WHAT IS RUNWAY EXCURSION? WHAT IS RUNWAY INCURSION? YOU MUST KNOW THEM. BY CAPTAIN SAEED KAZEMIZAD

WHAT IS RUNWAY EXCURSION? WHAT IS RUNWAY INCURSION? YOU MUST KNOW THIS TWO AVIATION EXPRESION BY CAPTAIN SAEED KAZEMIZAD.
Most Common Runway Incursion Types According to reports until 2016 which is now available in my hand are as follow:
Incorrect entry of an aircraft or vehicle onto the runway protected area (without or contrary to ATC clearance or due to incorrect ATC clearance)
Incorrect presence of a vacating aircraft or vehicle onto the runway protected area
Incorrect runway crossing by an aircraft or vehicle (without or contrary to ATC clearance or due to incorrect ATC clearance)
Incorrect spacing between successive arriving or arriving and departing aircraft
Landing without ATC Clearance
Take-off without ATC Clearance
On the other hand Runway Excursion is failure of pilot to stop the airplane on runway for any reason
Most Common Runway Excursion Types According to reports until 2016 are as follow:
A departing aircraft fails to become airborne or successfully reject the take off before reaching the end of the designated runway.
A landing aircraft is unable to stop before the end of the designated runway is reached.
An aircraft taking off, rejecting take off or landing departs the side of the designated runway.
The most efficient way to reduce runway Excursion and runway incursion is to have a complete crew briefing and tread and error management which is a mandatory part of briefing since 2019 according to EASA regulation.
A runway incursion is an incident where an unauthorized aircraft, vehicle, or person is on a runway or runway protected area. Under some interpretations, a runway incursion also exists when an aircraft crosses into an ILS protected area or approach protected area when active. Any such incursion adversely affects runway safety, as it creates the risk that an airplane taking off or landing will collide with the object, distract the non-infringing flight crew, or interfere with navigational signals such as the glideslope or localizer. "Runway Incursion" is defined by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) on April 27, 2006, as:
Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft.
In October 2007, the Federal Aviation Administration dropped its own definition of "runway incursion" and adopted the above. The difference between the two was "that ICAO defines a runway incursion as any unauthorized intrusion onto a runway, regardless of whether or not an aircraft presents a potential conflict. For the FAA, an incident without an aircraft in potential conflict- such as an unauthorized aircraft crossing an empty runway- was defined as a 'surface incident' and not a runway incursion."[1]
There are 3 types of runway incursions with 4 levels of severity that the FAA uses to classify incidents.
Operational Incidents - Action of an air traffic controller that results in less than required minimum separation between two or more aircraft, or between an aircraft and obstacles (vehicles, equipment, personnel) on runways or clearing an aircraft to takeoff or land on a closed runway.
Pilot Deviations - Action of a pilot that violates any Federal Aviation Regulation, example: a pilot crosses a runway without a clearance while en route to an airport gate.
Vehicle/Pedestrian Deviations - Pedestrians or vehicles entering any portion of the airport movement areas (runways/taxiways) without authorization from air traffic control.
SAEED KAZEMIZAD
The 4 levels of severity are as follows:
Category D - Incident that meets the definition of runway incursion such as incorrect presence of a single vehicle/person/aircraft on the protected area of a surface designated for the landing and takeoff of aircraft but with no immediate safety consequences.
Category C - An incident characterized by ample time and/or distance to avoid a collision.
Category B - An incident in which separation decreases and there is a significant potential for collision, which may result in a time critical corrective/evasive response to avoid a collision.
Category A - A serious incident in which a collision was narrowly avoided.
Accident - An incursion that resulted in a collision.[2]

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[@AVIATIONATHOME]

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[@mehdisoltani5053]

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[@AVIATIONATHOME]

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[@saeedkazemizad6359]

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