII was an utter slaughter. Japan, Germany, and Italy were driven by fanatic ideology that does not subscribe to rational thought.
I thought the same thing. If you look, there's a typo in the text at the same time the speaker misspeaks. I think they must feed the script into a text-to-speech engine to generate the audio and the typo messed it up. Amazing video regardless.
Great animation! You could have explained how those protons ejected during the fissile process had to hit other nuclei to create the chain reaction. One of the problems The Manhattan Project had to solve involved the reduction of free protons unable to hit further nuclei. Also, it would have been informative to mention the 77,000 generations of fission that take place in a super-critical mass, of which only the last 11 are the flash and heat of the expolsive force. Other than these minor comments, a great job! Given that the world is so close to nuclear war at the moment, it would have been beneficial to look at the Japanese survivors and their horrific wounds and illnesses. Please remember that these bombs are minuscule compared to the fusion weapons of today!
Two Corrections: 1) Enola Gay was stripped of most of her defensive guns to save weight. 2) The engines on an airplane are numbered from Left to Right starting at the *PILOT'S* left (or Port) side.
Great animation! Overall very good. Just a couple of possible corrections (according to what I have read in other sources, particularly Richard Rhodes' book The Making of the Atomic Bomb). The barometric switch closed at about 8000 ft (2440m) and brought the Archie radar altimeter units on-line. There were four radar altimeter units, and any two of them sensing the proper altitude for detonation (1900 ft, or 580m) would fire the bomb The polonium initiators were not strictly necessary (the spontaneous fission rate of U-235 should have been sufficient to start the chain reaction when a supercritical mass had been assembled), but Oppenheimer supposedly added them at the last minute to hedge his bets. The B-29s used for the atomic strikes were not standard-issue aircraft, they had been modified to the so-called Silverplate specification which, among other things, removed defensive armament except for the tail guns. But these are minor details in an otherwise excellent presentation.
Thank you for creating such wonderful educational animations. It is hard to find good quality like this! +1 sub from me, please keep up the great work guys :)
Pretty much as they taught us in nuclear weapon school. Of course some stuff changed, but gun type weapons were still in the inventory until the early 90s. Later, for artillery rounds, the target rings were replaced by a solid piece, the projectile rings were modified so you could select the yield you wanted. I had an exciting experience when, while building a yield, I lost grip of a target ring (they are super heavy) and it slammed onto another ring. Ooooo, what a flash and spark.
There were at least 2 cases of an accidental reaction in the labs after ww2. Google "tickling the dragon's tail" or something like that. They had some "cowboy" nuclear physicists who were clowning around with plutonium and graphite and accidentally set off a couple of reactions which killed and maimed several researchers.
Were there failsafes and redundancies to ensure that the firing mechanism would go off and initiate the explosion? I imagine a worst case scenario from a military perspective would be literally delivering a fully completed nuclear weapon to Japan so they could reverse engineer it and build their own
That survived intact after a nearly 1 mile drop from the sky? Besides, Japan was on the ropes, lacking the ability to mount any offense at this point. This one bomb, even if miraculously functional couldn't have saved them.
@@daveagard1884 How so? They didn't have any delivery method. Their navy was done. Airforce ... done. The best they could have done is threatened to nuke their own soil so they we'd avoid exposure.
The animation is awesome. It's weird that there are misspellings of relatively simple words. That makes me question the attention to detail on the rest of the project. The AI narrator is excellent, but certainly not perfect. Fantastic job! I never knew exactly how this worked before.
I've always been fascinated with all things nuclear, and watching videos like this one gives a great look into nuclear bombs. The science that goes into it is astounding. Of course, let's hope we never have to use these bombs in the future.
Fun fact initially they were considering using the Avro Lancaster to drop the A-Bombs. But Tibbets and several others agreed that since the US will be dropping the bombs so it will be an American Bomber
No, the Lancaster was the back up plan because there were doubts the B-29 would be ready in time. They always wanted the B-29 to drop it but wanted to be sure they could drop on that date, so got a back up plan ready
Funner fact. The Lancaster didn't have the range, altitude, or speed to complete the misson - and no Lancaster crews were ever trained in handling, arming, and delivering an atomic bomb. The Lancaster was never seriously considered over the B29.
The Thin Man shells were unstable in airdrop tests. Many shells for the three designs were developed and the two used designs worked best. Thin Man was a gun type weapon that is rarely mentioned.
Thin Man was supposed to use plutonium but plutonium is too unstable and the nuclear chain reaction would have started prematurely, destroying the weapon without generating adequate yield, so they scrapped it in favor of the implosion design for plutonium and restricted the gun type design to use uranium only.
@@johnsimpson8043 The Thin man bomb cases were built, the test models dripped in a slightly nose down flat spin. They wouldn't fly... Interestingly both of the airdropped Fat Man weapons missed their targets by a mile-and-a-half. Both bombs, the Nagisaki bomb and the test Able bomb where dropped by bombsights set up by bombardier Kermit Beehan. After the Able miss the bomb case was modified to the Mk.4, the California parachute tail assembly was modified, and a drogue chute added. The Mk.4, the successor to Fat Man was accurized to under 800 yds.
One thing that is often overlooked in the debate over the A bomb is the casualties of the Tokyo fire raids where thousands of incendiary bombs were dropped which caused huge fire storms killing thousands of civilians. Much of the houses being made in the Japanese style of wood and paper.
Because the gun type was a simple project, although little effective, only about 1 KG of 65 KG of Uranium effectively start the chain reaction. The abandoned "Thin Ma"n was similar gun type, but require a high velocity "gun" and the Poloniun was subject to pre detonation, destroying the bomb before the effective explosion. When the Uranium became available in sufficient quantity they create the "Little boy". This type of bomb was to be abandoned, but issues with Poloniun production in 1946 lead to construction of dozen of "gun type" bombs as add hoc solution.
Slight correction here: The bomb wasn't "dropped" from the plane. It was thrown out of the bottom of the plane using inertia as the plane needed some time to get away before the bomb detonated. The plane dived then quickly pulled up and at the point it turned away the clamps were released throwing the bomb up and then away from the plane. The plane was already heading in the opposite direction by the time the bomb began dropping toward its target.
Horseshit. It was dropped Professor, get over it. You're talking about post war toss bombing by jet aircraft. The Norden bombsight required a steady level course and there was no "tossing" the Fat Man.
they were simple bomb drop by plane, and use gravity for the propulsion, for the explosion they used the fission, so basically one charge, the first bomb were around 4tonn... the actual bomb arent bomb they are long range missile, quite all the weight is for the propulsion, by example the french continental missile weight 54tonn, for 10warhead of 110kt each. but its only 1,4t of thermonuclear charge... and since its hydrogen bomb they use two explosion one for fission, one for fusion... if we look at missile short range less than 500km, on halftrack/tank, the missile weight less than 2,5tonn, for the warplane, they weight less than 1tonn
@@Aitelly He played a role in many socialist actions and even worked as a volunteer in the socialist party. There are many resources on the internet about this. He was declared a traitor about Soviet spying, and the person who gave the Soviets the recipe for the atomic bomb was called Oppenheimer. His ex-girlfriend was a communist party volunteer and his wife was a party leader. And His Brother was a true Communist
@@comraenn2699 No. The spy who gave the most bomb information to the Russians was Klaus Fuchs. Oppenheimer was never "declared a traitor." The best Lewis Strauss could do was get his security clearance revoked for conflicting information he gave to the FBI. Interestingly, Fuchs did critical work on the Manhattan Project especially work on the initiator and shares a patent with John von Neumann. Some of Fuchs' work can be found in the book, "Blast Wave" edited by Hans Bethe.
The B-29's development was so fraught with issues that the RAF were considered as an alternative way to drop the bomb using Lancaster bomber's. To increase there range they had to develop the technique of in flight refuelling. Luckily this was not required as Boeing got the superfortress into service in time. 🤔
almost. the B-29 came off the production line in Sept. 1942 and operations over Japan from mid-1944. many bombing flights over Japan and a few modifications made. the issue about Lancasters only arose due to the bulk of the atomic bombs . at 3+ meters long the positioning in the bomb bay of a standard B-29 would run into an internal support strut. so the B-29 Silver Plate was created to allow for the long size and other changes for the atomic back blast expected.
@@keizai1404 I had always wondered about that as the standard B-29 had twin bays. And the Atomic weapons were somewhat bulky. Strange how more modern ordnance is still largely based on Barnes Wallis Tallboy/Grand slam designs.
Please make an video about explaining radars • how it works •why old radars are curved and why new radars are flat •how do they find a target how it will know it's range ,the direction it's moving •what are the difference between x-band radars, L-band radars and vhf-band radars and how vhf-band radars can deduct stealth fighters and why x-band radars can't Literally how it's works please🙏🙏🙏 make it happen please🙏🙏
your question: •why old radars are curved and why new radars are flat "" this is about the display unit of the radar system. older radar displays were analog CRT tubes that were made with a curved surface so an electron "gun" at the back could shoot electronics that strike phosphors on the surface of the curved tube. newer displays: the introduction of digital displays made using flat sheets of glass reduced bulk and increased display resolution.
6:05 it's insane how an animal-creature called human could make all these things so high-precisely working in the exact ways and timing they wanted to. Already in the 1940s.. How much knowhow and engineering-precision went into all of this. And more strangely... it lead to such horrifing results.. As AiTelly is counting up the Steps of the mechanisms in the bomb, I am just thinking to myself "NO! Let it go wrong somewhere ..." Even when I know that all steps went flawless on this fateful day(s) ... Crazy how someone could invent these mechanism and not stoping somewhere to say "It's enough on the drawing board for today.." Everyone of us have a super-power-brain in our head.. Let's use it for something better.
Calm down. It's so easy to be righteous after the fact when you aren't facing an amphibious invasion of Japan. While clutching your pearls, consider that a bomb on the drawing board isn't going to end a war that someone else started. But you knew that.
0:08: 💣 The Enola Gay bomber dropped the uranium-235 bomb named Little Boy on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945. 4:43: 💣 The X document provides information about the B-29 Super Fortress and the basic steps of how the nuclear bomb works. 6:47: 💥 The process of launching a uranium projectile and initiating nuclear fission in a gun barrel. Recap by Tammy AI
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There wasn't machine guns. They were too heavy.
@@Thomas-41234 I saw in pearl harbour they put broom stick. Is it true
Manhattan is misspelled in the beginning. Other than that, cool video ☺️
Request : active protective system, active protective armor
I subscribe because of tank animation and now couldn't regret. 🥰
I taught physics for over 4 decades. Sure wish I had this type of animation. Well done.
We're Just amateur and Highly obliged to have you here in our small Channel
When I watch educational videos on here, especially animated stuff, I always wish it was available when I was in school still. There seems to be an endless supply of excellent videos that apply to any and all subjects and levels of each. I hope teachers and students are taking advantage of what's available to them whenever possible.
I'm an '82 and I understand your reasoning completely.
The animation makes it even more interesting, and gives a better scope.
Physics is very interesting.
Once you start reading you don't want to stop
I agree 100%. Growing up our teachers read from a book but there were a few good teachers that used better visual aids to help the students comprehend the material.
Now that I am 42 I am teaching myself so much that I "just didn't get" back in school. If social media was not destroying our kids and well... our minds too, we could really advance as a society.
Thank you for your service teaching. 🤝
The detonation process of these are overwhelming. The amount of time and brains it took to create is fascinating. How they used radio waves to read barometric pressure, and then activates the firing switch. And how it sets off a charge, it’s so brilliant.
This was not only informative but produced and animated in such a way that it was very easy to understand and absorb! Congratulations. A brilliant video!
correct! im using this in my powerpoint in class
The moral weight of this invention is immense. I just watched Oppenheimer and wanted to understand more about the invention itself. Thank you for providing clarity on how it works and why it was devastating.
what moral weight? what morals? this bomb killed so many people, what morals are you talking about?
What did you think of the movie?
@@TheStealthDawg it’s excellent
@@TheStealthDawg the movie was masterful.
Got enough inspiration, now make one !
The 3 green safety plugs were removed and replaced with red arming plugs once over the target area. This armed the weapon. The green plugs blocked the electrical path to the arming circuit, timer, barometric and radar triggers. This was a necessary safety feature as there were fears of possible detonation, either on take off or in flight. The plugs weren't removed on deployment. Great video though of a fascinating part of history.
300 m/s second is a fairly low speed for shooting the uranium rings into the uranium plug (wonder why not shoot the smaller plug into the rings?!). The faster they are shot together, the more complete the fission reaction thus more power yield. I read that only less than 5 percent of the total uranium actually went fissile in Little Boy, the rest was wasted. Fat Man had extremely high speed explosive lenses in the 8K m/second range for the fastest possible implosion.
@@billant2 The target area was surrounded by a neutron reflector. The firing of the bomb enclosed the uranium structure entirely in a reflective cylinder, with the cap being what pushed the hollow rings into the cylinder. Had the Hollow rings been placed there they would've been in chain reaction or dangerously close to such. As such the hollow section had to be what was added later
Are you an Art Bell fan,he loved his Ham. It's a dieing art. Most old Ham's could almost build the radio from scratch.
Ordnance arming circuitry always incorporates redundancy. If a connection is required between two points, two or more wires will be used, in case one breaks.
The “Little Boy” bomb could actually detonate with full yield on impact with the ground.
The electrical system was only required for airburst.
The bomb not being “drop safe” was why the fissile cylinder and explosives at the rear was only inserted once the aircraft was several hundred miles clear of Tinian and Siapan on route to Japan.
“Fat Man” wasn’t much better but would probably fizzle rather than deliver full yield if dropped or burned - but a 500 ton yield would still be a “bad day”. The Mk 4 that replaced the Fat Man Mk 3 was much better in that regard.
This is the best explanation I've seen with animation on the bomb. No one else explained the job of the Crical Mass like this.
Thank you very much!!!
Thanks
It is important to note, the Little Boy Bomb was never tested like the Fat Man Bomb which used Plutonium 239, whereas Little Boy used Uranium 235. Oppenheimer and his team were so confident in the Little Boy design it was never tested and it really wasn't proven until it was dropped on Hiroshima.
Made in the USA
Tested in Japan
The acknowledged difficulty with the Fat Man was the timing and relative strengths of all the charges for the implosion. For it to work correctly - ie not to end up with the core being spat out - the timing and strength of each charge had to be perfect. The development of all this consumed a lot of time, effort, and expenditure and there were doubts until the very end if it would work. The Trinity test proved that it did. The gun type was much simpler in concept and to manufacture.
All the weapons grade uranium made up to that point was used in the Little Boy. There wasn’t enough to make another bomb until later.
With respect little boy was exponentially less efficient. Also keep in mind that U-238 or plutonium does not naturally occur on earth or anywhere. It has to be made by enriching U-235 to an atomic weight of U-238. So in essence the natural progression to initiate a larger output of energy is implosion. Lucky for the physicists at los alamos someone was working on changing the the shockwaves of conventional explosives from concave to convex and thus changing the process of how they split the atom and more efficiently changed history.
A machined hollow sphere of approximately ten pounds of plutonium was compressed by hundreds of pounds of composition b which is now c-4/symtex. And boom. You get a little less than 200k lbs of tnt. What is really interesting is the incorporation of tritium and other elements and stryofoam that Teller figured out would give us the fusion bomb. Which I think Oppenheimer and the physicists at Los Alamos already knew about given the outcome of their math.
@@khb6686 A bit of clarification, uranium does occur in nature but most of it is U238 which can’t sustain a chain reaction. So factories at Oak Ridge worked to separate U235 from U238 leaving enriched uranium and depleted uranium.
The B-29s used on these mission had their upper and lower gun turrets removed to save weight and improve drag. The defensive guns we're needed at that point in the war since the Japanese didn't go after only three aircraft which they thought were recon or weather planes.
Thanks John for your great Feedback.
We love these type of Comments
.
The “Silverplate” B-29’s also had the aft bomb bay removed and the forward bomb bay length increased (to handle the longer atomic bombs (the very first had the front and rear bomb bays merged)).
The forward bomb bay was fitted with Lancaster “Grand Slam” bomb shackles (and dropped “Grand Slams” on practice missions over Japan (along with “Pumpkins” (impact fused non nuclear versions of the Fat Man bomb))).
The orange painted pumpkins acted as both practice weapons, blast bombs and security cover for the visually identical Fat Man bombs (yes, bombs plural - 15 were built before they were superseded by the Mk4 replacements in late 1946 (11 by the end of November 1945)).
@@allangibson8494 The only B29 built with a single set of bomb bay doors was made to do aerodynamic development of the "Thin Man" bomb casing. Thin Man was the original gun-type bomb designed for use with plutonium. The Thin Man bomb was 17 feet long which is why the modified B29 was needed. When the first reactor made plutonium became available it had Pu240 in it and a gun design would have caused a fizzle (pre-detonation). When the plutonium bomb design was changed to implosion, the single bomb door was not needed as both Little Boy and Fat Man would fit into the front bomb bay of a B29. The rear bomb bay was then used for carrying additional fuel extending the range of the airplane. None of the Silver Plate bombers used the single-door configuration, they had two sets of bomb bay doors. You can reference both “B29: The Superfortress,” by Carl Berger, and “Atom Bombs: The Top Secret Inside Story of Little Boy and Fat Man,” by John Coster-Mullen for this information.
@@buckhorncortez The forward bomb bay on all the Silverplate B-29’s was lengthened and reinforced. The bombing radar was moved slightly aft as a result. You need two side by side to see the difference between the standard and silverplate versions.
The aft bomb bay was deleted and, as you noted, used for additional fuel tankage leaving only the forward bomb doors operational.
Only the forward bomb bay could be used for bombs after modifications and the aft bomb bay fuel tank had to be carefully managed to maintain weight and balance.
I think this format for explaining technically difficult concepts is wonderful and should be used far more often!
It is. It can be overwhelming tho. The amount of physics and chemistry involved in this is mind blowing.
It's crazy we have the means to watch the basic mechanism of an atomic bomb. This information is classified maybe 90 or more years ago. Always beautiful presentation.
Yes agreed 👍
The Magnetron (type of radar that enabled the UK to survive the Blitz) was also a top-secret device during decades. Nowadays it's present in every microwave oven.
How the implosion device works still sort of classified. Just like how they exactly make and H bomb work. They will let you know the basics just not how to make one really work.
Yea I don't think they're too worried tbh. This technology is way outdated and even if you knew the exact firing mechanism (which this isn't the complete sequence), you'd still have to get your hands on highly enriched Uranium (HEU) and Plutonium which is not going to happen
Still hard to build
By the gods, aside from the worst that happened, that level of engineering was out of the time, amazing what a human brain can do. Great video.
@TheMaverickjc29 Thanks we love you guys!
It makes you wonder was WW2 really not that long ago or was this just really advanced for its time? The German V2 ballistic missile was another engineering marvel of that era.
@@waverunner7063 Both.
Failure was not an option for them. They had to get it right the first time.
@@waverunner7063 Also people forget that we didn't know how to make jet aircraft at the time, so thankfully the war ended when it did.
Finally.... someone on RUclips explains the Little Boy accurately!!! Not hemispheres smashing in to each other, nor projectile rings being inserted _into_ target rings or any other such nonsense. Excellent animations too, really enjoyed this.
Wow they should have got you to do the videos since you know so much!
@alaskaaksala123 Well, I'm no expert but with about 120 books on the subject, I do like to think I have a rough idea about these things 😁
Great animation. Could you do an animation on how a ww1 or ww2 torpedo works? I know it has to stay plugged in and cooled/heated and whatnot, but it’s very complicated.
Some one already did that.
Even Better than us
@@Aitelly vbbsmyt?
@@Aitelly
Funny, never stopped you before.
It's the whatnot that makes it complicated. If only we could be rid of that.
I am so busy in my work. But i haven't watched most of your vids and i will do it. Everyone should watch these 10-15 min video to get something informative instead of watching some songs and gaming videos.
Thanks for your business too
Good point. Now back to my prank videos and cute animal videos...
Great job, guys! One of the most informative videos about the original bombs that I’ve ever seen. 👍🏻
Parsons didn't pull the arming plugs. Parsons inserted the cordite explosive bags into the bomb. The safing (green plugs) were pulled by Morris Jeppson and replaced with red pull-out plugs.
Performed by Captain Deak Parsons
Checklist for loading charge in the plane with special breech plug
(After all D-3 tests are completed)
1. Check that green plugs are installed.
2. Remove rear plate.
3. Insert breech wrench in breech plug.
4. Unscrew breech plug, place on rubber pad.
5. Insert charge, 4 sections, red ends to breech.
6. Insert breech plug and tighten home.
7. Connect firing line.
8. Install armor plate.
9. Install rear plate.
10. Remove and secure the catwalk and tools.
The bomb was fully armed only after the green plugs had been removed and the red plugs inserted, by Electronic Test Officer Morris Jeppson
But I read somewhere he was the one who kept them as Soveniers.
I meant he volunteered to be on the plane as it was too risky to arm it on land
@@Aitelly The entire crew was chosen by Paul Tibbets for the mission. No one "volunteered" for the mission. Read, "War's End: An Eyewitness Account of America's Last Atomic Mission," by Charles W. Sweeney. Tibbets wanted a specific crew that he had total confidence could successfully complete the mission. -
I think Parsons actually cut himself on one of the precisely-machined parts of the bomb (stabilizers maybe). He was also the only one of the Enola Gay crew to have witnessed the Trinity detonation, so he knew what they, and Hiroshima were in store for.
@@buckhorncortez okay that's great infos
@@buckhorncortez his autobiography has been disputed by members of the command who were present on the missions and the training for the missions.
superfortess, kiluminers, kilomeers, fusaledge. I've never heard somebody pronounce so many large words correctly and so many others so terribly. Great video.
It got you and me to comment, which is the whole point of allowing mispronounced words in these videos.
User engament=more views=$$$
Wat are you avi worried about JUST WATCH N LEARN OR DONT
Outstanding video production. Your graphics are educational, easy to follow and great visual aids helping understanding. Your narration is superb. Really well done!
First video from you
I have seen, and im hooked! Great balanced explanations using the perfect timing and volume of technical insights that is wrapped up in fabulous visual effects which mirror that wider or closer perspective as needed.
You never miss a wave of hype... cheers mate 🥂
Cheers Sandman.
Just mind blowing video!! great work guys!! Wishing you best of luck❤️
This channel is getting so freaken good! Well done to all involved! Such good information and explained so well!
Awesome 👍 thanks
very informative and interesting video content... and thanks for including the metric conversion, very helpful to understand how the atomic bomb works....
@mheradiranto Thanks
the metric information helpful to the 96% of the world's population that use the metric system. the other 4% of the world, that is the U.S., sadly still requires the old feet, pound mile system.
Excellent and easy to understand production. I enjoyed it. Thank you.
Glad it was helpful!
This DIY project looks dope asf. Can't wait to try it at home
Great animation! It's amazing to me that they never tested this type of bomb because they didn't have enough enriched Uranium. They just presumed it would work. The trinity test, arguably the first nuclear bomb, used a plutonium/fat man type bomb. The first nuclear reactor was made several years earlier, and a few more were made to produce the plutonium. These reactors heated the Columbia river without producing electricity. It's hard to make a nuclear bomb that doesn't fizzle, blowing itself apart before the chain reaction has a chance to do much damage.
Thanks for your insights.
We love you guys.
Great Community here
They had way more assurances that the gun type weapon was going to work.
“Real men test in production”
- Stockton Rush
Ya, its amazing how BOTH of the bombs worked the first time and that NASA got men to the moon and back the first time too. I guess neccssity really is the mother of invention. Too bad it takes wars to make mankind do such amazing things. I wish as a species we were more proactive to do great things.
What reactor heated the Colorado River? There were no reactors anywhere near the Colorado River in 1944 or 1945. The first operational reactor built was CP-1 in Chicago - it had no cooling. The second reactor built was X-1 at Oakridge, TN and used air cooling. The reactors for plutonium production were water cooled, located at Hanford, WA and use the Columbia River for water cooling.
This video was AWESOME!!!!👏👏👏👏👏👏
Thanks!
Well done! A simple and clear explanation is accompanied by sharp, easy-to-understand pictures and animations.
A truly successful and very professional presentation.
Having read some of the comments below, I agree and praise this work even more strongly.
When I was having trouble with 3D Calculus, I saw some (primitive) videos that worked.
[This was back in the 70s.]
I wish I had had videos this clear and concise together with the dialogue. I probably would have gotten higher grades in Advanced Calculus.
AiTelly, what great animations ! Damn ! Loved my first video here, looking forward to more. Great work ❤️!
Thanks! we do this just for the love of engineering Vdeos
Amazing editing and great work keep it up!
Thanks a ton!
Amazing stuff! Glad I watched this before the movie.
😂🙏👍 Thanks 🙏👍
Keep up with relavent topics, can rack up millions of views
Thanks 🙏👍
This was fantastic! Thank you for simplifying the experience.
Thank you, I kind of know the physics behind this but I learned a lot more than what I had thought. A lot more steps than I realized. Very educational, comprehensive and extremely well done.
Thanks for sharing your thoughts on it.
Small error, it is a Superfortress not a Superfortess. I think it said correctly towards the end. Interesting note, the B-29s used were special Superfortresses called "Silver Plate" which were modified to carry the bomb.
Also, though not mentioned in the video but is a common mistake made by many, Trinity was not testing the viability of a nuclear bomb. They knew the Uranium Little Boy bomb would work and it was already 8in transit to Tinian before Trinity. Trinity was testing if the implosion plutonium device, Fat Boy, would work.
There are a number of other small errors, such as the spelling of Manhattan, and the pronunciation of fuselage and nuclei. These should be easy to correct and to repost if RUclips allows revisions.
@@InspiredByActualEvents and key-o-meters
@@BruceRhodewaltofLQ and pro-ject-al
Great job. are you using blender software?
incredible video, as always!
Nice video. The B29s used for this mission were built specially for the mission. Codename Silverplate B29s had a polished metal skin and did not have any defensive guns fitted.
Thnaks! i did not know that
I thought it had the top and rear guns, but not the lowers
@@TechDove actually just the rear gunner on both missions. Bock's Car had quite a predicament due to fighters being scrambled over Kukora and they were running low on fuel. Fires from nearby Yahata saved the city due to being obstructed and orders were to do visual only bombing.
I read that they devised a cover story that Silverplate was about modifying FDR and Churchill's car for a secret tour of the US. 😂
You were right about most things except the "polished metal skin" being unique. All B-29s had "polished metal skin" and Tailgunner T/SGT George R. Caron would take exception to there not being "any defensive guns" on the Silverplate B-29 Enola Gay. But other than that.....
Thank you! Outstanding work 👏💯🇹🇹
Google: building an atomic bomb is highly illegal.
Bing: Here is a step by step guide to building an atomic bomb
Don't worry, this design will not work, it's BS
Nicely explained! My only small objection is not mentioning and explaning critical mass of U-235 :)
We tried to be as Basic as possible.
for some reason if we try to explain in detail people Like simple videos
@@MightyGimp Yea, thats why the Barbie movie made so much money, all bubblegum.
Thanks for the video, so great work
This is so detailed thank you. Always wondered how nuclear works like the atom part
What an amazing timing of this. ❤❤it. When movie is around
Yes we planned this 2 months ago
Ευχαριστούμε!
Thanks for supporting small creators like us.
Socrates ❤️🙏👍
B29 must've been staggeringly advanced for it's day. Such a cool plane.
It's all American ingenuity at it's finest. Truly remarkable - the planes, the bombs, just astounding.
the b-29 and the bomb were the two most expensive weapon systems of the war@@Kimber123 both stolen by the russians
Great video, but I wish he had discussed more about those polonium initiators. How does that trigger the nuclear reactions? Thank you for the internal details and explanations.
It was unnecessary I read somewhere
The polonium initiators were used to increase the amount of neutrons available for fission, helping to ensure a chain reaction.
The initiators were made of polonium-210 and beryllium-9. Polonium emits a constant stream of alpha particles. When an alpha particle strikes a beryllium atom it causes the beryllium to emit a neutron. The initiator for the two atomic bombs was called "The Urchin." It had a small pellet of beryllium in the center, surrounded by a shell of layers of polonium and beryllium. The beryllium was shielded from the polonium by either nickel or gold plating or foils. When the initiator was crushed it mixed the beryllium with the polonium causing a shower of neutrons to start the chain reaction. This is important as the fission reaction automatically stops when it reaches 1.12 times the radius of the mass when the reaction started. The more U235 atoms that fission simultaneously when the reaction begins, the larger the final yield.
@@Aitelly it was very much necessary. The gun bombs had a major weakness. Premature initiation. The chain reaction only takes about 100 ns to initiate. Once started the projectile will never reach the Polonium, thus the bomb yield will be low (dirty bomb), and Hiroshima would probably be uninhabitable today. So they made the decision lower the mass of the leading rings, save one. Thus they needed to make sure to artificially stimulate the initiation to reaction with Polonium-210. The bomb would work without the Polonium, but they built-in safeguards to make sure.
@@JackHudlerI guess everyone knows how to build a nuke now
The fact that much power and destruction can exist in such a small object is terrifying.
They have much worse now. To give you a taste, the 🇺🇸 has a ballistic missile. In the tip of each Missile there are 12 Nuclear missiles. Each containing 1.5 Megatons of plutonium. Each bomb can fly independently when launched & coordinates changed while flying. That's just one missile. Our subs (12) of them
Have 18 ports! 😳
That's 216 NUCLEAR BOMBS 💣 on one sub. That's 2592 Nuclear warheads. Placed strategically around the World 🌎. 3,000 BIG Ballistic missiles (150 Megaton) throughout the 🇺🇸. I call them Earth enders because only 100 of those are needed to end all life on Earth 🌎.
Russia has around 6,000 Nukes. 😳 Enjoy life because it can end in an instant.
E=MC². The entire universe was fused this way. Everything physical, including our own bodies, has enormous potential energy stored up.
@@Rich-yj4ub the modern consuses is now that humanity would not be extinct by global nuclear war.
Fantastic animation and factual breakdown of this terrifying event. Lets hope we learn from this and avoid reaching for nuclear weapons.
just needed to tip the bomb nose down. Looked weird with it falling flat.
Let's hope pacifists like yourself realize that the dropping of these two bombs actually saved MILLIONS of lives. Please get off this ridiculous soapbox and learn the facts of this horribly bloody war, which would have seen more than five million Japanese casualties had we invaded, before spouting off infantile comments.
Thanks!
Thanks @dancorjulo for your Support will always remember your kindness 🙏👍
They could have just dropped it On the mountains or on a less populated area, This Could still illustrate how powerful the bomb is to the emperor without doing any harm to humans.
Japan didn't surrender after the first one was dropped. 🤷
@@charliefoxtrot5001 the you drop the second one on a city
@@BillyCharlyEmy The bombing of Hiroshima was on August 6. The US told Japan to surrender or they will drop more. Japan refused to surrender. The bombing of Nagasaki was on August 9. The US told Japan again to surrender or they will drop more. The Japanese cabinet debated surrender for several days. There was even an attempted coup d'état in Japan on August 12-15 to prevent the surrender. Japan finally surrendered on August 15.
Understand that the mindset of WWII was completely different than today. Japan was convinced that they were superior, no matter what. It took 2 cities to be flattened to convince Japan to surrender. If the coup d'état had been successful, Japan would not have surrendered. A third bomb would have been dropped on August 19.
@@charliefoxtrot5001 you dont understand my point, the first one on a plot of land with nobody, then the second one on a city and on and on til they surrender...
@@BillyCharlyEmy Oh, I fully understand your point. A demonstration of the weapon on uninhabited land was discussed before the first was dropped on Hiroshima.
The problem is that they only had 3 bombs! If would have taken another month to produce a 4th. One or two of the 3 they had also could have been a dud. There also was the practical issue of showing the devastating effects of the bomb on uninhabited land. No buildings destroyed, etc.
Understand that the bombing of Tokyo on March 10 alone killed an estimated 100,000 civilians, yet Japan didn't surrender after that. It is hard to comprehend in today's mindset, but WWII was an utter slaughter. Japan, Germany, and Italy were driven by fanatic ideology that does not subscribe to rational thought.
Great video. My only gripe is The B-29 is known as the "Super-Fortress"....not Fortess.
I thought the same thing. If you look, there's a typo in the text at the same time the speaker misspeaks. I think they must feed the script into a text-to-speech engine to generate the audio and the typo messed it up. Amazing video regardless.
That would explain some of the weird pronunciations. "Fuselage" and several different "kilometers"
Very intuitive. Nicely done animation. The world needs you guys!
👍
Great animation! You could have explained how those protons ejected during the fissile process had to hit other nuclei to create the chain reaction. One of the problems The Manhattan Project had to solve involved the reduction of free protons unable to hit further nuclei. Also, it would have been informative to mention the 77,000 generations of fission that take place in a super-critical mass, of which only the last 11 are the flash and heat of the expolsive force. Other than these minor comments, a great job!
Given that the world is so close to nuclear war at the moment, it would have been beneficial to look at the Japanese survivors and their horrific wounds and illnesses. Please remember that these bombs are minuscule compared to the fusion weapons of today!
I recall reading somewhere that scientists evaluating the explosion believe that approximately only 10% of the fissile material went critical.
Two Corrections:
1) Enola Gay was stripped of most of her defensive guns to save weight.
2) The engines on an airplane are numbered from Left to Right starting at the *PILOT'S* left (or Port) side.
Thanks for the Feedback!
I saw in pearlharbour they kept broom sticks
Best animated video on how atomic bomb works , really appreciate your work guys
Great animation! Overall very good. Just a couple of possible corrections (according to what I have read in other sources, particularly Richard Rhodes' book The Making of the Atomic Bomb). The barometric switch closed at about 8000 ft (2440m) and brought the Archie radar altimeter units on-line. There were four radar altimeter units, and any two of them sensing the proper altitude for detonation (1900 ft, or 580m) would fire the bomb The polonium initiators were not strictly necessary (the spontaneous fission rate of U-235 should have been sufficient to start the chain reaction when a supercritical mass had been assembled), but Oppenheimer supposedly added them at the last minute to hedge his bets. The B-29s used for the atomic strikes were not standard-issue aircraft, they had been modified to the so-called Silverplate specification which, among other things, removed defensive armament except for the tail guns. But these are minor details in an otherwise excellent presentation.
Thank you for creating such wonderful educational animations. It is hard to find good quality like this! +1 sub from me, please keep up the great work guys :)
Really interesting and well put together info. Thankyou guys! Subbed!
Awesome 👍🏻
Pretty much as they taught us in nuclear weapon school. Of course some stuff changed, but gun type weapons were still in the inventory until the early 90s.
Later, for artillery rounds, the target rings were replaced by a solid piece, the projectile rings were modified so you could select the yield you wanted.
I had an exciting experience when, while building a yield, I lost grip of a target ring (they are super heavy) and it slammed onto another ring. Ooooo, what a flash and spark.
No criticality incident?!
Micro-burst. Insufficient contact area for anything to be sustained as it was the corner of one ring slamming the flat surface of another.
There were at least 2 cases of an accidental reaction in the labs after ww2. Google "tickling the dragon's tail" or something like that. They had some "cowboy" nuclear physicists who were clowning around with plutonium and graphite and accidentally set off a couple of reactions which killed and maimed several researchers.
@sinebar It was rather spectacular, but not sustained. Just that burst, flying sparks, a bit of smoke. It was a nice wake-up call.
Stunning animation and elaboration that made the entire event understandable like never before.
Long life to the channel! Very cool animations indeed.
thanks we love guys
Excellent, but I feel compelled to point out that "square kilometers" is not a measure of radius.
Ok got it Thanks for the fedbacks
Were there failsafes and redundancies to ensure that the firing mechanism would go off and initiate the explosion? I imagine a worst case scenario from a military perspective would be literally delivering a fully completed nuclear weapon to Japan so they could reverse engineer it and build their own
That survived intact after a nearly 1 mile drop from the sky? Besides, Japan was on the ropes, lacking the ability to mount any offense at this point. This one bomb, even if miraculously functional couldn't have saved them.
@@Rob774Im pretty sure a nuke would’ve saved them
@@daveagard1884 How so? They didn't have any delivery method. Their navy was done. Airforce ... done. The best they could have done is threatened to nuke their own soil so they we'd avoid exposure.
The animation is awesome. It's weird that there are misspellings of relatively simple words. That makes me question the attention to detail on the rest of the project. The AI narrator is excellent, but certainly not perfect. Fantastic job! I never knew exactly how this worked before.
I've always been fascinated with all things nuclear, and watching videos like this one gives a great look into nuclear bombs. The science that goes into it is astounding.
Of course, let's hope we never have to use these bombs in the future.
Fun fact initially they were considering using the Avro Lancaster to drop the A-Bombs. But Tibbets and several others agreed that since the US will be dropping the bombs so it will be an American Bomber
No, the Lancaster was the back up plan because there were doubts the B-29 would be ready in time. They always wanted the B-29 to drop it but wanted to be sure they could drop on that date, so got a back up plan ready
Funner fact. The Lancaster didn't have the range, altitude, or speed to complete the misson - and no Lancaster crews were ever trained in handling, arming, and delivering an atomic bomb. The Lancaster was never seriously considered over the B29.
Somebody get this man a show or something. Great video and was kinda bummed it was so short lol. Had my attention the whole time
3:13 Dirty minded? Congratulations youre not alone 💀
X2
1900s: Our hero!
2022: OmG ThAts OfFenSiVe HE mAdE a NuClEAR BomB
2023: Sigma 🗿🗿
Will you make a video about fatman bomb?
Yes Definitely
The Thin Man shells were unstable in airdrop tests. Many shells for the three designs were developed and the two used designs worked best. Thin Man was a gun type weapon that is rarely mentioned.
Thin Man was supposed to use plutonium but plutonium is too unstable and the nuclear chain reaction would have started prematurely, destroying the weapon without generating adequate yield, so they scrapped it in favor of the implosion design for plutonium and restricted the gun type design to use uranium only.
Thin Man was never built
@@johnsimpson8043 The Thin man bomb cases were built, the test models dripped in a slightly nose down flat spin. They wouldn't fly... Interestingly both of the airdropped Fat Man weapons missed their targets by a mile-and-a-half. Both bombs, the Nagisaki bomb and the test Able bomb where dropped by bombsights set up by bombardier Kermit Beehan. After the Able miss the bomb case was modified to the Mk.4, the California parachute tail assembly was modified, and a drogue chute added. The Mk.4, the successor to Fat Man was accurized to under 800 yds.
*dropped*
Thanks for this wonderful explanation. I finally understand how atomic bombs work now ❤.
no you don't..
One thing that is often overlooked in the debate over the A bomb is the casualties of the Tokyo fire raids where thousands of incendiary bombs were dropped which caused huge fire storms killing thousands of civilians. Much of the houses being made in the Japanese style of wood and paper.
Riiiight
The gun type was never even tested , the first drop was the test.
Yes
Because the gun type was a simple project, although little effective, only about 1 KG of 65 KG of Uranium effectively start the chain reaction.
The abandoned "Thin Ma"n was similar gun type, but require a high velocity "gun" and the Poloniun was subject to pre detonation, destroying the bomb before the effective explosion. When the Uranium became available in sufficient quantity they create the "Little boy".
This type of bomb was to be abandoned, but issues with Poloniun production in 1946 lead to construction of dozen of "gun type" bombs as add hoc solution.
I just want to say, thank you for providing both the imperial and metric systems.
Your welcome
japan watched Oppenheimer 3d 2 times 💀💀💀💀
History and Engineering needs to be told
@Aitelly people would do that multiple times in ww3
Slight correction here: The bomb wasn't "dropped" from the plane. It was thrown out of the bottom of the plane using inertia as the plane needed some time to get away before the bomb detonated. The plane dived then quickly pulled up and at the point it turned away the clamps were released throwing the bomb up and then away from the plane. The plane was already heading in the opposite direction by the time the bomb began dropping toward its target.
Horseshit. It was dropped Professor, get over it. You're talking about post war toss bombing by jet aircraft. The Norden bombsight required a steady level course and there was no "tossing" the Fat Man.
Amazing work with the video , applause
I should make one of those for home defense!
😂👍
The Constitution gives you the right to every day carry one of these.
Robo voice mispronounces everything
Gonna take our jobs anytime now though, I guess unless your job involves speaking.
@@The_10th_Man imagine losing your job to a mispronounces voice AI
What? It's a robo voice? I really thought this one was real
@@TheOpacue they just copy text to a voice reader. Computer
I noticed it kept mispronouncing the word "fuselage" by not saying it with the "L" in it.
You got my subscription! This info video is the best I've ever seen hands down. Great job!
People should know these 2 bombs are TINY compared to ones available to us now. We went from kilotons now to megatons. 😊
they were simple bomb drop by plane, and use gravity for the propulsion, for the explosion they used the fission, so basically one charge, the first bomb were around 4tonn...
the actual bomb arent bomb they are long range missile, quite all the weight is for the propulsion, by example the french continental missile weight 54tonn, for 10warhead of 110kt each. but its only 1,4t of thermonuclear charge... and since its hydrogen bomb they use two explosion one for fission, one for fusion...
if we look at missile short range less than 500km, on halftrack/tank, the missile weight less than 2,5tonn, for the warplane, they weight less than 1tonn
the gadget was the first bomb not little boy or fat man
First one to be used in WW2
@@Aitelly change the title then
@@Jamesdavey358 Welcome to RUclips Hustle and SEOs 🙏
@@Aitelly what
Amazing Video, EXPLAINED Visually!
Comrade Oppenheimer 🚩
Was he a comrade
@@Aitelly He played a role in many socialist actions and even worked as a volunteer in the socialist party. There are many resources on the internet about this. He was declared a traitor about Soviet spying, and the person who gave the Soviets the recipe for the atomic bomb was called Oppenheimer. His ex-girlfriend was a communist party volunteer and his wife was a party leader. And His Brother was a true Communist
@@comraenn2699 No. The spy who gave the most bomb information to the Russians was Klaus Fuchs. Oppenheimer was never "declared a traitor." The best Lewis Strauss could do was get his security clearance revoked for conflicting information he gave to the FBI. Interestingly, Fuchs did critical work on the Manhattan Project especially work on the initiator and shares a patent with John von Neumann. Some of Fuchs' work can be found in the book, "Blast Wave" edited by Hans Bethe.
The B-29's development was so fraught with issues that the RAF were considered as an alternative way to drop the bomb using Lancaster bomber's. To increase there range they had to develop the technique of in flight refuelling. Luckily this was not required as Boeing got the superfortress into service in time. 🤔
Thanks for your feedback
Look up the Battle of Kansas. Production issues were constantly at the foreground for the B-29.
almost. the B-29 came off the production line in Sept. 1942 and operations over Japan from mid-1944. many bombing flights over Japan and a few modifications made. the issue about Lancasters only arose due to the bulk of the atomic bombs . at 3+ meters long the positioning in the bomb bay of a standard B-29 would run into an internal support strut. so the B-29 Silver Plate was created to allow for the long size and other changes for the atomic back blast expected.
@@keizai1404 I had always wondered about that as the standard B-29 had twin bays. And the Atomic weapons were somewhat bulky. Strange how more modern ordnance is still largely based on Barnes Wallis Tallboy/Grand slam designs.
Outstanding. Well done in an easily understandable format accompanied by great graphics.
Please make an video about explaining radars
• how it works
•why old radars are curved and why new radars are flat
•how do they find a target how it will know it's range ,the direction it's moving
•what are the difference between x-band radars, L-band radars and vhf-band radars and how vhf-band radars can deduct stealth fighters and why x-band radars can't
Literally how it's works please🙏🙏🙏 make it happen please🙏🙏
your question:
•why old radars are curved and why new radars are flat "" this is about the display unit of the radar system. older radar displays were analog CRT tubes that were made with a curved surface so an electron "gun" at the back could shoot electronics that strike phosphors on the surface of the curved tube. newer displays: the introduction of digital displays made using flat sheets of glass reduced bulk and increased display resolution.
as Germans say: Gut gemacht!
Loved the whole video, but have like to see the blast comparison of fatman and lil boy in split screen. Cheers guys, keep up the good work.
6:05 it's insane how an animal-creature called human could make all these things so high-precisely working in the exact ways and timing they wanted to. Already in the 1940s.. How much knowhow and engineering-precision went into all of this. And more strangely... it lead to such horrifing results..
As AiTelly is counting up the Steps of the mechanisms in the bomb, I am just thinking to myself "NO! Let it go wrong somewhere ..." Even when I know that all steps went flawless on this fateful day(s) ... Crazy how someone could invent these mechanism and not stoping somewhere to say "It's enough on the drawing board for today.."
Everyone of us have a super-power-brain in our head.. Let's use it for something better.
We don't agree with the killing and destruction part but I guess history needs to be told not to suppress
The unfortunate reality is that destructive forces have to be manufactured to stop other destructive forces from being used. M.A.D, not insane.
Calm down. It's so easy to be righteous after the fact when you aren't facing an amphibious invasion of Japan. While clutching your pearls, consider that a bomb on the drawing board isn't going to end a war that someone else started. But you knew that.
7:51 - Just FYI - 0.36 sq km is not a diameter.... it's a measurement of area.
Narrator also says “Superfortess” and not “Superfortress” while the text says “Superfortess” so I don’t think they spent a lot of time on editing.
Fascinating. Never understood how these worked. Great video.
This video is bomb!
:)
Great Presentation, Understandable Explaination, beutiful animation and a TERRIFIC EXPLOSION.
Wonderful explanation. Thank you for your brilliant presentation.
Thanks for making these. VERY interesting. More please!
0:08: 💣 The Enola Gay bomber dropped the uranium-235 bomb named Little Boy on Hiroshima, Japan on August 6, 1945.
4:43: 💣 The X document provides information about the B-29 Super Fortress and the basic steps of how the nuclear bomb works.
6:47: 💥 The process of launching a uranium projectile and initiating nuclear fission in a gun barrel.
Recap by Tammy AI