Makram Rabah: Conflict on Mount Lebanon: The Druze, The Maronites & Collective Memory | Sarde
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- Опубликовано: 5 авг 2024
- This Sarde is brought to you by our incredible patrons at www.patreon.com/sardeafterdinner.
Without you guys, there is no Sarde (after dinner). Thank you.
What really happened in the 1860 Mount Lebanon conflict between the Druze and the Maronites? How does it tie into the 15-year civil war(s)? Lebanese lecturer and researcher Makram Rabah joins us to demystify this obscure period in Lebanon’s history, reveals the context of these conflicts and provides insight on the current geopolitical political dynamics of the region. In this #sardeafterdinner, we discuss:
-Weaponizing collective memory
-The roots of the Lebanese Druze and Maronites
-The Mount Lebanon Conflicts
-Deconstructing the narrative surrounding Bachir Gemayel & Kamal Joumblatt
-The Iran-KSA deal in Beijing & Walid Joumblatt
-How silence over political violence encourages impunity
__________________
ما حصل فعلًا خلال النزاع على جبل لبنان في 1860 بين الدروز والموارنة؟ وما علاقة ذلك بالحرب (أو الحروب) الأهلية في لبنان عام 1975-1990؟ ينضم إلينا المحاضر اللبناني والباحث مكرم رباح حيث يقوم بإزالة الغموض حول هذه الفترة من تاريخ لبنان والكشف عن سياق تلك النزاعات وتسليط الضوء على التغيرات الجيوسياسية في المنطقة. في هذه الحلقة من #سردة، نتحدث عن:
-تسليح الذاكرة الجماعية اللبنانية
-جذور الدروز والموارنة في لبنان
-النزاعات على جبل لبنان
-تفكيك السرديات حول بشير جميل وكمال جنبلاط
-الاتفاق الإيراني-السعودي في بكين ووليد جنبلاط
-السكوت عن العنف السياسي يخدم ثقافة الإفلات من العقاب
Sarde (noun), [Sa-r-de]: A colloquial term used in the Middle East to describe the act of letting go & kicking off a stream of consciousness and a rambling narrative.
The Sarde After Dinner Podcast is a free space based out of the heart of Beirut, Lebanon, where Médéa Azouri & Mouin Jaber discuss a wide range of topics (usually) held behind closed doors in an open and simple way with guests from all walks of life.
سردة (إسم) سَرْدَةْ : مصطلح بالعامية يستخدم في منطقة الشرق الأوسط للدلالة على الاسترخاء وإطلاق سردية.
يشكّل بودكاست سردة بعد العشاء مساحة حرّة من قلب بيروت، لبنان، حيث تناقش ميديا عازوري ومعين جابر عدّة مواضيع (لطالما) تمّت مناقشتها خلف أبواب مغلقة وذلك بطريقة بسيطة ومباشرة مع ضيوف من شتّى المجالات.
#MakramRabah #مكرم_رباح #sardeafterdinner
00:00 | The Dangerous myth of War
06:17 | Maronite & Druze narratives put them on a collision course
09:31 | Should our differences stop us from being inclusive towards each other?
12:38 | Understanding the origins of Druze & Maronites in the region
16:10 | Did Lebanese nationalism exist under Ottoman rule?
20:52 | The international element of the Mount Lebanon wars
23:38 | Why was “Greater Lebanon” of 1920 rejected by Muslims?
27:32 | From producing knowledge to exporting c*ptagon
31:12 | Why did Makram choose to write about the Mount Lebanon war?
33:37 | The Druze/Maronite experiment
38:57 | The Gemayels, Joumblatts, & the 1982 Mount Lebanon war
45:07 | Isr@el, Sabra & Chatila massacres, and the aftermath
47:01 | Who was the real victor of the Druze Maronite war?
50:35 | The assassination of Kamal Joumblatt & the Syrian entry to Lebanon
51:28 | Explaining the Right/Left nuance of Maronites & Druze
55:28 | Did the PLO cause the Lebanese Civil War?
56:40 | Our silence enables their violence
59:34 | Why H.A killed Lokman & targeted others
1:02:16 | The Lebanese Crisis is an “Ethical Crisis”
1:05:35 | We don’t want a superhero/savior we need a super system
1:12:03 | Iran, KSA and Walid Joumblatt
1:17:30 | Crises of succession - From the Iranian to the Lebanese regimes
1:22:20 | Our power lies in our pluralism.
1:24:11 | Is there hope?
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تابعوا سردة عبر يوتيوب، أنغامي، سبوتيفاي، أبل بودكاست وجوجل بودكاست
Connect with Sarde | @sardeafterdinner
/ sardeafterdinner
/ sardeafterdinner
/ sardeaftrdinner
Connect with Médéa
/ medea.azouri
/ medea.azouri
Read Medea’s articles (French):
www.lorientlejour.com/author/...
Connect with Mouin
/ mouin.jaber
Connect with Makram
makramrabah?igs...
Check out Makram’s Books
English: a.co/d/62rSiIf
Arabic: a.co/d/h170NCu
Listen to Sarde (after dinner) on:
Spotify - spoti.fi/3nBjBGW
Anghami - play.anghami.com/album/101474...
Apple Podcasts - apple.co/3kE9MGn
Google Podcasts - bit.ly/2I6ndjS 
Развлечения
We love you all. Don't forget to like and subscribe for the Algorithm! You can check out Makram’s Books here: English: a.co/d/62rSiIf | Arabic: a.co/d/h170NCu Here are the timestamps:
00:00 | The Myth of War
06:17 | Maronite & Druze narratives put them on a collision course
09:31 | Should our differences stop us from being inclusive towards each other?
12:38 | Understanding the origins of Druze & Maronites in the region
16:10 | Did Lebanese nationalism exist under Ottoman rule?
20:52 | The international element of the Mount Lebanon wars
23:38 | Why was “Greater Lebanon” of 1920 rejected by Muslims?
27:32 | From producing knowledge to exporting c*ptagon
31:12 | Why did Makram choose to write about the Mount Lebanon war?
33:37 | The Druze/Maronite experiment
38:57 | The Gemayels, Joumblatts, & the 1982 Mount Lebanon war
45:07 | Isr@el, Sabra & Chatila massacres, and the aftermath
47:01 | Who was the real victor of the Druze Maronite war?
50:35 | The assassination of Kamal Joumblatt & the Syrian entry to Lebanon
51:28 | Explaining the Right/Left nuance of Maronites & Druze
55:28 | Did the PLO cause the Lebanese Civil War?
56:40 | Our silence enables their violence
59:34 | Why H.A killed Lokman & targeted others
1:02:16 | The Lebanese Crisis is an “Ethical Crisis”
1:05:35 | We don’t want a superhero/savior we need a super system
1:12:03 | Iran, KSA and Walid Joumblatt
:17:30 | Crises of succession - From the Iranian to the Lebanese
1:22:20 | Our power lies in our pluralism.
1:24:11 | Is there hope?
Can you invite someone who can talk history from a right point of view. Too many feftists
ااال إلى
I applaude the editors for adding pictures to help visualize the narrative. I applaude the hosts for deeply listening and probing the guest at the right moments. It's rare to have a host who doesn't insert his ego and disturb the guest, and it's even more rare to have two hosts who are coming in at the right moment with nice curiousity that resonates with the listener. Thank you for the guest who is spoon feeding us the extract of years of hard academic work. Thank you Sarde, you guys are precious!
I'll never get bored listening to you guys for hours. Love you Midea and Muaen and respect to your gust.❤❤❤
Every time I watch sarde I tell myself this is the best episode, then I watch the next episode, and I say no, this is the best episode. So thanks sarde for giving us amazing episodes every time.❤❤❤
Funding, good lighting, nice voice rec and translation, etc... can make nice episodes but they can't change facts and sometimes cannot hide ignorance. Thank you
ditto!
Are you gay?
Insightful episode. Re - on investing back in Lebanon: We were in the process of opening an office in Beirut back in 2019 and hiring local talent, then put everything on hold since the explosion. It's extremely hard to us to make sure we get our work done on time with all issues with stability, collapsed banking sector, power outage and weak internet. We're still looking forward to that day when it comes.
I watched it twice and I enjoyed it so much. One of my favourite episodes so far!
I feel so hopeful watching people like Makram. Maybe one day I will be back to Lebanon with my kids😅
Great guest Makram Rabah ! very open minded analyst and historian ! Makram Rabah is a must have on Sarde like Charles Hayek ! great job !
Thanks Firas!!
Dr. Makram Rabah possesses an extraordinary level of knowledge in the field. It was a privilege to hear him share stories that are rarely articulated in such detail. I am grateful for team Sarde for providing the platform to people like Makram. The amount of information he shared was so rich and informative that I had to listen to it twice to fully grasp it all 🙏🏻
keep going strong and we need Makram back la nesrod 3a more of his “blast from the past” stories.
Liked and Subscribed
Whenever I say " this is the best Sarde" you surprise us with a better one! Keep it up, history has never been more entertaining
I really enjoyed listening to Makram definitely bring him back.
What an incredible guy Makram , full of knowledge ! Enjoyed. Every single minute of this episode , as always !
You guys are always inroduced us to amazing guests and content! Thank you
« It’s a journey & an invitation for debate » thank u Makram for your book & your invitation for dialogue between Lebanese & your respect for others & different perspectives.
I’m half lebanese. All the Lebanese I knew growing up were immigrants to US in the 80’s, and aren’t very in touch with the current and modern culture. Thanks for helping me learn Arabic, and about the real lebanese intellectual scene :)
سردة بتجنن ❤️ كمية كبيرة من المعلومات... مكرم موسوعة 👍🏻
الله يهديك
@@youtubeuser8027الله يهدينا كلياتنا بس شو قصدك؟ هو مش موسوعة؟ مين احسن منو؟ اعطيني أمثلة لأني بحب اسمع كزا حدا
@@rabiaabbas262 ما عم قيّم ع صعيد امتلاك المعلومات. ممكن تلاقي بالموسوعات الورقية او الالكترونية او اليوتيوب معلومات اكتر بكتير. لكن عم احكي ع شخص السيد مكرم. الرجل منحاز سياسيا وتحيزه صار واصل فيه لمطارح انو ممكن يكذب. مرة مثلا نشر تغريدة فيها خبر كاذب وكتار نبّهوا لكن بتذكر ما حذف التغريدة. هيدا مثال بسيييط عن كيف انو بعض المثقفين بكبّوا اخلاقياتهم وعلمهم وثقافتهم ع جنب وقت يصير في شي بعارض انحيازهم السياسي
Great Sarde. Thanks for always introducing us to outstanding people!
We have to embrace diversity We have to acknowledge that diversity is within oneself ! Thank u Sardé ♥️& thank u for your guest
C’est un des meilleurs épisodes de Sarde que j’ai visionné à ce jour. Les enjeux que font face les Libanais dans les quatre coins du globe sont plus réels que jamais. Keep it up!
Great guests and wonderful people. After watching this sarde, I felt that I gained a wider approach on history, politics, and society. We are lucky to have people like you. All the best
Don't believe all what you hear
@@youtubeuser8027 I believe educated people , if you have another point of view please explain. Thank you
@@hgh60727 Educated people do not necessarily give you facts and good analysis. Sometimes they fail to. They are "people" so they are biased. For example, Makram posted some days ago a fake news tweet. Despite all the comments notifying him about it, he didn't delete the tweet. This is a small example of how political bias makes "educated peole" untrusted.
@@youtubeuser8027 ok it makes sense but why do you think makram is bias? He said we should learn from history. Let me hear your point of view regarding what he said please
@@hgh60727 I am not refering to this episode specifically since I didn't watch it till the end. I was talking in general that Makram is not that trusted speaker. My opinion is based on different past incidences where Makram showed illogical bias. Also you admired in your first comment the Sardin channel's guests, so my first reply was in relation to the channel itself.
Simply brilliant. Makram clearly shows how knowledgeable and analytical he is. He has a beautiful mind !!
Amazing and very interesting episode. Respect to Dr. Rabah. Thank you.
فظيع فعلا حلقة منتعة، في أسألة كتير بتساورني من زمان جزء كبير منا تم الجواب عليها بالحلقة موسوعة معلومات و تحليل منطقي يصدق برافو سردة ❤
Officially my favourite channel.
This is a brilliant episode, thank you! I've learned a lot and it gave me a new perspective on what's happening or what happened. In the end Prof. Rabah is right: We must make the decision of wanting to live together and then work on the necessary steps of getting there. And justice and accountability are the most important conditions to be successful.
So thank you again ❤
Great episode, I learnt so much! 🧡
Great episode and very informative. Thank you
the best one so far!
Thank you for this amazing Sarde❤
Loved this! Thank you guys ❤
Woowww❤❤❤ hal2a btjnin ! A lot of knowledge, history, .. so interesting!
Azne akhle2iye, i vibe with what he said. Thank you for hosting such people. Enjoy sarde after dinner. Wish you continuous success
Excellent , I love history and historians. . Thank you.
Best episode ever, All the respect to Dr. Rabah
Amazing episode!!!!!! Please continue to make episodes about the history of Lebanon and the Lebanese Civil War.
سرده حلوه متل العاده، الله يعطيكن ألف عافيه. أنتم أقمارلبنان وفلسطين. و أنا وكتير ناس من العالم العربي فخورين فيكن...
حلقة رائعة ودعاية كبيرة لكتابه والذي سأشتريه لأنه يبدو مثيراً للاهتمام شكراً
This Sarde is great
!
I enjoyed a lot this Sarde as well.Again, I learned a lot, Lebanese people deserve so much better than what they have to endure now.Wish all the best!
Not Lebanese, right? Don't believe all what you hear ;)
I read your comment before you deleted it.
Sarde is biased. Most of their guests are from a similar political point of vue, while Lebanon is one of the most complicated situations that cannot be easily understood by an American/European. They also avoid some type of questions; Imagine they hosted a former prisoner in KSA (but he is now pro-MBS) but they didn't dare to ask him a simple question about his experience in jail, while they can make a full episode about a former prisoner in Syria. Funding, good lighting, nice voice and translation, etc... can make nice episodes but they can't change facts and sometimes cannot hide ignorance.
الموارنة جاؤوا من الداخل السوري، مش فاهم كيف صاروا فينيقيين؟!
ولا انا ..ألمرجح انو يوجد اكثر من فترة غامضة في تاريخ لبنان حول الطوايف والشعوب التي سكنته والغموض سوف يستمر .
ما جينا من سوريا. مؤسس الدير الماروني هو مار مارون وكان سريانيًا.
اما مؤسس الكنيسة اللتي سميت على اسم مؤسسها هو مار يوحنا مارون وعاش في القرن السابع، وكان من عائلة فرنسية (فرنجية) وكان راهبًا في دير مار مارون قبل ان جاء الى فينيقيا، حيث بشر من قبله ابراهام القورشي تلميذ مار مارون فينيقيي جيل لبنان بالمسيحية المارونية.
فأصبح يوحنا مارون اسقف البترون، ثم بطريركا لأنطاكيا وسائر المشرق وكان مركزه في جبل لبنان، حيث استطاعوا الموارنة الفينيقيين والمردة ان يقاوموا العرب الذين اشادوا بهم خوفا منهم، كما انهم قاوموا البيزنطيين الذين خسروا معركة أميون وكانوا يريدون ان يتخلصون من البطاركة الموارنة لكنهم لم يقدروا، فوضعوا بطريركا اخرا على كرسي انطاكيا وسائر المشرق (وخلفائه هم بطاركة الروم الكاثوليك والارثوذكس).
فبسبب تعلق الموارنة بوراثتهم الفينيقية والكنعانية والسريانية، عّرفوا البطاركة الموارنة في مرحلة من التاريخ ببطاركة لبنان وليس بطاركة انطاكية او المشرق.
ولبنان كلمة فينيقية حافظوا عليها الموارنة وانشؤوا دولة كبيرة واعطوها هذا الاسم.
فالقومية الفينيقية هي قديمة جدا، وتخص موارنة البترون وجبيل وجونية وكسروان، الخ. وكذلك تخص موارنة جبل لبنان لانهم احفاد الكنعانيين والفينيقيين.
@@marcusa.4756 نعم القومية الفينيقيّة قديمة جداً و لكن النقطة هون إنو كل الموارنة جاؤوا من حمص و حماة و حلب، إلخ. أنا مش منحاز لحداً و أصلاً أنا مش عربي و لكن التاريخ لازم ينحكى متل ماهو. و بالنهاية الكل فوق راسنا إن كانوا موارنة و لّا إسلام و لّا سريان. نفس الحمض النووي و كل لغات المنطقة انشقوا من اللغ الآرامية الأم.
بحسب ما قرأت فإن اصل موارنة لبنان جزأين، جزء جاء من سوريا و جزء من سكان جبل لبنان الأصليين الذين اعتنقوا المسيحية.@@marcusa.4756
لبنان بلد العجائب
إنسان مثقف واعي مستنير غيور على وطنه، منفتح وغير طائفي، لديه رؤية لو طبقت لخرج لبنان من محنته.
ألف تحيه له ولأمثاله.
BEAUTIFUL episode and Tier 1 guest
Thanks Franco! - Please e-mail us on sardeafterdinner@gmail.com
very nice episode!
رائع استاذ مكرم ، عنوان حلقتك سرده ، شاهدتها وتمنيت ما تخلص السرده ❤❤❤❤❤
ما أروعك دكتور مكرم ! كم نغتني بثقافتك ، كل التقدير
شخص رائع أشكركم على استضافة مكرم رباح.
Merci pour cette magnifique émission très instructive, merci pour la grande qualité du débat, je vous souhaite tout le succès du monde
Loved the talk, very inspirational gives me hope in our nations ans people.
Great educational content
Incredible sarde!.❤️
just perfect interview ❤
مقابلة رائعة .. و برنامج رائع...سلامات دايماً..
we have all social classes at AUB it sounds like a pure delirium from M. Rabah....
I enjoyed this immensely❤
تحليل اكثر من رائع 👏👏👏
سردة رائعة
طويلة نسبيا
وقصيرة ايضا
كان افضل تقسم لحلقات الخ...
جميل رغم عدم التوافق مع بعض ماطرح
شكرااا...
Excellent interview
سردة رائعة وغنية جدا ... شكرا استاذ مكرم
سردة حلوة و مكرم موضوعي يعطيكم العافية😊
Love your channal❤...all the respect to Mr Rabah.
it would be SO interesting to dig deeper into this student movement from 70s till 90s during the syrian regime
Wonderful sarde
I apologize Mr. Rabah I wasn’t patient enough thank you for mentioning the incident of the massacre that happen when kamal Junblat Who was assassinated and most of the victim was a Christian citizen participant at the social party and they were killed at in the ferociously……
Amazing and very interesting interview respect to Dr. Rabah thank you for your invitation to dialogue between the Lebanese And your respect for others and different perspective I hope we can find your book on Amazon
It would be very interesting if you make an episode about druze as a religion not as a culture
its not a religion, its an islamic sect
He did a drastic change in 21 days, he could have definitely changed the whole Lebanese cycle in 6 years!!! You don’t know him that much!
THANK YOU FOR PROMOTING HISTORIANS
So interesting!
Great episode
Thank you Makram
Amazing ✨
The Arabic book says “Currently unavailable”. Also, there is no digital (Kindle) version. Help. :(
رائعة !! يا ريت بيصير مكرم sarde resident متل شارل حايك.
رائع استاذ مكرم ❤ ❤
برنامج ممتاز ومعلومات قيمة
Makram is a sample of Young and True Lebanese, regardless of their religion, who are the only hope and only bet for the Future of Lebanon.
Lokman and the many lebanese martyrs would have loved hearing this important interview.
Bon courage to the team Sardé.
12:58 *9th century not 19th, زلة لسان.
حلقة رائعة.. مثقف تنويري وفاعل.
Such a fast paced episode. Couldn't keep up with all the info
حلو الحديث من احسن الحلقات 👍👏
There is a proverb in english: if something works, you don't fix it.
The country that was born which was called Lebanon, and after it took independence from France, it was a very poor country, because the Ottomans did nothing to it.
Whilst Lenanon after the French mandate it became a rich country, and it became rich because of the help of the French.
Once the Lebanese discovered that their country can buy gold, they all wanted to control it.
Mr. Makram talks about a relationship between the Maronites and the Druze, that was only in mount Lebanon, but not in Kesrouane, or Jbeil, or the north. Or the south.
مكرم رباح ثروة ضخمة مضيئة في هذه الجغرافيا المظلمة ❤
من اجمل الحلقات ❤
Very informative sarde but with all due respect to the guest I question which constitution and law he is talking about
من أروع السردات
قد يمتلك المعرفة كُثُر لكن القدرة على معالجتها وإعادة سردها بصورة استنتاجية مهارة أجادها د. مكرم
This sarde made me realize how ignorant we are about our history as Lebanese people. Our current history only dates from 1975 and a little bit before that.
But there's a reason why we are so much divided, and that reason is not arbitrary, it had been cooking since israel came to the region, and we fell for it
تحيه لمقدمين البرنامج ❤❤
12:54 During the 19th century, there was no Abbasid Caliphate. What I know is that the Druze community began to establish itself in Lebanon in the early 11th century. I appreciate if someone can clarify.
🌠🌷
حلقة حلوه ❤
Awesome
❤
قمة الثقافة
راااااائع
"روعة" أقل ما يمكن أن يُقال عن هالسردة..
You are the best
Curious as to why you used the @ sign for the word isre@li in the subs .... tba3do 3yoon (electroniyeh) ya3ni 😂😂😂
جلسة روعة وسردة تاريخية حقيقية
where can i find the book
رائع جدا ..... شكرا ليكم انتم التلاته ..... هل الكتاب موجود في مصر؟؟
Funding, good lighting, nice voice rec and translation, etc... can make nice episodes but they can't change facts and sometimes cannot hide ignorance.
والله انك انسان مثقف جدآ رهيب أنتا ❤❤❤❤
تحية من الساحل السوري