How Physics Saved Two Million Premature Babies
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- Опубликовано: 13 фев 2017
- This video is in collaboration with Bill and Melinda Gates. You can check out the Gates Annual Letter here: b-gat.es/2lhhtmJ.
Doctors beat back a disease that was killing tens of thousands of babies a year with a machine based on a simple principle of physics.
Thanks to Bill and Melinda Gates for their financial support. Thanks also to our supporters on / minuteearth
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FYI: We try to leave jargon out of our videos, but if you want to learn more about this topic, here are some keywords to get your googling started:
Preterm Birth: The leading cause of death of children under five years old, prematurity occurs for a variety of different reasons.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A syndrome in premature babies caused by insufficient production of pulmonary surfactant.
Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs that allow for rapid gas exchange
Pulmonary Surfactant: A mixture of lipids and proteins that decreases surface tension in the alveoli.
Law of Laplace: A law of physics stating that the pressure within a sphere is inversely proportional to its radius.
CPAP: A ventilator that provides Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) to keep the airways open.
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Credits (and Twitter handles):
Script Writer: David Goldenberg (@dgoldenberg)
Script Editor: Emily Elert (@eelert)
Video Illustrator: Ever Salazar (@eversalazar)
Video Director: Kate Yoshida (@KateYoshida)
Video Narrator: Emily Elert (@eelert)
With Contributions From: Henry Reich, Alex Reich, Peter Reich
Music by: Nathaniel Schroeder: / drschroeder
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If you liked this week’s video, we think you might also like:
10 Awesome Balloon Tricks by Mr. Hacker: • 10 Incredible Balloon ...
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References:
Gregg, R. Bernstein, J. (1961). Pulmonary Hyaline Membranes and the Respiratory Distress Syndrome. American Journal of Diseases of Children 102 (871-889). Retrieved from: jamanetwork.com/journals/jamap...
Gregory, G., Kitterman, J., Phibbs, R., Tooley, W., and Hamilton, W. (1971). Treatment of the Idiopathic Respiratory-Distress Syndrome with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. New England Journal of Medicine 284 (1333-1340). Retrieved from: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4...
Kamath, B., MacGuire, E., McClure, E., Goldenberg, R., and Jobe, A. (2011) Neonatal Mortality From Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Lessons for Low-Resource Countries. Pediatrics 127 (1139-1146). Retrieved from: pediatrics.aappublications.org...
Mai, C., Yaster, M., Firth, P. (2013). The development of continuous positive airway pressure:an interview with Dr. George Gregory. Pediatric Anaesthesia 23 (3-8). Retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2... 
Наука
A lot of you have the same strange (and great!) question: why doesn't "alveoli" doesn't seem to rhyme with "ravioli"? Long story short: ravioli is the plural of the Italian word raviolo, and thus is pronounced with a long "e" sound. Alveoli is the plural of the Latin word alveolus, and this is pronounced with the long "i" sound.
ravioli ravioli, give me the formuoli
I'm subbed to u
Although the romans pronounced an 'i' like a long e....
MinuteEarth w122
*_RAVIOLI RAVIOLI WHATS IN THE POCKETOLI_*
By the way, CPAP stands for "Continuous Positive Airway Pressure" :)
As a translator, I hate medical jargons. LOL
bugMASTER The only other place I see positive pressure is in computer airflow. By the way, negative pressure, and yes, I know how pressure works, too.
As someone who knows English, that's a name I can appreciate.
It actually tells you what the thing is.
It will forever be CRAP for me
bugMASTER I thought you said crap
2:02 Someone else read CRAP by mistake?
Leinad link me
Leinad link Meeee
i did almost every time :v
I thought they're typing "link me" and I kept wondering what it means 😂😂 it turns out, "me" just got mixed with your name lol
My aunt had a bottle labeled CPAP cleaner in her cabinet. Definitely did a double take when I saw that.
I'm so happy that medicine has come so far! My younger brother was born three months early. He has grown up to be a healthy three year old, and I can't imagine life without him!
Alien V this is exactly why I love science. Hearing things like this makes me love it more. I wish nothing but the best to you and your baby brother! ❤️
Wow, how old are you then? Between me and my sister we are 7 years appart, but you don't write like a 12 year old.
(Or you could just be smart, I'm so used to dumb kids these days)
Leinad link 3+7=10
The irony about medicine is that it allows weaker genes, like those that would otherwise kill offspring, to more easily flourish. Our medical science is making us stronger as a society, but weaker as a species.
Suedocode
As a species, we are now armed with tools we didn't have before. It does not matter if half of the western world now has impaired vision - we have glasses, it is not important anymore. Saying it makes us weaker as a species is like saying that an animal that lost it's gigantic horns and claws is weaker. It is true - but if it has no natural enemies, it does not matter.
I was one of those 2 million premature babies 😊✨
Oyinkanotubanjo Same :D
7 weeks :D
well play mate.
I might not know you but the world wouldn't be the same without you
+Deavion Martin Are you pro-choice or pro-life? Answer honestly.
This invention is probably why I'm alive. I was a premature baby right after that rise in survival rates, and I did have lung problems when I was born. Thank you physics for saving my life!
Same
Ravioli, ravioli
What's in the alveoli
Wojtek Piechaczek Ravioli Ravioli, give me the formuoli.
Ganaram Inukshuk
"RELEASE THE LOAD!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!"
Release the schmoo
Apparently surfactants. And Co2.
Was looking for this
Normally I'm just a lurker here, but seeing the footnote at 2:45 inspired me to comment. David, I hope your daughter is now healthy and happy. Writing the script for this must have meant a lot to you, so thank you for sharing this knowledge with us.
hmm... I was a baby with RDS. hi
stinknus me to
I don’t know about me
stinknus hi
i was a premature baby because my mother had uterine fibroids
Hi! You're cool, I'm cool, everyone's cool
+1 faith in humanity.
This is a long time after your comment, but I just watched this after reading a bunch of RUclips comments arguing about vaccines, and this made me feel a lot better
@@theawecat27
Awesome to hear. Seeing your comment definitely put a smile on my face, so thank you.
bop
bop
I was almost born two months premature but then decided "nope" and was "overcooked" by about a month, as my parents like to say.
You could have called the video "How Physics killed Two Million Premature Babies" just as easily. xD
fatupha You can just as easily use knowledge of electricity to zap people to death or, I dunno, charge their phones?
Pretty sure they meant Physics saved, as for people with the knowledge in Physics
Ha.... dead babies
fatupha 😃😄😆😂😅😁
You guys seem to have missed the point. They're saying that physics was the thing that killed those babies before we began pumping air into their lungs. It would be just as easy to say that physics killed all those babies as it would to say that they saved the later ones.
This solution is explained with both physics *and* chemistry not just physics.
chem is physics
Kevin Burris well with that point of view, literally everything is physics lol
Kevin Burris Obvious you don't know much chemistry!
I'm not entirely sure how you explain the solution using chemistry if the problem is pressure, but the sciences aren't discrete to begin with. Chemistry is essentially physics with a special focus.
+Mark Holm You do realize you're indirectly making the claim that chemistry doesn't abide by the laws of physics, right?
You're like a riddle wrapped in an enigma fished out of a long-forgotten septic tank.
And I used to think that CPAPs were only for snoring lol
They work pretty well for that too!
my dad has one for snoring he has to have it or no sleep of me
As a person who Hates snoring, idk really,
CPAP stands for "Continous positive airway pressure"
This is a fantastic video! So glad for the babies
Holy CPAP!
Joald damn. you made me read crap!
Amit it... Whoever read that read crap...
(Don't worry I did to)
My youngest was born at 26 weeks. I appreciate the effort Bill and Melinda are going through to not only educate but to take action and allow others the same tech that saved my own child.
Woo go physics! Saving babies :)
Lmao fancy seeing you here
I am taking physic this year
Up and Atom agreed cjase i was a preme baby :l
I agree. I Had A Cousin Who Died After 29 Hours From RDS.
but hasn't physics caused the problem in the first place?
Me: Damn Physics is hard and useless
RUclips: *Shows this video*
Me: owh
Bill and Melinda are awesome! Wooh!
Real life versions of Batman, Ironman or any billionaire comic book hero. Because these are REAL problems solved by REAL people.
Apatheism You sir have a REAL problem too...
actually, they are real life versions of the parents of Batman (except for the assassination)
Batman, Ironman, and other billionaire comic book hero's are just fictional versions of Rockefeller, Carnegie, and other mega billionaire philanthropists from the early 20th century.
Adam Cradam Parkes same as Iron man as well. His parents were murdered
If you think about it, Batman and Ironman are kinda terrible. If they want to save people, they should be using their wealth on programs and inventions like these that save millions rather than fighting crime in just one city
my nephew was just recently born and needed a cpap machine, its a really scary thing not knowing why they need the help
2:40 Babies with beards
Allahu akbar
pacukluka what?
Magnus Juul they look like Muslims
Osama Bin Infant
they look like hulk Hogan
I really feel like CPAP can easily be mistaken for another word if one more stroke to that middle P was added.
CBAP! :D
Yeah, like while 5 word in your comment, my brain prefered the other word
Continuous Repetitive Airway Pressure.
Kyle Li CRAP.lol
Yonkage ugh no it's CRAP
Whoever writes those last lines in each of these videos deserves huge praise!
Like really! They're great!
As someone who was born premature, this makes me glad for modern medicine. And I hope that more people can have access to this technology in the future.
Hello Dragon
Thanks, science! I was born prematurely.
2:46 nearly caused me tears. Because of that little * fact. I think it just hits harder when you can connect a name to something like this.
shouldn't this be in minute physics?
What's next, a MinutePhysics video about Earth?
MinuteEarth that would be awesome.
Ali Tuma i think it was a joke because they've already made one.
*"HeY tHiS iS mInUtE pHySiCs NoW WeRe TaLkInG aBoUt SoIl aNd NatUrAl EaRtH eLeMeNtS"*
Thank you science!
Yeah science!
What disturbs me is how some fundamentalists(extreme religious fanatics) are against science and research. Smh.
Jesus they are basically slowing us down from creating more technological stuff
Thank you that one high school class for saving a bunch of little lives!
I've talked with students working on that at Rice!
As a mother of a premie, seeing this technology being shared makes me so happy. Seeing my daughter on CPAP was heartbreaking, but it helped get her through that fragile stage, and now she is thriving. Thank you to the gates foundation for helping other families get the care their premie babies need.
Bill and Melinda Gates are such awesome people
Nope
Rob Why?
@Bobby Ferg: Maybe he installed Win98 or Vista and still suffers trauma?
@@bobbyferg9173 Because they promote the mutilation of baby boy's genitals.
Turbo Rooster I wish I had my foreskin back too😔
No rich premies in the US will die*
The poor ones will still die from lack of insurance.
The US should look into getting universal health care. My country has that. It's pretty great.
SilentBudgie
We were doing better, but it looks like the people benefiting from it most voted in someone who will "repeal and replace" (without the replace part).
I believe emergency can't be ignored, but you still have to foot the bill-
All these babies would have access to care through EMTALA so please educate yourself.
Firstname Lastname People don't pay insurance companies for insurance in the developed world, they pay them for care. Why the fuck do I need to be in touch with an insurance company to go in for a cold (or pay more out of pocket) or for an x ray, or even for something like dialysis? The reality is we need a freer, more competitive market where insurance companies have nothing to do with health care and deal primarily with catastrophes like randomly getting cancer, or some other such expensive and rare thing.
Great job physics! You saved 1000s of babies!
*1000000s
Meanwhile Religious people,: no god did 😤😡😠
This brightened my day, thank you @MinuteEarth !
Aw, the frame at 2:49 is so adorable! I'm glad that those babies could now experience the joy of life!
this invention saved my life
Some of my best friends they r twins and they were 2 months premature. The boy is perfectly healthy but the girl is deaf and she gets awful pains in her stomach sometimes
Channels like this, make me realise how much there is in this world that I don't have the slightest clue about & I love it!!
I can't imagine how ecstatic the man who invented the CPAP was, getting to see the effects of his work and seeing more babies survive.
I love how all areas of study science are connected. 😊
hey random person scrolling through the comments how you doin?
antimage antimage I have an exam tomorrow.
antimage antimage Just looking around.
Benjamin Herrmann same
I'm doing great.
antimage antimage I feel ULTRA procrasrinatory(?) so I did not do any homework yet:]
Hbu?
Watching this with my 9 year old son, I could tell him that this is one of reasons he is alive today.
minute earth thank you for sharimg your knowledge to us....good job for the team.
I work on CPAPs as part of my job and never knew this.
In February of 2000, my twin sister and I were born three months premature. We both were in a disastrous state. While we both had problems, my sister had RDS.
Were it not for this treatment, I wouldn't have my twin sister.
thanks to CPAP for making sure you have a clone ( maybe, idk if youre identical or not )
the last quote makes me feel proud of their work :')
i like the punchline at the end of these videos. its like a cherry on top of a great sundae
Eyyyyy I'm an RDS survivor! :D
GastrodonGuy Good For You !
Me tooo
I died of RDS
@@Beetless And how can you comment here?
Congratulations!
Must feel good, working on science and engineering like that that's going directly to saving lives.
Must also be a ton of pressure on your shoulders though.
2:03 this “someone” has a name and deserve a credit !
I'm glad to see that you made a video about premature babies.I'm actually premature by 1 month in birth
Reloading-the-page-until-a-new-video-appears squad where you at???
Everton Matheus right here
and here! :)
Was it bad I misread the CPAP as Crap?
No
I'm excited to apply to the respiratory care program at my university!
0:34 I learnt about alveoli today in EVS
I was expecting it to be something simple like lay the baby on its back and let gravity do its thing...
I thank this amazing technology every day, as I am born tree and a half months premature. Somehow I'm healthy both mentally and physically, and only struggle with some minor things. Never knew what the CPAP did, but I wore it for quite some time, I didn't know it was that important!
tree?
I think you mean three
Yeah, haha woops
That pun at the end was so funny, I can’t breathe 😂😂😂😂😂
Oh the feel goods. Much needed and much appreciated.
wow, that is awesome :)
Roses are red
Ketchup is too
I got a like!
Wait... why is it blue..?
It's blue cause you liked your own comment. How uncultured you are. FBI's coming for you.
@@PrinceKashyap. r/woooooooooosh
thank you. my daughter was on cpap for fifteen days when she was born at 33 weeks
that's amazing! makes me want to cry! well done humanity!
WHERE'S MY PREMATURE SQUAD AT!!
0:19 Yay!
Thank you for the upload. This was cute, sad, informative, inspiring, and good to see. We've come a long way. I was born a premature. They didnt think I'd survive. I have come a long way too. Back then they didnt have all the techonology, science, medicine, and different things avaliable then. I even had to be transferred to a different hospital. MinuteEarth has great videos. Its a fun way to learn different things.
I just learned this concept in fluid dynamics, and now yt suggested this amazing video to me 😅
"How Physics Saved Two Million Premature Babies"
actually, physics killed the premature babies that didn´t have the cpap, because without that law of physics, the babies would have no problems at all
Shhhh, that's bad branding. Besides you could say that our investigation and knowledge of those laws salved them, which comes to be the same thing as physics more or less.
You could also say that without carbon, people wouldn’t die of CO poisoning
"Without death, people wouldn't die"
Ya a lot of things in the world probably depend on that, so the babies wouldn’t die but they also wouldn’t have been born
Now the world can become overpopulated quicker - yay!
Except the problem is people who fuck like rabbits, not the ones saving lives.
Actually quite the opposite - the more likely children are to survive, the fewer children parents have, and population growth slows down considerably.
"The Overpopulation Problem" has been figured out for years. The answer is development, development, and more development. The more infrastructure, opportunities, medical care, etc that you introduce into a country, the more you find the birth rates plummet. In fact, most of the developed world (Europe and Japan, notably) are on the verge of an underpopulation crises: they aren't having enough babies to care for the current population when they grow up.
These sort of inventions are precisely what we need to curb birth rates and avoid any overpopulation.
El Dominguez, you clearly didn't read last year's letter by Bill and Melinda Gates.
okay
I have to do it
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS,
DEVELOPERS!
I’m a triplet, and we were born early.
I was the only one who could breath right at first. I’m kinda proud of that.
I was born in 1991 at 26 weeks, and if it weren't for the dedication and hard work of doctors and scientists around the globe, I wouldn't be here. This makes me happy knowing there are strides being made with helping premies. :D
Ah, I see you toned down on your pro-abortion propaganda, Emily.
Fuck off
Let's see religion do this with hopes and prayers. LOL
2000 years later, still waiting
Man you're so edgy.
the truth is always edgy
It happens every day tho
To be fair, even if it worked, would you believe it, or would you call it a fluke?
maybe the answer to all those prayers was the scientific breakthrough of CPAP. ;) A lot of religions don't rule out the role of well-meaning humans making the world better. In fact they encourage it.
As a respiratory therapy student, this is gold for me!
2:15
Well that escalated quickly
*prepare for abortion comments*
Fetuses are people (9 months later). Fact.
I'm pro death
Tekno Axe Omg not this again. Ofc i'll care about old people. The thing is, oldpeople actually got a chance at life. Aborted children never had a chance at life. I would rather grow up to be an old person and die, rather than die before even seeing what the outside world looks like in my mother's womb.
+Tekno Axe dude, sperm cells alone do not create life. Its the successful mitosis of sperm and egg cells. Simple biology and youll know thats how we reproduce. ANd by that logic, after successful mitosis that should be considered as new life.
+Tekno Axe Mothers should be responsible for carrying the baby if her partner couldnt put a condom on. It is scary to think mothers can legally kill babies. It is a stupid argument to not consider fetuses life, as they are life, they are a separate body developing with the aid of the mother.
Main reason i'm against abortion is because my best friend still had a good life, even when his mother was still a teen and didnt have financial backing. His mother thought of aborting her son, but luckily she didnt. My best friend who nearly got aborted is now attending MIT, if he was aborted he would never get to have a chance at life, i would have never met him. This brings to light that babies deserve a chance at life, we would never know how their life would turn up if they were killed before even being born, like my friend who became successful.
Wonderful, more human pollution, just what we needed.
You say that but you're still here, lead by example. Hypocrite
Saken Leon nice XD
Ironically he could reduce the population a lot more by killing other people than he could by killing himself.
OP's OC: it's hard to argue your point there, haha.
When a baby dies, people make 2 more babies, especially in the poorer regions. That's their insurance.
These 2 million saved babies prevented perhaps 4 million babies and also kept the families out of more devastating poverty, a loop/vicious cycle, coz pregnancy is costly and the women's health detiorates.
Great video. Thanks for that!
Such a good and happy video. It's so nice c:
great !!! more people for overpopulation
indrojit baidya actually, lower infant and child mortality rates are tied to lower population growth, as once it is more or less guaranteed that all children will reach adulthood, people stop having loads of babies because their reason to is gone.
Lord Inquisitor
agreed
yeah, just to chime in here, the population explosions happened in areas of the world which are very recently modernizing. The issue is mostly education. They are still stuck in their mindset that if they don't have 5+ kids some of them will die and they won't have kids to carry on the family or take care of them. They don't yet realize that modern medicine will prevent most of those child deaths. It is a cultural thing. However, in the 1st world nearly all countries that slowly industrialized over the past 200 years have had time to adapt to this idea and realize kids now cost more money and time and couples in those countries have less kids. Generally right around the replacement rate of humans (even less in Europe). The only reason the population is growing at all in Europe is due to immigration. So honestly overpopulation problems are pretty localized now. It is entirely possible if we tighten immigration that the problem will solve itself. The main reason, I think, overpopulation is so hyped is that businesses and countries are worried it will lower living standards. The issue isn't so much that we can't support 15 billion (we totally could) it is that the world won't be as nice with 15 billion. However, technology is constantly allowing us to grow our food and live in less space. (look at modern cities and farm factories in Japan). Japan has a much higher population density then in the US or Europe and yet it remains a nice country. I think the world will be ok if we are reasonable and climate change is solved. The technology of 2050 will easily allow the world to handle 10 billion people. And that should give the 3rd world enough time to realize they don't need as many kids.
Bro that's offensive
HAH !
SCIENCE BITCH !
I’m so happy for David!
This was a touching story. Yay science & physics!
That was a really interesting video. I wasn't aware of it.
Also the comparison with the ballon was pretty good. Does it have something to do with surface and volume in each of the ballons?
Nice video.. brought a smile and a tear..
Awww that sweet that babies gave have stopped dying plz keep doing what your doing
Awesome video! Make more like this!
*THIS IS INTERESTING WHY AREN'T THINGS LIKE THIS TRENDING ALL THE TIME!*
oh wow, glad to hear about some of the science that let me sit here and type this! neat stuff.
At first i though this channel will be full with 1min videos explaining cool things
This video is better than my lectures. Thank you so much.
Congrats, David!
Thank you for this
This was the very first Minute Earth video I had ever watched, I think...
Hey! I saw that! Give that video back to Minutephysics!
Great video very educational
When I was born in 1981 as a premature baby my lungs were not fully developed and without modern medicine I would most likely not be here, writing this comment. But it was a big stress for my parents, as they had to leave me behind in the hospital and could not take home. Lucky for me that I was born in a part of the world where medicine was pretty good at that time. Maybe even better than today in some aspects.
I'm glad for my mom's work in the NICO
that basically means premature babies and sick babies
Thank you physics! I was in-fact one of those 2/4 extra babies that were able to survive RDS because of a CPAP.