Beginner Electronics - 19 - Capacitors
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- Опубликовано: 22 июл 2024
- We learn about capacitance and capacitors, and how they work!
*DISCLAIMER - READ BEFORE WATCHING*
I am an electronics hobbyist; I do not have a degree in electrical engineering. This series MAY NOT teach all of the appropriate safety required for general electronics work. Any advice taken from this series should be checked with multiple sources, and a professional should be addressed to ensure proper safety.
See my website: codenmore.github.io/
Follow me on Twitter - @CodeNMore - / codenmore
Comment, PM, or Tweet me for help!
Teaching to understand all subjects to the fullest extent! 
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**DISCLAIMER - READ BEFORE WATCHING**
I am an electronics hobbyist; I do not have a degree in electrical engineering. This series MAY NOT teach all of the appropriate safety required for general electronics work. Any advice taken from this series should be checked with multiple sources, and a professional should be addressed to ensure proper safety.
1111111111¹1111¹1111¹¹ 10
Hater. We are not all Einstein. We learning
There's a mistake that may mislead someone at 10:17.
Nothing is going back and forth through the LED: the current flows one way when charging and the other way when discharging. I understand the origin of the confusion (mixing real physics with the "conventional" current direction).
Why and how a capacitor works? Easy (ELI5 explanation inbound...)
Generally speaking, atoms have the same amount of protons as electrons, so they are balanced, neutral, happy. The atoms of some materials (copper, for example) are not so good at keeping their electrons around them. When an atom loses an electron, that atom (now called ion) has a positive charge because now has one proton not balanced by that lost electron. At this moment, this atom is not happy, he wants an electron back to be neutral again.
- CHARGING: When we apply a voltage between those conductive plates, we steal all the electrons from their atoms like a vacuum and direct them to the other plate. Now we disconnect the battery.
- CHARGED: The situation is now tense. On one plate, we have all the parents (atoms that have lost one electron, aka ions). The other plate is filled with those stolen electrons which are desperate to attach themselves to positively charged atoms. Because they are close, both ions and electrons strongly feel each other; that's why electrons accumulate closer to the opposing plate. They are trying to reach, but they can't because of the dielectric material and/or air. It's like a fence.
- DISCHARGING: Now, atoms never move. They are stuck in their place because they make up the material, but electrons can flow. When you connect the LED, it becomes the only bridge between the plates, so all the electrons storm across the LED like there's no tomorrow to the other, positive, plate. That makes the LED shine. The positive ions on the right (the atoms) start receiving and "capturing" those electrons back like magnets, which make them neutral atoms again. Little by little, it also makes the whole "positive plate" vibe a bit less intense. In time, very few electrons remain, which is less and less current through the LED until there's no tension between plates, which makes the LED turn off.
Hope this helps! And kudos to CodeNMore for educating us all for free, not an easy task.
Is this the same like a rechargeable battery? with limited current draw?
kinda help but some words you were using is redundant making it less understandable. please next time in explaining make it straight to the point. kudos to u
What is the reason why it is charging when we apply voltage to capacitor?
@@pockeybearmilk264 Because one side of the battery is positive. So when the positive side attaches to a metal plate, the electrons in the plate get attracted to the positive side of the battery. In doing so, they get transferred through the battery to the other side
Neithan łl
I just binge watched this whole series and was bummed when I hit the end. Keep them coming, you really do a great job with these videos.
There are several components to studying circuits. One place I discovered which succeeds in merging these is the Gregs Electro Blog (check it out on google) definately the most useful course that I have ever seen. look at this interesting resource.
Random Life Nathan did great.
@@djordjedjokic814 Gregs Electro Blog costs money, this here is for free. Why should I go there?
@@kiwinesss he is an advertiser he posts on some of these videos
Hi. Great video series. I'm really looking forward to being able to build that 8bit computer you talked about at the beginning of the series. Thanks man and please don't ever lose interest in completing this series
Thanks for the video! This is by far my favourite series of yours that I watch. Would really appreciate more frequent uploads on it but it looks like you have a fixed schedule planned out and a full time job so it's understandable that we only get an upload every so often.
*Summary:*
- capacitors build up charge in them
- capacitors need to go inside your circuit
- capacitors have a max voltage they can handle
- composition of capacitor: two conductive sheets surround a *thin* insulator
- capacitors in series, their total capacitance decreases as you add em in series
- capacitors in parallel, total capacitance increases as you add them
Nice! I was just thinking bout making a cheat sheet for each topic. This will be a good start!
Your videos are the best I've found on all this. Thanks for making them.
2 words
superb video
(Im studying for my Ham radio exam, really helps)
Nobody ever explained capacitors like you. I was thinking that somehow current flows through the dielectric material even if that doesn't make any sense in theory, because it wasn't explained well :)) Best video till now
At 4:31 - "We don't need to know what a Farad is" - but it's good to know because it explains what a capacitor is - and once the Farad is understood, all other values are understood, because they are all scaled on the Farad.
Charge is what moves along a wire. The unit that measures flow of charge, or current, is the Amp.
As current flows into a capacitor, the voltage across it increases. If a constant current flows into a capacitor, the voltage across it changes linearly.
If a constant 1A flows into a 1F capacitor, then the voltage across it increases at 1V per Second.
Thus, the Farad makes sense of the units concerned with capacitors.
Thanks for these videos. A great explanation of how a capacitor works.
Absolutely enjoying these videos please continue
best explanation I've seen! wonderful!
You are an excellent teacher, and youtuber.
Good work man
I know it is the basics, but I watched all videos so far and must thank you. Very nice for someone who doenst know nothing like me
Sir this series is helping alot.
And also coming fun in electronics
Finally a new video :D Keep going I'm learning thanks to you !
You're awesome, great series of videos!
I don't understand why the dielectric sleeve between the two plates needs to be small enough that the electrons and ions can still 'feel' each other. I'm probably missing something, but in my understanding of the video, it only matters that the two plates are insulated from each other. Could someone explain this to me?
Thanks a lot for the free educational content, I'm loving it.
Thanks man, please keep going, I am really curious on this project :)
Thanks for another great video.
Short version of the unit "Farad": *1 Farad* tells you that a capacitor holds a charge of *1 AmpèreSeconds* (=1 Coulomb) *for each Volt* of capacitance (= stored electric potential).
Despite obvious differences between capacitors and batteries (electrical field vs chemical storage, discharge curves...), the unit is actually very similar to the nominal Ah charge of a battery with a given voltage (or Wh capacity when expressed independent of voltage): similar unit, only different context.
Also: 1 Amp is quite a lot of current, as we're usually dealing with milli Amps. Accordingly, 1 Farad = 1 Asec/V is also quite a lot in terms of electronics/microelectronics. By converting from seconds to hours, we see that 1 Asec/V is also the same as 0.2777 mAh/V. Now let's keep in mind that despite the comparison capacitors are NOT batteries, i.e. mAh values even remotely in the order of magnitude that we're used from batteries would come as a big surprise. So when it comes to capacitors and "Farads", maybe this helps to understand concrete numbers a little better and explains why in practice we're usually dealing with these "tiny" units like µFarad or nFarad.
Great video series, btw.
Being an electric guitar guy, knowing more about pots and what they do and how they do it is very enlightening.
Tx CodeNMore
Awesome explanation, thanks!
Take a drink each time he says capacitor
Thanks for the awsome tutorials my friend! subscribed
1) subscribed and liked. Will have to go back to all ur videos and like them. I was watching on my tv incognito. But will have to like all of them and continue to finish all ur videos
2) I don’t have words to describe how easy u make the whole thing look. Your presentation is second to none and I don’t think I need any tuitions besides yours
3) I will appreciate if you could understand and give a solution to my problem
My sons electric car had a 12v 15000 rpm motor driven by a 12v 7ah battery and a 15amp fuse
I upgraded to a 12v 30000rpm motor and a 12v12ah batter. But my fuse kept blowing up. I ended up using a 30 amp fuse but it still blows up. What could be the reason?
Thanks a million
Your channel is amazing
If you're using a ceramic capacitor, keep in mind that they are not polarized--meaning you can connect them either way, without worrying about which wire is the anode and which is the cathode. However, other capacitors, like the electrolytic one used in the video are polarized and must be connected correctly.
Awesome.you are great teacher.
So in a more complex circuit such as a guitar amplifier for instance, the amp is continuously plugged into the wall outlet and therefore powering the circuit so what are all these caps doing? Are they just charging and discharging to push more power through? I feel this is the one thing I have just failed to see for some reason...
I've learned so much through these vids and was so excited to learn about caps! Thank you for the info!
So helpful. There are a lot of smart people in the world explaining these things but they arent practical and so they arent useful. Everything you say is useful, this playlist is exactly the information I wanted. I have a lot of respect for you.
I was wondering if you could elaborate on how capacitors work in series. I understand that energy does not flow through them as you explained due to the dielectric material insulating to two conductors but how to do they work when operating in series?
I wonder about the same thing..
With a reference to @Neithan's comment on atoms / ions/ electrons and how they move, I believe it works like this: Imagine following circuit: battery negative terminal, capacitator 1(c1), capacitator 2(c2), positive battery terminal. The positive terminal would vacuum all of the electrons from c2 anode (and simultaneously push them to the c1 cathode.) causing the ions in c2 anode attract electrons from c2 cathode (because of the greater potential difference as so many of electrons were vacuumed and are missing), creating ions in c2 cathode. Now those ions in c2 cathode wants their electrons back, but its easier to attract different ones from the c1 anode (because in c1 cathode are all those electrons supplied by battery - repelling and pushing away those electrons in c1 anode - like two magnets of the same polarity). This way they gradually equalize. Once they equalize - charge, the current stop moving all together (until there is a drop in voltage - causing the conductors to discharge - equalize the voltage in the circuit). Now this is only how I imagine it working, it might be totally wrong. This just makes the most sense for me for the time being. Hope this helps someone.
Do you have another video that show calculation for how long it takes fully charged capacitor to fully discharge when it's connected to LED.
hello i work with instruments and avionics at the airport and we cant figure out how 3 capasitors in series works how does the middle one charge we tested it and it work
Thanks Buddy for this video , Made my day 😁😁
Someone please answer. 8:30 . When electron leave from the right plate and through the battery.. why dont they reach the negative terminal of the battery and get repelled as apposed to flowing through and reaching the other plate
Great info love it !
Love your videos mate
Thank you for these videos
Hi, I do chemistry and we have been taught that the anode is the negative electrode. This video started the opposite multiple times, and I was just wondering why does this difference arise when dealing with electronics?
Well I don't know but while I was reading thermodynamics in chemistry and after that I read it in physics the convention was literally opposite I don't get this too
It's not really that there's a difference in how it actually works; it's just a difference in notation. Dagum conventional currents lol
I've been trying to find an answer all over and can't figure out. If I have a device that is going to require more power than can be delivered from a single wall outlet is there a way to implement to supplies into the circuit and say plug into two or three different wall outlets?
Hey, thanks for the class
it be ok using a 1000uF 16VDC Electrolytic off a 5 v output as long as it doesn't exceed the 16v on the other end is that correct?
Learned more in this lesson about capacitors then 10 pages course material.different currents would may have been more in play.
Super serie 😍❤️
Hello can you tell me how to choose resistors for a electrolytic capacitors for a 50 v 33uf
10:10 just a little thing i noticed but positive charges cannot travel i guess. Correct me if im wrong.
The electrons accumulated on one plate are travelling back to the other side until x - are equal on both sides, hence the capacitor returns to the state of "neutral", has no charge and as a consequence the led is no more lit. But electrons are travelling from one point to another, not protons, so I think he didn't explain it very wel in the animation.
thanks for saying what i had in mind
Positive charge effectively travels in the opposite direction of negative charge when electrons transfer between charge carriers. That's why most electrical logic holds up even though conventional current doesn't accurately reflect electron flow.
Only electrons (negative charges) travel, protons (positive charges) never. Convention is just opposite to this reality that's why he said you can consider anyway, it works both the ways.
Net positive charge travels with the moving of negative charge in the opposite direction
Nice job once again! I did not catch your name because it was kind of garbled at the beginning but, keep the videos coming!
I see now, CodeNMore! Ok with that!
Just so people know, the long lead on Capacitors and LEDs for the +ve side is a convention - NOT A STANDARD. This means that you will come across Capacitors and LEDs that do NOT follow this convention. Use the markings, not the lead length. For LED's you can use the Diode mode on a multimeter to tell which lead is which if there are no markings.
I’d like to trigger an iPhone capacitive touch screen without using hands (electronically). Can you please explain to me how to do that? I know it involves a wire connected to something conductive touching the screen. Trying to trigger this using a remote control just by pressing the button it sends an electrical pulse to screen that triggers the capacitive touch sensor thus “pressing” the screen and clicking a button on the screen.
hey man can you help me find out what capacitor is the right one for a tattoo machine, sometimes my machine burns the capacitor can you help me please.
What made you change from Unit sub tot to Tot sub unit? EG: R[t] but T[q]
what is the resistance in case of direct connection of capacitor to a battery? Just resistance of connectors?
a capacitor uses in a fan gives an extra supply of current to overcome the initial barrier due to the inertia of rest while the fan is at rest.
HI JUST WANT SOME HELP AFTER WATCHING THIS VIDEO I WANTED TO ASK
can you explain more abt ceramic capacitors cuz i hv sm diff type of ceramic capacitors but i dont know ntng abt the numbers over ceramic capacitor like 104
32
47 etc wht does this means and how to and whr we can use them and for what?
thank you
do they wrks the same as the electrolytic capacitor?
We got off easy in this video in an actual electronics class you have to answer questions like this capacitor was charged for 10 microseconds how much charge does it have? Now it is discharged for 3 mS how much charge? Now it is charged again for 20 mS what is the charge and it would go on for a bit charging and discharging for varying times and you had to keep calculating it at every point. ARRRRRGH!
Hi thanks. Upload more videos on electronics and some projects
if current doesnt move through a capacitor how can we have them in series? wouldnt that break the circuit?
OK wtf. Every capacitor I use just doesn't work.
Ive literally tried every video on RUclips.
I 'charge' my capacitor, plug it in and absolutely nothing happens to the led. My wiring is definitely correct, ive tried it with my power supply already. Sometimes when I connect the capacitor the led flashes brightly for barely a millisecond before becoming extremely dark. Please help.
Try buying higher quality capacitors
your capacitor has a very low capacitance or you don't charge it enough.
@@hhh0511 just means the capacitor has discharged and is not charging up quick enough. or is burned out after a single use
How do you assume that the capacitor will be charged by 68% after 4 T?
68% after one tau. 98% after 4 of them. This is a property of capacitors.
You're the man.
Older vehicles, such as say, 1953 Mercury, have capacitors in the Distributor. This is what fires the electronica l charge to the spark plugs. It is also called "condenser". We who worked on vehicles, used to take the capacitor and use a spark plug wire while cranking the engine, to charge the capacitor by grounding it from its case to the engine, then sparking the wire to the lead wire on it. Then carefully tying the lead wire into a little loose loop. Then we would toss it to a friend/fellow mechanic, and they would automatically "catch" it unknowingly. This emits a nice sharp shock! (Not recommended doing this at home!!).
Your the best teache
I know this post is a little older now. But I take it the capacitors use is for quicker discharging (camera flash) and also to help regulate power, to cater for tiny power dips in electricity.
Though, I'm puzzled by something, in this video he says that when you put the LED in place, the electrons flow each way to neautealise, but that means both positive and negative are flowing through the LED. LEDs are sided, anode and cathode, how does it not damage the LED?
I believe positive charges (protons) don't actually travel from one point to the other. Only the negative charges (electrons) can travel, and when both sides have the same amount of electrons then you say that the charges are equallized.
His explanation wasn't very clear at that point, but he was probably refering to the way that charge flow is respresented in schematics vs how it actually flows.
Sir how can i increase 12voltage circuit to 14v circuit?
legend! thanks so much!
Thank you😊
Didn't you say that current doesn't actually flow through the capacitor. So how can they ever be in series?
denis moloney i don't know much about electronics, but i think if you hooked it up to your series circuit it would just equalize and the flow would start to decrease and open the circuit
I believe as electrons collect in the one side of the capacitor they create an electric field that that generates a voltage across the gap which travels along the wire and at the next capacitor the electrons again collect and create a voltage/electric field across the next gap and so on
I=V/R
The "gap" is resistance so if voltage went through it, it would have current. So that doesnt work out.
In dc series circuits the current flows until the capacity is reached (charged) then the current falls to zero since it balances out with the battery charge. In ac circuits current can flow both ways so they're more beneficial for ac
Probably wouldnt use them in series, youd need a parallel to discharge it
The capacitor, like a battery as per said, builds up the charge to its certain level, then send off a discharge. Similar to a Diode, which with some have a build up to a certain level to get put. This prevents a constant lower level "Draw" while it is charging up.
Hey man y dont you have any video about transistors? I mean can you make some please?
Opps my bad i saw your video heheheh sorry
can u tell me easy way to check whether the capistor is working or not in Bord
capasitors can determine ethier good or not! if you have a tester right there! the good capacitor, tester will deplect a sec then go back to the normal point of pointer.. or what ever it is! i forgot the name.. if it is not going back, it means that your capacitor is in bad condition if the deplection go back but in half only, the capacitor is licky or consider as bad also.. but your tester must set in 100k ohms
i have a question sir, when should we use the capacitor and why should we use it.?
Good question. Maybe this will help give some idea. A seemingly innocuous device such as a disposable-camera flash unit, powered by a 1.5 volt AA battery, has a capacitor which may contain over 15 joules of energy and be charged to over 300 volts. This is easily capable of delivering a shock.
thanks bro
Thanks
Does anyone know where to buy such items?
ebay, amazon
Pizza Hut.
Great
great
farads = couloubs per volt. or charge stored per voltage
no inductors?
doens't capacitor breat the circuit?
what is voltage drop? please help
Voltage drop is exactly what it sounds like. It's a loss of voltage over a given amount. (Distance for example will cause voltage drop or a loss of electromagnetic force)
How to know the resistance of a capacitor?
Capacitors don't have resistance. The equation assumes that there is some resistance in the circuit, between the capacitor and the voltage source. If there is no resistor, resistance is almost 0, and so the time constant is almost 0: the capacitor will charge instantly.
Shouldn't it be 5tao?
The Farad is the electrical equivalent of gallons/ litres
yup
One thing I didn't get from this is why....why do we use them?
I don;t know much electronics yet, but I know the difference between micro and milli...
This letter (μ) is fakin called mi and in greek it is spelled like m in english.
Jiman Rj not in case of CI units. mF would be mili farades, 0.001F, while uF would me micro - 0.000,001F. MF would be mega Farades, and that's 1000000F.
You say the "more positive side" and "more negative side" like it's their general attitude. A side is either positive or negative.
Waiting for gadgets
Did he ever make the video about making the 8 bit computer?
nop, as i can see he disappeard. But if you watched till the transistor part just go to somewhere else where they show you how a computer works. Transistors are the key.
Farad:
Farad
OneFarad5.5Velectrolyticcapacitor.jpg
A one farad modern super-capacitor. The scale behind is in inches (top) and centimetres (bottom).
General information
Unit system SI derived unit
Unit of Capacitance
Symbol F
Named after Michael Faraday
In SI base units: s4⋅A2⋅m−2⋅kg−1
The farad (symbol: F) is the SI derived unit of electrical capacitance, the ability of a body to store an electrical charge. It is named after the English physicist Michael Faraday.
Hi, I really appreciate your efforts in creating this video series. Just 1 suggestion though, it would be great if you could finish 1 project and then work on the next rather than having multiple projects simultaneously. The gap between the videos is too long.
I agree with you.
Did you say tow - spell that please
It's spelled as tau
greek letter
t= resistance X capacitance... which resistance is that mentioned in the equation?
"The value of the time constant in seconds is equal to the product of the circuit resistance in ohms and the circuit capacitance in farads." www.tpub.com/neets/book2/3d.htm
13min - you've used milli farads not micro dude :) the math is spot on but terminology is important :)
He did use 1000 microFarads, which is equivalent to 1 milliFarad or 0.001F. He didn't make any mistakes per se, perhaps he could've shown the conversion from microFarads to milliFarads then (optionally) to Farads. It's the same as saying 1000m but then writing 1km, equivalent for sure but can lead to some confusion if someone doesn't really know how to do dimensional analysis that fast or they don't know the metric units.
why did you quit? i was so excited about that 8-bit computer but unfortunately...
τ is actually pronounced taf not tau. even though it is spelled tau from the greek letter τ (ταυ), αυ in greek is af.. sto its proncounced taf, not tau ;)
nobody is trying to speak modern greek here.
The letter μ is a Greek symbol. It is pronounced as "mi".
Share a link. I want to donate 1 dollar.