On the diagram of Schleicher's tree model, I accidentally have the labels for "Slavo-Germanic" and "Balto-Slavic" switched around. You can check the research document linked in the description to see the original image of the tree.
For this we should celebrate the diversity of the surviving languages, and maintain efforts for education and promotion of the languages important to our many many cultures.
These weren't written either. They were passed orally. It wasn't for thousands of years after that they were written when vocabularies were first organized and written down.
The thing I love most about this channel is that it gives you the origins of an idea. As a lover of history it allows one to connect the dots of why a certain people at a certain time believed something when you know what terminology was popular when and where.
Best private academia on RUclips right now. Great work and editing. Loved the recommended and shown books of original and translated titles so one can read where the ideas and comparisons came from . Very interesting stuff!
11:17 it would be amazing if someone took the wave model and had it come twords us along the Y axis changing. Computers dont limit us to X and Z anymore, we can add the time dimension if anyones willing to make the animation.
I loved the video and the explanations: extremely detailed and complete, the care of pronouncing correctly the names of French, Latin and other international paperworks. This video is a goldmine to someone keen on linguistics :)
5:21 Pre- Indo European = PIE ❤ Russian/Bulgarian/Ukrainian seem to be closest to the PIE nowadays. I love reconstructing words using the PIE 😂 Thank you , enjoyed your video, and your German is pretty good as well. Vielen Dank!❤ Thumbs up 👍and subscribed 🔔
8:05 in English this should have been translated as - “Commentary on the dominance of Prusso-Lithuanian in Slavic and Latvian languages”. “Borusso-Lithuanic” is a brilliant term. Now I know where the name “boris” comes from.
@spotlight-kyd 🤔 your comment does not seem to pertain to my time coded comment. “No, -que suffix in latin means “and” The Latin word “que” comes from the Latin word “quid”, which means "what". From Proto-Italic *-kʷe (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”). Cognates include Sanskrit च (ca), Ancient Greek τε (te), Faliscan -𐌂𐌖𐌄 (-cue), Proto-Germanic *-hw ( → English (thou)gh). Its alternative use as a generalizing particle "any, -every" with pronouns and adverbs may result from a shift from an earlier meaning along the lines of "as". There are also a number of words that are etymologically suffixed with this particle but that have developed specific meanings not clearly analyzable in terms of either of these senses, such as dēnique (“finally; at length”)
@@Ithinkthereforeiam-ph9nb I'm sorry, I somehow read a -que at the end of "Borriscae". I don't know why, probably because of the "Letticisque" later in the title. So, please forget what I said :-/
@ 🤣🤣🤣 don’t worry about it. 🫶 I am laughing because , it often happens to me… I start answering somebody’s comment and then while I’m writing it that video ends and next video in queue starts playing… I end up posting my comment under somebody else’s comment pertaining to the new video. I thought the same thing happened to you . But no problem , now you also know what QUE stands for as a word
That presumes that it was actually palatalised, which need not have been the case. We can only really conclude that it was at a place of articulation different from the "velars" and "labiovelars", and that it was probably further forward than at least the former.
@@DoctorKalkyl Ok, but even if it wasn't palatalised per se, still the main point is, that it was not "plain" /k/, that changed which is a very important point, because it was a completely different phoneme in PIE.
@@Luki25317 You are correct, he did use the wrong symbol, I missed that on the first watch, since he uses the correct symbol when he shows the actual reconstructions.
really enjoyed the insights in this video, the way you broke down the complexities of language reconstruction is impressive! but I have to say, I'm not fully convinced that we can accurately reconstruct a language that hasn't been spoken for so long. I mean, isn't there a risk of projecting modern linguistics onto something we’ll never truly understand?
Yes, I am currently looking to outsource content review, as typos and other errors keep slipping past me. Sorry for the wait, but I want to make sure that I release good content for the viewers.
I still think that PIE is a Sprachbund similar to Altaic rather than a single cohesive language. There are still aspects of each Indo-European languages that prove they have significant, non-PIE influence. This is handwaved away as a "substrate", yet similar discrepancies are used to discredit Altaic & Paleo-European/Vasconic.
now do one on the devolution of dialects - as in the "fred it frough", (thread it through) - from the supporting spectator at my local small town Australian rules footbal club standing behind the goal posts, encouraging a straight free-kick between the posts from the player of his team
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714indeed people with knowledge from researches made in 21 century live nowadays as well as some with imperial fantasy of 18-19 century on some deep anglosaxon (not really prussian itself) province / there're two groups of indoeuropan (r1) invaders of europe after iceberg's period of time - baltoslavs (r1a) and italocelts (r1b) like in old scythian legend about two brothers,both groups merged with old europeans (i2),nordic one (i1) which might be connected to there "proto-germanic" bullshit seems to be moved from scandinavia thousand years later after invasion of r1a and r1b there / dna cannot lie,evidence's like battle of doleza,battle of tollense or lusatian culture,then pomeranian culture and andronovo culture as well
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714no "germans" or "germanic" until invasion of r1a and r1b to scandinavia (conquest of old europeans i1,old gods died) nor moving out alemans (franks) to europe paid by byzantium empire
I think the amount of effort and the quality of this video are very high. Only one thing I found a bit annoying was spelling each work’s complete name in whatever language. I was wondering why it was neccessay. But don’t mind me. Nice informative video nonetheless
Amazing video! Could the languages be classified like this? Did some research and ended up making this chart: 1. Anatolian. 2. Tocharian. 3. Germano-Italo-Celtic. 3.1. Germanic. 3.2. Italo-Celtic. 3.2.1. Italic. 3.2.2. Celtic. 4. Paleo Balkan. 4.1. Albanian. 4.2. Graeco-Armenian. 4.2.1. Greek. 4.2.2. Armenian. 5. Indo-Slavic. 5.1. Indo-Iranian. 5.1.1. Indic. 5.1.2. Iranian. 5.1.3. Nuristani. 5.2. Balto-Slavic. 5.2.1. Baltic. 5.2.2. Slavic.
The OIT is certainly NOT discredited. Nobody knows exactly where the Proto-Indo-Europeans came from. Even great Indologists like JP Mallory have insisted on this point, mentioning the Caucuses as a possibility. It could have been India as well. That has never actually been ruled out, simply not liking it doesn't disprove it.
I actually don't understand why the Neogrammarians felt that Laryngeal Theory didn't accord with their own views... isn't it positing a systematic sound change in the Neogrammarian tradition to resolve seeming exceptions?
Yes, but until hittite, it was only a theoretical, without ‘textual’ evidence. It’s like as if Saussure was pointing at a void, and the rest simply said “I don’t see anything!” Only after Hittite decipherment could the ‘void’ be filled with a tangible lagyngeal. Now there was actually visible evidence of a phoneme having existed beyond its ripple effects that it left on the surrounding vowels.
@@6515cg But to me, it seems that his proposal would still neatly comport to exactly what the Neogrammarians wanted. I’m surprised they didn’t jump on board with the prediction
2:07 that is not e, that is ē, vowel lengh man, it matters. Imagine if the /i/ in ease /i:z/ and is /iz/ was pronounced the same by someone, uninteligable speach.
Alexander conquered the persian empire so could there not be a greek influence on the indo european languages east of greece, like the indo iranian languages and the indo european indian languages? India was also part of the persian empire, so the langauges could have all influenced each other via empires. Does that make them all one family?
12:18 very patriarchal indeed. The irony is - PIE was a female oriented language originally, as they worshipped the moon before any other gods. Pater, mater, frater - should have been ; Mater, Gʷḗn, Meh₁not… PIE word for moon is “Meh₁not” - main part in the word “mehn-strua-tion” and “moh-nth” PIE name for "woman" is gʷḗn. (pronounced - zhen) It also means "queen" and/or “gynecology” PIE for "sister" is nowadays still unknown, but there’s related information about “sister" in other languages: Middle English “sister” is from Old English sweostor and from Old Norse systir - interbred at the same time. Latin word for "sister" is soror - "sororal" means "relating to one's sister/sisters"…. Albanian word for "sister" is motër. Sanskrit word for "sister" is svasṛ ❤🖖
@ google it… “Here are some examples of ancient societies that were more female-oriented or had more equitable gender roles: Ancient Egypt Women were held in higher esteem than in Mesopotamia, and had the same legal rights as men, though this depended on social class. Some notable female rulers include Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled during a time of peace and prosperity. The Mosuo A matriarchal society in southwestern China where women run households and carry on the family name. Women are free to have multiple sexual partners, and children are raised in the mother's home. The Batek A hunter-gatherer tribe where women gather fruit and tubers, and sometimes join in group hunts. Women's knowledge of plant distribution is important for making decisions about moving camp. Early hunter-gatherer societies Evidence suggests that the sexual division of labor was more equitable in the past, and that women were likely involved in hunting. in prehistoric societies - human life and celebrations revolved around pregnant women and birth giving. Females mated with several strong males in her community/tribe, as in bees societies - males were the “drones”.
@@gunjfur8633 female oriented language = gender sensitive. Feminine. The moon, was considered by humanity and worshiped as the very first immortal Goddess before the sun was worshiped as a male God. I’m trying very hard to explain things to you , I’m sorry you’re not on the level yet.
@“PIE” - pre-Indo -European language. I understand and speak that language. It is in my DNA. I don’t know how else to explain it to you. All Latin languages , all Greek languages, all Slavic languages, and many more - began in the settlements/territory of ямная, (yamnaya) pit culture. I understand that ancient language, let me know what you need help with.
The terms Kafir and Kafiri come from Arabic kāfir, meaning "infidel," and allude to the time before the populace of what is now called Nuristan (formerly Kafiristan, in the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan) was forcibly converted to Islam at the turn of the 20th century. Both Kafir and Kafiri are dated terms and are now often considered offensive; Nuristani is used instead.
@@sumslayanah either clasical Hinduism or Buddism or admixture Muslim called them butparast ( worshiper of idols ,its also mean worshiper of Buddha) Old Hinduism had no concept of idol worshiping they did yagna for worshiping gods
This an absolutely fascinating video. 💯 The very best in the subject! Thank you very much! It's wonderful to see Ferdinand's contribution even though Neogrammarians were not Saussure about that 😂
You can clearly see the Ijsselmeer region being coloured violet, but it doesn't seem to extend far enough to the south to include Flanders. But South Tyrol is also omitted. And South Africa ;-), etc...
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial Could you tell him, that Scandinavian Kn- ,in for instanstance Knut, is pronounced KN- ? This is true for Swedish, Danish and Norwegian.
Oh! Easy! Flame in Russian is Plamea, Five=Piat, mother=mater, three=Tree, tree=drevo. So just need change F to P, T to D, TH to T. English is a very strange language. And who invented the sound TH when there is just T. 😅😅🤔🤔
@@TheRichTurner Yes. Such is problem with english writing, not changing the spelling of foreign words you have to know the etimology and original ortography to pronounce it right. My people are much more practical. For example how to say "Ch" in words like Charles and Charlote is not a problem for us as we simply write Čarlzs and Šarlote.
Hi... I do a lot of voiceovers, speaking Arabic and English almost equally well, although Arabic is my mother tongue. I do wish have your permission to make an Arabic version of your extraordinary videos
@@giorgospapoutsakis5271 I'm honestly bewildered by the fact that the god awful meme even made it this far, because the way I remember it is that the first people to have pioneered this god awful comment trend are Pyrocynical's slop viewers, which now just goes to explain why every time I read the comment format reused by someone it irks me somehow
@@JohnValentine-f1s Never thought about this 😆... It's: Mathematìk, Grammàtik, Mathemàtiker, Lògik, Phonètik, Tèchnik, ... seems that Mathematìk is irregular here
4:48 please stop doing this. It breaks up the flow the video and feels like it’s just an exoticism. Please just say the title and terminology in the target language in which you were clearly addressing your audience.
Yeah, don't throw unsuspecting English speakers into emotional turmoil by exposing them to the sound of other languages. That's just cruel. In earnest, though, I thought his German pronunciation, though not perfect, was pretty good.
@@zvidanyatvetski8081 Yes, the main country and ethnicity needed to pull of anything. Nothing worth doing is easy but it is an obvious and practical aim. If you have any valid criticisms then I'll hear them but you have revealed nothing so far but your own bias.
@@RogerRamos1993 That would be. I'm thinking more along a NATO like alliance and core trade network with a revival of Indo European religion and culture. This would also favor migration between these nations. I'd like to see us less involved with the middle east politically and spiritually. I realize China is a bit hostile but I think we can have a broadly United Eurasia with Eurasianism and Atlanticism in union. I realize Iran is a hard case but I think bringing India into this alliance and encouraging a cultural revival in Europe and the Americas is doable and necessary.
Some alliances and even redrawing of borders or defacto unifications are sensible but I'm ultimately for national sovereignty and voluntary cooperation. That said a nation must be able to stand on its own two feet or it's not naturally viable.
Meanwhile in Germany... The name August and the month August are stressed differently. No joke, lol. You said "auGUst" and that's the month. The name would be "AUgust".
Whoops. That's my fault. I lived for six months in Germany, have visited many times and studied German at university, but that was in the mid-1970s. Long. long ago. As soon as I read your comment, I remembered, i swear!
The german pronunciation of titles could be dropped. It feels pretentious when you don’t also say the English translation. Great channel ty for the videos
yeah... while the video itsrlf is very interesting, pronuncing words with 'native' pronunciation looks pretentious and unnecessary. Well... it doesn't just 'look' that way, it is pretentious. Just like we all have that friend: - You know, last month I was in DEUTSCHLAND! For Christ's sake if you speak English speak English, don't jump between languages for showing off
it might be far clear to compare other's european language's with ancient sanskrit especially theraweda (dead language),not some mixed language's like greek,roman and the most funny english (that's pathetic) 😂 go back from imperialism of 18-19 century and move out to 21 century
@@katon44 you’re not done editing your comment, oh boy happens to me all the time also.🤣🫣 “ it might be far clearer to compare other European languages with ancient Sanskrit, especially the Vedas … instead of mixed languages like Greek, Roman, or the most funny one English … “ “go back from imperialism of 18th to 19th centuries and move out to 21st century” - in English we would say: “lose the imperialism of past two centuries and get back to 21st century” Now I really am intrigued to know what your mother’s tongue is🤣🖖
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
![Noob To Max With DRAGON REWORK In Blox Fruits [FULL MOVIE]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/LnBMOinoOvA/mqdefault.jpg)
On the diagram of Schleicher's tree model, I accidentally have the labels for "Slavo-Germanic" and "Balto-Slavic" switched around. You can check the research document linked in the description to see the original image of the tree.
thank you ❤ we survived😂
i still wonder to this day how many Indo-European branches were lost forever simply because they were never written
We can say that for every language family
@@prasoonjha1816 Right, but they still wonder...
For this we should celebrate the diversity of the surviving languages, and maintain efforts for education and promotion of the languages important to our many many cultures.
These weren't written either. They were passed orally. It wasn't for thousands of years after that they were written when vocabularies were first organized and written down.
You should look into the 'Temematic' Family Hypothesis
great video, i appreciate what must be the insane amount of research you put into everything. i look forward to the next one!
Hiring a passionate researcher has definitely helped to bring my channel to the next level.
The thing I love most about this channel is that it gives you the origins of an idea.
As a lover of history it allows one to connect the dots of why a certain people at a certain time believed something when you know what terminology was popular when and where.
i love the verdana jumpscares from when the font you guys use doesn't have a glyph for schwa
to avoid this, they should've used noto, gentium, junicode, dejavu sans, or some other unicode font
@metachirality and this is why i often use dejavu sans, much to the chagrin of my girlfriend
Best private academia on RUclips right now. Great work and editing. Loved the recommended and shown books of original and translated titles so one can read where the ideas and comparisons came from . Very interesting stuff!
This is an amazing video, probably the best introduction to the family I’ve ever seen.
excellent video
I love the study of languages because its a reflection of our shared history and reveals how interconnected we all are. Thanks for this video :)
Watching all videos chronologically has been quite a ride! The "doubt" -> "think" -> "solve" chain is very exciting
Trivia: the Brothers Grimm of fairytale fame were also linguists.
They are the same men!
Excellent travail ! This series is so well put together, I can't wait for the rest!
11:17 it would be amazing if someone took the wave model and had it come twords us along the Y axis changing. Computers dont limit us to X and Z anymore, we can add the time dimension if anyones willing to make the animation.
This channel is going to grow big
An excellent introduction that is easy to follow. Subscribed and ready for more.
Awesome video, great amount of work.
Praise ve the algorithmic gods to bring upon me your relaunched channel! All the best to everyone involved.
Great series. Looking forward to the next vids.
Incredible work guys, looking forward to seeing how this story evolves!
Thank you so much for providing these videos, this is one of my greatest interests
I was looking something to watch and this gem was just suddenly uploaded, neat!
Pretty well done, thank you very much for that!! 👍 👍 😃 😃 🤗 🤗
I loved the video and the explanations: extremely detailed and complete, the care of pronouncing correctly the names of French, Latin and other international paperworks.
This video is a goldmine to someone keen on linguistics :)
I'm guessing that's an AI voice...
Are there any books written in the last 50 years that are good to read on this subject?
Top notch. Can´t wait for the next part.
You just gained a new subscriber. Wonderful video
I love that you put effort into pronouncing German correctly!
Thank you. My German is a little rusty now, but 40 years ago, I lived in Köln, and could speak German (and Kölsch) fairly well - The narrator.
Thank you for an excellent overview of the history of PIE research 🙏🏻
Fascinating. Thanks for all the research this must have entailed.
jeets bout to go crazy with dis one
Bloody basterd
5:21 Pre- Indo European = PIE ❤
Russian/Bulgarian/Ukrainian seem to be closest to the PIE nowadays.
I love reconstructing words using the PIE 😂
Thank you , enjoyed your video, and your German is pretty good as well.
Vielen Dank!❤
Thumbs up 👍and subscribed 🔔
Great video. Really informative.
Great channel. Very interested in historical Lingustics
Amazing work!
a very interesting video and a good jumping block for the next video!
8:05 in English this should have been translated as - “Commentary on the dominance of Prusso-Lithuanian in Slavic and Latvian languages”.
“Borusso-Lithuanic” is a brilliant term. Now I know where the name “boris” comes from.
No, -que suffix in Latin means "and".
@spotlight-kyd 🤔 your comment does not seem to pertain to my time coded comment.
“No, -que suffix in latin means “and”
The Latin word “que” comes from the Latin word “quid”, which means "what".
From Proto-Italic *-kʷe (“and”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kʷe (“and”).
Cognates include Sanskrit च (ca), Ancient Greek τε (te), Faliscan -𐌂𐌖𐌄 (-cue), Proto-Germanic *-hw ( → English (thou)gh).
Its alternative use as a generalizing particle "any, -every" with pronouns and adverbs may result from a shift from an earlier meaning along the lines of "as".
There are also a number of words that are etymologically suffixed with this particle but that have developed specific meanings not clearly analyzable in terms of either of these senses, such as dēnique (“finally; at length”)
@@Ithinkthereforeiam-ph9nb I'm sorry, I somehow read a -que at the end of "Borriscae". I don't know why, probably because of the "Letticisque" later in the title. So, please forget what I said :-/
@ 🤣🤣🤣 don’t worry about it. 🫶
I am laughing because , it often happens to me… I start answering somebody’s comment and then while I’m writing it that video ends and next video in queue starts playing… I end up posting my comment under somebody else’s comment pertaining to the new video.
I thought the same thing happened to you .
But no problem , now you also know what QUE stands for as a word
So in croatian we say "kay"@@Ithinkthereforeiam-ph9nb
Leaving a comment for the algorithm, as I like all 3 videos this channel has uploaded so far very much
As a history buff, this is gold.
The Yamnaya and Sintashta!
😃
It was the corded ware culture that spread the language across Europe, not yamnaya
Can't wait for the next one!
17:06 It was the palatalised /ḱ/ sound such as in the word "ḱm̥tóm" and not "plain" /k/ which became /s/ etc. in satem languages.
Therefore there has also been a different sound change in Latin etc. from /ḱ/ > /k/.
That presumes that it was actually palatalised, which need not have been the case. We can only really conclude that it was at a place of articulation different from the "velars" and "labiovelars", and that it was probably further forward than at least the former.
@@DoctorKalkyl Ok, but even if it wasn't palatalised per se, still the main point is, that it was not "plain" /k/, that changed which is a very important point, because it was a completely different phoneme in PIE.
@@Luki25317 You are correct, he did use the wrong symbol, I missed that on the first watch, since he uses the correct symbol when he shows the actual reconstructions.
You are legend bro,please proceed releasing videos
really enjoyed the insights in this video, the way you broke down the complexities of language reconstruction is impressive! but I have to say, I'm not fully convinced that we can accurately reconstruct a language that hasn't been spoken for so long. I mean, isn't there a risk of projecting modern linguistics onto something we’ll never truly understand?
Fantastic video! Showed this to my gf as an introduction
On the diagram of the tree model, I think you accidentally have the labels for "Slavo-Germanic" and "Balto-Slavic" switched around.
Thanks for pointing it out, I will make a pinned comment.
Is there any plans on rereleasing the new video that was recently removed?
Yes, I am currently looking to outsource content review, as typos and other errors keep slipping past me. Sorry for the wait, but I want to make sure that I release good content for the viewers.
I still think that PIE is a Sprachbund similar to Altaic rather than a single cohesive language. There are still aspects of each Indo-European languages that prove they have significant, non-PIE influence. This is handwaved away as a "substrate", yet similar discrepancies are used to discredit Altaic & Paleo-European/Vasconic.
now do one on the devolution of dialects - as in the "fred it frough", (thread it through) - from the supporting spectator at my local small town Australian rules footbal club standing behind the goal posts, encouraging a straight free-kick between the posts from the player of his team
Great presentation
I dont know anything about linguistics, but this is extremely interesting
An interesting thing if you know grims law is if you take proto germanic and undo it the resulting language sounds very baltic to my ear.
there's no proto-germanic language 😂
@@katon44 With a face of shock thinks to himself - people like this exist...
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714indeed people with knowledge from researches made in 21 century live nowadays as well as some with imperial fantasy of 18-19 century on some deep anglosaxon (not really prussian itself) province / there're two groups of indoeuropan (r1) invaders of europe after iceberg's period of time - baltoslavs (r1a) and italocelts (r1b) like in old scythian legend about two brothers,both groups merged with old europeans (i2),nordic one (i1) which might be connected to there "proto-germanic" bullshit seems to be moved from scandinavia thousand years later after invasion of r1a and r1b there / dna cannot lie,evidence's like battle of doleza,battle of tollense or lusatian culture,then pomeranian culture and andronovo culture as well
@@katon44 ŠMH - What are you on?
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714no "germans" or "germanic" until invasion of r1a and r1b to scandinavia (conquest of old europeans i1,old gods died) nor moving out alemans (franks) to europe paid by byzantium empire
I think the amount of effort and the quality of this video are very high.
Only one thing I found a bit annoying was spelling each work’s complete name in whatever language. I was wondering why it was neccessay. But don’t mind me.
Nice informative video nonetheless
Amazing video!
Could the languages be classified like this? Did some research and ended up making this chart:
1. Anatolian.
2. Tocharian.
3. Germano-Italo-Celtic.
3.1. Germanic.
3.2. Italo-Celtic.
3.2.1. Italic.
3.2.2. Celtic.
4. Paleo Balkan.
4.1. Albanian.
4.2. Graeco-Armenian.
4.2.1. Greek.
4.2.2. Armenian.
5. Indo-Slavic.
5.1. Indo-Iranian.
5.1.1. Indic.
5.1.2. Iranian.
5.1.3. Nuristani.
5.2. Balto-Slavic.
5.2.1. Baltic.
5.2.2. Slavic.
Wow, you pronounce very well the 'Hochdeutsche Sprache'.
as a fellow language enthusiast I really liked this video, is there anyway by which I can contribute or collaborate with this project
I thought that was Freddie Mercury in the middle of the thumbnail.
very good stuff
The OIT is certainly NOT discredited. Nobody knows exactly where the Proto-Indo-Europeans came from. Even great Indologists like JP Mallory have insisted on this point, mentioning the Caucuses as a possibility. It could have been India as well. That has never actually been ruled out, simply not liking it doesn't disprove it.
Very informative!
Could not manage to follow linguistics - too immersed in this amazing , 'climb into your soul' VOICE!! Will have to watch again ( many times)
I actually don't understand why the Neogrammarians felt that Laryngeal Theory didn't accord with their own views... isn't it positing a systematic sound change in the Neogrammarian tradition to resolve seeming exceptions?
Yes, but until hittite, it was only a theoretical, without ‘textual’ evidence. It’s like as if Saussure was pointing at a void, and the rest simply said “I don’t see anything!” Only after Hittite decipherment could the ‘void’ be filled with a tangible lagyngeal. Now there was actually visible evidence of a phoneme having existed beyond its ripple effects that it left on the surrounding vowels.
@@6515cg But to me, it seems that his proposal would still neatly comport to exactly what the Neogrammarians wanted. I’m surprised they didn’t jump on board with the prediction
great video
why do you sound like RetroAhoy?
Yeah, now that I think about, he does
Salut from Sino-Tibetan, Japonic and Koreanic language families
a dislike for escaping James Princep and Pali/Prakrit classical language in Dhamm script
Buen video, saludos del Perú :3
2:07 that is not e, that is ē, vowel lengh man, it matters. Imagine if the /i/ in ease /i:z/ and is /iz/ was pronounced the same by someone, uninteligable speach.
Alexander conquered the persian empire so could there not be a greek influence on the indo european languages east of greece, like the indo iranian languages and the indo european indian languages? India was also part of the persian empire, so the langauges could have all influenced each other via empires. Does that make them all one family?
12:18 very patriarchal indeed. The irony is - PIE was a female oriented language originally, as they worshipped the moon before any other gods.
Pater, mater, frater - should have been ; Mater, Gʷḗn, Meh₁not…
PIE word for moon is “Meh₁not” - main part in the word “mehn-strua-tion” and “moh-nth”
PIE name for "woman" is gʷḗn. (pronounced - zhen) It also means "queen" and/or “gynecology”
PIE for "sister" is nowadays still unknown, but there’s related information about “sister" in other languages:
Middle English “sister” is from Old English sweostor and from Old Norse systir - interbred at the same time.
Latin word for "sister" is soror - "sororal" means "relating to one's sister/sisters"….
Albanian word for "sister" is motër.
Sanskrit word for "sister" is svasṛ
❤🖖
What do you mean by "female oriented language"?
@ google it…
“Here are some examples of ancient societies that were more female-oriented or had more equitable gender roles:
Ancient Egypt
Women were held in higher esteem than in Mesopotamia, and had the same legal rights as men, though this depended on social class. Some notable female rulers include Queen Hatshepsut, who ruled during a time of peace and prosperity.
The Mosuo
A matriarchal society in southwestern China where women run households and carry on the family name. Women are free to have multiple sexual partners, and children are raised in the mother's home.
The Batek
A hunter-gatherer tribe where women gather fruit and tubers, and sometimes join in group hunts. Women's knowledge of plant distribution is important for making decisions about moving camp.
Early hunter-gatherer societies
Evidence suggests that the sexual division of labor was more equitable in the past, and that women were likely involved in hunting.
in prehistoric societies - human life and celebrations revolved around pregnant women and birth giving.
Females mated with several strong males in her community/tribe, as in bees societies - males were the “drones”.
@@Dr.Yalex.
Your reply doesn't adress PIE
@@gunjfur8633 female oriented language = gender sensitive. Feminine.
The moon, was considered by humanity and worshiped as the very first immortal Goddess before the sun was worshiped as a male God.
I’m trying very hard to explain things to you , I’m sorry you’re not on the level yet.
@“PIE” - pre-Indo -European language. I understand and speak that language. It is in my DNA. I don’t know how else to explain it to you.
All Latin languages , all Greek languages, all Slavic languages, and many more - began in the settlements/territory of ямная, (yamnaya) pit culture.
I understand that ancient language, let me know what you need help with.
There’s also the Greek φράτηρ not meaning brother but kinsman. It is not a loan word.
Who is proud to be Indoeuropean?💪💪💪
I thought you only said Frater when your brother is also your father.
19:42 for those who don't know, "kafiri" means "the heathens" which the nuristanis were called by the surrounding muslim population
they are old hindus right ?
The terms Kafir and Kafiri come from Arabic kāfir, meaning "infidel," and allude to the time before the populace of what is now called Nuristan (formerly Kafiristan, in the Hindu Kush in northeastern Afghanistan) was forcibly converted to Islam at the turn of the 20th century. Both Kafir and Kafiri are dated terms and are now often considered offensive; Nuristani is used instead.
@@sumslayanah either clasical Hinduism or Buddism or admixture
Muslim called them butparast ( worshiper of idols ,its also mean worshiper of Buddha)
Old Hinduism had no concept of idol worshiping they did yagna for worshiping gods
20:50 Macedonian originates from Bulgarian, they're not on the same level.
This an absolutely fascinating video. 💯
The very best in the subject!
Thank you very much!
It's wonderful to see Ferdinand's contribution even though Neogrammarians were not Saussure about that 😂
1:28
Netherlands are not included, lol
You can clearly see the Ijsselmeer region being coloured violet, but it doesn't seem to extend far enough to the south to include Flanders. But South Tyrol is also omitted. And South Africa ;-), etc...
I wonder if early indo-Europeans people had any kind of communication with Sumerians. Maybe they exchanged some words.
Seems unlikely as they inhabited different sides of the caucasus range, and to this day the caucasus is still extremely difficult to traverse
@@nyko921difficult certainly not impossible
Are u using ur real voice this time
I hired a narrator.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial Could you tell him, that Scandinavian Kn- ,in for instanstance Knut, is pronounced KN- ? This is true for Swedish, Danish and Norwegian.
@@mariiris1403 Got it.😀
@@TheRichTurner 😃
In the last diagramm the Belarusian (and debatably Ruthenian) is missing.
Crazy
Out of India theory has not been debunked.
Unbiasoed history and truth will appear gradually as European dominence is on decline.
Oh! Easy! Flame in Russian is Plamea, Five=Piat, mother=mater, three=Tree, tree=drevo. So just need change F to P, T to D, TH to T.
English is a very strange language. And who invented the sound TH when there is just T. 😅😅🤔🤔
The out of ukr guys got vindicated.
Nu NINDA-an ezzuteni ma watar ekkuteni...
Brolis
Why do you pronounce german words with "g" as if it was "h"? Its August not Auhust.
Sorry. I'm the narrator. My German's not bad, but for some reason, I thought one of the Augusts in the video was from Sweden.
@@TheRichTurner Yes.
Such is problem with english writing, not changing the spelling of foreign words you have to know the etimology and original ortography to pronounce it right.
My people are much more practical. For example how to say "Ch" in words like Charles and Charlote is not a problem for us as we simply write Čarlzs and Šarlote.
@@baltulielkungsgunarsmiezis9714Good for you.
Hi...
I do a lot of voiceovers, speaking Arabic and English almost equally well, although Arabic is my mother tongue.
I do wish have your permission to make an Arabic version of your extraordinary videos
My email is in my channel description, you can contact me there to discuss further.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial
I've sent you an email
I hope you received it
@@AmjadSergiwa I don't see an email, I checked my spam folder and there is nothing there either.
@@Indo-EuropeanOfficial
Sorry for such an inconvenient situation..
I resent the email again
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Sounds like Germans are so much interested in language that they invented linguistics.
0 comments in 34 minutes bro fell off
Shut up lil bro
Let this god awful meme die already
@@giorgospapoutsakis5271 I'm honestly bewildered by the fact that the god awful meme even made it this far, because the way I remember it is that the first people to have pioneered this god awful comment trend are Pyrocynical's slop viewers, which now just goes to explain why every time I read the comment format reused by someone it irks me somehow
0 replies in 1 second, don't be a hypocrite
@@icygeometry Agreed
О
In German, the stress in "Grammatik" is on the 2nd a, not in the last i :) Otherwise your German reading is very very good!
Thank you. My German must be getting rusty. I don't get enough of a chance to put it to good use these days.
Yeah, good old 'Grammatik' 'Mathematik' pair. Always made me confused )
@@JohnValentine-f1s Never thought about this 😆... It's: Mathematìk, Grammàtik, Mathemàtiker, Lògik, Phonètik, Tèchnik, ... seems that Mathematìk is irregular here
@@shinzon0 Yeah, German stress in general looks predictable for me but it has some quirks.
Also, 'Physik' )
@JohnValentine-f1s Didn't notice although I am Phỳsiker 😆 I might have a look at the ancient greek origins, whats going on with accents there
In the last Proto-Indo-European family tree you didn't put Manx or Cornish in the tree.
He omitted many individual languages within the branches. Otherwise the tree would have been too big and unreadable
4:48 please stop doing this. It breaks up the flow the video and feels like it’s just an exoticism. Please just say the title and terminology in the target language in which you were clearly addressing your audience.
Yeah, don't throw unsuspecting English speakers into emotional turmoil by exposing them to the sound of other languages. That's just cruel.
In earnest, though, I thought his German pronunciation, though not perfect, was pretty good.
Don’t get mad because you haven’t learned German.
All Indo European nations should be united. It would be good for the broader culture and global stability.
Let me guess, you're american
@@zvidanyatvetski8081 Yes, the main country and ethnicity needed to pull of anything. Nothing worth doing is easy but it is an obvious and practical aim. If you have any valid criticisms then I'll hear them but you have revealed nothing so far but your own bias.
Not united as in one country, you mean? That would be a hellava country.
@@RogerRamos1993 That would be. I'm thinking more along a NATO like alliance and core trade network with a revival of Indo European religion and culture. This would also favor migration between these nations.
I'd like to see us less involved with the middle east politically and spiritually. I realize China is a bit hostile but I think we can have a broadly United Eurasia with Eurasianism and Atlanticism in union.
I realize Iran is a hard case but I think bringing India into this alliance and encouraging a cultural revival in Europe and the Americas is doable and necessary.
Some alliances and even redrawing of borders or defacto unifications are sensible but I'm ultimately for national sovereignty and voluntary cooperation. That said a nation must be able to stand on its own two feet or it's not naturally viable.
Meanwhile in Germany... The name August and the month August are stressed differently. No joke, lol. You said "auGUst" and that's the month. The name would be "AUgust".
Whoops. That's my fault. I lived for six months in Germany, have visited many times and studied German at university, but that was in the mid-1970s. Long. long ago. As soon as I read your comment, I remembered, i swear!
The german pronunciation of titles could be dropped. It feels pretentious when you don’t also say the English translation. Great channel ty for the videos
yeah... while the video itsrlf is very interesting, pronuncing words with 'native' pronunciation looks pretentious and unnecessary.
Well... it doesn't just 'look' that way, it is pretentious. Just like we all have that friend:
- You know, last month I was in DEUTSCHLAND!
For Christ's sake if you speak English speak English, don't jump between languages for showing off
He says all titles in their respective original languages, not only German.. Personally I find it quite charming in a video about languages.
it might be far clear to compare other's european language's with ancient sanskrit especially theraweda (dead language),not some mixed language's like greek,roman and the most funny english (that's pathetic) 😂 go back from imperialism of 18-19 century and move out to 21 century
@@katon44 you’re not done editing your comment, oh boy happens to me all the time also.🤣🫣
“ it might be far clearer to compare other European languages with ancient Sanskrit, especially the Vedas … instead of mixed languages like Greek, Roman, or the most funny one English … “
“go back from imperialism of 18th to 19th centuries and move out to 21st century” - in English we would say: “lose the imperialism of past two centuries and get back to 21st century”
Now I really am intrigued to know what your mother’s tongue is🤣🖖
Huh? He used tons of IE languages and they all have a relationship to sanskrit
Don't use "Indo-European," use "Aryan" instead.
“Aryan” refers specifically to the Proto-Indo-Europeans who migrated to Iran and India
@@iillililillliliilliiililil5066 Still Aryans. Europeans have no relation to pajeeeeeets.
@@nosotrosloslobosestamosreg4115 pajeets look more closer to Yamnayas, brown eyes black hair.
That term is more so used for the Indo-Iranian languages, since that's a shared term used by both the Indic and Iranian branches.
Lmfao I'm a european and I know we aren't Aryan. We are European. Period