Language Pathways and Aphasia, Animation
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- Опубликовано: 21 окт 2024
- (USMLE topics) Speech centers in the brain, neural pathways of language comprehension and production, Wernicke’s and Broca’s aphasia.
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The ability to understand language and produce speech is associated with several areas of the cerebral cortex. Basically, spoken language is first perceived in the auditory cortex, while written text, or sign language, is processed in the visual cortex. This information is then sent to the Wernicke’s area, in the temporal lobe, where it is matched against the person’s vocabulary stored in the memory. This is where meaning is assigned to words and language comprehension is achieved. The signals are then transmitted via a bundle of nerve fibers, known as the arcuate fasciculus, to Broca’s area in the frontal lobe. Broca’s area is responsible for production of speech. Output from Broca’s area goes to the motor cortex which controls muscle movements necessary for speech.
A language disorder caused by brain damage is called aphasia. Lesions in the Wernicke’s area cause sensory, or receptive, aphasia. Wernicke’s aphasics have trouble understanding language, whether it is spoken or written, but have NO motor problems. They can speak at a fluent pace but their speech is often INcoherent. It can be described as a strange mixture of words that may sound like complete sentences but makes no sense and has nothing to do with the subject of conversation.
Patients with lesions in the Broca’s area, on the other hand, CAN understand language, but have difficulties speaking. They talk slowly, searching for words, forming INcomplete sentences with poor syntax, but usually manage to say important words to get their message across.
In the early days, research of language pathways was based mainly on studying patients who had a specific language deficit that could be associated with a specific brain damage. Nowadays, advanced brain imaging techniques allow mapping, in real time, the areas of the brain that are activated when a person carries on a specific task. Thanks to these techniques, a THIRD area is found to be essential for language comprehension: the inferior parietal lobule. This lobule is not only connected to both Wernicke’s and Broca’s, but also to the auditory, visual, and somatosensory cortical areas. The inferior parietal lobule is therefore perfectly wired to perform a multimodal, complex synthesis of information; it can process and connect different word elements such as the sound of the word with the look and feel of the object.
The languages centers are usually located in ONLY ONE hemisphere - the “dominant” hemisphere of the brain, which is the LEFT side in RIGHT-handed people. The corresponding areas in the right hemisphere are responsible for the emotional aspect of language. Lesions in the right hemisphere do NOT affect speech comprehension or formation but result in emotionless speech and inability to understand the emotion behind the speech such as sarcasm or a joke. The right hemisphere may also develop to take over the MAIN language functions if the left side is damaged in early childhood. This phenomenon is known as neuroplasticity.
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wow. that was phenomenal.
For anyone wondering, in cognitive neuroscience this would be a double dissociation as an area (X) is impairing function (Y), while simultaneously somewhere else, an area (Y) is impairing function (X). A double dissociation is often best explained by comparing Broca's aphasia and Wernicke's Aphasia.
Really enjoyed for the first time this difficult topic
You should make an updated video with Dual-stream model
Please do one on the split brain (the severing of the corpus callosum) and how the pathways of the visual sensory input are affected. 🙏
Thank you this video was a very useful for me ❤
I have the "Neural plasticity" in my brain, Do to an A.V.M blockedge of blood flow in my brain 🧠
So When it popped from a stroke, the brain tissue I had lost was never even used for anything.😅👌🏽
The reader sounds like an AI synthesizer! Very accurate reading.
So well done. Will help explaining to othets when required. This is real contribution and goes a long way.
WOWWW thank you so much fore explaining this topic so clear and easy to understand!
Wer u from
I fell down a flight of steps,hitting a concrete wall and was knocked unconscious at 10 months old. I was knocked unconscious again at 7 years old when I was struck by a car. I’m 81 right now and just realized I have a form of Aphasia 7 years ago. I have a blank spot with words I’m using verbally and especially written. If I’m trying to use a word, I can’t remember it, unless I stop and keep thinking of the word till it comes to me. It gets frustrating when I have to change from the word I wanted to something else to finish my thought.
I'm 27 and I can relate to some of what you shared. I've been hit in the head too many times to count and have been under extreme situations that may have had an effect on my brain as well.
Although I know people can be born with certain brain issues, I'm pretty certain I've obtained many issues through different types of injuries/circumstances I've experienced in life. Language is especially difficult for me in more ways than I can describe. Hence why I found this video to try and understand haha.
I was once tested for a whole assortment of things. One of the tests was where the examiner read a few sentences of a short story and then asked me questions about it (also what I could recall overall). I couldn't recall anything about it to save my life!! Very frustrating and embarrassing ha. Maybe a few random words but that was it.
He gave me a picture of lines and shapes, took it away, and asked me to draw on blank paper what I remembered and I copied it very well! So I know it's not images I struggle with but with words and language.
Very fascinating stuff!
@@arricatopian
Memory is located in the Left Temporal Lobe which is by your left ear and going to the back of the brain. I hit that area in 2022 and lost my short and long term memory for almost 4 months. It’s also where Dementia and Alzheimer is located. Have you ever been hit there? I couldn’t even remember who I was for months. Thank you for sharing.
So nice and amazing explanation.
very on point, thank you!
awesome .......the video explains very well
fantastic explanation. and please explain stutering speech in a vedio like this.thank you very much.
Very clear..👍👏
Thank you so much
Scientific and helpful
Amazing. Keep doing. 💕
thank you
Very clear, amazing job
What do words look like in the brain? How do I find the words so fast to speak or think?
3:04 that was eerie af
I have also this problem 😭 , very difficult to speak and my throat doesn't work when I need to speak.
This means left handed people have right dominant hemisphere and their left hemisphere is affected during their childhood ?
No. Analogy: rain makes the roads wet, but wet roads are not always caused by rain.
5 days ago my relative got injury in brain. Now their is no speech. Patient understand all languages written or spoken but can't speak. The clot in brain been dissolved through medicine.
Can Patient Recover, We all are worried 😭
I hope so dude 🥺🤞🏽
The first 3 months after mine, I thought I could talk but the only thing i had coming out was gibberish to them.
So I had to act like I was playing a game of sherades with them, showing hand signs and drawing pictures🤦🏽♂️
How is he now
🙏🏾🙏🏾🙏🏾
Please make a video on Immune System
May I ask what angular gyrus is?
Make one on LTD
Excellent
I thank the good Lord each and everyday day for giving me the gift to be a Home Health Aide and work with different disabilities.
Great job ❤
My speech communication language disorders
Because my broca area is born not working
Will someone with this even be able to watch the video
Yeah
Yes, there are different types of aphasia.
best video.
amazing
My Brain Short Time Memory Loss...But "Wernick,s Area" Problem in my Brain .. Plz Help Full Tips .... Breathing Exercise Practice Not Success Stammering . My Brain language pathways & Aphasia ..Plz Help ...
i have this rn😭
I got an TBI and after that, I can't speak later
Please,post subtitle in English
It's there, just click on the "CC" button, it's an automatic but very accurate subtitle.
Vernicke's
perfect 👌
Wow
👌👌👌👌👌👌
2:10
bell pepper
💖✨🪄
Excellent👏