Making hydrobromic acid cause no chemical company will sell it to me
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- Опубликовано: 4 окт 2024
- Today we make hydrobromic acid. This acid has a strong odor that smells like a musty pool or someone on the bus forgot deodorant but you take a couple sniffs cause it's slightly intriguing. Enjoy!
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• Make Hydrobromic Acid ...
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Delic: "Make sure it doesn't go over 75°C"
... heats it up to 125°C
Deiloc: "Why is it getting darker?"
"Make sure it doesn't go over 75°C" It is important DURING the addition of H2SO4. "... heats it up to 125°C" - Everything is fine. Azeotropic HBr (48% HBr) boils at 124 °C.
@@196Stefan2 Oh, ok. It just looked like he more or less immediately heated it up after adding the acid. Was the reaction really done at that point`?
@@GLITCH_-.- I can't proove the mechanism behind it, but I think not completely. H2SO4 is a strong acid, but HBr is a strong acid, too (in terms of their acid dissociation constant). And this example in the video takes place with a dilluted H2SO4. But heating up the components to the boiling point of the azeotropic Hydrobromid Acid (with 48 % HBr w/w), drives-off the Hydrogenbromide constantly and forces a system to form a new equilibrium in order to complete the reaction. Concentrated and hot H2SO4 has some considerable oxydizing power, which may oxydize some Bromide into elemental Bromine. Therefore it is recommended in literature I read a couple of years ago, for the preperation of anhydrous HBr, to replace H2SO4 by concentrated H3PO4, which is not a pronounced oxydizing agent. The same is recommended for the preparation of Hydroiodic Acid, since HI is prone to oxydation. Aqueous HBr has only little technical use. In organic chemistry you mostly deal with HBr-gas, or you make in in-situ in the reaction vessel of NaBr or KBr and H2SO4, without previous isolation of the hydrobromic acid.
@@196Stefan2 Very interesting! Thank you
This because not to oxidise to free bromine!!! Which is terribly smelly, pungent and toxic
Chemdelic always posts the most fire stuff 🔥🔥
He seems like such a good guy.
@@FOXHOUNDProductions91 That what all the neighbors said.
Might’ve been better to use a separatory funnel to let the sulfuric acid drip into it slowly
Edit: Pressure equalizing dropping/addition funnel, not separatory.
@@firstmkbYou’re right! I should’ve known that, I use them.
No need for a pressure equalizing addition funnel... a separatory funnel would work just fine, it's an open system.
Always a good day when Chemdelic uploads
Ong
7:33 well...concentrated hbr is obviously hygroscopic so it probably absorbed humidity from the air because you distilled it with an open receiving flask. You should distill it again with an closed destillation setup
No need to isolate HBr-acid for preparing C2H5Br. You can directly prepare it by adding ethanol in a mixture of H2SO4 + KBr.
This stuff is way too deadly for anyone to have outside a lab setting... Then youtubers be like this is how to make it by the gallon at home for $10 😂
great video, one note: if you made this purely to make bromoalkanes, you can just drip ethanol into the NaBr/Sulfuric acid mixture with low heating and slowly distill out bromoethane as it is being made; ideally already doing a fractional to minimise distilling out unreacted ethanol. No need to make and purify HBr at all. But I guess you know as NurdRage also did it himself. Loved the memes and humor in this vid btw, no idea how I didn't find your channel earlier ♥
You can replace the sulfuric acid with phosphoric acid to avoid the acid oxidation of HBr
Reaction with phosphoric acid requires much stronger reaction conditions, and yields significantly less since it's pKa is around 2 (against --9 for HBr, making this reaction heavily reactant-favored).
@@strade601 yes, but since HBr is a gas, LeChatelier works favorably for the generation of it, and also for HCl (however, even at high temperature the reaction is quite slow).
Acetic acid works too
@@Preyhawk81 Won't the acetic acid distill over with the HBr though?
The intro has me DYING
you’re already one of those channels i can like the video without getting through the ads first cause i know it’ll be a banger
I'm a bit new to the screen what's so fun things to use this stuff for
@@bigjay875 if your asking why people are loving his channel it’s because he has a good mix of humor and legit chemistry in his videos. Some of the other chem channels have little to none humor in them…
Not a chemist, but god I love your videos. I had good hands in the lab but no idea what was happening and I SO wish I could just hang out with you and do this dumb shit. ❤
“Having my subscribers attempt chemistry with me” could be a video idea if this gets big….
@chemdelic can you make something using Phenylethylamine like totally legal compound
Love your vids man your a brave soul to mess around with bromine. Make sure to bee careful never ever bee around bromine with out adequate ventilation and respirators.
Nilered has some serious comp now.
Now we can get the bromism without the dollar store high, thanks Chemdelic
Love your videos. The injection of a bit of humour is welcome.
Bromoethane is on my to-do list for the next two weeks so I am looking forward to seeing how you go with this.
How did the bromoethane go?
@@RobsMiscellania I got a nice bit of 2 methyl 2 bromopropane. Synth of bromoethane was probably less successful. I think I have a mixture of something: BP too high.
Grate channel ! Maybe to prevent fumes, an addition funnel to slowly add the sulferic acid. Maby a cow adaptor for the fractional distillation. Grate stuff 👍
Those RBF hanging out on ring stands is the right type of excitement I want in my chemistry videos
“I’m doing this in a well ventilated area”. Didn’t you get the message bro? “The atmosphere is nature’s bin”.
The AI intro was perfect
I really love your channel. It’s just a great format👍
I'm a retired chemist...I like to watch
Heres a drinking game, take a drink every time he says "actually" or "kinda". If you want to black out add "aaaand" to the list. Great video as always keep it up!!
"I was actually drinking crush soda earlier and this looked exactly like it" 💀
that ice bath looks like it could have used a couple refreshes
Heh, in the late 1970s when you can buy this stuff, I treated some potassium bromide with nitric acid which released the bromine which I collected using a retort.
The side benefit is that potassium nitrate is made in solution as part of the reaction. I tip the warm solution out or it will crystallize in the retort as it cooled. I did this outdoors of course.
Many pharmacists had KBr as I think it was used a a sedative, many were happy to sell it to me.
Would be interesting to see a Setup tour to see all the Equipment you have
I will do that in the future!
There might be a mechanism implying the organic contamination of H2SO4 and 2Br- getting oxided to Br2 or something for the colour change
HIS INTRO EVOLVED INTO A SLIGHTLY (1%) BETTER INTRO WOAHHH 🔥🔥
Will watch this later, but you should totally make DXM HBr with this!
Making robotussin just to keep me in my youth
freebase might be just as good maybe better
@@hermitourple2278 for consuming, ya, freebase is probably better, but not for showing on how to form the hbr salt...
"Uh-Ho" , NileRed intro ? He's already become the grandaddy of organosynth YT vids. I love it. He will too (probably not) but hey, carry on. The more the merrier.
I don't have any idea about chemistry but I love you videos :)
48% aq. HBr is pretty straightforward, phosphoric acid doesn't have the oxidising action of sulfuric acid, might be a better choice. Now, 66% HBr, that's more exotic, made by gassing chilled 48% aq. HBr with gaseous HBr until saturation. Or gassing acetic acid with HBr, it can dissolve about 30%. You need P2O5 to make gaseous HBr from the azeotropic aqueous acid though, although home-made polyphosphoric acid might do as well. Dunno if CaCl2 will work.
omg that into caught me so off guard xD love your videos man
Nilewho? Great vids - can't wait for more.
LOL that intro
yo dude fire content as always Id love to support of patron but also being a poor chem student $5 a month is a little rough have you thought about adding a $2 option? Either way keep up the great work!
I will add that!
Oh my god, the intro absolutely killed me. It’s great to see a fellow “bro” on chemistry-tube.
Can somebody tell me, the guy who had this randomly recommended by the mighty algorithm, what's desirable about hydrobromic acid?
Its used in alot of synthesis to bond a bromine atom to a molecule, primarily as an intermediate
best chem channel ever just off the intro's
Not a chemist but I really enjoy your videos. You create great videos and definitely will become very popular. The one thing I think would really help your channel though is spending a little more time in the editing. For the most part, it's great, but there are still a few mistakes. For instance, when you find a mistake, as you did when the voice over said the temperature couldn't exceed 70°, you corrected with a text overlay, but I wish you'd redone the voiceover for that piece. And when you were talking about, I believe it was temperatures, you had video of a ruler that unless I missed something didn't make sense. I get it's more work and I'm sure you're very busy with doing RUclips and school but I think these minor fixes could really help you get big fast. No hate, all love, just want the best for you
Thank you for the considerations!!
My fellow Americans. Chemdelic is a great chemistry RUclips.
A great channel. Some say the best. Very good!
If those two guys decided to have a baby, that person could've been this narrator 😆
since my lord and savior, god king donald, subscribed, i guess i will too!
youre speech cadence is basically identical to nurd rage. i like that lol
I love this channel!! Speaking of hydrobromide... I've always wondered what the process for producing dextromethorphan polistirex (active ingredient in Delsym) is. I know it's basically just DXM HBr but encased in some sort of polymer/edible plastic to make it extended-release, but as someone who doesn't have any formal knowledge of chemistry I have no idea how someone would do that and I've been unable to find anything talking about the process.
I’d have to look more into it!
love the opening
I didn't really understand much of this but it was entertaining. I have some questions: what? why?
Endorsement from 3 presidents. Wow truly fire
best channel on yt rn
I think sort of like HCl, HBr is so volatile that you lose a lot just by having it sit around. Its got that really nasty gas solubility curve.
Yeah I need to use it soon
1:31 that's one hell of a foreshadow for 2:03
Can't wait for the next video, that should be cool.
I was looking for a channel like this
I just wondering why you can't obtain it out of curiosity. Is it like a DEA or BATFE restricted? Because I think I've seen it mentioned in a few LSD synth notes scrolling through errowid, but that's what I figure may be the cause perhaps. Can't seem to find any info as to why it would be restricted though.
It’s expensive and lots of companies don’t like selling to individuals
babe wake up, chemdelic just posted
I'd do the distillation under reduced pressure. If you don't have a vacuum pump, I think a water aspirator would probably be sufficient. HBr tends to oxidize, even at room temp, which is why solutions will darken, over time.
Surprisingly mine cleared up the next day. I wrapped in aluminum foil so no light would hit it and put into a cold environment.
@@chemdelic I think light, especially the UV in sunlight, is the main cause of the decomposition, followed by heat.
I'm guessing the darkening happened due to NaCl being in your purchased precursor. As a result, halogens fight like siblings do and thus I propose now you do
Chemdelic: Yo need some HBr
Chemical company: NaBrO
Making [insert chemical compound here] cause no chemical company will sell it to me
Surely next video create a dark lab, extract lysergic acid from ergot and create lsd?
Clearly you need to get yourself a nice big analog apothecary scale.
I agree 1000%!!
Subbed, dude I love your channel keep it up
I love your channel always the best video and such funny titles
Nice work!!
Amazing intro, reminded me to see if I was subscribed since I watch your content
The first chem I ever did was 2-bromopropane. Tried the 2-chloro version using normal salt for hcl source it's ultra flammable and has super low B.P. it caught fire and tip of ice water condenser that was that. Failed on 2-chloropropane but 2-bromo ultra easy. Peace be safe. Alkylating agent known carcinogen.
Everything about these uploads are quality. The camera quality, the equipment quality, the meme quality, and also holy that mic quality is exceptional you are killing it dude this is very impressive.
You can fix the air bubble in your thermometer. Look up a YT video on it. You do it similarly to how you'd compress powder in a capillary tube - you drop it down a tube that's resting on some tuberware. It'll bounce off the tuberware (back up the tube a little) and that force usually gets the air bubbles out.
I’ll try that. I’m afraid I’ll get angry and break it😂
Tf is tuberware?
@@joeshmoe4207 just plastic food containers. It's just so the thermometer will bounce off of it and not break.
@@chemdelic nah, it's pretty easy. You'll see.
Your videos are so much more entertaining than nilered. You learn more and your commentary is more exiting, no offence to nilered, just personal preference
Literally the best channel ever
Unironically
Your non expected distillation temperatures is prolly due to your elevation, but as always a nice time watch chemistry i don't understand but ooh crystals
Just use disulfur dibromide dissolved in bromine with ice water followed by distillation. Its much more efficient.
Interesting. Thank you brother!!
@@chemdelic Anytime! It's a great prep because the sulfur acts as a catalyst to turn all of the bromine into HBr. As the S2Br2 hydrolyzes to give HBr and S the S reacts with more Br2 which then hydrolyzes and the cycle continues. So you only use a small amount of S and you can make HBr in high yields. I've used it many, many times on my channel to make all kinds of metal and metalloid bromine complexes. I think the prep is on the PrepChem website. I feel your pain about the lack of commercially available HBr to us mere mortals and this is the best solution I found to that problem. I hope it helps! You have an excellent channel. Definitely subscribed.
Not the three stooges intro😂😂😂
That intro is so terribly good
Thank you Nathan walker 🫡
"I didn't", "I should of"....lab test fail! Turn in your lab coat! lol
I have done this many times. I don't know how NurdRage poured the sulfuric acid like he did, I have tried (many times) and there's no way to pour that much concentrated acid without an extreme exotherm. A dropping funnel dropping the acid into the bromide solution over the course of at least a couple of hours was always necessary. I also tried the sodium bisulfate method. I would describe it as very nearly unworkable for the purposes of hydrobromic acid production, unless you are in some backwater and have access to literally nothing other than sodium bromide and sodium bisulfate, in which case it's fortunate you can produce any at all, albeit extremely tediously.
“You should do this outside”
Or ya know like in a fume hood? I feel anyone that will actually repeat this would be in a chem lab. Maybe I’m crazy
I don’t have a fumehood yet🥲
That's the danger. That they won't be. Professionals start every set of instructions with a discussion of safety. Amateurs feel safety "gets in the way". Amateurs either have some close calls and become professionals. Or have some close calls and end maimed or dead. It's better to just jump straight to professional and skip the maiming.
The first rule of safety is, don't count on preventing the bad thing from happening. Sure, it's nice for it NOT to catch on fire, or explode, or have a piece fly off a rotating on part with the kinetic energy of a 357 magnum, or whatever the hazard is. (A freind once told me a story of a guy in his lab that was using an LN2 trap. He said he walked in saw what he was doing and started to tell him to close the hood and step back. That's when the liquid oxygen that was collecting in the trap (it has a higher BP than nitrogen) went off, and took half the guys face off. My friend said that after 26 years working with energetics, he still had all his fingers that he knew what he was doing. And he was right.
There are so many things that can go sideways and kill you doing this stuff, it's not "safety theatre" to suggest that it's very dangerous and should only be done by professionals , in professional settings.
Before doing these things, a professional writes a detailed procedure. Not what's in the book, but one that exactly describes his equipment and exactly how he is going to do it, including all the safety protocols and controls. Then he had a colleague review it and make changes accordingly. Depending on what he's making he may conduct further levels of review. (A simple procedure needs a simple review, a complex or hazardous procedure needs more review. For example, making something that can explode, or if there are chemical compatibility issues. I once did an analysis for MEK peroxide for example. MEK peroxide has enough hazards, however, it must never be mixed with acetone. That can create acetone peroxide, which is hazardous enough that radical islamic terrorists that are ready to die for their cause and earn their eternal reward in paradise, prefer to use something more stable. As such, you never have the two chemicals in the same hood. There are tons of things like that. Peroxides are actually a big problem. A competent and professionally run lan has a program to manage peroxide formers. Many chemicals will form organic peroxides over time. Just from sitting on a shelf. This can be dangerous when distilling. Especially if you distill most of the solvent out. The peroxide will explode. Others will form organic peroxides that are solid at STP and will detonate when you disturb them. Often when removing the cap from the bottle. And I don't mean, broken glass and a fire. One of my professors told me about one of his professors that had a 25ml beaker of ether that went off when he picked it up. Blew all fingers off. It's no joke.
Energetics can do similar things. Picric acid is a common one. You have to keep it wet, but that's not enough. Just like some peroxides, it will sublimate onto the cap and threads on the I side of the bottle. When you take the cap off, boom.
And there are many other gotchas as well. Things that will create toxic fumes that can kill you dead with a single breath (or even worse, leave you lingering for days or weeks before you die) or things that contribute to organ damage with repeated exposure so you will die a lingering death 20 years down the road. Or things that cause cancer. My friend who worked making energetics has kidney damage , nerve damage and they have at least a dozen skin cancers from him. Was it what he did for a quarter of a century? Who knows. But he took all the proper precautions, how much are you being exposed to without any?
So you read the MSDS before you do anything? But they only tell you the hazards of what you EXPECT to have. It's far harder to figure out how to deal with hazards that can occur but DON'T expect. (That's why you have others review your work. Preferably, if you're lucky, you have that old guy around, who can remember obscure bits of trivia from back when he was in school and has 25 years of experience. Then you pay attention and learn so you can be that guy in 25 years.
The biggest problem is, you don't know what you don't know That's where basic universal safety practices come into play. You do your work on a proper dime hood. With the sash most of the way down to protect you. You check that the air flow is working right every time. You may put a portable lexan blast shield between you and what you're working on.
I once did a procedure that involved running a reaction catalyzed by dropping a chunk of iron into a solution containing concentrated HCL. It produces a lot of hydrogen which is an explosion hazard. So I flushed the "glassware" with argon, and put the whole thing behind a blast shield. But I went further. Glassware is in quotes,because I used plastic flasks and tubes. I stuck the iron sample to the side of the flask with a magnet on a string. Then closed the sash, and pulled the string to start the reaction. One of my coworkers who had a bone to pick with me over a bunch of extra work she ended up having to do because of me on a previous project started on the hand wavy ,wide eyed "safety theatre" bit. "If it's so dangerous, maybe we shouldn't do it at all" I didn't dismiss it. Sometimes someone to spite their best efforts to be annoying, ends up actually seeing something you missed (after all, they are usually trying so hard to find something they can point to in an "aha, you screwed up" moment. That's when you say, "thanks, that was a good catch" and watch them fume. The boss knows what they do, and now YOU look like a team player.) Even though I knew it was bs, I listened and considered each point. They were right about where I ran my extension cord. But my procedure addressed every possible concern. The hydrogen should not ignite, because I purged the oxygen, but even if it did, it was behind the blast shield,and behind the sash. The most likely outcome would be that the stopper would pop out of the 4L plastic flask and spray the solution all over the hood. But even if it built up enough pressure to explode, it would still only make aess on the hood to clean up. Even things I could not foresee, would be contained in the hood because the energy available in the reagents used was insufficient to cause damage beyond that.
That's how you do it.
I have no fking idea about chemistry, but i love your videos
It's just magic and voodoo. Nothing to understand. Just enjoy the product ;)
This channel has an uncanny ambivalence towards yellow chemistry...
Just thought I'd mention, when making alkyl halides one generally just generates the HBR in situ from a halide salt and a non-oxidizing acid (e.g. for bromoethane, you would throw sodium or potassium bromide, phosphoric or tosylic acid and ethanol in a flask and distill it over. This is because you want to keep the water level low as it is a product of the reaction and thermodynamics dictates that it will lower yields. Yields are even higher (sometimes substantially) if you throw some phosphorous pentoxide (the anhydride of phosphoric acid) into 85% phosphoric acid to get 95% phosphoric acid and use that instead. Should be clear that this is done before adding the phosphoric acid to the bromide salt and ethanol, if you did it after it could cause an explosion.
I totally agree. I just wanted to make it so I could either use it for bromoethane or any other application. Thank you so much for watching!
@@chemdelic I wonder why they don't sell it. Anyways here are some suppliers that will ship residential, YT doesn't allow links but a google search should bring up their websites:
- The Science Company ( best for strong acids-- 1L of concentrated sulfuric acid for $40, they have a number of other things though)
- United Nuclear (good source of alkali metals, mercury, calcium carbide (for generating acetylene gas)
- Synthetika Chemicals (haven't used them yet and only make like 10 items, but their "about us" section states that their primary purpose is to source hard-to-find chemicals for hobbyists, so they'll order it for you and ship it to you if they don't stock it).
You should invest in a density hedrometer - they're pretty cheap!
Mmmm yes, hydrobromic acid....
My favorite chemical has hydrobromic acid in it. You'll never guess which one it is.
What’s more fun than making tar? Yellow chemistry
dont let this guy near Nile red, bro gonna get more powerful with this guy in the arsenal
Nilered//Chemdelic would go hard
whenever I see yellow in chemistry I get nervous
Its as if nile red, nurdrage and Chemplayer combined into one
Not the yellow!
Chemdelic endorsed by 2 former and 1 current president(s)
leaving a comment to promote chemdelic. he is a god
Is it just me or is this channel a hybrid between nilered and nurdrage?
Mine prob 13-14% HBr (Hydrobromic acid) with 4-5% Bromine dissolved in it.
Straight fireeeeeeee
Why is it always pool supplies?
we humans like to marinate in the good stuff
Great videos! Could you make acrylic acid or an ester?
Potentially!
Why not using a drop funel? An important quality of a chemist is to be patient.
Great video as always
Man I think im going to subscribe
I see you have. Thank you so much!
Why not make deionized water into ice cubes to better ensure the solution stays cool?
Talks like JerryRigEverything with NileRed content, what more could you want?
should do a video on birch reduction of pseudoephedrine 🤔🤔 for science