NF-κB Pathway | Cell Survival Pathway

NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells) is a protein complex that controls transcription of DNA, cytokine production and cell survival. NF-κB is found in almost all animal cell types and is involved in cellular responses to stimuli such as stress, cytokines, free radicals, heavy metals, ultraviolet irradiation, oxidized LDL, and bacterial or viral antigens.
NF-κB plays a key role in regulating the immune response to infection. Incorrect regulation of NF-κB has been linked to cancer, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, septic shock, viral infection, and improper immune development. NF-κB has also been implicated in processes of synaptic plasticity and memory.
NF-κB is important in regulating cellular responses because it belongs to the category of "rapid-acting" primary transcription factors, i.e., transcription factors that are present in cells in an inactive state and do not require new protein synthesis in order to become activated (other members of this family include transcription factors such as c-Jun, STATs, and nuclear hormone receptors). This allows NF-κB to be a first responder to harmful cellular stimuli. Known inducers of NF-κB activity are highly variable and include reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS).
Activation of the NF-κB is initiated by the signal-induced degradation of IκB proteins. This occurs primarily via activation of a kinase called the IκB kinase (IKK). IKK is composed of a heterodimer of the catalytic IKKα and IKKβ subunits and a "master" regulatory protein termed NEMO (NF-κB essential modulator) or IKK gamma. When activated by signals, usually coming from the outside of the cell, the IκB kinase phosphorylates two serine residues located in an IκB regulatory domain. When phosphorylated on these serines (e.g., serines 32 and 36 in human IκBα), the IκB proteins are modified by a process called ubiquitination, which then leads them to be degraded by a cell structure called the proteasome.
With the degradation of IκB, the NF-κB complex is then freed to enter the nucleus where it can 'turn on' the expression of specific genes that have DNA-binding sites for NF-κB nearby. The activation of these genes by NF-κB then leads to the given physiological response, for example, an inflammatory or immune response, a cell survival response, or cellular proliferation.

[@AhPekCek]

I love how you emphasize "PATHWAY"

[@KC-hd3wi]

HAHHAHA

[@indiabiologyexplains5013]

For more information on IkBa, its destruction box gets phosphorylated. The destruction box is a certain residue located on the IkBa protein. This tags it for proteolytic degradation.

[@radnmar8727]

Can you please explain more? This is the information i’m stuck with

[@indiabiologyexplains5013]

@@radnmar8727 You know that IkBa is the inhibitor of Nf kappa B. Whenever NF kappa B needs to be activated, a protein called Inhibitor of Nf kappa B recognizes a domain on IkBa called the destruction box. Then it knows to degrade it.

[@user-sl6fr9uh3t]

​@@indiabiologyexplains5013Plz tell how tradd decides what to recruit Because the ligand tnf alpha is same For both apoptosis n antiapoptosis.

[@yuhyeet231]

Compact, clear, great visual explanation. You make studying pleasant and efficient! :)

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad it helps

[@Luis-er3wn]

very amazing, helping me so much with my molecular immunology class !

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Ryka for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps...

[@jeffbatey1632]

Great job, thank you so much for clearing this up.

[@SimranKaur-hw4hx]

thank you so much

[@hussainbiology]

Most wlcm...

[@monimone5114]

as always, shining and amazing. so good explanation and easily to understand, I liked the way how you describe and how you make it emotional :Dd Thank you so much Hussain Biology 😍💖🖐😃✌

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Moni for appreciation... Really Glad to know that it helps....keep sharing and supporting 😊

[@lauraharrison7609]

Great video, very good and easy but detailed explanation!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@gildedgatsby]

Thank you for this video. I am trying to learn how the histamine system works. How it can be suppressed with medications that don't cause drowsiness (like loratidine). And how it can be exploited for use in alternative medications like armodafinil which might have a histamanergic mechanism of action.

[@adrianamelo1343]

Best video I have ever seen, really helpful, thanks.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation.. Glad it helps...

[@KmeleoNCL]

Thanks it's so clear and useful!

[@kruthikam7998]

Very informative ! Thank you

[@ashirt2100]

Really helpful.Thanks a lot.God bless you.

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks Trisha for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps

[@cpard2d2]

Simple and effective, l´m making a diagram and wanted to make sure l was on the right PATH-WAY.

[@lonerwitdreamzanne7966]

Thank you, your video has helped me to understand the CARD11 protein.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps

[@Farhab]

A SUGGESTION: Please add the reference of the page and book from which the data for video is collected as the reference for that video can be.....Hoda, S. A., & Hoda, R. S. (2005). Robbins and cotran pathologic basis of disease. , (2), 103. p. 31

[@gulshanthakur3555]

Very Appreciable work 😊😊🤗🤗

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation... Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@batoulfarhat5737]

PROOOOOO as always!! Thankyou verry much 🤗

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps ✌️

[@bentAlk3bi]

wish you best of luck many thanks

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation

[@soso14pinkya]

this is so good! Thank you!!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Salma for appreciation.... Glad it helps

[@notuxdk1869]

So helpful !!THANKS

[@hussainbiology]

❤️

[@user-sl6fr9uh3t]

Very great video sir ...plz tell How tradd knows what to recruit with the same ligand (tnf alpha)..Plz their should some other factors to decide what are those ,I got confused sir

[@shuwen6091]

Clear and informative !

[@baratoplata7050]

This is great. It would probably be worth mentioning that the Toll like receptors are also activators of NF-KB though

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps

[@aylin_ve_babasi]

Thank you man, good explanation.

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps

[@PharmaTalksbyUtsav_Sharma.]

Amazing explanation

[@shwethakrishna3716]

Superb sir..

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation ✌️

[@DrTLedo]

very, very well done

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation

[@bharathraj5862]

Thank you Sir

[@brittanymorgan3727]

Thanks so much!

[@gabrielcastaneda2057]

nice video, thanks

[@malaneyy408]

Love your channel! I have a question.. Does the IAP you drew in blue come from the activation of NFKB?

[@hussainbiology]

that is already there which remains inhibited by Diablo Proteins and its homologs (SMAC ).

[@malaneyy408]

@@hussainbiology Ah thank you!

[@ths1158]

Very helpful video thank you! just would like to respectfully say that at times it was a bit hard to understand certain words due to the accent. But other than that great video!

[@hussainbiology]

thanks for appreciation..Glad to know that it helps...

[@user-ki7lp6qt9y]

❤❤❤

[@hanahesami1616]

great

[@hussainbiology]

thanks Hana for appreciation

[@moudial-hamwah2259]

thank you

[@hussainbiology]

You are welcome

[@kawtarhaouache5749]

where does TNRF2 come in to these pathways?

[@LCVM0]

EXCELENT!

[@ramakrishnabandarlanka2370]

How to decrease inflammation and make it apoptosis happen normally?

[@ishfaqahmadbaba3409]

You should add little more to by explaining Canonical and Non Canonical to it.How one is different from other.

[@hussainbiology]

Surely i will consider adding that too .

[@sawsanelgohary3188]

@@hussainbiology thank you so much ,, but is this video talking about canonical or non canonical ??? and whats the difference

[@blerta8917]

very nice! ^_^

[@hussainbiology]

Thanks for appreciation...Glad to know that it helps

[@Mustafa_Ebraheim]

نفسي افهم الاكسنت بتاعة الهنود😭

[@kikivanamen6177]

the f is not a p

[@msumode4493]

ur pronounciation is so funny.