Beginner Electronics - 17 - Series and Parallel
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- Опубликовано: 1 май 2016
- We talk about two different types of circuits; series and parallel!
*DISCLAIMER - READ BEFORE WATCHING*
I am an electronics hobbyist; I do not have a degree in electrical engineering. This series MAY NOT teach all of the appropriate safety required for general electronics work. Any advice taken from this series should be checked with multiple sources, and a professional should be addressed to ensure proper safety.
See my website: codenmore.github.io/
Follow me on Twitter - @CodeNMore - / codenmore
Comment, PM, or Tweet me for help!
Teaching to understand all subjects to the fullest extent! 
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**DISCLAIMER - READ BEFORE WATCHING**
I am an electronics hobbyist; I do not have a degree in electrical engineering. This series MAY NOT teach all of the appropriate safety required for general electronics work. Any advice taken from this series should be checked with multiple sources, and a professional should be addressed to ensure proper safety.
Ok
Ok
If you remember the water analogy from the first episodes, Amps are the amount of water flowing, and Volts are the strength in which the water is moving.
In a serial circuit, since the battery is pushing the water with the same strength, whenever the water hits a bottleneck (a resistor), it would change the water's pressure. But the AMOUNT of water will still be the same, since water is constantly flowing.
If it is a parallel circuit, the bottlenecks don't overlap, so water can flow in all bottlenecks in the same time; thus the Amps are split differently among them. However, the same force is exerted by the battery on all three bottlenecks, they will have the same voltage.
Thank you, that helped me visualize better what is happening.
Noice
Thank you, am cutting and pasting this comment now!!
That was a really great way of explaining that
thanks dude
I'm going to write this in case it helps anyone else because I truly don't think I was taught how to add differing denominators at school (or I was sick that week or, y'know, I just plain forgot).
So this is how you get the result of 7/8 when you add 1/8 + 1/4 + 1/2. You want to make the denominator for each value to be the same, and you do this by making each numbers denomination the same as the highest denominator in your calculation (in this case it is the 8 from the 1/8).
So we now know that we want all of the numbers to have a denominator of 8, so how do we determine the number on top? I'll go through each of them one by one.
The calculation is 1/8 + 1/4 + 1/2.
1/8 already has a denominator of 8, so it remains as 1/8.
1/4 has a denominator of 4, which is 2 times smaller than 8, so multiply the top line (1) by 2, and the denominator (4) by 2. This gives you a result of (1x2)/(4x2) = 2/8.
1/2 has a denominator of 2, which is 4 times smaller than 8 so multiply the top line (1) by 4, and the denominator (2) by 4. This gives you a result of (1x4)/(2x4) = 4/8.
So this turns our calculation into 1/8 + 2/8 + 4/8 = 7/8.
I really hope this helped someone and I didn't type this for no reason.
Thanks so much for this I completely forgot about that rule and I was confused for the rest of the episode!
double_a_r_o_n man you're good. Thanks so much man.
Thank you, sir, for I am a stupid douchebag who forgot how fractions work.
double_a_r_o_n Helped me out for sure, thank you very much, man
What for school are you going to?
Thanks for the great series even 7 years later. I found it funny that before this video it was like 1 LED, 1 Switch, 1 resistor and then this video full of math 😂.
I could follow along but I need to write this down and practice. This is the kind of thing to easily understand in the video but when you are at the table with your components you’ll have no idea where to start calculating this stuff. Thanks again!
I spent an hour with a pan and paper, rewatched the some parts of the video million times and I feel like I start understanding the concept a little bit
I was struggling with the total resistance in the parallel circuit, but I think that's because of all the fractions. So for anyone that might be struggling with what he had:
1/Rtot = 1/8 + 1/4 + 1/2 = 7/8
Rtot = 8/7 ohms
I think it's far easier to understand if you use decimals instead. So the equation is:
1/Rtot = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
If we start with:
1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3
or
1/8 + 1/4 + 1/2
or
0.125 + 0.25 + 0.5 = 0.875
Next we look at the 1/Rtot part, which is basically taking the answer from the first bit and dividing into 1:
1 divided by 0.875 = 1.143 ohms
So the total resistance of the parallel component is 1.143 ohms (or 8/7 when expressed as a fraction)
Thank you!
Much better thank you!
Thanks so much This really helped me understand it!!
Yes much better, thank you
i think i'm gonna have to learn some maths i still cannot understand
I really wanted to make small arduino projects but didn't know anything about electronics, I'm so glad I found this series! Thank you
*Summary:*
- any electronic component has resistance (thus in a way is a resistor)
- parallel circuits offer multiple paths for electricity to travel through
- series circuits
- current is constant throughout the circuit (because electricity has only 1 path to go through)
- voltage can vary
- totalResistance = r1 + r2 ...
- as you add resistors (components), total current goes down (due to the inverse relationship between current and resistance)
- parallel circuit behave "opposite" to series circuits
- current differs but voltage is constant
- current differs because there are multiple paths the electricity can take, and it experiences different amount of resistance along these paths, thus the current along each path might be different
- voltage is constant (but I don't have an intuitive explanation of why this is so...so just memorize :D)
- 1/totalResistance = 1/r1 + 1/r2 ...
- notice as you add resistors (components), total current goes up!
- this is because when you add a resistor in parallel, you are adding yet another path for the electricity to travel through
- you can have a parallel circuit as a resistor in a series circuit
- think of the parallel circuit as just one big resistor
My roommate and I decided to pick up "Beginner Electronics" solely because he stumbled across this playlist. We are having fun bouncing ideas off of each other, and then I get to this episode... Sometimes I forget that the math isn't as hard as I make it out to be. Thank goodness for the explanations in the comments (as you mentioned they would help in the first video) giving me a bit of insight. I use to be used to using fractions in this manner for work, but given the context I found myself searching for a formula I thought to be missing from my repertoire. Glad the comments were here to humble me a bit. I'm loving the series, and we are both running out to buy starter electronics kits to properly follow along. Thank you for having taken the time to do this.
@12:01 you forgot the dots showing the wires are connected. :)
Ooh, thanks for the reminder, hah! I would have gone the whole series without remembering that I told you guys that!
No problem! Great videos btw. Thanks.
Any one here ever buy used electronics from amazon, you think it's worth it?
www.amazon.com/s/ref=s9_acss_bw_cts_whdms8_T3_w?_encoding=UTF8&bbn=10158976011&fst=as%3Aoff&ie=UTF8&qid=1464669521&rh=n%3A10158976011%2Cn%3A172282%2Cn%3A!493964%2Cn%3A541966&rnid=10158976011&pf_rd_m=ATVPDKIKX0DER&pf_rd_s=merchandised-search-8&pf_rd_r=CHS99GDP3D7JETQ0EGF7&pf_rd_t=101&pf_rd_p=faa7a681-aca6-4151-906c-c2d5d559a91d&pf_rd_i=10158976011
I've learned this and forgotten this about 10 times since 3rd grade. Sigh. Don't use it, you lose it.
We are learning! Lol
Electronics is a difficult subject to learn because electricity is strange, but videos like this can help.
🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Great video! I have taught basic and advanced electronics and I use slightly modifications on the parallel resistor formula but I love the fact that this contains the use of fractions and requires knowing how to find the common denominator of fractions. I run into a lot of students who have forgotten how to do this. Good job sir.
This is very well explained. I always forget the difference between how voltage and current differs between series and parallel circuit. Thanks for the refresher.
you were a good explainer. Even learnt complete HTML series from your lectures. Thank you
can't wait for the projects!!
These are some great videos!
I've learnt quite a bit so far but (as expected when learning new things) I had to check over a lot of the maths to make sure I understood everything (e.g double checking I knew what a reciprocal was and how current is shared out).
Great stuff - thanks again! Learning a ton. Can't wait to learn more.
OMG MAN , you explain so much better and easier than my Books or teachers , you rock dude
Loving these tutorials, it's amazing what you can learn when you are in the right headspace and you have a good teacher. However, I will seriously need to brush up on my maths skills, even WITH a calculator!! I got a B in Maths GCSE but that was 20 years ago!!!!!!
I think you forgot to add 4 to 8/7 which is equal to 36/7.
And after that shoudn't you put 36/7 while calculating the current in the circuit.
I did that and then finally I got 1.75 Amps.
I don't know if I am wrong or you are correct.
Thanks by the way. Keep up the good work.
Got through the rest of the tutorials but you totally lost me on the maths on this one. Gonna have to study more on this.
I was struggling to remember series vs parallel, then you said something about a loop and it just clicked. Insanity. Thanks.
best explanation for series and parrallel..
you're explaining way better than boring books thanks a lot to make this course
this is a great Electronics presentation.
Great, I have come away from this series feeling dumber. I now know more about what I don't know :P
Great video keep them coming, I really enjoy them.
dude amazing work thanks a lot, very interesting topiccs and very well explained, i'm learning more with you than with my previous electronics teacher... thank you thank you thank yooouuuuu :D
Also i love your videos i fee like they are designed for me. You talk and explain how i think and dont waste time repeating redundant stuff
Please don’t keep apologising for the videos. We are watching cos we want to not because we have to. Great vids 👍
I learn a lot! i'm an electronics students but this videos are not yet get encountered at school!
thanks a lot!!
lol i saw a 1hour lecture of this on youtube. The professor was teaching this to university students and it took him 1 hour to do it. And this guy did it in under 20 mins. its incredible how much knowledge he is putting into these videos and making it so easy to understand
Like your video series! I don’t know why but I started focusing on how you say “going to” about 100 times each video and it’s driving me crazy now 😂 but thanks for the informative videos!
“I’ll keep it simple” proceeds to write 4 8/7 instead of 5 1/7
I tought same but both of them are simple lol
Anyone thinking he made a mistake with the 8/7 & 7/8 thing, he is actually correct. Here's how...
1/8 + 1/4 +1/2 = 0.875 (which is 7/8ths).
Then we have to do 1/0.875 = 1.142 (which is 8/7ths).
So R_total = 1.142 ohms (which is the same as 8/7ths).
I love these videos, thank you!
I haven't used fractions since the 1960's.
Thanks for this awesome series of tutorials !
I have no problem calculating the voltage drop per resistance in your exemple or in any circuit with more than one resistor.
However, what about when there is just one resistor on the circuit ? AS Vd = I/R, you always end up with Vd = V
Example :
One 9V battery
One 2 Ohms resistor
V = I*R
I = V/R = 9V/2 Ohms = 4.5A
Vd = I.R = 4.5A * 2 Ohms = 9V = V ( basically because it's just an inversion of the previous result, as there is only one resistor ).
Thanks in advance for anyone who would help me :)
Man, you are amazing. Thank you!
Re resistances in parallel, I find it useful to think in terms of conductances, where the conductance is 1/resistance. The conductances add, making the calculation look less weird.
I might be a bit late, but 8/7 + 4 is NOT 4*8/7
8/7 + 4 = (8+28)/7 = 36/7
If you do 9/(36/7), you'll get 1.75, which is the correct result, as shown in the video
8/7=1.125
Excellent tutorial..
"Mystery parallelness" ... LOL ... I love your lessons BTW ... keep it up!
forget it i got it, you “simplified meaning didn’t bother to add up the 4 and 8/7” lol. great job, enjoying these series.
Ammazingly explained 👍
now we talking :-) great job.... love that what you are doing. :-)))))
Trying to find the last video I was on... "WHAT IS GOIN ON... WHAT'S GOIN ON... WHAT's Goin on People!"
WATT IS GOIN ON...
@@voxeledphoton"James! Watt is going on? "
Thank you for the video, it's very good!
That was so helpful, thanks.
Just wondering if there should be a dot where the series circuit wire goes into and out of the parallel circuit? I thought that two wires crossing over without a dot meant no connection in which case only the centre resistor is actually in the circuit. Is it different when adding a parallel circuit schematic and you dont have to show the intersection being connected with a dot at the intersection?
Thank u So much Sir Thats Awesome Thanks U For most Important Topic U cleard wisely...
you're giving us free, thorough and easy-to-understand information on electronics. stop apologizing damn it! XD
Im getting 1.75 for total current in the parallel part. I= 2v/8omh, I=2v/4omh, I=2v/2ohm. Is this correct? Thanks guys
you just blew my mind
4:05 or you could say that the kitchen wiring is interrupted by switches, in that each receptacle has to have the switch thrown to on for the power to continue down the line.
If, let's say you have 3 extension cords. You plug 1 in to a receptacle hooked up to the circuit breaker, then you plug a power strip to the other end and a second extension cord into the power strip, and plug a second power strip into that cord, the third cord plugged into that second power strip. And now say you turn off the first power strip, or the second. Series.
Great vedio thanks very much. ..
learnt alot from this video, thankss
great video!
thank you for the series , i learned a lot
And a "thank you" for the parallel, too?
😁Ah, cheesey electronic nerd jokes already?!
@@johnswanger8474 lol .. took me a while to get it ..
Hey @CodeNMore,
at 12:01, the diagram does not match the one from before.
I'm having trouble understanding if this makes a difference.
If the positive terminal from the schematic made in 12:01 goes left to right. Then the 9v goes through the parallel part the same. So wouldn't the current still be going through the new resistor still be 7.875amps? Then wouldn't the voltage for the new resistor be 31.5V? That doesn't make sense because it doesn't follow the ohms law.
I am new to this and would love help on this.
Thank you!
How did you get from 7/8 to 8/7. What calculation did you use.
You need to be good at fraction to understand this lesson, sad I forgot the fraction way back during school years.
nice lecture but a few things making me crazy. awhile back you mentioned current (I) flows from the negative position to the positive position, but when you drew the arrow at around @16:08 mark, you went positive to negative. then the lines you drew to connect the series to the parallel circuit, awhile back you said lines drawn like that arent connected, so i had to unlearn that a bit. then
+8/7 haha omg driving me crazy, why not +1 1/7 lmao nice series overall though but a few things are inconsistent (in a way that affects my understanding at least) and im not a fan of maths that aren't done with units, units to me are so useful for proper algebra, does away with formulas.
I understand this isnt a university course so still very good learnings to be had here! Thanks!
My question is in second diagram the total amps( in the diagram 1.75 A) equal to the any one of part we will check it?
For example after 4 ohms or please explain in parallel parts??
Do you have a summery of all the components that you use for these playlist of videos I want to do it along with you and need to order the stuff. Thanks
easy way to calculate parallel resistance on a calculator
R = ( R1^-1 + R2^-1 + R3^-1.... )^-1
* note that ^ means to the power of. so its to the power of negative 1. this will help having to do annoying algebra. in fact most sci/graphic calculators have a key for the power of negative one. also all the resistances have to go in brackets and then whats in the brackets also needs to be taken to the power of negative 1
Well I got through 16 videos before I finally got stumped. What??? I will need to watch this again at half speed. Totally lost now :(
Same! Hahaha! Especially on the parallel circuit...
shouldnt the 4ohm resistor in the compound circuit, be placed closer to the positive side of the battery? i mean, it is in the end of the circuit from my interpretation. Isnt the current flowing from positive to negative? so, the way it is presented in the example makes me think that the 4 ohm resistor witch is placed in series, doesnt affect the paralell circuit.
thanks
If you have parallel with 3 resistors that are 240ohms each and your using a 9v battery is the current I = 0.1125? Im doing some practice problems.
Tahnk you!!!!!
Perhaps I'm missing something, but why is it that when in parallel the adding up is all of the sudden a fraction? 1/Rtot = 1/r1 +1/r2 etc. why not Rtot = 1/R1+1/R2 etc?
In the series, why the current remains same? I=v/R, the V will be less after the first R, so lets say it was 9v so the first I = 9/ R1. after the 1st R became 5V so in the second R the I = 5/R which means the I is differ from point to other but to calculate the total current it would be 9/(R1+2+3) Can you please explain
I was literally about to say "this was the problem with old Christmas lights..."
14:50 Why does the current flow from the -ve terminal to the +ve so that the 4ohm resister drops to voltage down the 2V? Shouldn't the parallel circuit get the 9V first?
A little worried that people struggled on adding denominators.... Loving the series so far tho
Starting at 8.11 in the video about total resistance… How were you able to come up with raising 7/8 to the power of negative one? I’m just curious why one is the actual number used for this equation and if there are instances when it could be a different number…
I like the way you teach this stuff, can anyone suggest a good beginner's book that is as easy to understand as these tutorials? Also, I need to brush up on my maths as I haven't used maths in many, many years. Is there a book that also helps you to improve your maths skills at the same time or do I need a separate book on that???
What happens if it is the opposite than at 16 minutes? What happens if the additional resistor is AFTER the parallel part?
if we were to use our 1/4W reisistors in that parallel cicruit, they would blow out woulnd't they? if they take almost 8A all together that means they use some 70 watts! is that correct or am I missing something?
Question: In the parallel circuit around 12:35, should the crossing lines actually have a dot showing they are connected....at the top of the parallel and at the bottom of the parallel ---- otherwise they would be read that the horizontal lines actually do not connect with the vertical line and they actually do all connect.?
YES, he has drawn it incorrectly.
I don't get why 7/8 becomes 8/7, did I miss the magic wand or did I miss that at school?
1/R = 7/8 so if you want to figure out what R is you need to inverse the 7/8. so, 1/R = 7/8 thus R/1 = 8/7 (you inverse both sides of eqation and R/1 simply is R)
@@plllot9713 what? Why? That is not clicking for me.
*edit... Ok, got it. You need to know what Resistance is. Resistance divided by 1= what it is. Obviously I'm crap at math. But that is weird to me that you can just flip something around to make it "work".
@@johnswanger8474 the whole thing is dividable by -1. When you divide by minus 1 the rule is to flip over. So 7/8 becomes 8/7.
You said the voltage drops are the same in a parallel circuit but isnt that the case only if the resistors have the same rating?
Does it matter if the resistor (of the series circuit) in the schematic is closer to the negative terminal of the battery as opposed to the positive side?
NO
but wouldn't the voltage at the positive terminal be 0 then how can the voltage be the same throughout I am confused in this please help
I usually have a doubt that the given circuit you showed don't contain any led and this may cause a short circuit the how can we manage to calculate the resistance
Ok, messed up. Watts = Volts X Amps. So 9(1.75). 15.75 watts? Or, we should just count the watts across the Resistor? So 7(1.75) = 12.25 Watts across the resistor? The parallel circuit would use up the remaining 3.5W? I'm not sure.
how does a 9v battery push out almost 8 amps?
Dam you finally lost the shit out of me with these fractions, broke my heart, taught I was on a role after 16 of your beginner electronics videos. I'm going to continue to watch the rest but I feel that now I'm just going to be lost since I don't understand the mathematics of it. Oh well thanks for the videos.
the same way youre learning electronics is the same way you can learn math. just look up simple fraction videos. on youtube and you will get the hand of it in no time.
that solution for tha circuit at 8:28 is not right at all...
In your earlier video, you said that there has to be a dot at the junction for it to be connected. Right? So the center resistor is sepperate from the other two as drawn, correct? I understand what you are getting at, but...
TheKlickitat that got me too. but I think it was just an honest mistake.
There's a little white bar at the top, it's very noticeable when in fullscreen and it's driving me nuts.
Besides that great stuff.
I confess I got stalled by this episode. Is it usual to use fractions in this context, versus decimal values? I find them clumsy and archaic - less amenable to calculation either in one's head or on a calculator. Fine for everyday descriptions of quantities, eg half a pint of milk; a quarter past 8 etc, but in electronics? It's a genuine question.
Total current in a parallel circuit is equal to the sum of the individual branch currents, 0.25 + 0.50 + 1.0 = 1.75A
Yes this answer because you used 2volts
In the combination series and parallel circuit you show starting at about 12:02, shouldn't you have dots where the wires cross, to show that they're connected?
Yes, I think he explained this in a prior video too :)
at 12:14 you Show a mix of parallel and series circuit. 1 R in Serie and 3 R's in parallel.If you draw this and shift it 1 resistor to the right , it would like you have 2 R's in Serie and 2 in parallel ?? Or in your drawing , I could see R1 and R3 are in Serie and R2 and R4 in Parallel. What I am thinking wrong ?
How did you get from 8/7 which is a fraction to 7.875 which is decimal. You need to let beginners know how you achieve you results and what calculations were used.
8/7 is the same as 8 divided by 7. If you use a calculator you will find that 8 div 7 = 1.14285714
The equation in question was 9 / 8/7. 9 divided by 1.14285714 = 7.875
2.57 . sir how about R1 ? does it not light up too?
I realize I'm 4 years late, but I just discovered your wonderful videos. My question is: in the 1st example you have the current running from positive to negative, and in the 2nd example this is reversed. Which one is correct? And does it matter for placement of components and calculation of V/I/R? I'm already having trouble getting my head around the difference between the direction of electrons and the opposite direction for schematic symbols of components...
6 years later he still hasn't finished the series, he disappears for years at a time which is a pity because otherwise this series s great.
Should it not have a amperage drop in the series circuit because ohms law the amperage would become less and less
Wait, you first said in series circuits that the current stays the same but later said as resistance increases, current decreases. Which is it?
love the series thanks, in your last video 17 were series and parallel circuits join wasn't you meant to have. dots were the wires meet as it looks like they are crossing over each other and not joining or am i mistaken.
You are correct, the junction from the series to the parallel circuit should have connecting dots. As drawn, it looks like there is a series circuit with a battery and two 4-ohm resistors, and another circuit with simply an 8-ohm and 2-ohm resistor that isn't connected to anything. However, you'll find it isn't uncommon for people to skip the dots when they're able to assume you already KNOW it's all the same circuit. Still, it's a bad habit to get into. I always make a point to "connect the dots", you never know who will be looking at your circuit out of context later. I also prefer the method of drawing an obligatory "hump" when lines cross to make sure it crystal clear they're not connected. It's too easy for the brain to overlook the lack of a connecting dot.
Does the parallel portion essentially become a voltage amplifier? My calculations show that the voltage increases back to 9... Am I correct?
The voltage should equal zero after the resistors in parallel