Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is a series of stages that a cell goes through to grow, replicate its DNA, and divide into two daughter cells. It is crucial for growth, development, and repair in organisms. The cycle has two main stages: Interphase and M phase (Mitotic phase).
1. Interphase
This is the preparation phase and includes:
G1 phase (Gap 1): The cell grows, performs normal functions, and prepares for DNA replication.
S phase (Synthesis): DNA is replicated, ensuring each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.
G2 phase (Gap 2): The cell continues to grow and produces proteins necessary for division.
2. M Phase (Mitotic Phase)
This is the division phase and includes:
Mitosis: The nucleus divides into two, distributing replicated chromosomes equally into daughter nuclei. Mitosis is further divided into:
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase.
Cytokinesis: The cytoplasm divides, forming two genetically identical daughter cells.
The cell cycle is regulated by checkpoints and proteins, such as cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), to ensure accuracy and prevent errors like uncontrolled cell growth. If issues are detected, the cycle can pause or trigger apoptosis (programmed cell death).
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