Why can't you go faster than light?
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- Опубликовано: 2 окт 2017
- One of the most counterintuitive facts of our universe is that you can’t go faster than the speed of light. From this single observation arise all of the mind-bending behaviors of special relativity. But why is this so? In this in-depth video, Fermilab’s Dr. Don Lincoln explains the real reason that you can’t go faster than the speed of light. It will blow your mind.
Наука
The was a woman named Bright
Who flew at the speed of light
She went out one day, in a relative way
And came back the previous night.
From a good book 😂
Bravo
To her friends said the Bright one in chatter,
“I’ve learned something new about matter.
“For because of my rate,
“Much increased was my weight,
“Yet I failed to become any fatter!”
There was a young fencer named Fisk
Whose speed was exceedingly brisk:
So fast was his action
That Fitzgerald contraction
Foreshortened his foil to a disc.
@william rivera This is not true, she couldn't have flown faster than the speed of light, since it's impossible,
so it must be "THERE WAS A WOMAN NAMED BRIGHT, WHO FLEW OUT THE WINDOW SLOWER THAN THE SPEED OF LIGHT. SHE SOON LEARNED SHE COULDN'T FLY AND SHE NEVER CAME BACK HOME BECAUSE SHE DIED THE PRIOR NIGHT."
Einstein's girlfriend, "I need two things from u space&time
Einstein-"Okay what's second"
That's only a rumor...
Damn. Savage.
Fall in love with physics 😏
Einstein replied: Wait a second... I'm busy bending time!!
I think this request from his girlfriend prompted Einstein to think of SPACETIME and not space&time.
Why didn't anyone ever explain this to me? Seriously, it took him 8 minutes. I'm seventy f##king one and no one has explained this little fundamental, essential piece about motion through spacetime to me before. Suddenly a lot of other things are much clearer. Damn. Thanks, Prof Lincoln, you're a star!
I am exactly in the same boat as nycbeaff. Thanks Doc...
I missed a large chunk of this at the start when I read the email, "I am a Nigerian Prince"......just lost it slowly but surely.....thank you for that Sir!....(..& G'Day from Bunbury , West Australia).
Keep up the excellent work....clarity is much appreciated!
0:54 So y'all not gonna talk about the Nigerian Prince in the e mails? 😂😂😂😂😂😂
or the blasphemer who said Einstein was so very wrong?
It must really suck for an actual Nigerian prince trying to use email
WTH! I was thinking the same😂
Hi, I'm a Nigerian Prince and I discovered this new theory of everything. Pls send moneys so that I can go public! Thanks.
The Nigerian prince email is the only sane thing in that inbox. Fraudulent, of course, but sane. 😄
In the faster than light world, everyone says you can't go slower than light.
They have gotten photon to go slower then light and even stand still in the lab via a strong magnetic field
On the other hand they have yet to catch a tachion (?) In those giant pools of water
According to this video you can't go slower than the speed of light in this world either.
Actually - that would be true. Google fodder is "tachyon" - which is a theoretical particle that, if it existed, would exist faster than light and the same rules would apply. It could not slow down *to* the speed of light just as we cannot accelerate to that speed.
@Voices of Music That's actually a hella W O K E comment man. Although, it can ONLY be argued if you are said to exist in such a state if you in a relatively stable state of energy or at a undetermined gain vs time spent there. I think there exists a base measurement to go by for the energy gain value required to maintain faster than light speeds and subsequently a factor for acceleration (I suspect it be a runaway value; because of the principle that our universe is not said to be gaining energy.).
einstein says a particle cannot be "accelerated" from less that the speed of light to faster than the speed of light.. however a particle could such as a tachyon theoretically could be "born" traveling faster than the speed of light.
Sir, THANK YOU!! I find this topic very hard to understand.... Or did, until I came across your video. You've made it so easy to understand, and I find it intriguing. Thank you so much! 🙌🙏
By far the best and simplest explanation of relativity and the connection of space and time I have heard. He knows how to get to the core of the subject.
Good job! I have become a fan!
fanboy
“I am a Nigerian prince” in your email. Nice 😂
And so
And so
And so
And so
And so
0:55
"Alpha Centauri is easy"
"The New Einstein"
"Relativity is an Illuminati plot"
"I am a Nigerian prince"
LOL
The Nigerian prince is awesome. He gave me $1000000.
To be fair, Alpha Centauri is only a few centuries or even decades of travel away if we can get to relativistic speeds, compared to some of the other stars out there, that’s easy.
All geniuses in a single row😆
"Epstein didnt kill himself" would have been funny
It's not tool late to find this out ! thanks for the great job you are doing on this channel
I wanna say thank you so much for saying this in a clear way, I ve seen some videos on this and they couldn't really explain it well to me
When you hear "just trust me on this" you know quantum physics is being discussed.
but quantum mechanics was not involved. Causality is what drives both quantum mechanics and relativity. that's why you see people say "just trust me on this" in both cases.
no, what you hear is are physicists trying to explain difficult concepts to laymen without spending months education them. A video that simplified the concept you are asked to accept would be hours long and would lose most viewers very quickly.
So before you make snide remarks, which 25 other people like, be sure you know what you are talking about.
Here is my retort, given at the same level as yours. "When you read comments like the one above, you can be sure it is coming from a non-scientist who is ignorant of the basic concepts of physics." Now you know what it is like to be insulted.
@@wayneyadams offended by an idiot
@@wayneyadams a. its not offensive if my/our comments appear as "obviously not from someone with a physics background". It is an observation and an accurate one at that.
b. rather than ranting about what someone else didn't do, like spend on education, try to focus on what YOU can do if you ARE someone with a physics background, like try and point us to blogs/papers/courses/lectures that have more formal descriptions.
@Abacus false; no ones gives a shit about what you have to say. I was actually interested. But hey maybe thats why only your mom subscribes to your channel.
Ahhhh 🤔 So that's why when I go for an hour long run, time only shows 5 minutes have gone by
Everything enlarges at that speed also
Lmao
@@radkonpsygami7634 I bet you're fun at parties
lol! I know this is a humorous statement, but I like inputting so bear with me pls. Firstly, that statement refers to perceived or internal timekeeping, which is notoriously horrible for humans lol. Secondly, the velocity you would need to travel at to even vaguely perceive time dilation or contraction would be way past what a human body could bear lol, but run away flash!
I now think I understand why my one-hour physics lectures used to last eight hours.
Its Good to see the many responses to this topic !!!!!😀 .
Its through discussion of ideas that we refine our theories . Its strengths and weaknesses .
Wow, great explanation! first time I've heard it explained this well
Love the "I am a Nigerian Prince" cameo in the gmail inbox! 0:55
I only came here for this comment 😂
No it is ME
Haha
The email part has to be fake...it's so perfect
This guy is better at making memes than all of us
Metric Snobbery is a real trope because they think they have it all figured out. lmao = No appreciation for measurement history.
Did any of you notice the one from the "Nigerian Prince"?
@@i-evi-l There's a reason why history is history.
It's definitely fake. Look at the receipt times - all those e-mails came within a few minutes of each other. He just had someone send him a bunch of mails for the sake of that clip.
@@ArawnOfAnnwn w/almost half a million subscribers and videos with views in the millions, I would not be surprised if it was real, even considering the receipts.
It took me a long time to get this one, but it blew my mind once I got it! Thank you!
Outstanding! This was a very nice, and simple to understand, high level explaination for why we can't move faster than the speed of light. Although you didn't get into some of the more intriguing and exotic characteristics of this question, I appreciate how well you were able to convey this information so fast, efficiently, and understandable to anyone. I'll look forward to viewing your other video presentations.
This video: "Why can't you go faster than light?"
Up next: "How to travel faster than light"
huh
notice the same here :)
When that new fangled contraption called the loco-motive went faster down the track than horses (more than 40 mph) it was believed that if anyone was inside the passenger car science said all the air would be sucked out and everyone in the car would suffocate.
When airplanes began going faster and faster science said that at the speed of sound there is a barrier that couldn't be surpassed.
Now, science says (mathematically, by the way) that nothing could not go faster than light. Because as the speed of light is approached the mass of the object increases preventing it from going any further. Science has been wrong before. Who knows what the actual future holds?
Alex Holub
You´re being scientifically dishonest.
"When that new fangled contraption called the loco-motive went faster down the track than horses (more than 40 mph) it was believed that if anyone was inside the passenger car science said all the air would be sucked out and everyone in the car would suffocate."
Dispite what some stupid people may have believed, science never said that. Specially since it could be easily proven wrong.
"When airplanes began going faster and faster science said that at the speed of sound there is a barrier that couldn't be surpassed."
Science never said that either. I don´t know if you realize that, but at that time there were already objects travelling way faster than the speed of sound.
Remember, you can´t make good arguments using wrong information.
Some of these guys have so much pride in their "knowledge" and "facts"... until a new form of mathematics is invented in a hundred years, or undiscovered forces are found, but til then, "embrace it.., trust me on this.., it's TRUE..."
Here's one: "don't believe the man who CLAIMS to know the truth, follow the man who's SEARCHING for the truth."
Because it IS possible, however we don't have the technology for that (yet) nor is there any conceivable drive / propulsion system that creates an exhaust speed well beyond lightspeed.
... That was a complicated way of saying, that you can't go faster than light because you can't
Give this man a noble prize.
@@kiishaankrishnan6453 Nobel, not noble. **flies away**
@@dabeste6163 A prize for nobles.
@@theodentherenewed4785 Fair enough.
I'm amazed by this community.
That was the first time I even thought I had any idea what "space-time" meant, amazing. Duly subscribed, thanks!
It’s the best explanation I’ve ever heard. I’m not sure if it necessarily explains why at the deeper level of mechanisms that make it so, but then this is something that scientists spend whole careers trying to work out.
The true theory of relativity is this; If you're a millionaire and you die without a will, you'll suddenly have more relatives than you dd when you were alive.
Also true if you have a no friends and then decide to get a swimming pool
LOL!
i know comedy when i see it. very funny.
@xc5647321 xc5647321 Same in New Mexico! Talk to some one for ten minutes and find they are your cousin. I was born there, thirty years later I moved back and yup. I lived in Florida, as south as you can get. and nope. My family didnt live here long enough. It really does show though. "It is a small world after all"
Mind-boggling stuff,you got to have some special brains to study ,get involved and invent & discover things.
I am 55 years old and your explanation / analogy of the why we can travel faster than the speed of light was the best I have ever heard. Your caveat concerning the shortcomings of the analogy were most helpful as well.
who cares. how will this impact your actual life.
Some people are enriched by education and knowledge.
This is mostly just BS and old info. Its proven now that one can go way faster than light. This is just old religious talk with old science from the past.
And why can aliens run faster than light? Could it not be that our conscience is 💩?
what does your age got to do with anything?
In the beginning I thought this was going to be another video I would not understand but you explained it well.
This was way more clear than most of the fancy flashy pop science channels. Thanks
0:55 the infamous Nigerian Prince strikes again...
good, im not the only one that noticed that xD
ahaha,
Theo Suharto 😂😂😂
LOL! I didn't notice that when I watched the video. That whole list is pretty clever.
Well spotted! 'Hi. I am Prince Mbeki, and I am writing to offer you a large sum of money ...'
Title: "Why can't you go faster than light?"
Video: Ya just can't, trust me.
I know practically nothing about physics and I understood his explanation.
I agree. He didn’t explain why the speed of light is a limit or why it is the speed it is, but as he says I guess no-one knows.
The reason you can't go faster is that according to the lorentz factor equation, as you approach the speed of light, the lorentz factor approaches infinity. This has many implications, including that this would mean that in order to reach the speed of light, you would need to have infinite mass.
@@eddyecho That's what I was always led to believe but correct me of I'm wrong, but didn't the guy say that is incorrect?
@@PDizzleFoRizzle well, photons have zero mass. But i assumed you meant, yourself, and last i checked we all have mass
Thank you for the explanation! Now I am going to watch your video titled "How to travel faster than light." 🙂
Both the notion of space-time and the abstraction explained here are mathematical tools to better illustrate and package the concepts contained in the theory of relativity. Even though I appreciate the simplicity they bring to the subject, it is perhaps a bit of a misrepresentation to claim that an abstraction constructed to simplify the concept is the reason that the concept works in the first place. To expand a bit on the topic discussed in this video, I should say that we have no notion of the speed at which we move through time so to say that when we are at rest then we move through time at the speed of light is an artificial idea that makes sense only in the context of trying to find a framework to make sense of relativity, and so to claim this constructed concept explains why you can't go faster than light seems wrong.
Neither spacetime nor the Minkowsky abstraction explain relativity but rather are mathematical abstractions to simplify visualizing the consequences of relativity.
Smitty , brilliant !!!!!
Our thinking is evolving ....
I like that I am travelling at the speed of light through space time, even when lying in bed watching this on my iPad.
So we move the fastest (through spacetime) when we do NOT move (in space).
but you are moving through space. i fact you are moving at quite a speed. you are on a rotating planet that is also hurling through space in an orbit around the sun. In a solar system that is also moving through space... etc
@@just2share As I understood it, according to the video, you are always moving through spacetime at the same speed. You are moving the fastest through TIME when you are not moving in space. :-)
I think the explanation on PBS spacetime was satisfying as well. It explained the speed of light was actually the speed of causality. Its the quickest speed that anything can react to anything else in the universe!
@ClearPolitics Information does NOT travel faster than light in quantum entanglement. It is simply that you know the particles are connected in some way, and when you measure one, then based on the exact connection they share you know immediately about the state of the other. But no actual signal traveled between the two particles.
@@ANGRYpooCHUCKER so you're saying the entangled particles share a connection but no information goes through this connection. Seems vague to me. Is this like a worm hole?
@@hannibal02 nah, it has to do with quantum propreties. Basically things that are really small exist almost in a mathmatical and statistical way, so when you create 2 entangled particles all that means is the math involved is statistical probability. Those 2 particles havent interacted with anything yet so they exist in both the 2 possible outcomes possible lets say they are both up and down at the same time. But when you interact with the particle you make it "decide" wich one it is, and since the one interacted resolved its probabilistic nature into a real nature the other particle has to be in arcordance to the one interacted.
Think of it this way, we tried our best to beat the rules of causality and information travel speed but the universe finds a way to make it right without breaking its own rules. This prooved that thigs can travel faster than light, but they cant have information
@@hannibal02 The state of entangled particles can be a specific set of things that you know beforehand, if you've entangled them properly. Thus, when you measure one particle, you can deduce instantly what the other one is based on the state of the particle you measured. So, TECHNICALLY, the "collapse" of the wavefunction for both happens instantly no matter how far apart they are, but you (nor the other particle) are not gleaning new information per se. You can't transmit any useful information this way.
Thanks for a real cool explanation! Enjoyable video.
I've been told that the reason is, that as you move faster, more energy is required for increasing the velocity. Then at the speed of light, assuming you'd ever get there as a non-massless object, the amount of energy needed to accelerate beyond the speed of light would be infinite. And since we could never have an infinite amount of energy, we couldn't ever reach the speed of light, let alone go beyond it. Is this incorrect or just another way of looking at it?
This specific limitation of infinite energy is not incorrect. You would indeed need an infinite amount of energy to accelerate an object to the speed of light. However this is the “engineering” limitation. Something might be theoretically possible but engineering it is another thing. For instance the sun (or any other star) is relatively simple. You collect enough hydrogen in one spot and you can eventually create a star this size of the sun. Easier said than done.
The engineering limitation on why it’s not possible to have an object with a resting mass accelerate to the speed of light pales in comparison to the fundamental reason it is not possible. A spaceship would not be able to accelerate itself to the speed of light because as it approached the speed of light…it itself would cease to experience time. Any occupants inside could travel for 20 billion years (from an outsiders perspective) and they would have no ability to continue to accelerate because to the occupants of the spaceship not even one second has passed.
The ship is not able to accelerate itself to the speed of light and no other outside force can accelerate it either because the outside force must also be traveling at the speed of light. Once again you run into the same problem.
There is no time flow to do anything at the speed of light so how can you possibly ever get there?
But if you ever did get there you would be stuck forever. You’d be in a stasis for the rest of time. 20 quintillion years from an outsiders’ perspective and not even a nanosecond would pass from your frame of reference. The only thing that can free you from the speed of light would be colliding into a planet or even a speck of dust. If you collided into a speck of dust your ship would be obliterated into quarks and electrons. If you collided into a planet…you would destroy the planet. Either way you are not escaping haha.
@@Hadrian_S I think I've heard a variation of this explanation before. Thank you. This topic is wild.
@@Roonayy My pleasure brotha. Sorry if I rambled but this topic is so intriguing. I tried to tell my wife what I wrote to you but she just smiled and nodded politely. Couldn’t care to save her life lmao
From an engineers point of view excellent explanation of the engineering problem. I'm sorry Scotty the warp drive ain't gonna work
😂😂
“I’m so fast that when I turn off the bedroom light, I’m in bed before the room gets dark.”
Mohammed Ali
Fear of the dark
His room was lined with mirrors
@@petersennello813 won't change much
@@jaswik2023 He used a light bulb with a thicker filament that slowly cools down
@@petersennello813 sure
I get it now. Thanks for not going too fast. I needed a moment for it to sink in. The graph and car analogy helped tremendously.
nice and wel explained, thank you !
The travelling car analogy is perfect. So easy to visualize Space x Time when thinking of it as North & East.
Now, what if you threw the car in reverse??? hmm....
"The faster you move through space, the slower you move through time"
Ah, so that's why an hour always lasts a year when I'm exercising...
Joel Gawne it’s hypothetical though because nothing moves that fast or will ever move that fast. It’s like finding an equation of how to make it possible for humans to fly like birds. So even if you found an answer that said all we have to do is flap are arms this fast to fly. It’s something that can never be achieved. Only thing that can move at the speed of light is light so in order to move that fast you would have to be light itself. So even if you gain mass the faster you move, means nothing if moving that fast only exists hypothetically.
@@pushtostart1377 I may be incorrect but gravity also travels at the speed of light, right?
@@ulquiorraschiffer1497 To add to your incorrectness, by adding my own. I think gravity is more of a field in that it happens everywhere at the same time. It just is (preparing for the "uhm actually," onslaught). :)
@@no3144u but it doesn't change the fact that it still travels at the speed of light
The speed of light is a costant and It is also the fastes you can go, so when near a Black hole when light slows down so does time
"There was a young lady named Brght
Who travelled much faster than light
She took off one day
In a relative way
And came back the previous night"
Good one, mate, a very picturesque short poem
You can't go backward in time.
@@Muralidharan001 Apparently going back in time doesn't break any of the laws in physics; so theoretically it is indeed possible to do so.
@@MrBoybergs But not in the way people imagine it, by going back to past events. In the understanding of physics, 'going back in time' is not the same is rewinding history.
@@aimxhere well my understanding is only that resulting from a casual interest in the subject but I'm not sure what you're referring to. Are you talking about multiple time-lines wether going backwards or forwards or something else?
it's possible I understand it better than I ever have from his simple example, good stuff
I liked this video explanation of space time, it makes sense now.
The conclusion seemed to be, you can't go faster than the speed of light because the speed of light is the fastest you can go.
By sight
Kinda, but not really, it was more akin to, that "you can't go faster than light because at that point there is no more time movement to trade for space movement"
@@GummieI "True",and the sound barrier wouldn't be broken but it was so 43 million a second at the speed of "Sight",a man would be in Sun Orbit in half to second and half like I did in 1980 on the Indian Ocean at sunset.Alfonso Cantu
No, what he is saying is, you can't go faster than the the speed of light is because its the upper limit of our space time continum, or another way of saying it is, Universal speed limit. Its interesting to note that towards the end of the video, he said physicist don't know why the limit is there.
@@vsh137 This is simply a proposal without a conclusion
You clearly have a deep understanding of this. You explained something commonly very confusing for people very simply. Bravo.
Thanks. If v > c then the Lorentz factor is complex. Does this possibly mean that if we could jump to a velcoity v >c (maybe not through typical acceleration which would never exceed c), we could move out of space time and maybe into something inbetween it. I guess my thought was that this might be similar to the >c jumps in star treck. Based on travel between space-time, we could emerge at other points in space-time with little or no difference in the actual change in time within space time. So a complex time might mean that time exists in more than one dimension, or that there is a complex addition to space-time.
Is it possible that sub-atomic particles might be able to make these jumps? So changing position without observation?
The laws of physics spread at the speed of light but empty space was created faster than c because nothing CAN move faster than light. Maybe a particle from a parallell universe leaked to the part of universe where there were yet no laws? Itcould move faster than c andcan never move slower than c
Hi Fermi! for 18 yrs lived in Batavia right off Pine and Hart. My buddy next door was in charge of the LinAcc for 25 yrs, Duke Wahl.
My bicycle can't go faster than light because it's two-tired.
Glen Hunt rofl good one
lol
You shouldn't have spokeN like that.
I dont get it
Glen Hunt tyred
I think that my car goes faster than the speed of light because when I turn on my headlights nothing happens.
Daniel Clark they would still turn on you just wouldn’t see the light projecting out in front of you
Lol
U funny as hell 😂
Steven Wright: "If you're driving at the speed of light and you turn on your headlights will anything happen?"
@@robertpatterson3321 Yes, the cops will notice you and pull you over!
Such a cool explanation. Is there a video about General Relativity?
Nice explanation on the two directions of space and Time . I am still convinced that there is a density of space that keeps the speed of light (and Us) fixed. The M&M experiment seemed inadequate to explain it. I also have the crazy idea that some of the particles identified by physicists are just the peaks of combined waves in that density. Realizing that there were air particles that transmitted sound waves, that the waves in the ocean are energy waves (of many combined frequencies) transmitted by the water molecules (See Waves and Beaches - Bascom/Mcoy) are explained with simple experiments. Seems like there might be a simple experiment to show the density (material) of space. Sadly, I haven't thought of it yet. Thanks again Doc.
Thank you so much, Dr. Lincoln. Your videos are so helpful and have helped me gain a more complete understanding in some key and fundamental concepts in physics through the consistency of your presentations. I also love how you make sure to include other videos linking to the content in the current video. It's taking me down a wonderful rabbit hole of knowledge!
Qk
Love
And why can aliens run faster than light? Could it not be that our conscience is 💩?
Even if we sit in place, aren't we moving with great speed across space, along with earth, sun and milky way?
Yes but time is relative. It's something that only has meaning when describing things that intersect in spacetime.
Yes we do ! :-)
Yes. So the alians are experiencing different time from you do.
Ye, but not in our own reference frames.
yes and that is why you are travelling through both space and time. Otherwise you would have become old and died the moment you were born if you were travelling only through time.
Mind blown! Thanks for this video.
Excellent. And for some good visualizations of this (without the math), I suggest "We all move at the Speed of Light" by ScienceClic English, also on the Tube. And for lots MORE math, there's "Do we travel through time at the speed of light?" by Sabine Hossenfelder.
Physicists: "Faster than light travel is impossible."
Aliens: "It is until you know how to do it."
@Enteraname Technical yes. But Humans in 1930 did know that it was possible. They could calculate it and observe it, they just didn't hat the technology to do it.
There are a lot of people who say "In the past, people think we'd never fly" but that was never true. We know, for sure, that since the beginning, people where experimenting on how to make humans fly and experimenting, what was necessary to do so.
So people always knew its possible to do so, they just didn't know how.
That is different than the speed of light. We do know, that its impossible We can calculate and proof, its not possible.
Lacking the technical skills to do something that works, and something that doesn't work are two different things.
@@Vamp898 downwards is generally no problem to fly....
PROBLEM IS, NO ONE KNOWS HOW TO DO IT BECAUSE IT'S IMPOSSIBLE. THAT'S WHY NO ALIENS ARE ROAMING EARTH EITHER IN UFO'S OR SITTING IN THE LOCAL PUB HAVING A SMOKE AND A COLD ONE.
go back to school, ralph. It doesn't work like that. What makes you think humans are the underdogs among the intelligent species?
@@ThomasJr Time, and our place in it. Unless you think that we won't know a whole lot more about physics in 10,000 years, than we know right now.
This is excellent. Thank you for making this topic accessible to regular folks like me.
Cant even come close to the speed of light, hitting a pebble would destroy whatever vehicle youd be riding in. End of conversation.
Old video, but I've been thinking about this topic quite a bit recently.
I'm not a physicist so I might be completely off-base, but my take is that anytime in physics that we see an infinity or an undefined in the math we should proceed with extreme caution since we know neither can exist in the universe. Math can be structured to say anything we want, and theories that work great in one regime fail in another like with newtonian physics vs quantum mechanics.
What's intuitive to me is that speed is always relative to the current frame of reference, so if theres a universal speed/causality limit it implies a universal frame of reference that that things cannot move faster than the speed of light relative to, and that we might be very close to this reference frame to match the observations we see.
Additionally it implies some kind of carrier medium for light/causality that provides this limit in the same way the speed of sound is limited by the medium it's travelling through.
I hesitate to call the speed of light a hard limit since if for example we lived in a world of pure sound and that was how we measured and interacted and exchanged information that would be the speed limit for our reality. In our world light fills this role, so from our perspective thats the fastest thing we can interact with, doesn't mean its the fastest thing possible just the limit of our observation.
Anyways this is a fascinating topic and I might be completely off-base, but math is only as good as the the underlying theory and doesn't always reflect the reality of the universe, especially when infinities and undefined numbers are involved.
Hi Doc, I'm a bit late in the game to ask questions, but I totally understand the Time/Space Graph. Is the reason why light has a speed limit the same reason why a cloud cannot travel faster than the wind that carries it?
I guess its similar to a wave
A wave like sound travels through air at the same speed no matter how loud the sound is... its a property of air ... not anything to do with the object making the sound
Similarly speed of light is a property of Spacetime
Sorry, we dont serve fundamental particles
A Tachyon walks into a bar...
Ha, ha! Didn't see that coming!
That made me laugh.
Keep working on that. There is a joke there... somewhere!
the order of the lines is backward, is it intentional, if so then it's a nice detail
@@hieudang1789 That's the punchline. Do some research on tachyons!
In the year 2500, I went faster than light in an experimental machine. Turns out it made me go backwards in time and now I am stuck in the year 2021.
Sounds like you going back in time and being stuck was an unintended and unforseen occurance? So what then was the actual intended function of the 'experimental machine'? What was is supposed to do? What was it designed to do?
@@bradleymilton1720 Can't say. It will create a paradox and destroy the timeline. ;)
@@ashekshanto8537 It's ok, I'll keep it a secret. Just between you and me only.
@@petere1060 Well Argentina will win World Cup Football 2022. I can't say more to preserve the flow of the time space continumm. :D
Great video as usual ☘️☘️☘️☘️☘️
Any time there's a fixed propagation speed, there is a supporting medium, a carrier, of the wave. Whether air or water or solid, the medium is of a certain density which fixes the propagation speed of sound through it. So what is the carrier medium of light? What property of "space" fixes the permittivity/permeability value to what it is? Or is it just a fixed constant, a "law of nature" that we should never enquire about?
THIS is the kind of explanation I've been looking for. Much appreciated.
As a person who dropped out of high school to work, then in later life started to enjoy finding out about physics, I have to say, your videos are always ( mostly 😊 ) easy to understand, I just wanted to say thank you for another great explanation! Slainte 👍
Have you started do some math as well? (answering physics questions quantitatively)
@@stauffap have you started TO write ✍️ properly yet? I can enjoy how physics work without knowing the equations, but you being a genius want to take that away from me, because of what, I’m not sure 🤔, maybe contemplate your own thoughts on that! One other thing genius, my comment was to the maker of the video, so why do you care? 🧌
@@101franny
Calm down, please. I was just curious.
Why do you think, i want to take something away from you? Why did this simple question from me lead to so many assumptions and so much anger on your part? I don't quite get it.
Understanding/learning the math has little to do with being a genius. You'll find that it has a lot more to do with hard work/practice. A lot of physicists work very hard. Being a genius gets you there faster, but you can't avoid the hard work. So i reject the genius comment.
@@stauffap my apologies, no I can’t do mathematics quantitatively, that’s why I enjoy these videos, I can grasp the concept of how physics work on a basic level, as in why gravity affects light from distant stars, etcetera, but I work so hard for my family I don’t have time to get in to deep mathematics and equations, so having sites like these is great, especially when I trust the maker of them to be reliable. I took you for a troll, again I apologise, so many people think it is cool, or simply enjoy shooting you down because they can’t do anything else. I hardly comment much anymore because of these people, I think that’s why I was at fault. Thank you for taking the time to come back and tell me! 🙂
I'm going to have to watch it again 😃😃.. good for the brain to grapple with these concepts.. even if you don't really quite get it.....
Is the hyperbolic geometry of spacetime the reason time only moves forwards - or at least the reason we can't travel backwards in time?
Explain what " hyperbolic geometry " means , to you .
Otherwise No . You can't distort Space . You can't shrink nor expand space . Nor time . Time its self , in and of its self , is not a true dimension. Space has three dimensions of volume . The volume of space never changes ,( No matter the energy and matter in space ) in the Universe . There is no real geometry to space nor time . Mathematically but not in reality . Space is not a thought concept . Space is real . Look around your environment . Time is a concept derived from movement . Time does not cause the movement . Time is not a real dimension . Time can not , in and of its self , create energy , hence mass . Time can not create a physical thing , of any kind .
Thanks for educating us saludos
I'm glad he moves his hands with every sentence, it really makes the information clearer.
it makes his hands age more slowly.
Ashlee Cadell makes them shorter too
He's batting away the photons that are obscuring his vision.
IDK still cant understand Bernie Sanders
Trump vibes😂
This is one of the most interesting shows you've done! I like it. Hermann Minkowski's intuition was so insightful and so very important to put Einstein's theory of relativity in an geometric context.
I've viewed this show twice before and several months later I viewed it a third time. On the third visualization I got an idea.
I would like to offer an answer to your question: "Why everything in our universe is travelling through space-time at at the speed of light?"
I offer the answer: "It's a quantic property of our space-time". This is reminescent of atoms absorbing energy at specific energy levels.
This my speculation here. If we think of our space-time as a bubble in a super-space containing our space-time universe and possibly many other things that are hard for us to imagine. The only way to enter our space-time bubble is to have a specific level of energy (like quantic behavior of atoms). Conversly, one way to exit our space-time is to diverge from that level of energy. Black-wholes may be one example of diverging from our space-time universe's level of energy. I am suggesting that whatever is in black-wholes is outside of our space-time universe because what's inside diverges from our universal level of energy to travel through space-time at speed c.
Hey I thought it was an assertion that we move through space time at a constant Speed, the speed of light. I was not able to make out what he meant.
The clearest explanation yet. I was blind and now I see. After hearing you everything else just fell into place. Thank you
If I am moving through time (as I sit here) at the speed of light (186,000 mph), does it still make sense to express the rate at which I am moving through time as miles/hour (or more generally distance/time) ?
If not, how should the rate at which I am moving through time be expressed?
Diarrhea is faster than light... in fact, i didn't even had time to turn on the light.
OMF.. divinely funny... hats off sir!
Congrats. You somehow found a way to make a diarrhea joke that isn't funny.
Nice joke bro
Oh poop!
Soooo, it moved only through space? (for this discussion, the distance from butt to bowl)
You can’t go faster than light because you can’t see where you’re going. Then you’ll hit something and your insurance will go up!
Mt man 1949 this comment made me laugh out loud. Thanks!
That comment is more easily understood than the dude waffling in this poorly explained video.
Mt man 1949 hehehe
and you get a speeding ticket. it's against the 'law'.
Mt man 1949 :
Anything you might hit must go slower then light...All matter at light speed is light... Anything faster is the darkness...!!!
Dear Sir, Im a lay person with a question. As you travel faster thru any medium, the medium will create resistance the faster you go. Could this be what happens with matter thru space, but in this case it would be the gravitational pull of the whole universe on the atom? Has anyone ever calculated the gravitational pull the whole universe has on a single atom? Could this be what also limits C? Perhaps, it takes infinite mass for matter to go faster then light because its fighting the pull of gravity of the whole universe on it. Could gravitational waves change as matter goes faster and create resistance? Ok, maybe it was more then one question. Thanks ahead of time for any and all answers.
This is exactly the explanation I was looking for
Thank you sir. Very clear and wonderful way of explaining.
Science is amazing.
Dr. Lincoln, thank you for that easy to understand explanation about the Speed of Light. Your example of North / East and the Vector the car is traveling makes sense. By substituting Space / Time, something that was hard to comprehend became much easier. I understand this new concept and will forever forget about increasing mass relative to speed as I was taught years ago.
Now I am thinking, the axis representing light makes sense if it goes from 0 to C and you can have it in m/s kph etc etc. But for time, what is the scale? What is the speed of time? Is the time we are experiencing when at zero velocity the maximum possible? Also, light can go in multiple directions, can time also do that? I like that graph but now I have more questions!
@@keithw4920 Makes you more appreciative of scientists. I need to watch again.
Ka-Chow!
@@reevus2558 Thanks. There are 2 kinds of science oriented videos on RUclips; PhD level geared to other PhD's. Then there are programs like this, he uses everyday words where possible to explain very technical and theoretical Physics.
I was (still am) a Math, Physics, Chemistry, Space, and Science geek. Sometimes even his 'simple' examples push me harder to understand. I got straight A's in High School and College. I'm certainly not dumb. But compared to him, I am but a student still committed to life long learning.
@@keithw4920 The axis does not represent light. The vertical is time, and horizontal is space. The scale on each axis is the speed of light. The space axis ignores the three dimensions of space, they are all rolled up into a single dimension of space to simplify things. We travel through spacetime, the combination of space and time at one speed, c. If we travel faster through space, we have to trade off an equal speed through time and vice versa. So if we travel through space at the speed of light, our speed through time is zero, and again vice versa. So our speed through spacetime, the combination of space AND time is always c. Hope that helps.
Question: I am always moving through space. Planetarily, Solarly, Galacticly. So where is the measurment for those movements? Is time just matter moving?
When we say clocks slow down, do we mean that my watch actually changes the way it measures a second? Ie something change in the fundamental properties of the watch. Or do we mean that the watch stays the same but is now inaccurate due to the increase in speed?
There was a scene in the original Cosmos that disturbed me very deeply. A teenager leaves on his scooter for a relativistic tour of the countryside. When he returns, just a short time after he left, there is an ald man sitting where his brother was. Then they explained that the old man WAS the brother.
I was about 10 at the time, and for some reason this had a powerful effect on me.
They had the same sort of thing in a movie, but not quite as dramatic. In the movie this kid is sent out to bring his little brother home. The kids end up separated. The older kid falls and is knocked out. He come to some time later and goes home. The door is locked and he finds some other people living in his house. The police are called and they find out the kid was reported missing years before. He is reunited with his family, but his mother is much older, and his little brother is now a teenager, older than HE is.
The second movie is “Flight of the Navigator”, from 1986, and it was the first time I heard of relativity.
Movie sounds like Disney's "Flight of the Navigator".
Eric Taylor
That shit in the 1980s isn't original. Just a rehash of the material used in Rod Serling's original TZ stuff, and further back in the radio broadcasts of X-1 and Demension X episodes of the 1950s and further back in the Sci-fi short stories authored by obscure fantasy writers, the radio broadcasts were based on.
So what else is new?
One of my favorite movies as a child! :)
SwarthySkinnedOne
There are two Cosmos Series: the new one (deGrasse Tysson) and the original (Sagan). That is what Eric meant.
With your logic, the only original story is Einstein's paper from 1905.
"so the comments don't fill up with metric snobbery..." Oooops, he just got me with my European fingers in the typing honey pot LOL
So I think in a sense this admits the metric superiority :D
@@Sapeidra, no, it only recognizes that metric snobs *think* it is superior.
@@notahotshot because it is
@@notahotshot1 mile =5280 👣 or 1 km = 1000 meters
What sounds better?
I came here for the 60mph is ACTUALLY 96km/h comments.
While I seem to be able to understand the connection between space and time on a fundamental level, I'm still not clear on limitations of time.
Furthermore, I'm also not clear on how mass is used to determine whether or not we can move faster than light because it was mentioned but not explained in this video.
Now, space is apparently infinite so I guess there's no limitations there, but the limitations of time seem to be directly linked to the limitations of speed through that unlimited space (to my understanding).
And those very limitations, (again, to my understanding) are used as a basis to postulate theories of limits of speed through space since going faster than light would mean the time would start going in reverse.
So far so good? Correct me if my comprehension failed me.
My question is: why is it asserted that everything always moves at the speed of light? I suppose it's asserted in relation to time, but how do we know time has stopped for every single particle of light?
Because that's what we would need to know to be absolutely sure.
sign of a good theorist .. able to convince everyone that they understand fully his theories
Excellent video. The simple fact that everything moves through spacetime at one and only one speed brings it all into focus. Thanks for that. Cheers, Russ
Russell Cannon can u solve the
equation E=MC^2
He did explain phenomenon wrongly, that's all. He did explain that for external observer (owner of clock), his clock slow down on its internal time as they move faster. That part is correct, but rest is bogus.
If you are clock capable to measure your path, then you can measure your speed since speed is derivation of space through time.
Now, You move at some relatively slow speed and it takes you certain amount of time. As you move very fast (for external observer at least -> which is actually tragedy of modern relativistic religion), your internal time slows down to almost complete stop.
=> But Hey, I am still that clock, I just traveled 200,000,000 m but it took me from my slowed down perspective only 0.15 seconds. For monkey man outside on dummy planet called Earth, I did travel at 200,000,000 m/s. But As traveling clock, I actually moved at 1,333,333,333 m/s which is 4.4 times speed of light. (That's if we accept speed of light as finite.)
And then there is another look on statement: "You can't move faster than 300,000,000 m/s!"
Proper answer is: "In what direction."
Tony Piano
Good question.
But consider, that the displacement, or the rate of displacement , speed is always measured in a frame.
That is , with respect to some stationary object compared to the moving object. If you want to measure the displacement or the speed of this moving object, you have to compare it with the stationary reference frame.
When you are sitting, you are stationary wrt to earth surface.
Even time slowing down is incorrect too. Time doesn't slow down, you're going from A to B faster.
Sometimes i think that my mom's sandal is faster than light you proved me wrong thank you
Sandal speeds are determined by the chancla bosson. It can go FTL.
Of course, one of the strange inferences from this which he doesn't mention, but is pretty easy to infer, is that massless particles traveling at the speed of light don't experience time. So, from their perspective (if a massless particle could have one), they are everywhere on their trajectory simultaneously. Now, I don't know if that parabola asterisk he said at the end makes this technically incorrect in the end, but it is an interesting thing to think about.
It also creates this interesting paradox: the possibility that one *might* be able to go backwards in time (by moving through space faster in light, presumably it would have to be balanced out with negative time) but *not* forward in time (moving faster on time would mean negative movement in space which...doesn't seem like it would be a thing? But perhaps that also means negative time also isn't a thing either)
A very nice explanation, but now I have another question.
Why is every object moving through spacetime at one and only one speeds? What determines this boundary?
Brilliant. That's the best and most understandable way I've ever heard that. Its the first time I have been able to explain it to my partner. Subscribed
Great explanation by Dr. Lincoln, as always. I am wondering if someone catched the funny touch of his inbox's message list (0:54). Very hilarious message subjects, including a nigerian scam prince letter! 😂
I was wondering what the Nigerian prince had to offer, unless he was also writing to say that Einstein got it very wrong.
Good one, thanks!
When we are thinking of something, the "thinking" is still under the influence of speed of light? What is the speed when we are "thinking" of something? Is the thinking a "matter"? Thank you.
Since I am on my bed listening to your lecture, I was thinking that even though I am stationary relative to earth I am technically moving through space and time on a determined vector relative to the sun.
And that sun is moving and the galaxy is moving. Your atoms are moving near the speed of light and yet we are made up of them experiencing time as if we were not moving at all. There is some more brain pain for you :)
You can't fool me. I've seen every episode of Star Trek. The secret is to have a Scottish engineer.
Robin Allen he wasn't even Scottish
Or an English one, who pretends he is Scottish with maybe a little Canadian thrown in for fun. Sounds like the makings of a crappy Mel Gibson movie.
I’m a Scottish engineer.. not that fast though.
A drunken Scottish engineer.
Coz e can do the same work drunk as you english can sober
Fantastic explanation and great analogy. But how does all this hold up when the universe was undergoing it's period of expansion after the big bang?
I hope this isn’t going to be annoying but I have a lot of questions. Why do we use a 2d graph to represent space and time? How can we use one axis for space while traveling through space is on three axes?
Great simple visual explanation using an X/Y chart. Really cleared up my understanding of speed through time and space.
And why can aliens run faster than light? Could it not be that our conscience is a 💩?
After years of study... your geometric diagramme (x;y) has finally made me understand spacetime and the connection between the two 😭 cannot thank you enough, you have achieved in a few minutes what Hawkings' book did not 🌷! Mathematics rules!!!
The Big Bang is not fact.
Also no one measured heat in space billions of years ago.
The NWO is being locked in and Satan is coming as a man of peace.
Big Bang and Macro evolution is nonsense.
Good point
Ka-Chow!
But when I am just sitting on my couch I am moving through space and not just through time.
@@davidmudry5622 and that's why you are not traveling at the speed of light... you are also moving through space so time has slowed for you... for us all on Earth... and you cannot stop Earth for if it stops, you are still locked in the Milky Way which is also moving.... nothing can stop moving as the Universe is always expanding, so time is always slow than what would be if there was not speed/movement at all.
Wow, you just clearly confirmed what I thought was only my vague suspicion- that we're all hurtling through space-time at the speed of light..
Here is my question: this explanation is great, but if I am correct it is based on assumption that we move through spacetime at the speed of light.
But why at that speed and not, for example, 0.8 x speed of light?