Improbable Tales of Survival by Sam O'Nella | A History Teacher Reacts
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- Опубликовано: 9 фев 2025
- Original Video: • Improbable Tales of Su...
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*“He did lose a bit of his mind which caused him to lose his mind a bit”*
That’s gotta be my favourite Sam O’Nella quote
Law of syllogism
I like "My god. Did something just move somewhere?"
"MY HEART A SEIZING MY LUNG A WHEEZIN THE FUCKING WALLS ARE MELTING I CAN HEAR SATAN TELLING ME TO INVEST IN APPLE WHY DOES HE WANT ME TO BUY APPLES"
This is my favorite quote from sam
"Thought Juice"
“Swiss miss, instant PISS.”
Phineas Gage is covered in every Psychology 101 class, normally as an example of the effects of brain trauma on the brain.
I learned about Phineas Gage too, but mainly as a case study for localised brain functions. Its crazy (the story, not the concept lol)!
I learned about him in an osha course about wearing a helmet and understanding the materials you are handling
The moment Phineas Gage was mentioned I thought, "The railroad lobotomy guy".
It's an interesting survival story, lesson in human durability and psychology to be sure and most people remember him for this.
However, his story is quite tragic.
The man he was before the incident essentially died that day.
Who he became (as a result) was dysfunctional and lost everything and everyone he once held dear.
A fascinating story but a tragic one.
Brain trauma in the where??
@@dissmo706 I believe they said brain. I know right, how unusual is it to have brain trauma in the brain?
I hope whoever has this guy as their history teacher appreciates him
I wish he was mine that would be cool
Facts
Surprised some of his students hasn't commented on this
@Uriah Bruffett
Bruh
I wish he was mine!
"Unregulated railroad jobs"
Those three words alone gave me goosebumps...
I know right?? It's sounds like a breeding ground for disaster.
@Crispy Crisp Even Better - CAMOUFLAGED makeshift Flamerthrowers
I'm German and this is a fricking tongue twister
@@kathyhavelka7612 UNINTENTIONALLY CAMOUFLAGED SHORT-CIRCUITED FLAMETHROWER
Same with makeshift wooden fire tosser on wood boat
Phineas Gage is actually a big case study for psychologists. I didn't major or minor in it but it was something mentioned both in a psych class I took in college and the psych class I took in high school as well.
I just heard about him in psychology
We also talk about him in philosophy classes... Funny enough I'm talking a class called "Philosophy of The Mind" right now and it came up... It's relevant in that when you're talking about what the mind is, you gotta consider how mental states work in conjunction with brain states... If a change to your brain state (i.e. losing a chunk of your brain) can result in changes to ones mental states (the state of their mind) then it kind of goes to support the idea that there is a connection between brain states and mental states... This can be a problem for some theories of the mind, like, I think with idealism the mind is supposedly some immaterial thing (like a soul) which should be unaffected by the brain... Of course, these days idealism isn't too popular, but there's also other theories that you could bring this up with, idealism is just the most obvious...
Psych class
my elementary school had a book on him, and back then I was a huge nerd so I decided to read it lmao
Yeah my HS psych talked about him
Survival is weird, there are people surviving pieces of their brains getting blasted off before they even had antibiotics let alone understanding of the brain. But at the same time the number of people who died from a minor scratch is too high to count.
its just luck
Lots and lots of lucks. We don’t really think about those who did died with a blast to the head or survived a minor scratch.
That’s genetic variance baby
Survivorship bias. We only notice the ones that survive
Like everyone said, we only remember these instances because a normal person wouldn't be likely to survive such injuries.
Or in the case of the last guy, just being left paraplegic on the wild. That was a horrible injury but it wouldn't necessarily kill you like you'd expect the others to.
The functions necessary for life (respiration, homeostasis, etc.) are located in the brainstem. So damage, even severe damage, to higher areas is not necessarily immediately fatal (unless major blood vessels are injured). Phineas Gage damaged the frontal lobe, an area involved in personality, judgement, and impulse control.
On Ron Hunt: The brain is actually a pretty deformable tissue (kind of like firm jelly). It can actually adapt pretty well even to large changes in pressure, but usually more so (without injury) to slower growing pressure (like a tumor). But it can be squeezed aside from sudden trauma as well, though that is more likely to cause lasting damage. Source: In medical school
Wait wait wait are you saying that our brains can change its shape like fucking jelly? Wtf
The thinking parts not as important, look up civil servants who have had much of their brain area taken up by fluid. I've heard it has come up a few times I've heard of. Some interesting stuff there to make you go "really?"
Fun fact, when learning combat marksmanship as a marine they taught us that the only place you can shoot someone one and them instantly is by shooting them in the TBox, the area of your eyes and the bridge of your nose because the bullet would completely destroy the brain stem, killing the person. At least that’s what I was taught.
@@BrotherBlakeUSMC , but isn't the brain stem a bit lower than that area?
@@Misto_deVito6009 well they are quite squishy, and they have a lot of water in them.
Christ Chan is actually a reference to Chris Chan with the striped shirt. The dudes life story is like watching a train wreck in slow motion
He should be taught in school about the influences of people and mental illness
@@samuraijackoff5354 he definitely could be used as a cautionary tale for kids about the dangers of putting yourself online but given the content of the Chris-Chan saga I doubt schools will ever touch it.
I mean, the “Christ” part definitely does work as a reference to Jesus, as well as allowing for the pun on “Chris-Chan”
I’d never heard of the dude, so I made the mistake of googling the dude, and yeah it literally is a train wreck of a life in slow motion.
@@formerctgovernordannelmall1452 plus Christine was and maybe still is a follower of a Christian faith.
Sam "hey kids" while waving
Terry waves back 😂
Just found it funny because I do the same 😂
The pit of gunpowder that blew up in Gage's face was later revealed to have been right over a flint deposit, which creates sparks when the tamping iron struck it.
I don’t know if you’ll see this, but the story he doesn’t tell about Phineas Gage is quite interesting as well. The rod went through his frontal lobe, which miraculously, doesn’t control any life-regulating functions like breathing. Instead, the frontal lobe and the connections of the neurons is what determines things like memory, and personality.
Wow. Answers my questions of how the heck he survived for so long after the initial injury.
Yeah…it’s amazing what the human body can do without the frontal lobe
@@zackattack32 cool reference
Phineas Gage had a nickname for that tamping iron. He called it "His faithful friend" or something to that effect.
Yeah, he called it his "Constant Companion" and even had it inscribed.
It’s in the striped shirt because of Chris-Chan
The one and only true God
@@simpletravel346 bless up
@@simpletravel346 We have been blursed by the arrival of the sacred lolcow
I kinda feel bad for the dude.
@@chubana8953 I go through waves of feeling bad and then remembering the things they’ve done to other people and I’m just constantly torn. But they’re the main character of all this we’re just world building at best
Mr. Terry didn't get the Chris chan reference.
That's good, the internet hasn't stolen his innocence yet.
Uh oh
Terry: "Gage gives me a Bill Clinton vibe"
Me in my finest Clinton voice: "Ah. Did not. Have. Sexual relations. With that tampin' iron."
I did that weird nose snort while reading this comment. Good job!
8:55 is the exact reason why I can’t say “righty tighty, lefty loosey.” I noticed it when I was 12 and thought I was crazy, but that skit made me feel a lot better lol
You seem to have a screw loose somewhere, that you’re too confused to tighten. :P
That’s because the most common part of the brain to lose and survive is the frontal lobe, which has to do with emotional regulation, memory, and a couple other things, but nothing immediately necessary for survival
christ chan.
phew thats a rabbit hole.
mr terry, chris chan is a internet legend that has almost his whole life documented in print video and audio form.
we have more information about him than almost all the us presidents
Jesus this brought back bad memories
What happened????
@@tomatosauce5437 What didn't happen is the better question. Go on sonichu dot com, click random page, and go wild
@@603840Jrg ok thank you !!!!:)
it's her, no?
The violence from brain injuries usually comes from frontal lobe injuries, where a lot of our critical thinking takes place. Basically people stop being able to process situations rationally and respond on base instinct alone, which often means anger
Chris Benoit
If you tale psychology, Phineas Gage is actually a big case study about the brain and how we don't need some parts to keep living
HI! THIS WENT THROUGHT MY BRAIN. BYE!
The best part is Sam's art style. Just look at those hyenas and lionesses. And why does the plane have a propeller in the back like helicopters do?
4:00 You forgot to mention the Chris-chan (the only true god) shirt. A very important history fact.
Thank you for being into history. Dude history is nuts how couldn't you be into it. Once you hear about how people survived back in the day. It makes todays problems feel alot less serious.
Wish I could survive improbably
If it makes you feel any better, you exist improbably. Your birth requires a ridiculous amount of people to be in the right place at the right time. And if a different sperm won the race on any of those occasions, that person would not be the same, and would probably have a different life than the original, making them have kids with someone else or not at all and at a different place and time. the probability of you as you know yourself existing ever, let alone and at this place and time, is astronomically low.
This is true of everyone, but my point stands.
Phineas Gage's story is a huge talking point in psychology class cos of how it affected him
Theirs so many fascinating stories even in modern day about how brain damage can create a shift in personality and sometimes even intelligence. It’s like whatever broke in the brain retired itself wrong and they became an alternate universe version of themselves. I remember someone having a particularly rowdy party that resulted in a black out combined with a resulting head injury and somehow the combination of booze and severe head trauma made him a mathematical genius. Don’t ask me how that works, I’m not sure doctors could tell you.
I've heard that people who try to shoot themselves in the head often do it at the, um, survivable angle.
If Michael reeves and grade a under a have come back then hopefully so will Sam
@@maxwellbernacerart4946 I HAVE SOME GOOD NEWS
One thing I like about this specific react channel over any other, is that he adds to the videos and explains history.
1:50 I'm probably right in the middle. On one hand I've never been seriously injured. On the one hand for over a decade I endured 2-3 weeks every month of bleeding like the elevator scene from The Shining accompanied by cramps that would leave me pretty much bedridden for entire days at a time, so I have a pretty high pain tolerance.
Edit: spelling, phrasing
Wait why is your hand bleeding like the shining?
@@artsysabs she is the tzar's daughter Alexi
I will claim one notch to the right of the middle as my response to our store getting robbed was ro grab a fire extinguisher and hide behind a corner to brain the guy if he looked for me instead of running out the front door and getting shot at like my coworker. He's fine. Got hit in the stomach but apparently weighing 385 means you have enough cushion to stop a .22
the chris-chan shirt on shiva gautama christ-chan made me lose my shit
Mr Terry, chemicals need energy to react, not just a type of energy
Good thing he ain't a science teacher. Lol
Then there's the people who think energy is a substance
I hope Sam o Nella sees this. And makes a video about where the hell he's been.
showing the original videos sponsor is super respectful, good on you
Human physiology is like either a freaking steel or a fragile egg shell.
Maaaan, I remember playing that TMNT in the arcade when I was a child.
Huge blast from the past!
thank you for explaining some of sam's jokes that i genuinely don't understand i actually appreciate it
I always thought turning "left" would be the top one because if you rolled the object in that fashion it would go left. If you rolled an object in the bottom direction it would go right.
Love the addition of historical context! Earned a subscriber, keep it up.
"This sounds like the world's worst concussion"
He got more aggressive because it the rod went through his frontal lobe which regulates behavior
7:33 Actually- it depends on *what part of the brain* is damaged or lost (physically or mentally). It is most likely that Gage lost a portion of his prefrontal cortex / frontal lobe (it depends on the side. The right and left both deal with language / personality but each are responsible for different aspects of them) that dealt with his personality & behavior, leading to his aggression and flipped attitude as given by Sam's description of Gage normally being a decent citizen.
To answer your question about why people with similar brain injuries become more violent, it’s because the part of the brain responsible for executive function (impulse control, logical decision making, planning, etc) was not only damaged, but almost completely removed. This means any kind of impulse he had would have had nearly *complete* control over him as the part of his brain that pumps the brakes and thinks about his actions was extremely small and weak. This is related to how amphetamines such as Ritalin can help kids and adults with ADHD. We have issues with impulse control, but the amphetamines in low doses strengthen our frontal lobes ability to put the brakes on and interrupt the impulses. However, a combination of medication and therapeutic intervention is usually most effective.
Phineas gage was extremely important for developing our understanding of the brain. Youre exactly right about not all the parts of the brain being quite necessary for survival. Phineas' injury, among others, helped us understand that brains are organized into sections that have different responsibilities. By observing what abilities patients like Gage lost, we slowly figured out what did what in the brain
Im a fragile wimp but i do have alot of luck when it comes to danger..
Ah yes, protective gear for workers. Who doesn't trust the old hardhat, some 3mm of plastic will definitely protect me from a falling boulder or a steelworking machine going amok.
A key note about Gage is that the rod went through the frontal lobe specifically. That’s the part of the brain responsible for processing emotions and personality, in addition to your inhibitions. Him becoming more impulsive and hot tempered definitely makes sense given the material he lost.
We need more Sam O’Nella reacts. :D
The spark needed to ignite the gunpowder hole was probably cause because of the "Iron" rod itself which is prone to making sparks with friction.
I havent seen a MrTerry vid in a hot minute, this backdrop is AWESOME!
I seriously can’t imagine being the healthcare workers treating those patients. I originally was an X-ray technician and I’ve seen some painful things, the worst was a foot that was only hanging on by the tissue and we had to position a basically severed foot.
But the head injuries here are crazy. I now work in IT, so not directly with patients.
My GCSE history teacher state "Australia wasn't involved in the world War"
What has she been taking?
So many teachers seem to not know what they’re doing
@@jamesvivian2855 it almost as if they never studied the subject
Why cant history teachers be more like Sam olenia?????
Instead of handing us 10 page PACKETS
Just give us a cool looking cartoon
Or at least give us a teacher like mr terry
Because liberals
@@supersheep8595 Bruh lmao what does liberalism has to do with that
@@supersheep8595 ?
Well most teachers aren't allowed to just read off Wikipedia and throw in some jokes. Which is basically what Sam does. I do like him, and sub to him though hes great!
'For some reason'.
This method of drilling was dangerous because:
There's rocks in the ground.
You're ramming an iron rod into a random hole you just drilled into the ground, where there might be a rock, you don't know.
Sometimes when iron hits certain rocks just right sparks happen.
And you are doing this to pack said hole tightly with a powder that does not much like coming into contact with sparks.
Gage was tamping the powder with an iron tamping pole, hit a rock, and sparks happened and the powder went off.
This was a COMMON OCCURANCE doing that particular job, and killed a LOT of railroad workers.
8:50 not a doctor but a pre med student. The brain is like Jello. And if you look at the x-ray at 8:10 it looks like it's going just at the bottom of his Brain. He's insanely lucky though
Just an rn here, but I've seen case studies where people have lost up to half their brain and maintained relative functionality. Of course they would always lose something like the ability to do math, or the ability to comprehend the passage of time and huge chunks of memory processing. But the body doubles up on almost everything, so as long as the damage is maintained within one hemisphere and doesn't affect the brain stem directly, yes you can lose up to half your brain and still live.
I can explain the first guy. It damaged his prefrontal cortex, which is not needed to live. Most animals don't even have one. It's main purpose is to suppress impulses. Naturally without one you become a violent dummy with no self control. Hence why it is mostly inactive in psychopaths and people with addictions. In OCD it's over active because it's trying really hard to suppress impulses, but not having much success.
Fun fact. Stress hormones turn off your pfc. Hence why the more stressed you get the more crazy you act. Chronic childhood stress prevents it from developing, and the younger the trauma happens the worse an impact it has.
im just glad he doesnt seem to recognize the chris chan reference
Holy cows, this cenarios is really good
The reason the earth gun went off on Phineas Gage is that his tamping iron struck a spark on the rock. Seems like they skipped the step of pouring sand in the hole on top of the powder before tamping.
I'm not a brain surgeon, but the way that the drill bit is shaped, as well as where it entered might have something to do with how it just kinda smooshed the brain out of the way
The drill bit was shallow to the inner face of the side of his skull.
And secondly looks like a large wood bit, and they don't have much room between the corkscrew element. Your brain would need protrusions to be able to be caught in the spacings.
In psychology it tells us that gage had a special metal tapping stick which struck the side of the hole and cause the ignition
About 90% of your brain is for things like thinking, perceiving, and remembering. Any of that can go and you'll still survive, but won't be happy.
These “fact checking” websites could be dangerous
Regarding the first story, as far as I understand, black powder (gunpowder) while not volatile, just has a tendency to go off whenever it likes (sorta), and modern day smokeless powder, while more volatile, has less tendency to just go off whenever.
“There’s a lesson in this, make noises when confronted with an animal”
Me trying to fend off a wild pack of gorillas
I like that the far end of the fragile wimp-agile pimp scale is Daniel Dancer, Diogenes, and Michael Malloy.
The brain, like every other organ in the human body, is very wet and squishy. Try stabbing a water balloon with a knife without holding it down. You might pop it, but there's a good chance it'll just slide away from the tip without any damage. Our organs would rather be compressed rather than rupture, so sometimes when sharp things stab into us, our organs will wiggle around it.
This man just showing off his collection now
one time i used information from Sam on Phineas Gage for a psychology class discussion
Nice. What’d you say/ what was their reaction
History teacher didn’t know Chris Chan lol
Surprised they didn't mention El Fusilado in this vid. Guy was a soldier in the army of Pancho Villa and after being captured and sentenced to death by firing squad took 9 shot to the body and a 10th shot to the head a point blank range only to crawl away later and make a near full recovery.
HE FUCKING
W H A T ? ? ?
That's fucking amazing.
You are not a history teacher, all history teachers are old grumpy dudes and u are dope AF
The gunpowder probably exploded from getting struck with the tamping iron when it was already very packed in
It's amazing you are history teacher and don't know about Gage. We learn about him in Psychology 101, he was the case study that led us to the conclusion that the prefrontal cortex has a lot to do with stuff like impulse inhibition and personality.
Not in a bad way btw, its actually amazing how you can be such an expert on history, but there's always more to learn, even something considered basic level in a separate field. Learning is awesome
I actually heard of the first story before watching the video in a documentary about the human brain, and they talked about how he lost the parts of the brain that regulates his instincts and stuff, so he became a gambling alcoholic.
The brain is a crazy thing, there are people who have had most of theirs destroyed and don't even notice, I'm not sure if that say's much or little about the brain or the person.. but it's still an amazing little engine.
I'm surprised he didn't mention 4 things. (Especially 2) is insane)
1) Some of the first people who arrived the Tschernobyl meltdown site, who actually SAW the meltdown, got 20 Sievert of radiation. Usually this would kill you right away, but those guys survived for 2 weeks straight with just some minor headaches. Biologically they where literally dead already since their bodies got totally bombarded with radiation, while walking around for 2 weeks.
2) There is a guy named Frane Selak, who is considered the unluckiest luckiest man alive.
(1) In 1962 he was in a train, that train left the tracks and fell into a cold river, he was saved, while many others drowned with non severe injuries.
(2) 1 year later he was going by plane for the first (and last) time, the door malfunctioned and he got sucked out of the plane, because of magic he didn't just splash on the ground and became marmelade, no no, he fell into a heystack and survived, with also non severe injuries. The plane crashed after that killing 19 people btw.
(3) 3 years after that again he dropped into a cold river, this time the bus he was riding fell off the street. He could get out in time and swim to safety with basically no injuries.
(4) 4 years later he drove his car, suddenly it started to burn, he ran out just in time and it blew up for some reason.
(5) 3 years after this happened, his new car also decided it was time for him to die and started to throw flames, but again, nothing happened... SIC... his hair got burned, nothing else though.
(6) Now he finally was in safety... until 1995 that is when he got hit by bus, of course he survived with only minor injuries cause why not at this point.
(7) About 1 year later he had a car accident where his car nearly crashed head on with a UN truck on a mountainous street. He could drive by it just in the last second, but hit the guardrailes at the side of the street. Because he didn't wear a seatbelt he got ejected out of his car into a tree nearby where he could hold onto. His car was dropping down the mountain in the meantime.
And that's it... oh wait no it isn't.
(8) In 2003 he won 1.1 million $ in a lottery on the day he had a marriage.
That's quite the life story, he's 91 years old now.
3) There was a guy who survived both strikes by the nuclear weapons on Japan, he was in Hiroshima, and then flee to Nagasaki... just in time to get burned again. He survived for many many years after that until just recently.
4) There was a guy who was climbing up a mountain with his group (a very high one), at one point something happened and he got lost there starting to freeze, his teammates couldn't save him anymore and thought he was dead. After THREE DAYS(!!!) of being basically frozen he suddenly woke up for some reason (he said he remembered his family), got up, climbed down the WHOLE WAY to the base camp himself, got into the tent where his group still was (they must've thought they are seeing a ghost or something), said one sentence and then fell over to the ground. Happy End, he actually survived this, with some big frost injuries though of course.
1:41 I was an agile pimp (i thought) but between the ages of 35 and 47 i had multiple herniated discs, two heart attacks and a massive stroke. So no i feel like a fragile wimp.
Late response, not sure if you'll see it, but there is an interview with someone who lost part of his brain in an injury, the video is called "Shooting victim-Jerry 2020 (part 1)"
Hi guys
I'm a doctor and that case of the railroad constructor is actually really famous among neurologists.
According to what i've seen in college that case was responsible for the discovery of the frontal lobe of the brain being responsible for your inhibition and behaviour control in society. That's because when that rod went through his brain the only part of the brain that was severely affected was the frontal lobe, the other parts of the brain suffered only minor injuries, so he didn't lose any major vital functions whitch made him able to survive for as long as he did.
What really impresses though is that he should be suffering from seizures since the beginning.
Can't tell exactlly what happened to the second one though that "pushing his brain" thing doesn`t make much sense to me.
I`m brazilian by the way so i`m sorry if my english writing isn`t 100% correct
I have to guess what happened was the sharp tip of the bit didn't hit his brain and the lumps that cut the spiral must've just pushed it aside
My theory is that he lost a portion of his prefrontal cortex responsible for emotions. Once that happened he became severely depressed and I'd even say as far as saying he become full on psychopathic. However he still would have had to have some of that stuff because without it it's almost impossible to function people that have had their preferential cortex removed in a lobotomy usually just stare at a wall blankly for the rest of their life.
i think the way gage set off his planet-gun was just friction between the gunpowder and the tamping iron
Fun fact, the reason humans typically go "top to bottom" with things like righty tighty and north on a compass is because that's what we we see most in nature.
Thanks gravity!
My theory on why brain trauma survivors tend to become more violent is because the damage to or loss of parts of the brain kinda makes their brain go into low power mode and most of what they are left with is angry lizard brain.
Apparently, the doctor who created the lobotomy treatment saw Phineas Gage and wonder how he survived, began his research and discovered what certain parts of the brain do and concluded that Phineas Gage survived as it did not hit the parts vital for life.
Dynamite was a huge step towards safer explosives. Before dynamite there was powder or nitroglycerin. Both were extremly dangerous to transport and handle as it would go boom at the drop of a hat. Mere static elecricity would set it off.
Phineus Gage: lost part of his frontal cortex which is the Executive Function and Personality Center of the brain... this is how modern psychology learned that parts of the brain serve specific functions
I'm sure someone would have already mentioned it, but the black powder was ignited from the steel tamping rod hitting a rock and created sparks.
well, im an agile pimp on that chart. working as a foundryman will harden you (for those that do not know, a foundryman litterally pours melted metal into moulds with large "spoons". litterally everything i work with is between 495 celsius to 730 celsius)
The guy with the drill did what they are trained to do. When the ladder was wobbling he threw it
Gage's frontal lobe was destroyed, and that part of the brain is what lets you override impulses, and do the right thing even when it's harder. It's the slowest to develop. Takes 25 years generally.
Every time you get an impulse to do something you know you shouldn't do, and then you don't do that thing, your frontal lobe was involved. Gage's lobe being destroyed meant he wasn't able to not do what came to mind. Thus the violence and swearing and all that.
Also on the drill subject, it was most likely a matter of luck being that the taper at the end of the the drill narrowly missed the brain
The consequences of the brain damage depends on which part of the brain is damaged. E.g. damage of occipital, lobe can make person blind even when eyes are healthy, if temporal lobe is damaged, person may have some problems with memory and language (not necessarily incapacitating) and problems with control of emotions, and frontal lobe is responsible for attention, abstract thinking and for what we are calling personality.
Phineas Gage is basically the very first example of the brains resilience and the effects that injuries/irregularities in the brain can have on people's behavior you'll ever learn about when studying Psychology. Just like Sigmund Freud is the most famous of all Psychologists, Phineas Gage is arguably the most famous of all patients.
There are little gaps between the brain and the skull (I don’t think it fits in there super snug). It’s possible the screw was smaller in diameter than what was shown in the video , making it able to slide through those gaps easier.
Ok I'm not an expert (on anything)
But i saw on Dr.Stone(an anime) that with the smallest spark from iron with a rock composed of flint or iron itself, can go *boom* real quick. So yeah he basically got shot by a cannon/gun
The Nicholas Gage story is a classic case study for psychology 101. It teaches about isolated parts of the brain.
The gunpowder blew up because it's a volatile substance the flash point is crazy sensitive to
1:17 for the kid who chewed gum quiet and discrete enough to never get caught.