Polarisation Energy Paradox! (This seems to create light energy)
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- Опубликовано: 8 июл 2024
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Let's explore the famous polarisation energy paradox which seems to create light energy. Like most paradoxes in physics, this is only apparent. Once we account for the fact that light is a transverse wave and can be polarised, energies will be accounted for.
Chapters:
00:00 Polarisation paradox experiment
01:37 Demonstrating transverse and longitudinal waves
03:18 How to polarise transverse waves
05:19 Vector decomposition review
06:57 How waves get polarised
10:06 Brilliant is brilliant (ad)
11:16 Understanding polaroid filters (pass axis)
14:32 Polarisation of electromagnetic waves
16:47 Experiment that proves light is a transverse waves
18:45 Resolving the three polariser paradox
20:58 LCD is polarised
22:24 Light is a transverse wave!
This video was sponsored by Brilliant
To try everything Brilliant has to offer-free-for a full 30 days, visit brilliant.org/FloatHeadPhysics . You’ll also get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
You should try to make a video about wormholes like Veritasium.
Didn’t watch the video yet but my initial thought is that it re-directs the light. There’s 3 filters, not 2. The first filter is inside the phone.
Hey I subscribe for the free trial just to support you !
I'm following your journey since a couple month now, and your videos really changed my view on physics and my perspective on the world, I am a young engineer so I had to study physics at some point and along your postings I am now understanding concepts that I had forcibly ingested without a full comprehension of their origins/interactions.
You said "Stay tuned for more I think..." I hope everything is good for you, and if you just lack video ideas, with your new skills and video format you could remake your "What's inside a magnet?" and really finally answer your BIG QUESTION on what creates a magnetic field and how a permanent magnet create the same effect as a magnetic coil !
I'll stay tuned !
The Big Bang Theory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️
Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊
Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥
Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸
We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨
Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜
The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology, and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙
Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭
Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤
Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓
The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎
A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈⬛ 🧶
Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹
Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩
We’re each a mini universe!!🌌
The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠
The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞
Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️
I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂
The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶
It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽
We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us!! 🌧️
Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️
Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼
Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊
I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻
And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈⬛
To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻
The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰
Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩🏫
3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼
The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐
Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂
We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞♀️
It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫
Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋
Different energies tell a different story!! 📚
We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑🎨
We’re energy first!! 🐝
A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇
If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸
G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳
Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻🐾
Also, most 3D glasses do circular polarization (circular from the input side, linear at the output side), unless you got them from crappy IMAX 3D
Richard Feynman would approve of this explanation and your ability to make the non-intuitive easy to understand.
You really are a great teacher Mahesh!
I took a class from RPF, and I agree: Floathead is good.
The Big Bang Theory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️
Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊
Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥
Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸
We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨
Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜
The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology, and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙
Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭
Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤
Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓
The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎
A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈⬛ 🧶
Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹
Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩
We’re each a mini universe!!🌌
The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠
The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞
Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️
I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂
The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶
It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽
We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us!! 🌧️
Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️
Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼
Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊
I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻
And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈⬛
To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻
The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰
Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩🏫
3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼
The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐
Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂
We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞♀️
It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫
Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋
Different energies tell a different story!! 📚
We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑🎨
We’re energy first!! 🐝
A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇
If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸
G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳
Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻🐾
You know I began watching this video thinking - "ah, polarization. No new and innovative way of teaching this." But as always, Mahesh proves me wrong!
You are too kind :)
OMG HI PRANAV PLEASE COLLAB GUYS
Sir i am in 10 th class ICSE.I don't know why they have introduced terms like frequency and wavelength in light chapter and I don't even know the electromagnetic wave and how it works.Can a 10th class student understand this or is it the fault of the curriculum?
The Big Bang Theory!! 🐘 🐾 🥁
Each thought represents a bang❗️Higher vibrational thoughts 🐝🐝🐝 will create bigger bangs‼️
Pebbles And Bam Bam!! 🧊 🦕 🧊 🦖 🧊 🦣 🧊
Each grain of sand or pebble, a building block for planets or dark matter!! 🪨 Dark energy aka consciousness, creates the bang!! Supernovae!! 💥
Super Moons!! Flowery moons!! 🌹 Saturn a flowery moon!! Representing the 6th dimension!! More energy!!🪐 🛸
We control it!! 🧞 We’re stars!!✨
Hi, Hey, Hello!!🦜
The more G’s, the better!! They’ll reflect our minds, technology, and more!! G strings!! 👙 👙👙👙
Our brains look like gum!! 🧠 Juicier the better!!!🍏🍋🟩🫐🍍🍎🍌🍈🥥🍐🍉🍒🥝🍊🍇🍑🍋🍓🥭
Love everything until it loves you back!! Mosquitos too!!🦟 ❤
Each of us and each galaxy would represent a cell!! 🦠 We’re stars putting ourselves back together again!! Like Humpty Dumpty!! 🥚 🐓
The sky is blue because we’re meant to imagine it as a diamond!! The auroras then create the rest of the spectrum!! 🌈 💎
A purple sky would reflect the heart of the ocean!! An opened mind!! 🤯 The earth purring more!! Purrrrrple rain!!☔️ 🐈⬛ 🧶
Each thought to me is a solar flare, which shifts us into parallel worlds!! It’s hard here!!! I’m a peaceful dude, yet my life here has been super difficult!!🥹
Alpha Centauri represents a shift in consciousness!! Dog planet!! We’re riding the alpha waves!! Woof woof!!🐶 🐾 This is our world peace and enlightenment for the world and universe!! All is one!!😇🥳🥰🤩
We’re each a mini universe!!🌌
The 3 Body Problem represents our gut brain, 🍱 heart,❤️ and mind!! 🧠
The moon is a black hole!! 🕳️ A neutrino!! The planet is a colonized moon!!😇🌍👽 The sun is a shapeshifter!! 🌞
Are you and I sculpting together as a team or as individuals??? 🧑🎨 Using the moon as a tool!!! 🪨 The Sun is the eye!!👁️
I love the tool/word grinder!!!😮 We’d be Bumping and Grinding!!😂
The Earth is like a refrigerator and the atmospheric pressure is melting or defrosting the stars above, as if they’ve been in the freezer!! 🥶
It would also reflect us krystalyzing and becoming diamonds in the sky!! 💎 💎💎 Lucy becomes Maisie!! 🐒 👽
We could be stars from above aka heaven, melting everything from above, as well! Like a River Running Through It!!! 🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Gravitational waves or our thoughts raining down on us!! 🌧️
Unlocking a Secret Garden within and outside of us!!🤫 An Oasis!!!🏝️ 🏝️🏝️🏝️🏝️
Flowing!!! It helps a lot to flow!!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊 Letting go, so we can concentrate more and work on our project!! Heaven On Earth!!🌍 👼
Flowers!! 🌺 🌸 💐 and Flow-Ers!!🌊🌊🌊🌊🌊
I know energy is still impurrtant!! 😻
And of course imagination!!! Love!!!💗 🐶 🎾 🧶 🐈⬛
To create heaven On Earth, the galaxies collide!! 🌌 Twin flames connect!! 🔥 🔥 We’re creating quantum entanglement!! Ghost particles merging, becoming more like the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man!!👻👻👻👻👻👻👻👻
The universe is still the Earth!!⭐️🌍⭐️ We’re seeing it from the insides!! 🕵️ Like we’re inside a volcano 🌋 or wishing well!! The stars and galaxies are like coins!!🪙 The Goonies vibes!! 💀 We’re treasure!! Antarctica is treasure island!! 🐧🇦🇶 Unlocking antimatter!! 🐜 Booby and booty traps exposed!! Planet X!! Hubba Hubba!!🥰
Everything and everyone has been our teacher!!👩🏫
3D is like the murky bottom of a bong or volcano!!🌋 The fourth dimension, representing Mars is like the stem of the bong or the volcanos vent!! 👽 Experiencing higher dimensions is like the smoke or magma reaching our mouths 😋 and then circulating through our bodies!! We are the Earth!!🌍 👼
The road less traveled!!!🧳 🌹 Straight up!! 🎈 🎈🎈🎈🎈We’d be super condensed or extremely packed neutron stars!! Like Rigel!! Blueberries!! Antioxidants!! Betelgeuse has evolved into a neutron star!! 🍊🫐
Our long winding road, exploring different dimensions, finally straightening out!! I’m getting Pee Wee vibes!! Large Marge sent me!!🚴😂
We’re vaporized, as if we’ve been smoked or roasted!! 💨 The smoke representing again those compressed neutron stars climbing the higher dimensions of the universe like a chimney!! I’m Mary Poppins, y’all !! ☂️ 🧞♀️
It would also represent us as a comet traveling through a wormhole!! 💫
Who me, I’m just a worm!!🐛 🫖 Solving a labyrinth!! 🦉 Solving amaze!!! 🦋
Different energies tell a different story!! 📚
We’re storytellers!! Artists!!🧑🎨
We’re energy first!! 🐝
A 12 inch boner is like receiving a foot of snow!!⛄️ 😂 When powered by neutrons and a magnetar energy field, one is like the energizer bunny!!🐰 They’ll keep going and going and going!! 🐇 🐇🐇🐇🐇
If you’re destined to have more than one twin flame, you’re like Frogger, playing leap frog!! Lucy is a sucker for Lillies!! 🐸 🍀 🐸 🍀 🐸🍀🐸🍀🐸
G Force!!!🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳👙🥳
Purrthquakes instead of Earthquakes!! 😻🐾
@@curiousphysics23yes brother, you can understand it and preferably you should. It's going to be difficult at first but you'll enjoy learning it.
It's very similar to the sailing against the wind trick, except that it only turns the direction by 90 degrees using two projections by 45 degrees, not by 180 degrees using three projections by 60 degrees.
As for the sailing part: it works like this:
- Orient sail's normal vector 60 degrees against the wind. Thus, the force of the headwind gets projected to a mostly sideways wind (actually half the strength due to cos(60 deg) = 0.5 but in slightly back lots left (or right) direction).
- Orient ship 120 degrees against the wind, 60 degrees against the sail's normal vector. Due to water friction, ships can only really move in direction of their keel. Thus, the previous 60 degrees turned direction gets projected to the keel direction, and now is a quarter of the wind strength, but in a slightly _forward_ and lots left (or right) direction.
- Flip the orientation of the two vectors every few minutes. This basically cancels the sideways component, but instead projects the 120 degrees turned vector in keel direction to the opposite wind direction.
Ultimately you can thus use 1/8 = cos(60 deg)^3 of the wind's strength in its _opposite_ direction.
In case of the polarization filter trick, we just project twice at 45 degrees, so the remaining strength will be cos(45 deg)^2 = 1/2.
Wait... doesn't that mean we can also turn by 180 degrees at cos(45 deg)^4 = 1/4 strength? The sailing trick had 1/8... so we could sail against the wind better if we could add a fourth projection step?
Yes... and indeed, when you look at the function cos(pi / n)^n, for n towards infinity this will tend towards 1.
Thus - if we had infinitely many perfect polarization filters, we could stack them and turn polarization around without losing any light!
What a cool connection to this idea!
That sounds right, but no one really knows what would happen, if you had infinitely many perfect polarization filters, because you can’t have an infinite amount of them. If you could, and you did that, it might turn the light into beer, or it might cause an explosion that blows up the moon. No one really knows what would happen.
@@chriswebster24 More realistically though, something like this already exists: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid-crystal_display - "In a twisted nematic (TN) device, the surface alignment directions at the two electrodes are perpendicular to each other, and so the molecules arrange themselves in a helical structure, or twist.". So a powered-off TN LCD basically behaves like _many_ polarization filters in sequence, each twisted a bit versus the previous one, until a 90 degrees turn is achieved. By applying a voltage, one basically turns that twist off.
That's not infinite but "just" thousands to millions of layers, but already gets very close to losing no energy (presuming the incoming light is already polarized correctly).
I am in high school and I literally have a test for light's dual nature, and I am watching this video the day before the test and it has helped me so much to get a better understanding of the polarisation and its theory. Thanks !
Historical footnote, Newton thought that light was compossed of massless 'corpussles' but then Hygens proposed a wave theory, but he proposed light was longitudinal, probably because that was simpler and familiar to him. But people then took naturally occouring minerals called Icelandic Spar which allowed polarization to be observed and discovered, but longitudinal waves can't polarize, but a partical COULD be spinning like a rifle bullet either clockwise or counterclockwise so this was seen to be a confirmation of Newtons corpuscular theory which remained the prefered theory for several more decades.
It was not until Frenel (the lens guy) adapted Hygens theory to be a transverse wave that the theory would become viable and be dramatically proven in one of the most decisive experiments ever conducted. That of observing a point of light at the center of the shadow cast by a perfectly round disk, a prediction actually made by the oponents of the theory to expose the 'ridiculusness' of the wave theory, under a wave theory it is formed from the converging waves that just barrely pass the edges of the disk and is a very simple and straitforward prediction of the theory, but it depends on a VERY smooth and round disk, more precise then would typically be made be within the technological capability of the day. Low and behold when one of the oponents though it would be prudent to actually DO the experiment he observed exactly the spot of light now, which is now called 'Arago's spot' after him. This result was so shocking that it completly toppled the old Newtonian theory and established light to be a wave beyond any doubt. The experiment both proposed and conducted by Frenel's opponents proved him right.
What this demonstrates is that it is the polarized material that is reradiating the EM wave. We tend to think that light "bounces" but actually it always gets absorbed by a material, but the material either converts the light to heat, and/or re-emits it. Your mirror re-emits the light that hits it! Pretty cool perspective when you think about it.
You didn't explain why this effect only shows in quantum systems and not in classical physics. If done with a rope and vents, you can't get this result - the wave only attenuates. It only works if the wave is made of quantized units, which (in my opinion) was actually the point of the demonstration - how it proves light is quantized and that the photons are actually repolarizing in a new axis as they leave the filter, without loss of energy as would be expected in classical physics. Maybe I'm being too harsh, but I would consider re-releasing it with a segment added.
I don’t think you need anything quantum here. Works with classical systems. It would work with the rope waves. (Attenuation always happens, we just ignore them by considering idealistic situations, I.e. no energy loss, perfect filters, elastic collisions, etc.)
@@Mahesh_Shenoyyou made a logical error I think. If a wave only has horizontal component how would a diagonal filter let the vertical component pass through when that vertical component is non-existent? That middle layer is doing something more than filtering. It must be converting some horizontal component to vertical. Twisting maybe? Think about it.
@@namthainam maybe you need to think about it. I recommend drawing 2 perpendicular lines and 2 diagonals, and start with a horizontal line, after that take its parallel component to the diagonal line, again you can notice you still can take the diagonal component's parallel component on the vertical line, and the thing is you can infinitely do this as this forms some kind of converging series x, x/√2 , x/ (√2)²....
@@Mahesh_ShenoyTake the experiment to the N-th degree: 25 successive filters, each rotated 45 degrees from the last. Send in a single photon at a time. Most of the time nothing comes out the other end, but when it does that photon still has the same energy as when it went in. The result cannot be explained without quantum mechanics.
Right! The real paradox has been left on the table. If Mahesh needs to explain something, maybe he could try his experiment with one photon at a time, and explain how a single photon ever gets thru the fence?
It helped me when I realized that it is possible to use two opposite circular polarizations to compose a linear polarization. And vice versa. Two linear polarizations can compose a circular polarization, and two opposite circular polarizations can add up to a linear polarization.
So if you look at it that way, you can see that the linear polarized light that comes out of the polarizer is going to be sum of two circular polarizations, also, but each of them will be rotated by the angle of the polarizer.
I think it might actually be more accurate to say that the polarizer is reflecting the light that is parallel to the lines of the polarizer, than to say it is absorbing it. Because a charge that is free to move in a straight line like an antenna reflects. And when you wear polarized sunglasses and look at a car window with polarized tint, and the window reflects the sun, you can clearly see the lines of the polarized tint in the reflected light. So both the reflected light and the passed light is polarized, in orthogonal directions, meaning fairly little should be absorbed by the polarizer.
I understood this before watching . But. I have Never heard a more effective and clear explanation of this type of wave phenomena before. Someone who had no idea about this would have a very clear, accurate understanding, based on this description.
Bravo!
what about the order of operation? You do vertical followed by horizontal you should have not light, but then you run that thru a diagonal and you get a lot light, that is not explained.
Your t-shirt choice is great
Agree with me??
I didn't get the d3x/dy3 one.
Thus far I have loved every t shirt he's been wearing in every video I've seen. Always a dad joke that only a physics initiate would get 😅
one minute gang stand up
edit: pause
😎
Holy crap.. i was watching multiple videos about Bell’s inequalities where this exact setup (3 polarized filters) was used as one of examples of this concept and i never really understood it… You made it just beatifully clear !! Thanks ….
I mean, bell's theorem requieres you to know the math of a wave function and it's collapse. It is not something you can really really GET from watching videos if you lack the math foundation.
But yeah, this video is pretty cool
Just saying this so that you dont feel discouraged if you fail to grasp some QM or QFT concepts. The math is more important there than in any other parts of physics. Math tells us what things ARE (And as such the existence of intrinsic variables like spin) and we just do our best in trying to explain it
Are you so sure. He didn't even use a photometer to quantify it.
Your videos are always amazing dude. Haven’t even seen it yet but know it’s gonna explain quantum physics in 5 seconds easily
Thank you. This video is not quantum, though!
Another great explainer, Mahesh. You've got a real talent for these. I'm glad to see you covering more than Relativity (but, please, don't stop doing that, either). Keep up the great work.
That is correct. It is not particulate and does not have particle properties. If anyone disagrees, they can name a property that is exclusive to particles and not waves that light has. No one has been able to name a single particle non-wave property yet.
How to cause confusion: Show examples using linear polarisation, then use circularly polarising filters in the experiment. I used to flip the filters in calculators upside down in baby school to get a white on black display on the lcd; this would only work if they were circularly polarised - if they were linear polarised, then flipping them over would have had no effect.
Even stranger I always thought was, as Newton observed, that the spacing of two transparent plates can apparently change the reflection or absorption of light in the first plate depending on their spacing. Feynman's "easy" lecture "Photons-Corpuscles of Light" outlined this beautifully as a quantum effect. I think it would be a wonderful and mystifying demo if you could recreate it? It's so weird, it has bothered me for many years...
I’m disappointed you didn’t continue to use your hips for the back and forth wave 😜 😂
This is the first time I have completely understood your entire video and finished with complimentary knowledge to what I already knew. Dollar store started selling polarized sunglasses but those have always been expensive and I doubted that you could buy them for a couple bucks. Took 2 of the glasses and just like in this video put them both up and turned them to see the light disappear. Yes they were polarized. Awesome video. I knew a few things about polarization but this really informed me why exactly it was working.
Dude, your explanations are the pure juice of good teaching
it is a quantum phenomenon linked to polarized filters which are paradoxically capable of activating light even when it is dark. Or there is also an increase in brightness using Fresnel lenses, but it is another physical phenomenon
Really mind blowing Mahesh. Could you please make videos on how to teach. It seems very smooth while watching but I know there are hours of effort to explain certain topics.
I seem to recall seeing elsewhere that bells inequality means the third filter not only let light pass through but the intensity of the light is higher than what you would expect base on the trigonometry theory you explained in this video
Intensity is proportional to square of the height! I think that’s what you are talking about! It’s analogous to how the probability is proportional to square of the psi!
@@Mahesh_Shenoy I believe there is a quantum mechanics element to this and that is what @mykiBoy is referring to. There is a video by minutephysics (made with 3blue1brown) titled "Bell's Theorem: The Quantum Venn Diagram Paradox"
I also understand it so, that with quantum rules, the quantities for a given angle of filter mismatch are different from the "classical" explanation.
Oh, you mean this MinutePhysics video on Bell's Inequality: ruclips.net/video/zcqZHYo7ONs/видео.html
@@markotrieste I got it. But there is no mismatch. You get the same result for intensity. When you think of intensity as the amplitude square of an EM wave, it looks fine. But when you look at the same result as no. of photons, that’s when things get more interesting. But in either case, the intensity value stays the same. Classical result holds.
Your demonstrations are always fun and then they become amazing upon understanding them.
In a World filled with Science Misinformation
and Pseudoscience, your Videos are always
Appreciated. Thank You. 🙂🙏
That picture wasn't even cringe, just a big infectious smile!
1:45 when you start waving, and then cloning yourself LoL 😂
4:20 A few queries:
Where did the EM string come from❔
Is it really a string or something else❔🤔
6:00 Hmmm... Traverse force❔😕
18:31 “No light gets through” - ⚪❔🤷
Is not clear , you put a 3rd filter but you say is inbetween 2nd filter that you didnt touch, not perpendicular anymore??
Yes, I didn't get that either. It lookedike the third polariser was placed /after/ the other two.
@@quantisedspace7047 There's a third one stuck to the camera. That's honestly the source of most of the "mystery", as it's much more immediately obvious what's happening if the demo adds a third polarizer between two (explicitly shown) polarizers.
if 1 filter on camera its must be 4 filter, the order first tell not same on end explanation, first filter on end but explanation filter on middle, this doesn't explain paradox cuz no paradox here ,this just explain the basic what's is light
Hold on, several questions:
1. Does a polarizer turn/manipulate lightwaves into the same direction or does a polarizer just refuse lightwaves which aren't of a certain direction?
2. Does a lightwave have a x and a y components which are separate? Like the polarizer only accepting either the x or y axis.
3. Did your experiment mean that more photons arrive at your cameras sensor when you placed the filter in-between those other 2 filters?
1. These are "Polaroid" type polarizers, which is iodine mixed with plastic. The plastic is then stretched, which causes the polymers to stretch out into long thin parallel lines... with electrically conductive iodine also stretched out into long thin lines... like microscopic wires.
If the electric potential component of light hits the iodine "wire", the potential energy gets absorbed by creating a small electric current in the iodine. (It gets "filtered") If the electric potential of the light just so happens to completely miss the iodine wires... it is not absorbed (filtered).
This was illustrated in the video.
2. The filter has an electric component... which is alligned all in a particular _x_ or _y_ direction. (If you like using Cartesian coordinates).
Regular incandescent "black body" light is a random distribution of wavelengths and polaraization angles. It's like "white noise" but in the electromagnetic field.
The polarizer is absorbing the light when the electric part of the EM field can shove some electrons around... but because the polarizer can only let electrons get shoved back and forth in a single line, the remaining EM field that passes through won't have any potential energy for shoving any more electrons around in that same direction later... This is of corse assuming that the light is in air or a vacuum. (Many birefringent materials will rotate the polarity.)
Certain light sources, like a cyclotron, will emit light at a single wavelength and oriented in a single polarization angle. Diode lasers can output a single wavelength of light, but it's not polarized.
3. Yes. It's so-called "quantum weirdness" because you don't expect that to happen with the simple classical model of transverse waves "passing through" a potential energy barrier. When you crunch the numbers, quantum mechanics predicts about 15% more light than classical mechanics predicts to be seen after the third filter... which is indeed exactly what you measure when you do this experiment in real life.
Rather than explain the whole thing here, lookup "Bell's Inequality". There are some good videos right here on RUclips about it. (Also, Wikipedia has some good stuff too.)
Any vector can be represented by two orthogonal sub-vectors so the polariser will always have a sub vector it can play with.
Just the thing I needed for class and a bit extra
Thanks
Thank you Mahesh Sir for such a brilliant explanation
Hi, thank you for a very interesting and illuminating video.
I believe the explanation you gave to the effect of the middle polarizer is incomplete.
I also believe Feynman's explanation of polarizers might be a bit wrong.
The explanation you gave for the effect of the middle polarizer is based on the claim the light exiting the middle polarizer is 45deg polarized and thus has a vertical electric field component that passes through the second polarizer. However, it does not explain how can a polarizer convert polarized light with only a horizontal electric field component, to light that has a vertical electric field component.
If we use Feynman's explanation as you have presented it, when the horizontally polarized light coming out of the first polarizer reaches the middle polarizer, half the light should excite the electrons, and get absorbed, and another half should pass uninterrupted.
But if it passes uninterrupted, it should remain horizontally polarized and not become 45deg polarized.
I believe the solution can be found if we reverse the roles of the electrons on the polarizer. Those who can get excited along the polarizer molecules are the ones that "allow", the light to pass. They do not really allow it to pass. They generate new light, as they oscillate at the same frequency of the light hitting them.
The ones that cannot oscillate, cannot produce new light (I'm not sure what happens to the vertical light trying to excite them)
If we take this approach, then it is clear how the polarizer converts polarized light, which has only a horizontal component of the electric field, to light that has also a vertical component to its electric field.
The electrons in the middle polarizer that can move along the axis of 45deg are being oscillated by the light from the first polarizer.
In turn, they produce new light with an electric field component polarized at 45deg.
When this light reaches the last polarizer, it also causes its electrons to oscillate. new light is created, now vertically polarized, and reaches the camera.
If you place a fourth filter between the bottom two filters, at an angle between the angles of the two filters, you will get _even more light_ pass through!
And if you place a fifth filter between two other filters here, at an angle between those two filters... _you get even more light passing through_ !
And a sixth filter... and so on. Ignoring losses from just having a thick block of plastic, as you add more and more filters at smaller and smaller differences in angle, you will eventually get the same amount of light passing as only looking through one single filter.
Seriously light is amazing thing which shows amazing effects
I loved the explanation.
You made a recent community post on youtube where you said that force causing acceleration could be a misconception. I have thought about this for some time and came up with a slightly different interpretation of cause and effect, one that is more intuitive atleast for me. Let's say that the roads are wet in the morning. One possible explanation: It rained last night. Or something else might have caused the road to be wet. We don't know. So to find which is the cause and which is the effect we have to ask a specific type of question called a counterfactual. If it hadn't rained yesterday would the road still be wet? If the answer is yes then rain is not the cause. If it is no then rain is the cause. Of course cause preceded effect but that is not the reason why it is a cause. Just because something precedes something else doesn't mean it causes the other thing obviously. One sidenote: This how superstitions come about. Somebody sees a black cat crossing his path and that very day some bad luck comes to him. Still it wouldn't be reasonable of him to conclude that the cat crossing his path was the cause of his bad luck. The question he should ask himself is, "if the black cat hadn't crossed my path would bad luck still have arrived?". Obviously it will if it should. Now consider the case of the ball and your hand. If you hadn't placed your hand in the path of the ball would the ball still have decelerated. No. Therefore force causes acceleration.
Sir, can you make a video to expain what enthalpy is. I never understood it, just cram the formula H= U + PV. What is physical interpretation?
Mahesh sir please explain what causes light actually to bend when it passes from one medium to another medium
I have seen a lot of different explanations but can you make a video on the actual cause
Please 🙏🥺
could you please bring one video on the entropy of universe and everyting about it , so much eager to know about this in depth
Why didn't I known about this channel any earlier?! Great job!
I swear to god, I LEGIT LOVE THE WAY MAHESH EXPLAINS THINGS! Omg
I'm not, I think his pisses around too much blah blah he just doesn't stop, and I start pulling my hair out and chewing my nails till they bleed aaarrhhh
2:00
This segment releases a next level of dopamine😂
Hey sir ,I have a doubt fron concave mirror image formation.
can you please tell me how the image is formed on the mirror if the light rays that are reflectee actually meet at some point that is screen
Light converges to a focal point yes. But, the light hitting the actual mirror surface is not originally at that focal point. It is simply hitting the mirror at all angles. Because it enters at all angles it also bounces off at various angles as well. The image as you call it is the original light source bounced off something at random angles and hits the mirror. A good portion of those gets reflected back toward a focal point. The image is not in the mirror it's in front of it. Multiple rays hit the mirror at random angles this is the first part. They don't start at a focal point, they end at a focal point. I hope that helps.
I have a playlist for educational videos so I could watch them later and separate them from junk until now there has been no video which has not entered into that playlist from this channel
Can you make a video on why does Light follows law of Reflection ? ❤❤❤😊
if first filter already removing all vertical part of the light, how the middle filter could reintroduce the vertical part of it?
your video create more confusion than the answer
Fantastic explanation
7:46 SWEET!!
So Far, So Good!.. lololol
BUT;
My brain skipped the explanation part, where you showed the rolling compactor...
I just figured that, if a diagonal vector has a vertical and a horizontal component, then a pair of vertical and horizontal components should also have their respective associated diagonal component... at least on a line, where: If X, then Y applies...
Or am I just getting the answer right, but for the wrong reasons? It's been known to happen, so...
🤓
14:00. AHH!! So...
I wasn't Completely off track, or...What..? I was busy hunting and pecking...lol
I should probably go back and use my own original timestamp...
🤣
So adding the third filter allows some light to pass through, but less light than if there's only 2 filters at 45 degree angle? Since each polarizer absorbs the "wrong" component.
Thank you again!
21:59 ...and so the device emitted a vertically polarized wave, you filter it, and then younsee the image, but only with horizontally polarized waves..?
🤣
Gotta love the Physics!
Great video! Great explanation, Feynman would be proud.
Very good, thanks
So, I first encountered this in school back in 1994, except we had to calculate the probability amplitudes. Your video makes sense, but the effect is made much clearer if you stress that you must normalize the square of the amplitude to calculate the intensity, as in all-or-nothing. Your partial vector thing is more of a quaint pre-quantum physics way of explaining this.
So the wave directly affects the particles in the polarized filter. I think this has a deeper meaning to it. Wave/particle duality.
I feel like there still seems to be an apparent paradox here, although it's perhaps a paradox of vectors in general, rather than just light.
Let's say that the polarisation of the light coming through the first filter (nearest the torch) is "horizontal" (just to give its plane a name). Then the filter nearest the camera is polarised in the "vertical" plane. Light which is horizontally polarised has ZERO component in the vertical plane. And yet by introducing a third filter in between at (let's say) 45 degrees, we've managed to extract(?) rotate(?) translate(?) a vertical component out of the horizontally polarised light. The intuitive question is: where did this vertical component "come from"?
Mathematically it makes sense. The component (i.e. the percentage) of a vector in some given direction is given by the cosine of the angle between the vector and the chosen direction. The angle between the vertical and the horizontal is 90 degrees, and cos(90°) is 0, hence zero light when there are only two filters. When we introduce the third filter in the middle at 45°, the percentage of light that comes through that filter is given by cos(45°), which is 0.707 (or 1/√2 to be precise), i.e. 70.7%. Then the last filter is at 45° to the middle one, so the percentage coming through that is 70.7% of what came through the middle one. So the amount of light coming through the final filter, as a percentage of the amount that came through the first filter, is 0.707 x 0.707, which is exactly 0.5, i.e. 50%.
Put concisely: the amount of light coming through the final filter is cos²(45°) of the amount that came through the first filter. Mathematically, it checks out.
But intuitively, how or where did we extract a vertical component from something which was entirely on a horizontal plane and appeared to not have any vertical component? It feels like we've "transferred" something through an angle. But have we?
It makes more sense when you set your frame such that the in-between/ current filter is the horizontally slotted window. As a result, the polarized wave from the initial filter is actually oriented at some angle, THETA, relative to our current filter. Taking this view, we now know there is some horizontal component which can go through our frame's filter and some vertical component which cannot. After passing through our frames filter, it is oriented along the horizontal axis of our frame, which is at some angle 90-THETA relative to the initial frame. Because the final frame is 90 degrees offset from the initial frame, we can say the outcoming orientation is 90-THETA-90 = THETA degrees relative to the final frame. Because the output involves this new angle, THETA, some of the amplitude or components of the wave will be in the direction of the final filter, allowing some light to get through.
If you were to remove the center filter, the perfectly vertical light would never be split into components offset at some angle from the vertical, and as a result would have a 0 component in every other direction (including horizontal), meaning it would not pass the orthogonal final filter.
@@xinfinity4756 I get what you're saying - essentially that if you look at it from the perspective of the middle filter, you have an angular component in common with both the filters above and below you. But to me that still doesn't quite resolve the apparent paradox of how we've created a component that seemingly didn't exist in the original light source.
It feels to me as if what's really happening is that some of the photons are being twisted (to align with the filter), and some are being blocked. And that for any given photon, the probability of it being twisted (and therefore allowed through the filter) is given by cos(θ). This would explain how we've managed to "rotate" some of the waves' energy, and also why we lose some of the light. (Although perhaps that's a bad explanation, because it's relying on a quantized description of light, whereas I think this effect is general - it's just a behaviour of vectors in general.)
Whether a wave or a vector force or whatever, I struggle to see how it can be satisfyingly explained without there being some kind of rotational effect at play.
@@AdamAlton its not as if the component is a required property of the light, but is instead just an arbitrary spatial alignment of the peaks. By acting on the molecules of a filter, components aligning with it are "used up", and thus the complement components "appear", though in reality that component was always possible. I think youre attaching the orientation too strongly to the photon, when doing so is kind of like attaching an orientation to an apple and saying that turning it creates an apple with a new orientation from nothing.
You could look at it through the probability of the photon being aligned, but the twisting motion that you claim is probabilistically explained also fits with the filter analogy, which I think also makes more intuitive sense. The lose of amplitude in the twisting, or the non less than 100 % of photons that get through both explain the dimming, though your analogy seems to break down where you are spotting the paradox.
We didn't extract a vertical component..We extracted a 45 degree component. Then we extracted a vertical component from that.
The point is that these polarisers twist light into their favoured direction, but can not twist anything through an exact multiple of 90 degrees. The point is that the two filters are separate and the light is able to twist twice during its passage.
@@AdamAltonWell, yes, rotation is what's happening.
Gonna guess from the start of the vid that the lenses are polarizing the light through. Try twisting the lens and see if it changes.
That was fun! Thanks. Great explanation.
Good video.
Great topic.
In Stern-Gerlach experiment, the first magnet (say Y axis oriented) making the spin superposition collapses (say in Y orientation), but if we pass the electron out of the Y magnet into 2nd set of magnet oriented in X axis, the electron would present spin in X orientation
If we consider the 1st polarizer as the Y magnet, the superposition of electric field wave collapses into "horizontal" oscillation, then when the polarized light passes through 2nd (vertical) polarizer, it should also behave like "polarized as vertical oscillation"?
Don't know why not
You need to do _three_ consecutive Stern-Gerlach experiments in a row. (Which has actually been done.)
Let me try to clarify my question: whether "polarizing" is the decoherence of electric field oscillation (I don't know if this is the right expression, hope you got my point), meaning "originally the electrical field oscillation is the superposition of oscillation in all orientation, passing one polarizer film making the corresponding electric field oscillation reveals"
If this expression is correct, then passing 2nd polarizer film with orthogonal orientation will reveal the vertical oscillation
Wonderful video!
If 100% of the light is vertical, does the middle filter BEND the angle of some of the light?
Now what if we put many filters slightly rotated each... Wait, it's sugar water
Clever opening hook:) good job 👍
.
Can you make a video on why does light follows law of reflection
In all the real world scenarios, the oriented filter is placed after the two perfectly orthogonal filters, which seems to fail with the explanation given. The reason it seems to fail is because all light would be canceled before reaching the oriented filter, while in the explanations the orientation on the center filter allows a rotation of the travel for the wave. How is this resolved?
the last filter (second or third) is on the receiving camera. I was puzzled too at the beginning.
@@markotrieste That would make a lot more sense, but I thought he had placed a filter directly on the phone, then stacked a second one, and then held a third. Could you provide a timestamp to the point at which you believe he places it on the camera, or where you made that realization?
@@xinfinity4756 1:15 there is no other reason why a LCD display would appear black. You only see one lens, the light comes already polarized from the screen, there has to be a third filter. Since it is not visible, the only explanaiton possible is that it is put in front of the recording camera. I don't understand why Mahesh didn't point that out explicitly.
@@markotrieste suppose that makes sense. Im also not sure why that wasn't clarified
@@xinfinity4756it's very clearly explained 17:00
Hello, could you do a video about understanding intuitively Heisenberg's uncertainty principle ? Thank you and have a nice day!
Love your videos 🎉
Make video on dimensions which are exist in universe
This is the explanation🎉
Will you explain wave particle duality now?
Can you please make a video on whats really happening in refraction of light?...
Please make a video on other polarizing devices ❤
Knew there was some camera trickery going on there..
Technically if there where longitudinal wave propagation within the transverse waves they would pass through the filter with the polarized wave undetected.
I don’t think this experiment denies longitudinal light exists, only that it can be transverse. If there is any part of light or prelight that is longitudinal we wouldn’t be able to see it, and different detection equipment would have to be used to independently detect elector static (dielectric) fields and magnetic fields.
Even more taboo is if a situation of the dielectric field and magnetic field lines first travel longitudinal without having joined at 90deg into a electromagnetic field and only after does the transverse wave propagate as a conjoined electromagnetic field creating a photon at their crossing points. Like a shock wave event.
Then it would be welcome back the aether or more recently the higgs field.
Edit: The light source would need to be changes as well. Something with more energy and frequency. Like nuclear fusion emissions.
Hi mahesh. What about photons? Photon can or cannot be adsorbed in interaction. Increase of light by putting an intermediate polarizer filter is incompatible with quantum nature of light OR with the interpretation of light as something that travels in time)
I had no idea this was a phenomenon!! Feels like this should be a well known example of quantum f-ery in physics because instinctively it makes absolutely no sense
it's entirely classical, but ofc admits a quantum explanation. But quantum is not necessary. One reason it looks quantum (and Meshes points this out in an reply), is that the EM wave deals with an amplitude (a la psi) that then gets squared to be an intensity (a la probability).
This MinutePhysics video on Bell's Inequality goes into more detail: ruclips.net/video/zcqZHYo7ONs/видео.html
I like your waving
@floatheadphysics do you realize that you are using circular polarizers with linear polarizers? 3d glasses are like that. I think you made a mistake in this video. A correction is needed.
Yes his diagrams don't reflect his experiment. He didn't put the lens in between with his experiment
You made the video, you're so awesome man. I love the polarization experiment. Who knew you could experience quantum tunneling in your own living room 😅
Can you build this on top of a solar panel chip?
Hey so im not sure if this can be made into a video, but its about why do spinning masses drag spacetime, and intuitively if possible. Love your videos
You kinda first need an intuition about Special Relativity in one dimension of space, and one of time... and then an intuitive understanding of 3D objects in 3D space, with 1D of time... but... you see that the way I phased this in English, makes it sound like the "time" coordinate is _something else_ separate from the "space" coordinates... _it is _*_not_* ! Time *IS* space. Litterally... you need to intuitively understand that what you see _right now_ and everything that effects you _right now_ is that 45° line that everyone draws on 1D+1D Minkowski spacetime diagrams, with you at the origin. (In 3D the concentric spheres of constant radius, with your eyes at the center, are the 3D slices of a 4D light cone in the full Minkowski spacetime.)
You've probably heard that part before, but it gets badly explained in popular explanation videos about Special Relativity which don't use mathematics (or have you actually do the calculations yourself like in a real physics class.) Because... the explanations always used in pop-sci _only_ describe a 0D point in a 1D space manifold (a line). A 1D object doesn't look like how you would expect if you _only_ hear these pop-sci explanations. (Let alone a 2D or 3D rigid object.)
Length contraction _doesn't_ make things "look shorter" when you actually _look at them_ with your eyes, or realistically a camera (cause they're fast.) 3D Objects will appear to be stretched out longer in the radial direction away from your eyes/camera... because the length contraction is time dilation... it gets "longer in time"... and _time is space_ ... the distance in _space_ radially away from your eyes/camera... the radius of your "light cone". Got that?
The two ends of a meter stick are located "1.00 meter" apart in space AND "3.34 nanoseconds" apart in time.
Every location in space is also a location in time. Nothing is actually "at the same time" unless it is "at the same place".
You need to intuitively understand that when you hold a meter stick out in front of you, what appears to be a straight horizontal line is actually a 45° line on a Minkowski diagram. The ends of that stick _are not at the same time_
blah blah... anyways, lookup Terrel Rotation to get a better intuition about this.
Once you get the hang of Special Relativity... General Relativity is curving those 45° lines.
Oh yeah, you should also have an intuitive understanding that "velocity" is rotation in Minkowski spacetime... and this is how Minkowski kinda stumbled on this model from his work on complex algebras. Velocity is a function with four linearly independent variables, you know, and two of the space-like coordinates just hang out an don't get involved, and the third space-like coordinate and the time coordinate form the basis vectors of a complex plane. I don't know how intuitively you are familiar with complex (and imaginary) numbers... but you should be. _Complex Numbers are rotations_ .
If you draw a right triangle with "real numbers", one side _+1_ units, and the other side _+1_ units in length. The hypotonouse will be the square root of two in length.
If you draw a right triangle with one side _+1_ units in length, and the other side _+i_ units in length. The hypotonouse will be *_zero_* units in length. Because it doesn't go anywhere, it's a rotation angle. _+i_ is a 90° rotation just like how _-1_ flips you over in a line as a 180° rotation.
Anyway, this cool math trick lets you handle treating time as space, and accounting for every point in space also being a (different unique) point in time.
Ok, got that part?
Sooner or later, you must intuitively understand inertia if you don't already. That includes how to derive E=mc² from the confinement of light. Furthermore... you need to intuitively understand that there are in fact no vertical lines on a 1D+1D Minkowski diagram... those "vertical lines" of constant location in space going straight up "in time" are actually microscopic 45° zig-zags... because every atom is a microscopic light clock (half an interferometer). Actually, you should also understand that a Michelson interferometer is two light clocks at 90° ( _i_ ) so one leg is measuring time while the other leg is measuring space.
Atoms can't go "faster than light" because they _already are_ going the speed of light.
Relative velocities are just tipping these 45° zig-zags over so that the "time leg" or the "space leg" get longer and shorter, making the "vertical" line in time go diagonal on the diagram.
Ok, I'm still taking about Special Relativity... and this is getting long... ok, you should also know classical electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations, etc.) and the Lorentz force, and the relationship between electricity and magnetism... because this is _actually_ what Einstein was working on!
Ok... then... you should have an intuitive understanding of Rindler Coordinates and Born Rigid Body Motion... and the Sagnac Effect ... and the Kennedy-Thorndike and Ives-Stilwell experiments... and relativistic Doppler effect... ok.. um, I think there was something else I just forgot to mention... oh yeah, the abaration of light. These are related, and if you already have an intuitive understanding of the mechanics stuff above, this stuff should be quick and easy to grasp. (It follows logically.)
Ok... now you're ready for General Relativity... ok, you know how the tides (like in the ocean) work?
This comment is getting too long, ask me if you want me to continue.
Amazing
Hold on, I have a question. If light is quantised, how can light that's "oriented" at 45% have a vertical and horizontal component? I get that analogy but he showed a smaller string passing through the slit in the horizontal orientation. That can't be what happens because all photons have to have the same energy right? So the 45% wave incoming has to be a full-length wave after passing through the polariser right? Idk if I've worded my question correctly but I hope someone can help me.
Isn't it weird that energy would care at all about what route it would take.
I have one qn unrelated to this vdo..
Can we say light is beyond space and time but just appear to travel in space and time?
Bcz no frame of refrence can keep it stationary, light is more fundamental than concept of space and 'Stationary'
Light is _so_ fundamental to "space" and "time" that it _is_ litterally how "space" and "time" _itself_ are defined. They do not exist independently. (It all comes down to inerta.)
Hey! When a vertical wave let to pass through a horizontal window, the window must be act like a rigid boundary which bounces the wave back. Will it really?
It depends on the impedance of the conductor... but yes. There's also a non-radiating 'near field'... also... the transparent polymers in the plastic are probably slightly birefringent... there's a lot of electromagnetic interactions happening in the filter materials and a lot of vector calculus involved in the full analysis of this system. This video presented the tremendously simplified explanation... which is... like most popular explanation of physics stuff, not entirely wrong, but not entirely correct.
Also, these were circular polarizers used in this video, not linear polaraizers.
Perfect explanations. It lighten my senses.
I KNEW that it takes 3 filters, and was wondering how you were doing it with two.
Hi Mahesh,
I love your videos and how you walk students through the logic step by step.
Question: in the final step of the logic when looking at the 45 degree filter, I am struggling to understand why the horizontally plane polarized light waves change the way they do when going through the 45 degree filter. Is it because the former change when interacting with the latter, and the latter "gives" the former some vertical component?
Not sure who is giving what to whom.
Thank you! Yes, yes exactly!
what happens when you shine 2 circularly polarized light together?. CW and CCW
Liked and commented purely for your seemless transition to the sponsor... it was Brilliant. Ha
Nice!
Is it possible that in future, that we could completely polarize sunlight in summer seasons to get rid of high temperature and heat?
Use barium sulfate paint
Sunlight *_IS_* polarized in the northern part of the sky (in the Northern hemisphere). Birds and bees and Vikings can use it to always know which direction is north. I had a custom pair of sunglasses made several years ago with the left and right eye polarizers rotated 90° to each other. Everything that was reflecting or emitting polarized light became immediately obvious to me. Including the northern part of the sky being noticeably polarized.
This won't reduce the flux of sunlight because of the polarization itself, it will because the filter itself will absorb 50% of the light into itself. The passed light will be 50% as bright, and Insects and birds will be very confused... Also the filter will be as hot as the Earth.
@@juliavixen176 If the filter can transfer its heat to the ground, then it should work?
@CricketWithPranav314 Well... yes if you want to make the ground exactly as hot as it is currently _without_ removing half of the light with a giant polarizer... but I thought that you were asking if it was possible to make the Earth cooler than it currently is.
Doesn't make sense. How can a vertical component pass through a diagonal filter when there is no vertical component. Remember the first filter already removed all thr vertical component. Please explain the reasoning?
Is this why after looking at my phone for minutes my vision separates between my eyes? I get two images one on top of another when looking away from the phone.
Need circular polarisation