Grand Central’s $11BN Underground Expansion
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- Опубликовано: 10 авг 2021
- For the last 15 years, construction crews have been blasting, boring and building an entirely new concourse beneath Grand Central - all without shutting down service. See how Bluebeam is helping teams upgrade America's infrastructure - bit.ly/3xwFwTb
Full story here - theb1m.com/video/grand-centra...
This video contains paid promotion for Bluebeam. See how Bluebeam is helping teams upgrade America's infrastructure - bit.ly/3xwFwTb
Executive Producer and Narrator - Fred Mills
Producer - Jaden Urbi
Video Editing and Graphics - Jim Casey
Production Management - Clare Furlonger
Content Partnership - Liam Marsh
Special thanks to Michael Pujdak and the Metropolitan Transportation Authority. Additional footage and images courtesy of A Modern LI, MTA Construction & Development, the Office of Governor Andrew M. Cuomo and Amtrak.
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Nice shot of Robin Williams at 1:23 posted this video 7 years after his passing, I’m sure it’s a coincidence but nice touch if it was intentional.
The Fisher King was one of his finest performances
Wait, he dead? T_T
Nice tribute moment. Some people do find unnecessary suffering hard to watch.
别忘了，我们的目标是人均超越美国，而不是总体超越美国。
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I started working in NYC 31 years ago when the MTA was seriously trying to get this project off the planning board. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may not.
Not with all that overtime fraud. MTA unions are literally just milking taxpayers for everything they can get before they move to Florida
Yes you will buddy....
Amazing works! Really would visit it.
With the new Trillion dollar Infrastructure bill, you might just see it.
@@casmatt99 Your phrasing, "unnecessary but required", is pure gold. It's practically New York's motto.
I currently been working on this tunnel for about six years, it's truly amazing how far we have came. A lot of blood sweat and tears went into making this piece of beauty.
Have you spoken with anyone who's been there since the start? It's a fascinating idea, that no one who started this project might see its end. I'm sure there are some original engineers still in the loop, but at some point we will start seeing truly generational infrastructure projects.
2nd language?
As a native New Yorker I can assure you that this project will be one of the most transformative projects in NYC history. With all of the traffic congestion coming into NYC, by rail, the 40 or so minutes that traveling into and out of city towards Long Island is immense.
Whyy are infrastructure projects soo hard to get a pass in NY
@@karankapoor2701 At least NY has these infrastructural projects. Most areas in the country don't even have subways at all.
As a Westchester Metro-North commuter, I hate that the unwashed masses of LIRR commuters will dirty my precious Grand Central Terminal. LIRR commuters should just use the rat hole known as the Penn Station.
@@karankapoor2701 They are tremendously expensive. Also note that 73% of the project has to be funded by the state and the city and just 27% is funded by the federal government. NY may be rich, but a lot of big ticket projects are currently underway: upgrading the airports (Laguardia, JFK), the ongoing refurbishment of the subway, etc.
Ok why not just add infill stations at Madison /park ave and 1st ave. ? Or create regional rail through network
Arriving by train and coming up to the great hall for the first time is very awe inspiring . Building the new tracks and platforms is like rebuilding a engine through the tailpipe!
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no
@@PhysicsOfParkour U wot m8?
That's a really good comparison!!
grand central is fucking awesome. just too bad we dont still have the old penn station as well
Sounds like my bladder treatment !
"Andrew Cuomo, Governor of New York" unlucky timing lmao
Hopefully he's now shoveling the ground somewhere down there 😏
Well technically he is still Governor when the video aired. As a NYC resident, I can only say thank the heavens we finally got rid of this pompous deviant.
@@EliF-ge5bu he didn’t resign immediately, he put in 2 weeks notice so he’s still in charge until the end of the month… 🙄
Lol i mean, who doesn't want him to be resigned, just like Gavin newsom
I'm on the other side of the Globe and laughing at this lol
One of the best documentary channels on RUclips, thank you for educating us, B1M 👍
Absolutely! Just love the B1M. Cheers.
I thank your mum for educating me in anatomy 😏
Congrats NewYork, this is going to be an amazing addition. I hope america speeds up its construction pace. Thankyou for amazing content B1m 👏
I build new york in 1467 your welcome
Great to see the US still does infrastructure! More of this please.
hopefully we will see a lot more in the coming years
@@dont-want-no-wrench I say BUILD BUILD BUILD. Build rail projects, ship yards high speed rail etc.
@@seanpruitt6801 Also bike lanes! Car free zones too!
We need much more! I can't wait for the northeast region to take high speed 250-300+ mph trains seriously.
@@r.d.9399 North America could be an amazing place. So much talent and resources. Just needs to come together and focus on the people.
I will never regret that I found this channel. The quality and the accuracy is at its finest. How I wish though that they upload twice or thrice a week.
The recommendation bots chose you not the other way around
I’ve been binging them ever since I found the channel lmao
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no
@@j.b.8800 Lol
Quality not quantity. The current upload schedule is fine.
I guess Governor Gropo won’t be there for the ending of this project. What a shame, he’s been so hands on throughout this touchy process.
lol
Amazing comment. Hahaha.
not agree or disagree but could you at least wait for the due process to kill someone's career and reputation?
@@rerikm He had a reputation? Career , yes. career af lying
@@rerikm More than likely his resignation was done as a deal with the AG to get him off of everything.
I’ve been working on this project with the NYC Sandhogs local 147 since 2010. Best local ever. I’m still there working with my other brothers local 731. Best job ever
My most favorite place in whole USA... I've traveled through it many times. wish to see it again with my siblings.
These videos just keep improving. No wonder why this is the definitive channel for construction!
3:37 Blasting underground from 1-3am - that’s why it’s called the city that never sleeps! They keep getting woken up!
😂😂😂 if ONLY we'd made that joke in the video. How could we miss it?!
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no
I’m under the impression that blasts at that depth won’t be heard on the surface
its so deep underground nobody hears it lmao
@@seju9959 Sound travels through rock and earth faster and with less loss than in air. You will feel it, or hear it if your ear is on your pillow/bed, just as for an earthquake.
I was on the first train as it pulled in today! Car 9 specifically!
Everyone was so happy as we arrived. There was so much smiling and waving and cheering and it was just the greatest feeling to have been a part of.
The music and documentary just blend so well. New concept and i love this!
It still baffles me that they didn't want to connect it to New Jersey, creating a RER style system. Building new termini in city centres 2021 seems so archaic for a metropolitan rail system
That's what I was thinking. Introducing a new inefficiency to a system as you're trying to make it more efficient doesn't seem like the best course of action.
They did and do and planned to do it but NY to NJ is interstate travel which requires the U.S. Federal Government to approve it. Trump killed the project, for now.
@@alliejr any link available? I find it interesting and want to read more on that ;-)
@@alliejr that is not true at all. The federal government is not needed for two states to build a road or tracks between them.
Because this is all within the same city..let alone state. Imagine the regulations and issues and federal gov involvement in something like this across state lines. Also, they have been trying to 'clean up' queens for a while and build it up into another Manhattan since land and space there is running out and getting too expensive there. So they want to build out and start turning queens into another zone like manhattan. Hence new billion dollar skycrappers that are popping up like Skyline towers in queens.
With all the stars, my goodness. B1M you have done it again. I was in NYC a few weeks ago and I was not even aware of what was happening. All of this information was delicious to consume and just delightful... all because this video was created by all of you, B1M. Thank you for existing! ^_^
I worked at the east side access project…. Truly some amazing engineering. While installing plumbing for the new station I watched them lift and re-support The Helmsley building in the middle of the night. That was years ago but it’s really cool to see the project finally be completed.
Wow I wonder how this wonders. I am thinking what happens if a building/structure foundation is in the way.
This is the quality content I expect from the DEFINITIVE CHANNEL FOR CONSTRUCTION! I had no idea about any of this!
I know this will be a quality video without watching it just because it's the B1M
Haha, thanks! Please come back after watching and tell us if it met expectations 😬
Its like a mini documentary, but without the hassle of watching it for 45 mins. Great job
Omg amazing
@@TheB1M I burst out laugh when I saw Cuomo in the vid' "GOODBYE, BITCH 😂"
@@TheB1M yes u met the expectations :)
An amazingly complex project! Thanks for another great video documenting this incredible effort in such detail!
Love the graphics and VE in this video! Really spectacular and helped so much to visualize the project.
Awesome transformation that brings one of busiest terminals meet modern needs. Awesome video B1M thanks for such great videos.
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no
Having commuted from Rye to Grand Central Terminal over a 30-year period I remember GCT before it was revitalized. Jacqueline Onassis was instrumental of bringing Grand Central back to life. When they did clean up Grand Central Terminal (not a station) they cleaned all but one tile which is up in the upper left hand corner of the ceiling which is still black. Also when you look at the constellation on the ceiling it's as if it's in reverse as if you are on the other side looking down.
As soon as I read the title of this video, I was super excited to watch it, since I knew it was about East Side Access, and I knew you were going to make a good video on it!
😳😲 Amazing! Astonishing! Just stunningly fantastic work by the engineers! 👏 When we want to, we can get it done! 👍 Great video, B1M!
Oh my god. I love this city. Just had been there one time. Like coming back!
Cuomo: we are gonna finish this even if I have to go down there with a shovel myself.
Maybe he will, as part of his mandated community service.
LOL
Cuomo was still trying to push his shovel wherever he could :D
Court mandated community service is the only way they’d ever get that guy to pick up a shovel, that’s for sure. lol
LOL
He'll go down there if there is a female construction worker to grope.
6:16, That is the "L" train going over the Chicago River in Chicago. Looks to be the brown line train as it is running to Kimball
I may not have been to many big cities but boy do I love New York, every bit of it. Okay, I *don't* love that it's hard to find sweet tea at a restaurant but that's IT.
Sweet tea? What's that? ;-)
Go to Chinatown
@@alliejr The true nectar of life is what sweet tea is! Now if you'll excuse me, I have to take an insulin shot.
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no
Soul food restaurant.
I know the large price tags make people want to avoid these projects, but public transport is vital to a cities future.
lol said who? the pandemic means people are working remotely more, moving out of big cities, and avoid crowded public transportation.
@@NhatHuyNg Most people don’t have jobs that can be done on the internet. You need a cable guy to physical check what’s wrong with the box and fix it. You need a electrician to get out and fix it physically. If 10% of workers went to work online from home then that means you still have 90% and when they finish working from home they will still have cars and drive for groceries, buying luxuries and more
Also more people are moving into cities since they are the hub for high paying work. You don’t see google, Sony or any other big names park there headquarters in a suburb.
And anyway, Cities are the future. We are not overcrowded but we need to pollute less and have people actually move instead of being fantasies and using cars to get to all the places. And having more people with more cars ain’t gonna do that.
@@supergamergrill7734 where the fck did you get the number only "10% of workers went to work online"? and no, company like Google do not put the headquarter at megacities' centers. FFS, do some research before putting nonsense on the internet.
New York City is one of the most corrupt in the world, everyone knows anytime a project like this comes along the politicians steal soo much money that even their great grand children will be rich.. this took a MILLION dollars per foot in comparison Japan new high speed bullet train takes like $19k per foot... but you know whats the really funny part that gets me?? its the fact that this is the most expensive train in the world and your chances of getting hit in the face with a brick and robbed is like 15%.....
@@NhatHuyNg I did. RUclips keeps deleting my comment so I’ll just say it. It’s 27 percent of people work online. Now that’s inflated since many people are just not working so once it happens the numbers will go down and two companies expect 70% back in offices. You do the math
Such an informative video, thank you! I walk through Grand Central Station almost every day and I knew that there was some construction going on below there but had no idea how complex it is. So cool. I really love this channel as well and I'm so glad that I randomly stumbled upon it. Cheers from a fellow RUclipsr here in New York City. Thank you!
This was SO COOL! Thank you for producing it 💖I live in Manhattan and take metro north often.
I can’t wrap my head around a price tag of $1M/foot for that section. I’ve been thinking about it for the last fifteen minutes and can’t understand why it was that much. Perhaps the guys here can expand on why costs balloon like that. I’m assuming it’s way beyond mundane reasons like “the rock is super hard there” kind of thing lol
1. The original estimate is intentionally small to get the project off the ground. 2. NYC has 100% union construction workforce, and a ton of regulations and regulatory authorities that both hike up the costs and slow things down. 3. As administrations change and the economy ebs and flows, the project stops and starts so it's not that they have been working on it non-stop for 50 years. It went decades without any serious work. Time is money.
@@alliejr I bet it could be done by the swiss for 1/10th the cost...
@@machintrucGaming Unlike Europe, the US has neglected train infrastructure for decades. Much of the cost could be due simply to inexperience and low scale of production. If Americans focused more on underground train infrastructure in general, the costs would be somewhat lower. Unfortunately, the automobile is king in North America.
I once had to construct a stair, that went up for 3 floors. The cost where without installation or anything. Just the materials cost where exactly €10.000.000,=. Just because someone had convinced the government that his friend was able to deliver the stair for the best price/quality rating. If we had build it our self's without this person, the stair would have cost just over 1 million everything included and the quality would be beter.
So sometimes, it all comes down to governments wanting to please there friends instead of looking after the taxpayers money.
Work rules that are stupid and not done anywhere sane.
As someone who works 2 blocks away from GCS I am blown away by this, every day I get off at this station and never hear a single explosion lol
OH I clicked this video within two seconds of seeing it! I love when there is a fresh B1M video waiting for me! My favorite.
Man, you don't know how much I look forward to relaxing and watching your new videos 💆🏻♂️
Your videos are always of such stellar quality! Loved this one
Yikes!
B1M has one upped the game.✊
Great video, living up in Edmonton Canada and having one of the first LRT systems of its kind in the world built in a city of less then 500,000 people in 1977 this NewYork project is a milestone for New Yorkers. Congratulations. I hope to visit next year and will certainly look forward to seeing this along with the original system.
I love this channel. The subjects or topics you discuss are always delightful.
reminds me of japan, they have like whole cities underground, you can get so lost in those stations! awesome video as always B1M
I once spent 20 minutes trying to get out of Shinjuku station. It's hard to believe that you could get lost in a building, but it's totally true.
I watch B1M videos religiously. So good, no matter the topic. ❤️
I can’t wait to visit it - I remember the picture of the “Cavern” (ie. The new train station space) a few years ago…
While I was living in NY I watch a lot of this being built. It’s pretty amazing to see. I’m from SC and we barely build shit down here. They have been fighting for 20 years to expand one road here. The price went from 30 million to over 300 million in that time.
The B1M + New York = best combination
Right before my retirement from the railroad in 2016( locomotive engineer MNRR) I was fortunate enough to tour this amazing work area....the sheer scope of the project was awe inspiring....I will return to GCT to experience this new chapter in MNRR/LIRR history !
Another fantastic video. I can’t believe that such a massive project like this exists but I never knew was even happening.
Thank you for this video. i am going to plan a trip to NYC in 2022 to see the results of all this work. i so enjoy your videos.
They built one tunnel in the same time it took China to build their entire High-speed rail network lol
Yes. Imagine what you can do when you don’t treat your workers like humans 🤣
@@Adriana-eu6ty imagine giving excuses so that people who can't afford cars have to deal with the shitty transportation and wait long hours everyday 😁
Yep!!!! One bowl of rice a day and you sleep and live on site !!!😂
@@Adriana-eu6ty In what reality is that true? They literally pour money and effort into every project. The US hires like 400 people and calls it a day. If they are building one structure in China, they will hire 10,000 workers, use the latest technology and fastest building methods. You just have to make things up because you're a xenophobe. Modern China is nothing like that
I think it should be compared to the Elizabeth Line in London? I believe the Elizabeth Line was done a little faster and more on budget.
B1M’s coverage on NYC projects is always the best, even on this channel where quality is abundant!
This video was rather uncritical. This project is a shit show. Really no other word for it.
I grew up on Roosevelt Island. In the 80s, we used to sneak down to the construction site (100 feet below ground) and run through the new tunnels, or push the handcarts up to Manhattan and ride them back to RI. No trains, just a brand new subway tunnel.
Subway opened in 1988, just as I left for school. Lots of good memories.
Brings back memories… I met a long time Twitter friend down the road from Grand Central many years ago. Also took some great photos inside :)
Sounds a lot like a less complex version of Stuttgart 21 (minus the annoying residents) and even more delayed and more over budget.
In terms of budget overrun etc., yes. But at least East Side aceess will increase capacity a lot, while Stuttgart 21 will reduce the capacity.
@@nicolasblume1046 That‘s only the opinion of hardcore opponents. Most opponents just say the increases won‘t be as big as claimed. And one main purpose is of course a speed increase. Stuttgart to Ulm travel times are cut by almost 2/3 and it will allow speeds of 250kph. The NYC project is essentially a local rail project similar to a German S-Bahn.
In terms of actual project purpose and dimensions it is comparable to the new s-Bahn mainlines in Munich (also as deep underground) and Berlin.
The list in Germany is longer than that. The Cologne metro tunnel, the Berlin airport, the freight track from the Dutch border to the Ruhr area.
@@tobiwan001 it's not really about the theoretical capacity, the question is whether the planned frequency can reliably be upheld (knowing Germany, probably not). But the decrease in travel times really is nonsense, the station itself will save 5 minutes at best (the rest obviously from the high-speed line planned the other end, which is debatable for completely different reasons).
@@caekilian1444 I did not want to discuss the benefits or problems with S21, but I simply pointed out that - despite the criticism of S21 - New York apparently struggles even more with a much simpler project.
This was the best intro b1m has ever had
Woah! Thanks!
No it isn't not by a long shot.
New york intro
Very cool, I've always loved the history of Grand Central and never knew this was going on!!
1:28 is showing the 59th street bridge route, but the East Side Access to Grand Central Terminal follows the 63rd Street tunnel route four blocks to the right.
I can’t wait for the Hudson tunnel project. I might work on that one.
The video editing is greatly improving with each video i swear.
B1M. Simply amazing. So glad I somehow stumbled upon you. Keep the videos coming.
I'm a big fan of the new visuals at the beginning. Looks very professional, well done!
Good to see that Germany isn't alone in taking decades to finish rebuilding or expanding a central station
Actually it's Grand Central Terminal. The amount of infrastructure that we have above and below ground no wonder it's taken this long when that tunnel is complete then Grand Central will be a station until then it's a terminal.
California is in this club too
@@SicilianStealth that's the very same thing in case of Stuttgart Central in Germany. So far it's a large terminal station, and with the ongoing construction the entire ground-level station will be taken underneath, it's direction turned by 90° and it will become a through-going station
I imagine any project of that scale and logistics needs plenty of time to get right.
@@SicilianStealth btw the B1M made a video on the transformation of Stuttgart Central Terminal / soon to be Staion as well: ruclips.net/video/MvLpycG2P5Y/видео.html
6:14 “but in New York, those costs are even higher”
*shows a Chicago subway train*
Brilliant intro. The music effect at 00:10 - talk about attention to detail. The rest of the video didn't disappoint either! Keep it up.
Nice video and lovely last shot!
Thnkz for sharing ✌
The genisis of the plan and construction of this station will be viewed as an embarrassment over time. Metro North would not allow the LIRR to share the lower level of Grand Central so the LIRR had to build this way oversized 8 track terminal instead of sharing the even larger existing Grand Central Terminal. To make matters worse, Amtrak and NJT are still looking to build 8 new tracks to Penn Station instead of implementing through routing. New York and the USA's lack of focus has led to projects that cost too much and deliver too little and is why NYC metro traffic is awful.
These MTA executive are spending billions with thinking. Also there is only 3 set of escalators that can only get you out to the lower level of grand cent. There is no elevators to street level, wonder what they will do if there is an emergency.
The Metro-North and LIRR third rail and signalling systems are incompatible with each other.
@@NNNNNSSSS Those kinds of issues have been written about before - it is not a deal breaker. Check a recent report by Tri-State Transportation on through-running. The issues you raise about signaling and power can be worked out over time. In fact, the New Haven is overhead, while Grand Central, Park Avenue, and the Harlem line are under running third rail. The real reason the issues don't get worked out is nobody in charge has an incentive to make it work out.
What a spectacular work , simply fantastic to build a work of this size without interfering with the movement of the city - congratulations to everyone for this incredible project - I want to thank this channel for showing us what's going on in New York and nobody gets to see it.👏👏💯💯💢💢💜💜
another great video B1M !! congrats from Italy :-)
Props to the editor(s) on the video!! The editing and graphics are 📈📈📈
Thank you so much!! 🙌
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no
"How many 'below ground' puns can we put in an 8 minute video?"
"Yes."
Our reply is appearing BELOW your comment
What happen when minner dies?
He gets one week vacation and then again he go under ground.
We all know how great and unmatched your videos are in this genre, but let me just say how underrated your narrator voice is. Makes the videos even better.
yay the old outro is back!! so happy, the b1m is the best
6:15 - that's a shot of the L in Chicago. Trains in NYC very rarely run aboveground - to the point that Spider-Man 2 *also* used some Chicago trains to double NYC when the script called for an above-ground train - and you can see the CTA ("Chicago Transit Authority") logo on the side.
It's absolutely the L. The Well's Street bridge is pretty obvious as well.
Was coming here to say this but didn’t think I was the only one that noticed!
What are you talking about “rarely?” Almost all of NYC’s subway lines have an above ground elevated tracks portion. Just not in midtown Manhattan. You must not live or have ever been here.
@@hypernewlapse At 125 Street and Dyckman Street the 1 Train runs above ground on the trestle above Broadway in Manhattan. These are the only elevated sections in that borough.
According to the Wikipedia article on the NYC subway, 40% of the track is above ground.
you guys seem to be experimenting with new editing, looks nice!
Awesome!!! I love watching the progress on the active jct!!
Another great video! Thank you for creating.
New York City is truly the most amazing modern wonder of the world. There is nothing like it anywhere on the face of the Earth.
I'm looking forward to the LIRR East Side Access at Grand Central when it finally opens: it will save myself and others the bother of going to Penn Station and having to head over to Times Square on the the 1,2 or 3, then taking the Shuttle, or the 7 to Grand Central, just to connect to the East Side subway lines. Should help relieve the enormous congestion that we get over on the west side.
Now if we can only get the 2nd-Ave. Subway line completed down into Alphabet City to _finally_ replace the long-gone 2nd-Ave. Elevated line…
As someone who worked down there, I can’t wait til it’s finished!
I had no idea. Fascinating!!
0:20 Mind your step, there, fella!
The quality of the videos recently has been top notch, keep up the great work!
That is what you call job security for that man that has been there since day one. Thank You for another fantastic video!!
Thank you for this video.
I wish your videos were a bit longer. They are such good quality.
If your channel is still running in 200 years, you can do one about the Sunnyside Yards project next to the Harold Interlocking.
Where? What
@@hellolastname9556 he's probably talking about this New yard for LIRR trains in Queens
Great video. Keep up the good work!
These projects are getting more insane -thanks B1M for sharing these with us!
Amazing - great to see train infrastructure being invested in.
by the government at the rate of 1 million dollars per foot. This country is crumbling under the weight of its own corruption
Yay! A good 0.3% of the transit infrastructure we need completed
Great Channel & very interesting stories. Thank you.
Brilliant content as always, educational yet entertaining 👌
It's just amazing what we humans are capable of
Well Coumo won’t be there at the opening now
Good
@@ralphg1891 How is it good, he kept the project to stay on time for the opening date, December 2022
Wow this was so fascinating to watch omg ! So much innovation, technology and man power!! I wish I could be everything this world has to offer
Great job everybody involved!
Amazing content as always B1M! I'd love to learn more about what affects cost efficiency of infrastructure projects across different countries, if you'd make a video out of it. This station expansion alone costs as much as Laos' entire railway network project, twice over. What's with the stark contrast?
NYC is a very expensive city to build on, and union workers are not cheap either.
@@synesthesia101 And NYC has a horrible history of the mode of building or working on anything - lots of handouts to the 'right people' to get cooperation, mafia types in charge etc....a friend of ours who worked in a company there said everything has a hidden cost, because there is a system of graft behind everything. Maybe not so much nowadays, that was told me back in the 70's, so it would be nice to learn otherwise, but with people like trump & his cronies as the example of what the city breeds, why am I not surprised at the costs ?
I started working in NY 200 years back when we made houses at Rock Central, IM SO HAPPY WE DIDNT cancel the PROJECT. I never thought I would see it finished in my life time- then again, I may no