Physics Reveals How the Pyramids were Actually Built
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- Опубликовано: 6 июн 2024
- How were the Great Pyramids of Giza built?
And how did the Ancient Egyptians lift the massive 10 ton blocks to such great heights?
In this video, we run through the physics and actually calculate the forces involved in the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza. The ancient Egyptians used a simple machine known as a Herodotus machine. And while simple in design, the Egyptians didn’t leave many clues behind on the exact details of this machine. By using the physics of a lever system and the geometrical considerations of the blocks in the pyramid, we can backwards engineer the design of this machine.
But even with the assistance of the machine, how much lifting power was still required to lift the heavy blocks? By the end of this video, you’ll know exactly what the ancient Egyptians needed to lift during the Great Pyramid’s construction.
Here's an outline of the video:
I. The Great Pyramid of Giza’s Size and Scale: 1:24 |How much mass is actually involved.
II. Introducing the Herodotus Machine: 3:07 |A detailed animation showing the design and operation of the Herodotus Machine.
III. The Physics of a Lever System: 5:44 |All the physics of lever systems, torque, and counterweights needed to perform the calculation.
IV. Analysis of the Herodotus Machine: 10:23 |Applying the physics from part III to lifting a 10 ton block with the Herodotus Machine.
V. Geometrical and Operational Limits of the Herodotus Machine: 15:53 |In order for the Herodotus Machine to operate, certain geometrical considerations need to be applied to the blocks used in the great pyramid of Giza.
VI. Final Thoughts: 20:34 |My final thoughts on this Egyptian engineering marvel.
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Thanks for watching and as always,
Happy Learning!
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#pyramids #Giza #AncientWonders #AncientEgypt #AncientTech #Egyptians #Herodotus #DaVinci #HerodotusMachine #levers #MechanicalAdvantage #Counterweights #Torque #Mechanics #Engineering #StructuralEngineering #CivilEngineering #LiftingHeavyObjects #physics #science #youtubechannel #subscribe
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The block would need to be set in some sort of cradle that would need 3 features. 1 Dawgs at the edges of the block to keep it from sliding off while tilting, 2 detents on the bottom to keep the assembly securely on the pivot points, and 3 it would need the ability to be disassembled under load when the block gets to the top, or when the assembly gets to the final position where the block will be set. This is a great video for explaining the math of leverage, but I think there are too many missing pieces to conclude that this is how the pyramids were built.
These are some interesting points, and some interesting things I could address in a follow up video.
This is a neat video of a man from Michigan lifting heavy concrete blocks by himself. You may see something familiar. Thanks for your insightful comments and hope to see you around again!
ruclips.net/video/E5pZ7uR6v8c/видео.htmlfeature=shared&t=166
@@DrJohnDev Not to mention the 8,000 tons of granite in the GP alone, 70 ton stones that were jacked 150 meters into the body of the pyramid. The secrets of the pyramid builders as well as anything of significance in Egypt, like temple of Osiris don't lie in the lifting of the blocks, that's a dead end avenue that makes individuals miss everything else. They miss everything and celebrate fool's gold when they come up with something that sounds good. The secrets lie in stone fabrication and precision joints that are all over, tight joints that modern construction doesn't produce EVER. Quarry processes, kilometers of tunnels plowed into bedrock, all apparently with chisels and copper saws. Diodorus and Herodotus produced historical record as they spoke with Egyptian priests. Records of an advanced civilization reigning in Egypt dating 20K BC and beyond. That historical record was then corroborated precisely with the discovery of the Turin Kings list in the 1800. Last two lines of the Turin kings list read "Venerables Shemsu-Hor, 13,420 years; Reigns before the Shemsu-Hor, 23,200 years; Total 36,620 years.”
drop this stone lifting all together, it'll do good for your channel. cHECK OUt improbable timeline of the old Kingdom -the Mega pyramid builders.
check out some stuff i've created as well.
cheers, great production! subbed
Thanks for subscribing, and interesting comments. Certainly more to investigate and consider. While I do believe the lifting is one of the key hurdles to building the pyramids, there are certainly more obstacles the Egyptians needed to overcome. I'll check your channel out and let you know what I think. Cheers!
They built it from the ground up from the inside. The pyramid itself is used as the lift as the pyramid is built. They have found tunnels that follow the perimeter on a 45 degree angle all the way to the top.
I prefer to believe that the Annunaki put them there!
Smart use of levers. Now, how do those blocks were placed and removed from the machine ? And how those machines were placed in tandem so that the blocks could be moved from machine to machine ? I hope there will be some follow-up on this ancient technology.
These are some excellent questions, and I plan on making a follow-up addressing these questions. So the Herodotus machines would have likely been lifted up and over the blocks. Trenches could have been dug around the blocks such that the machine sits lower than the base of the block. A trench could have been dug through the sand under the block to feed the first wooden slat through the machine. Certainly some finesse, but also within the realm of possibility.
@@DrJohnDevAnd how do you raise those machines up to well over 400 feet in to the air? Khufu's pyramid is currently 454 feet tall, but was thought originally to be 481 feet tall. That's around 140 metres. Each machine would, by necessity, be bulky and heavy. The machines would have to be lifted over each "layer", but, that becomes difficult at the outer layers because there is very little room to put anything on.
This is an interesting point about the outer edges and the lack of clearance. I also wondered about this. I would imagine temporary wooden scaffolding would have been used, much like it is used in modern construction today as a temporary support. This scaffolding would have been removed after the completion of the construction.
Pyramids are piled up blocks of stones which were excavated to build the Suez Canal by brits.
No. They floated all the stones around, that’s how they did it. Look it up. All these mechanical means are incomplete and much less efficient. The king’s chamber is a primitive hydraulic piston that pushed one stone into the wall and everything is hidden behind it.
1 block every 6 minutes.
How many slats per minute? For ONE layer…
How many layers of stone are there? Gets more unbelievable the more one considers it in its entirety.
And they had to be precisely cut with a copper chisel, and transported to the work site within the allotted time. Impressive! Oh yeah, you can also saw the blocks by rubbing sand on them... forgot about that.
Great video. Most people have no idea how much of an effect levers and pulleys have on the force required to lift something. Our ancestors should be praised for there ingenuity and effort not discredited of there achievements. Take care
Thank you for your comment and support! This was exactly what I was trying to show with this video! The mechanical advantage of a lever system is the key to constructing larger than life structures. Happy to hear you enjoyed and hope to see you around again!
Video is a joke.study geometry and physics
So, how long it would take to raise a single block? And how many machines you'd need to operate simultaneously to get the 6 minutes per block performance?
Great questions!
So first off, the 6 minutes per block performance is only necessary if only one block is being laid at a time. By using multiple machines at the same time (at different sections of the pyramid), the time allocated per block increases significantly.
For instance, if even 10 Herodotus machines are operating at once, then this allows for around 1 hour of time to be allocated per block. With 10,000 workers operating at any given time, there were likely many operating in tandem.
So for a single block, let's do an estimate:
It depends on a couple of factors: the thickness of the wooden slats being used as pivots, and (perhaps more importantly) how fast the men want to work. A rough estimate:
(1.05 meter height)/(5 cm thick slats) = 21 slat layers needed to raise one block over another block.
So,
(21 slat layers)*(2 rotations / slat layer) *(30 seconds / rotation) =
21 minutes
This is the question and it requires demonstration - physics and all that. (It's 6 minutes per block, day and night non stop for about 20-30 years - just to quantify).
@@DrJohnDev Hmm, there's going to be major logistical and accuracy problems arising with the system you outline. Also, 1 hour to raise a block a height of 150 feet, say. Think you'll have to demonstrate this. I know that the guys that tried to reconstruct the building of the pyramid some years ago (Dr, Lehner et al.) tried the sort of method you're suggesting and I recollect that they encountered stability issues at about head height - I think it took them about 23 hours to get a 1.5 tonne block into place about 30 feet up or so. Even then, they had gaps about a finger width between the blocks I think, which is somewhat opposed to how closely the pyramid blocks are placed. Enjoyed the video very much though - thanks.
I agree with you , but you also forgot to consider that there are workers who would not listen to directions causing more delays, complain about lunch breaks and goof off which adds even more time. And where's all the wood that was needed to make the levers? Sounds more reasonable that blocks were moved by sound waves :). @@julianwood6625
@@julianwood6625: I think I saw the same documentary, and they did indeed encounter those difficulties. However, there are some factors to consider here. As far as I know, none of the participants were expert stonemasons, none of them were expert construction workers, and none of them were masters of the use of counterweights, while the ancient Egyptians were acknowledged masters of all three skills. Also experience counts. The Egyptians were doing this for a living, day in and day out, so they had plenty of time to acquire the skills needed. Just my two cents😁
Just one more thing to consider: are the wooden rods strong enough to support 10 tonnes?
@drd4059: Yes they are, in fact they can support much more. The reason is that the wood is being used in a compression mode, and wood's compressive strength is much higher than it's tensile strength. As an example, wooden shoring was used to help move a lighthouse weighing about 1200 tons almost a mile, there is a video of this move being done. It involved laying down steel mats for a temporary roadway, multiple synchronized hydraulic jacks and all manner of other stuff. The whole process took months, but it was successful. 😁
NO
Your question is stupid; It's like asking if air is strong enough to support a balloon.
Shoot 10 tonnes was a tiny pebble to the ancients that built the megalithic structures. lol. You're being very kind. And I have no idea, but it doesn't seem like wood would be the material of choice to move very heavy blocks. And pulling the stones on a wooden sled wouldn't work either as many like to say how the pyramids were built. Sand is a terribly loose material to move objects on. If you used a sled as you pulled the sled the weight of the block would continually and gradually push the sled and itself downward digging itself into the sand. That's why I think they used rails, like we do for our trains. It's the best way to move heavy objects now, and probably back then too. Yeah, I think we're selling the ancient people short of their capabilities and tools/machinery they used.
@@johannjohann6523: About the 10 tons, true they moved far heavier masses, but the basic principles and methods remain the same. As to the wood, it depends on how it's used. If you try to build a wooden structure to directly lift extremely heavy objects (think cranes and such here) then it is true that wood will not work. However when it is used as shoring jacks it can lift at least 1200 tons or more (it was used this way to move a 1200 ton lighthouse in recent times). As far as the sand goes you are correct that dragging sleds directly on sand would be nearly impossible. Since the Egyptians did not have strong enough metal alloys to make metal rails, the most likely way to move across sand would be wooden rails (in the form of massive beams) which would have been used in conjunction with sleds for transport. Well why use sleds at all I hear you ask. Well as many of the quarries were upriver from the job site, sleds would facilitate the transition from land to barge to land again. Again we don't really know the exact methods they used but the basic principles are clear enough.😁😁😁
Still does not explain the amount of workers needed to move one block in 6 minute for millions of blocks.
Nor does it explain or take into account the ability of the inserted slats to support the weight of the block... What is their tensile strength?
It is explained actually. The Egyptians used multiple machines in tandem. If even only 10 machines are used simultaneously, the number is raised to 1 hr per block. It can only come up from there.
Compressive strain would actually be more relevant. And it’s around 1 ton per cm. So with the appropriate thickness, the slates can support the weight.
also, could the slats have been made of copper or brass or stone.@@DrJohnDev
Thanks for answering, I was curious about this too.
I wonder how many times they could be used, before getting "chewed up", by the rocking motion? As the block makes contact with the corners of the slates, each time it is rocked.
How perfect would the slates have to be, so as not to deform the stack as it gets higher.
How many slates, of what dimension, would it take to lift a block of given dimensions.
What kind of wood, available to them at the time, would satisfy the requirements.
Would love a deeper dive into the slates, and material requirements, of the lifting device itself.
Thanks for doing this @@DrJohnDev
The graphics are awesome. I learned so much!
Great! Glad you enjoyed it! It was fun putting together. Blender does some neat things 🙂
Ahhh... Blender !
Need to look into that.
Familiar with Inventor. Solid Works. IronCAD
Very insightful and well-made video!
Thanks so much for the feedback @FunderDuck! It was fun to figure out!
@@DrJohnDevWhilst you may have enjoyed "figuring it out", you have singularly failed to explain how the ancient Egyptians manged to move so many blocks in such short time. Have you figured out how long it would take to lift each block? How did they get the apparatus up to each level? How many machines would they need? What did they use as the pivot rods? How heavy would each be? None of this is explained by your video.
Just because we are skeptical of your hypothesis doesn't mean we think aliens did it.
I'm not so sure you're speaking for everybody.
The maths quite clearly proves that the herodotus machine could have been used to lift the blocks. But I cant imagine it would allow for the precision the pyramid was built with.
Thank you for your comment and excellent point. Additional scaffolding and tools would certainly be needed to guide the blocks into their precise locations, once lifted. This is a good point and one I may revisit in a follow up. Thanks again for your input and thanks for watching!
@DrJohnDev in all honesty I don't think that mystery will ever be solved. Mostly due to the incomplete information given to solve it with. The era it was alleged to have been constructed, its purpose, and the tools that were available, which is speculative. Gobkli Tepe for instance, predates the pyramids as does the Sphinx. You'll be pleased to know that Aliens are not in the equation 🤣
🤣 Well, that's certainly more digestible. Interesting remarks about Göbekli Tepe and the Sphinx. You're right that incomplete information makes the task more speculative. The best we can do at present is try to apply science (non invasively) to the little information we do have. And for the things not entirely clear... some things are best kept preserved in the mysteries of history.
Right. And the pyramids had a LOT of blocks!
@Roger-nk5ug not sure what you mean by that. The herodotus machine is capable of lifting the blocks, and it looks like it would have been easy to construct a lot of them. It just doesn't account for the precision. Aligning the Pyramids to true astronomical north and built encompassing dimensions relating to the globe is no walk in the park. Graham handcocks documentary ancient apocalypse is really interesting. There is certainly more to be learned about these megalithic sites around the world
As a construction worker I have noticed that the people that draw the blueprints really have no idea how things work in the real world, I would like to see actual real world experiments using this theory
Some Japanese engineers tried to duplicate building a small pyramid using these techniques...and failed miserably. They had to resort to using modern heavy lifting machines and still ended up with a very poor little excuse for a pyramid.
They say that the Egyptians placed one block every 6 minutes...yet the device they postulate that was used to lever them into place would take hours to build at each block location. Obviously this is NOT how it was done....at least not in the timespan they claim it took.
After watching the video I thought the subscriber count said 484k and not 484. Now when you do reach it I can proudly announce I was your 485th sub. Sending love from Bosnia
Really appreciate your support and kind words! Comments like these make it all worth it! Glad you enjoyed the video, and hope you enjoy my videos to come! It's a journey upward, but hope to see you there! :)
Great video!
Thanks @alexroks7243 appreciate the support! It was fun putting this one together 😊
Interesting but how did they get those blocks to the site from 500 miles away.?
Very great question! As I understand, they used water vessels to transport the stones. Although, this would be an excellent topic to cover in a follow up video.
Having raised a block, how would it have been moved sideways onto the pile? There's no indication of a mechanism to re-position the block.
Ideas?
Thanks. Cheers.
Yall trying to figure the pyramids out, while im trying to figure out whats for dinner.
😂 some days, even getting dinner together is considered a good day. Thanks for watching and have a great weekend!
The great pyramid’s blocks were often 50 tons. Also, how did they make the precision cuts with tools available at that time?
So for the 50 ton blocks, the machines could still be used. The wooden slats would certainly need to be thicker than the ones used for the smaller blocks. But notice, the thickness of the slats drops out of the equations. So they can be any arbitrary thickness to accommodate any weight. For the more massive blocks, additional weights could be placed on the top surface of the block to add more counterweight and assist with the heavier loads. This is a great question and I'd be eager to learn more about the precision cutting tools they used. Certainly there are more topics to investigate!
Exactly! The explanation in this video falls way short, unfortunately.
Very nice and enjoyable video.
Thanks so much and glad you enjoyed it! Hope to see you next time :)
Watching it with my daughter! Great job, dude
Awesome man! Thanks so much! Hope you guys enjoy!
It’s impressive how so smart people like the Dr. takes time to explain all those formulas, but is the “every 6 minutes” 24/7, what throws every thing off. It takes 6 minutes to cut 10% of 1 side of those blocks, it may take hours to just cut it. Now transport it will take hours or days, and bring it to just 4 Ft. of high, may take several minutes, now lift it up to hundreds of feet.
That’s 24/7 counting the nights, only using all hours of day time, it’s 3 minutes, 3 minutes my A#%!
Haha, I certainly understand your disbelief in how these numbers seem absurd! But this calculation was only for perspective. Those numbers actually aren't correct if multiple machines are acting at the same time, in tandem.
For instance, with 10,000 workers, let's say 5,000 workers are assigned to operate the Herodotus machines and lift the blocks. Each machine would require around 20 men to operate. So that means 250 machines could be lifting blocks around the pyramid at any given time.
So with 250 blocks being laid at a time, what does that mean for the time allocated per block over 27 years?
This means each block is allocated 1 day to be laid on the pyramid over the 27 year period. A bit more breathing room, with even workers to spare :)
where is that sound from at 8:58? so recognizable but I can't put my finger on it lol
🤣🤣 Well, I actually had downloaded that from an open sound database a while back, and I didn't think it came from anything in particular. But now that you mention it, it does sound a bit like Mario 🤔🤔
I was just about to say "hmmm this is going to bug me" but I finally figured it out- it's the sound that plays on my live dealer blackjack app when you're out of money and don't have enough to play the next hand haha@@DrJohnDev
It's nice how the pivot guide of the machine on the side closest to the block magically disappears when you need to shift the block into position.
Also is there wear on the blocks at the pivot positions and the bottom leading edge as well as marks on the top lead edge of the base stone showing the work of moving the block from the machine and into position on the base block?
how long does the lever need to be at you place the top stones?
How does the base of the machine shift inward to allow for stone placement as the base drifts to the center mass of the pyramid?
@rhenery7949: Kinda depends on the orientation of the jack, but there are problems either way. There are solutions either way, some more difficult than others. The actual orientation of the jack depends on a lot of factors, so ya pays yer money and takes yer choice.😁
How does one slide them to position and how does one put and slide them on the apex?
(2 of 2) Another lifting method you could illustrate with Physics is an external fulcrum (pivot) method similar to a shadoof that could be used for the vast majority of the 2.3 million blocks which are less than 2 tonnes. A simplified example calculation of a stone fulcrum about 2.5 m tall located 1 m from a 2 tonne block can use a 6 m long lever (ropes at each end) to give a 5:1 mechanical advantage when the lever is horizontal (halfway through the lift). There are some lateral forces on the fulcrum when the lever is not horizontal (short lever end swings in a small vertical arc) which need to be accounted for in an engineering analysis of the required strengths and weights of the lever, fulcrum, and ropes. By using 4 lever sets (1 for each corner of block’s top; 2 at starting level and 2 at target level), only 100 kg downward pull on each long lever end can lift 1 m in 1 movement (and then swivel horizontally onto the next level!). Lifting ropes can be quickly disconnected from the block and moved to set up for next lift. Obviously many other theories, but this is directly comparable to your Herodotus machine calculations scaled down to 2 tonne block - 400 kg lift total for external fulcrum vs 224 kg for Herodotus. Could either method be supercharged by fixing 1 end of the rope at each lever’s long end to the ground and loop over the lever like a moveable pulley to gain another 2:1 mechanical advantage (less friction loss)?
Interesting. I hadn't considered an external fulcrum, but this seems to be an equally if not more effective method. If you have any resource suggestions on this device or links, I'd love to study it more carefully. I would imagine external levers would be more effective as the size of the pyramid grew, especially given the clearance requirements along the perimeter of each level. A revisit to ancient construction is on my list of upcoming topics, and I find this really fascinating. Thanks again for your feedback and suggestions. I'm always looking for great topics to explore.
(1 of 2) Nice Physics analysis of 1 interpretation of the Herodotus machine and respectful comments back to those viewers with insightful comments. One suggestion for your analysis is to point out that pivot height “a” must also have an upper bound else your simplified locations of each center of mass (and corresponding mass for each end) changes since the angle increases as the block moves up; so in order to keep your calculations valid, each end of the block has to have support that stacks (like cribbing) to keep it nearly horizontal. Lots more manual labor required. Also worth pointing out to viewers that your example provides a 8.93:1 mechanical advantage (not the apparent 17.86:1) since the 560 kg is applied at each end of beam. Appreciate that you recently commented that you intend to evaluate some other lifting options from physics standpoint so I’ll do a separate comment as 2 of 2 to evaluate more traditional external fulcrum method.
Really appreciate your thoughtful and insightful feedback here. You're absolutely right on the upper bound on the height! I had considered that, but thought it might be best to save that detail. I think a scaled demo of this device might be a good approach for demonstrating the effects of various sized pivots and configurations. Thanks for watching and providing some excellent insight for the viewers!
Wow. Back to high school maths and year 11 physics. Loved it.
Thanks for your support! It was fun how the setup appeared rather simple but became more complex as the problem progressed. Glad you enjoyed! 😊
I never thought aliens built them.
That is very clever!
I've studied physics and mechanics and I've never seen this Herodotus Machine.
Those guys were really smart!
In the drone pictures of the pyramid, I'm really impressed how closely aligned the stones are to form straight edges.
Thanks so much for your support! I had never seen the Herodotus Machine discussed in physics classes either, which is a main part of why I wanted to tackle this problem. And while most historians tend to gather evidence from the archeological records, I thought it would be neat to run the calculations and math to determine how this machine actually worked.
The design and features of the pyramid are certainly impressive, and there's many avenues left for exploration :) Let me know if you think of any ideas or topics you'd like to explore. Thanks again for watching and hope to see you around again!
@@DrJohnDev This video does not explain how the pyramids were built. Egyptians did not have that amount of knowledge of mathematics portrayed in this video. This video is good for a Newtonian physics lesson in college. Most important issue here is not how they built pyramids but where in the World did they get the building material? There are inconclusive theories of where they got the building stuff. Of course, I do not believe that ancient aliens gave the technology to Egyptians for them to build the pyramids. But there is theory that the blocks were made like one makes a brick. They poured liquid limestone into a form of required volume and let it congeal. That is why the sides of the blocks are so nicely flat and could be perfectly stacked with smooth sides next or on top of each other. And I believe that would be the best explanation and not lifting 50 tonnes by the help of wood, papyrus or bamboo and have hundreds of people working in perfect unison. Unless they all were equipped with two way radios.
I'm a retired architect. There's an excellent channel called "History for Granite" that goes very deep into pyramid construction - using extensive field verified evidence. The first thing to understand is that only the outermost layers of stone were carefully cut and dressed. The inner layers were rough-cut or even rubble, with the exception of shafts and burial chambers.
The history of ancient Egyptian architecture and art is backwards. It goes from more sophisticated to less over time, with the old kingdom the most advanced. This suggests some previous lost civilization developed the construction methods. Similar structures appear in the Americas thousands of years later.
Recent GPR scans of the Sahara desert have confirmed vast networks of rivers existed for tens of thousands of years, with mysterious ruins swallowed by the saharan sands. The Younger Dryas impact hypothesis posits that an asteroid impact / series of impacts may have struck the earth 12,000 years ago, ending the ice age and radically altering / warming the earth's climate. Greenland ice-cores back this up, as do other indirect evidence.
So there may be astonishing things burried that pre-date and explain much of egyptian history.
It would be interesting to uncover archeological evidence of this kind of previous lost civilization. Civilizational decline could also be a factor here. Perhaps time will tell :)
Interesting approach to explain the math of the lifting machine, although the title is misleading. Should have read, "Physics Reveal How the Pyramids Lifting Machines Work.
Thank you for the support! There is certainly quite a bit of topics to cover with ancient Egypt and I believe some follow up topics should be in order 😀
Would love to see more from you, on this subject. @@DrJohnDev
@@TheScreamingFrog916 I think I need to have a follow up with this one. Stay tuned!
or, "physics reveals how the Great Pyramids lifting machines MAY have worked". Because by the time tne Greeks came along and asked how things were done, those Pyramids had been standing there for over a thousand years. What the Greeks were told, and what they thought they were told, may well not match up, as we have several historical examples of misunderstandings and what appears to be guesswork by those doing the explaining. 😂
But Graham Hancock said physics won't allow this... and therefore they were lifted with sound. Now I don't know what to think!
Interesting perspective. I’m not familiar with his video, but would be curious to watch. Certainly it is still challenging but not physically impossible. Thanks for watching!
@@DrJohnDev I was being facetious ;) ruclips.net/video/qQqtr_HPVns/видео.htmlsi=jadrlwe2kTrc9NyT
Sound for cutting? and for moving for that matter ?
How did they get the blocks there?
Great question! So although the Herodotus machine wouldn’t have been used to transport the blocks horizontally, horizontal displacement is a much ‘easier’ feat than vertical displacement. Namely, if you reduce friction as much as possible, the block becomes easier to move horizontally. Methods such as transporting the blocks with sleds over water logged sand have been documented as possibilities. Horizontal displacement also doesn’t have the same restrictions on worker numbers as vertical displacement. For instance, the blocks can be wrapped with an arbitrary number of ropes and many workers can work together to move the blocks horizontally, unlike the restriction on vertical displacements. Excellent question and hope this answers it!
@@DrJohnDev Demonstrating how a 10 tonne block (or even 70 tonne block) can be pulled horizontally across sand using a sled, water and papyrus ropes is something that should be easy to do. However, nobody ever does any form of demonstration. Instead, there's just a lot of words and documents used as proof. Why do you think that is? There's no shortage of 10 tonne blocks lying about on the planet, there's plenty of water, sand and even papyrus. i personally would be happy if modern ropes were used as a first demo.
Whats you thoughts on the spiral ramp theory or multiple pulley system that acts like gearing ( I think Destin from Smarter Every Day has a vid on it)?
Love his videos, and I need to check that video out! While efficient gear systems were invented by the ancient Greeks of Alexandria, it's possible some type of rotary advantage system was employed for further block manipulation. Thanks for pointing me in this direction 😀
@@DrJohnDevWell it wasn't rotary gearing, it was by using multiple block and pulleys together they basically act like gearing (Destin explains it so much better). Pulling on one end be lets say 10 feet the rope goes through the next pulley by lets say 8 feet, next pulley 6, then 4 and so on. And the force is reduced by each pulley (sorry I know I'm butchering this).
Destins video ruclips.net/video/M2w3NZzPwOM/видео.html
Another video with math like yours ruclips.net/video/JnYVz1TSmBQ/видео.html
@@DrJohnDev Heres the internal ramp theory which supposedly has evidence to back it up ruclips.net/video/lasCXujNPfs/видео.html
Longer video with 3D animation and more ruclips.net/video/3NCK99mQUxw/видео.htmlsi=qwUIrEmE6pgPZeFu
@@DrJohnDev This guys videos on the pyramids are fantastic ruclips.net/video/3jRLZnpHKX0/видео.html
That’s a great video! And the Efficient Engineer one was also quite impressive. It looks like wheels would have been around at the time of the Egyptians, so the mechanical advantage of pulley systems could have also been employed, likely contingent on the clearance of the specific area.
Good animations. I have lifted many a 1 ton limestone block with pulleys and levers, but I used my 4wd Jeep to pull the rope ;).
That sounds like a good time! Thanks for watching and hope to see you around again!
The reason I find the wooden parts to be inadequate is the force applied at the outer edge of the beam when at an angle, which would want to rotate, causing the vertical load to spread the uprights laterally and only steel has the kind of strength to counter the forces applied at the corner where the uprights are fastened.
Please make arguments from a quantitative standpoint. Basing a physical argument on words alone is a pretty useless exercise.
@@DrJohnDev "pretty useless" seems a bit harsh response (even if accurate), to someone who seems to have a reasonable question, even if not asked in the way you prefer.
You have done a great thing here, sharing this idea, and starting a lively discussion in the comments section.
I can understand why you might be sensitive to people questioning your conclusion. Especially after all the work you put into it.
But try to view the questions/challenges, from the point of view, of people who don't have your background/education.
Remember that the comments section, is the lifeblood of RUclips.
Ignore them, if you don't have time/energy for them, but please try not to be snarky, as it diminishes an otherwise wonderful presentation.
Best wishes for your success ☮
@@DrJohnDevI'm sorry, but your "explanation" is nothing but a description of some maths, and doesn't consider any PRACTICAL limitations of such devices. Without any consideration of the practicalities of implementing such a scheme, and a demonstration on the scale needed and with the resources available at the time, it's nothing more than an unsubstantiated idea. But you clearly like to feel smug about how you can work out the maths, which somehow magics away all the practical problems. And of course, the Egyptians had no concept of the maths, it was all just trial and error. Besides, the ancient Greeks didn't see the great Pyramids being built, they were constructed at least a thousand years earlier... and a lot changes in that time.
@@another3997 I think you missed the point of using the math to backwards engineer the machine they used. Of course the Egyptians determined the functionality based on trial and error, the same manner in which current progress is made in facets of engineering and science. We can use mathematics to determine exactly how they used these machines, without needing to ask them.
If you're not convinced with math, check this video out. Anything look familiar??
ruclips.net/video/E5pZ7uR6v8c/видео.htmlfeature=shared&t=166
@@TheScreamingFrog916 Thank you for the nice complements and support. I understand some of the comments can come across as brash. But sometimes, fire needs to be fought with fire. This user left a string of comments, which all lacked depth and deep reflection. The idea of simply using words to form physical arguments is extremely naive and juvenile. I understand the case for disagreements, but if the disagreement is fraught with misinformation (and conveys the sense of not caring to understand), I will shut it down. Thanks again for your kind words and hope to see you around here again!
Theirs a man who built these megalithic structures all by himself by hand on his property and showed real time how he did it.
That was a fascinating explanation of how the machine works, but it could not be built in 27 years as you described. You left out a lot from your equations, The forest required to build the machines from wood, the miles of rope needed, the cutting and transporting of all the blocks, and the thousands of people to do all of the work had to eat, sleep somewhere for 27 years. That's a lot of motel6 rooms and quarter pounders!
Yet there it stands
Well, I think the equations are fine as they are, but certainly more details to address in terms of logistics, forest sources, construction materials, etc. And while they certainly would have needed to house the workers, I think it's fair to say that the structures the workers lived in would be long gone by now. They certainly weren't being housed in pyramids. The sheer mass of the pyramids is one of the key reasons it still exists. The other 6 wonders of the ancient world were all destroyed and pillaged, which is why they no longer exist today. The pyramid sites were certainly pillaged, but no one had the might to destroy the pyramids.
The problem with the "Herodotus machine" is it is stuck on the ground. I guess you could work inward to outward and have space for the machine?
Right. I think inward to outward. And then set it up on level 1 and repeat.
So its basically like that machine and method used by that old guy demonstrating it in his backyard with those pillars of concrete?
Has anyone calculated the number of watt hours required to lift the blocks to their final positions and given the technology of the day, how likely it would have been that they could sustain that output?
Hello -This is how they did it: The levitation technology involves an anti-magnetic device which is dangerous to the untrained as one can float right out of the world, in other words, fall upwards. The control involves two grids, one tuned to magnetism of the Earth, the other opposed to the magnetism of the Earth. When the grids are in a certain position, the machine plates will gloat; they will neither go up nor go down. But if one pushes a lever which alters the relationship of the grids to each other, then in one direction the Earth magnetism becomes the stronger, and so the machine plates sink down to the Earth. But if we want to rise up, then we push the lever the other way so that the anti-magnetism takes effect and the Earth repels instead of attracts. In this way we can rise up into the air. One operator could lift up these hundred-ton blocks and place them in position without exerting himself. Then, when the block was in the precise position required, the magnetic current would be switched off and the block would be locked into position by the gravitational pull of the Earth. The initial work of preparing the blocks of stone requires the use of atomic torches. A cold melt is utilised - no heat is generated, so the object (or place) can be used immediately. The metal seat at the back of the machine would hold the operator while the atomic torches would emit the laser rays from nozzles along the front bottom and sides. In this way a shole hutment of hangarage can be excavated in the space of a few paltry hours. The initial alien technology was of course not of this world and was in fact brought by Rah-Sham-Het from the planet Tasch in the Tenth Solar System of this Twelfth Universe and developed further with the power of THOUGHT by the Solar Hierarchy (the twelve Sons of GOD headed by Lord Mikaal/Archangel Michael in His Earthly incarnation and whose Temple lies under the GAN-HIN, the Sphinx, meaning Guardian of the Temple in Ellhonia, Drunhia, the original names of the capital of Egypt in those remote times). In this way the Pyramids and the Sphinx were built. Thank you.
I like the video. But how did they "scoot" the blocks horizontally?
Great question! So there's been a number of theories on that. One theory: the last wooden slats used can extend over the target surface. Then, the block could still pivot between these final slats, but each rotation can be accompanied with a slight axial rotation (rotation about the z-axis). Performing successively would effectively walk the block off the platform. Does that make sense?
I'll believe it when I see a modern crew build a new pyramid this way.
To me Egyptians as we know it didn’t build the pyramids..if this is the case we could build a Herodotus machine as we see it and build a pyramid using the same technique…but we haven’t because we can’t. Not only cutting the stones and moving them. I’m not saying your explanation is not spot on it is ..I imagine pre flood humans using a technology like this realistically, but used by giants, man and giant together or something or someone extremely strong. The cutting, moving and the lifting is mind boggling. The best way to prove all of these methods is to do it in its entirety. Then we will know.
Did they have the rope technology for this
Great Question! So the ancient Egyptians were quite pioneers in rope. Here's a good reference article from Springer in case you'd like to learn more:
link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4020-4425-0_8686#:~:text=The%20enormous%20ropes%20used%20in,of%20160%20mm%20in%20diameter.
17:06 the blue dot which is to the right of the other blue dot isn't supposed to look like it's directly above the midpoint of the green triangles. It's supposed to look like it's a little to the left. And the greater the angle theta, the farther off to the left it should appear to be. Some people might not realize that the picture isn't at all to scale, and those people might get confused by that blue dot not looking like it's to the left of the midpoint of the green triangles. Great video, though.
Thanks for the insightful comment, and I see your point. Yeah, the distances and geometry is a bit confined at this scale. When developing this video, one of my initial calculations had an error due to a misdrawn line label. Fortunately, I caught this mistake, but perhaps blowing things up a bit may help for future videos. Really appreciate the feedback and glad you enjoyed the video! Hope to see you around!
Was surprised this showed on my feed since my background is Ufology!
You go down that rabbit hole and learn that the pyramids are way older (Hancock, Robert Schoch, Randall Carlson) and they most likely used a mix of machinery (drill marks, precision cutting impossible with bronze tools) and possibly levitation technology. The cost in labor, time, and natural resources would be too great without high technology.
Another rabbit hole you go down when you study Ufology is that Plato was most likely describing a real civilization when he writes about Atlantis. Totally convinced that these ancient sites (Balbek, Machu Pichu, NA Mound Builders, pyramids in China, Romania) were the remnants of highly advanced civilization.
Any monumental task can be completed if you small chunk it.
Indeed! This is a point I was trying to drive home.
Well made video, math rocks.
Thanks @28704joe ! Really appreciate that and hope to see you again on here 😊
How do you put the stones on the machine on the second course of stones to build the third course and so on...
How were the king and queens chamber built? How do you explain the precision?
Nobody knows how this was done nevermind all the other megaliths in Egypt
That was fascinating! I loved maths at school, particularly algebra, because it just seemed so logical. The two pivots makes absolute sense in respect of manually raising each block.
Since childhood, I've always had a fascination and curiosity about the ancient Egyptians, and used to spend quite a bit of time at the museum after school.
I must admit that I was hoping you'd show an animated demonstration of the blocks being moved into position after being raised to the correct height, but my imagination has managed to conjure up a somewhat vague image of that.
Really appreciate the kind words and support! Ancient Egypt was, indeed, quite a fascinating place, and I also was perplexed as a child about the great pyramids.
Excellent point about the blocks being moved into position after being raised! I must admit, my animation skills are still in development. I had some thoughts on this. The final wooden slats can actually be inserted all the way through to the top of the target block. So instead of rotating the block back and forth along a single plane, it could be rotated with a slight twist along the direction towards the target block. Like walking a heavy object through a room, you pivot and twist forwards on one side, then pivot and twist forwards on the other side. Like walking it side to side until it clears onto the platform. I hope this explains a bit better, and may make for a good follow up on this topic! :)
@@DrJohnDev
Yes, the pivot and twist theory is a possibility, but I was also wondering if they may have been able to slide or roll each block into place, e.g. using roller logs or maybe something similar to ball-bearings.
Another idea would be to use the pivoting process again, but in reverse, and tipping it over, e.g. the top and bottom were on each side until it was tilted enough to roll over onto the lower block.
Anyway, my 72 year old brain has done enough for today, so it's time for me to head off to have some probably very interesting dreams. See you again soon.
These are excellent possibilities as well. I had also considered rolling along rounded slats. Perhaps they would be inserted length-wise while the block is pivoting.
To pivot the block over and onto the target also seems reasonable. Although, hard landings might be high risk for breaking and cracking. I imagine the method they incorporated involved a bit of finesse.
Really appreciate the insight and discussion. There is indeed more to question and ponder. Oftentimes, the more you learn, the more questions that arise. Part of the joy of finding out. See you again and hope your dreams stay interesting!
Where'd you get educated? I'm Irish and although I had a decent education some of my teachers were terrible (done my leaving cert in 1990). I assume you're Irish judging by the name.
@@jaysunbrady
Dun Laoghaire. I left school at age 16, after doing the Intermediate exams.
There are RUclipss showing the rocking motion of the block and using wooden slabs did lift the blocks.
This was done with a real 5,000-pound block and real people rocking the block.
So just small sticks and rope lifted the blocks up one course in 15 minutes.
Moving the blocks from the quarry to the pyramid was done with small logs and rope too.
A harness of rope attached 3 logs to each of 4 sides and the blocks can be rolled with 2 people easily.
That's how the Egyptians built the pyramids - small logs and rope.
But why use such heavy blocks ?
Why not use smaller ones and/or other shape, i.e. longer slim or whatever ? There must have been a very good reason to do that gigantic effort.
This is a good question. It certainly would have been easier, although, not as impressive. Other pyramids around the world used smaller blocks, but because of this, we primarily marvel after the pyramid of Giza - a true engineering legend.
Looking at the tunnels dug through the great pyramid, its unlikely the whole pyramid is made out of blocks. Most of the tunnels ceiling consists of small pieces of stone mortared together.
It would be more convincing if you just went out back and lifted something. I have questions, like, wouldn't a multi-tonne block crush a wooden spindle? They would be answered with a demo.
A demo certainly helps visualize things better than an animation. I didn't have any 10 ton blocks laying around the house, but, there is an interesting demonstration from a man in Michigan, who recreated Stone Henge in his back yard using only wood. Here's a link, pretty interesting stuff:
ruclips.net/video/xD5Lc3-5iDs/видео.htmlfeature=shared&t=701
@@DrJohnDev the amazing thing about the Michigan guy, if I am thinking about the same one, is he did it by himself or with some grandkids. This is not the situation with the pyramids - there were plenty of workers. I see no issues in building the pyramids with rope, beams, levers, sand, sturdy blocks, small ramps, and as many adult, dedicated, obedient workers as needed. Or you can wait centuries for technology to advance, or go getter dun.
Sand-jacking. You know about sand-jacking?
@@everychordever4339 No, or at least not in that context. Please, let me know!
@@everychordever4339 The Egyptians indeed had a plethora of workforce at their disposal. Well, I’m of the opinion the Egyptians were responsible for this advancement, which later was advanced more by the Greeks and Romans. To each their own. I appreciate your can do, practical attitude. From what I see, most people are under disbelief that even a substantial workforce would be unable to pull it off.
This would be a great simulation for an advanced AI to run
Interesting idea! A simulation for the full scale problem would be pretty fascinating!
Nice. Please proof this with the 100t blocks used in de Roof opf the s.c. "Kings Chamber".
Great question! Yes, the King's Chamber blocks were in fact heavier, although the physics would remain the same. I would need the dimensions of these blocks to work out the detail, but interesting thing to check out!
@@DrJohnDev, I am very much afraid that you would need to calculate the strength of the wood as well, to provide a feasability as to the application of the method to move stones of that magnitude.
One calculation for a big stoone I found:
The first ceiling layer of beams measure ca 8.9 m [L] x 2.3 m [H] x 1.3 m [W]
= 26.6 cub m x density of granite 2.75 = 73 tonnes
Very nice! This is exactly what I did to confirm the weight of the stones at the base as well. And you're absolutely right, I believe the strength of the wood needs to be calculated exactly and its compressive strength well understood. For a potential follow up, I plan on surveying the wood used in the area of Giza, and using it's Young's Modulus, figure out how much force it could withstand. I'm curious as to how thick the wood would need to be in order to still be usable. I would need to run the numbers to figure it out. Appreciate you figuring out the weight using the rock dimensions!
Yes, and amazingly they are said to have built this in 20 years; averaging the exact placement of 1 stone every 2.5 minutes. Completely feasible!
🤣🤣🤣 So true. I love the sarcasm. This method just doesn't cut it.
Based on known construction of mastabas (pyramid predecessors), up to 70% of the internal structure is likely comprised of smaller, irregular backfill or "rubble." The assumption that the entire structure contains larger, precisely cut and placed stones makes it unfeasible and an unnecessary waste of material, skill, and labor.
Pyramids, Sphinx ALL left over from the last civilization of man
Whete did all the wood come from?
at 2:30 i began laughing. They'd need 10 tons of power to lift a 10 ton block. Lifting? Duh Try a ramp.
Basic physics is real! So, they just built the pyramids with a lever. It's so simple. How did i miss it?
This surely explains how this machine works but i dont see why would it be only technique used. The estimated number of blocks is very misleading in my opinion ( i know that it wasn't you who came up the number), the size and weight of the blocks decreases with every "floor" of the pyramid, not to mention the fact that theres thousands of tons of rubble and mortar.
In conclusion, i do believe this device might have been used but i think mostly in early stages, when blocks were the heaviest and/or for lifting heavier granite blocks assuming that they were "inside" the pyramid from the start and were lifted one floor at the time along with the oyramid being built
I agree there were still many techniques the Egyptians would have needed to employ. For the 'lighter' 1 ton blocks, perhaps it would be easier (and faster) to enlist a team of workers to lift up the blocks. But for the most massive of blocks, they certainly would have needed some mechanical advantage. I chose this Herodotus machine to focus on, as it's one of the few clues left in the history books, and something we can actually backwards engineer using physics.
Ropes and pulleys, water and sand.
Everyone ignores water as both the reason and method of building a pyramid.
I agree that the power of water and ropes are underestimated and certainly helped in building the pyramids. Hope to do a follow up here and go into more details. Certainly more to cover here. Thanks for your comment and watching!
Not all the blocks are the same size. Even under the first layer they start to differ. The most outer of blocks are the smallest ones they used. Some of those folks have been removed right underneath them there are blocks way bigger.
This is a good point. Yes, the blocks certainly differed in weight and size. I wanted to illustrate the use of the machine for the particular blocks around the base of the pyramid. There were heavier blocks, and there were lighter blocks. And while the force requirements would need to be adjusted, the equations and math remain the same. Thanks for bringing this up and hope you enjoyed!
How about applying what you've expressed here and see the results?
I used a similar but simple method To raise my full size anvil onto a large block of wood. I rocked it back and forth adding a piece of wood each time until my anvil was level with the block then I dragged it across, scary but it worked!!
Wow! That's really awesome! Did you take any photos or video? Really sounds neat and glad it worked out! I may try a demo at some point as well :)
I’m not saying it’s aliens.
Guess you have to carve a new block every 6 minutes, too. And the right size and shape. And move it from wherever to the site. And all your equipment has to be able to lift, move and support those extreme weights.
This is a very good primer on levers, and how to lift a 10 ton block 1 meter, but does not explain how they built the pyramids. How are you gonna get those blocks to the top of the pyramid and set in 6 minutes? And how did they build the King's Chamber, which has 80 ton blocks? Not to mention the precision cutting which looks machined.
It's still one of the greatest mysteries and is absolutely fascinating.
The blocks may have been molten and poured in place into frames. On YT, this video:
The Movie Great Pyramid K 2019 - Director Fehmi Krasniqi
I wonder how the 1000 ton stones at baalbek were moved
Rubber bands and a pully.
They used levers? That is pretty revolutionary.
Yeah, you’d be surprised
And if this whole process is workable, could they lay 1 block every 6 minutes for 27 years straight like you said they would have to?
Where did this high level knowledge suddenly come from for a bronze age culture?
Great question. So the knowledge used in this video was being used to backwards engineer the simple machine and draw some conclusions. You're certainly right, a bronze age culture wouldn't have had Newtonian mechanics to work with. They would, however, been able to assemble the machines and with trial and error, come to figure out the right approach. Like building a lego without the directions. The directions would make life easier, but with enough persistence, trial and error can get the result eventually.
Explain the obelisks and saw marks
I hadn't heard about the saw marks, but certainly more to cover in a follow up!
The 27 year timeline is just a guess btw. And the cheveron blocks above the kings chamber are more like 70 tons.
Pyramids are piled up blocks of stones which were excavated to build the Suez Canal by brits.
They moved 10 ton stone blocks with sticks. That's pretty impressive.
I don't remember saying sticks. But if you're having doubts, I'd suggest starting with the Young's modulus of wood. As scaffolding, wood is only used to hold up 10,000 ton freeways during construction.
@@DrJohnDev I don't know, but my take on the comment, is that he is genuinely impressed, not mocking.
Will admit that, the first thing I wondered was, how strong the wood would have to be, to not get deformed, crushed, or pushed out of the way.
Especially as the height increased.
I would really appreciate a follow up video, addressing the physical requirements, of the materials, dimensions, of the lifting device itself, and not just the forces applied at the end points.
Kind of a structural engineering analysis of the materials, the device is made out of. How many times could you use the pivot wood pieces, before they wear out. What kind of wood, did they have access to, to build these things.
It is a fascinating subject, thanks very much for this presentation, and best wishes for your continued success.
@@DrJohnDev The Young's modulus of a certain type of wood is only a small part of the equation. All you have to do now is prove that the ancient Egyptians had access to the right types of wood, had it in the required quantities, and that they understood how to construct suitable scaffolding to support the required number of machines and a number of stone blocks each weighing several tons. And then explain what other material they used to as pivot points to support those blocks. Im sure you've done the research to support your theory... haven't you?
The key to learning is to be receptive to learn. The points you bring up are certainly explainable, but only to those willing to understand.
@@another3997 seems like the pivot points might leave marks, that we could observe, with modern instruments/techniques.
This man was born to entertain people🤣 he never even heard of geopolymer😂😅
I think they had a scaffolding, there are holes round the pyramid which tells me there was a structure round the pyramid, I think they used bags of sand and small stones as counter waits and hoisted them up .The Egyptians were very intelligent people who believed in simplicity, and we are making it too complicated .😮
The Egyptians likely employed several methods during the pyramids construction. I wanted to document the device suggest by Herodotus. The Egyptians would have employed the device via trial and error, as this was constructed well before Newton's time. It'd be great to look into other techniques and devices likely employed during the ancient times!
You should do a costing as to how much it will cost to build and how many blocks will be needed. I worked out that it will cost about a 3 billion using bricks😅
A cost analysis is an interesting perspective. I found an infographic on the estimated cost on the Great Pyramid (linked below). They estimated 5 billion, so not too far off from your estimate!
www.digitalinformationworld.com/2012/10/worlds-5-tallest-buildings.html
@@DrJohnDev pity no one has built one....even a 30th scale one then a ten ton block would only weigh 100 kg and video the whole construction, such a magical shape
@@wijpkeThis is a good point. It would still be quite the effort, but perhaps someone with the capital and resources would like to take on the challenge. I know Stonehenge had been re-created by a man from MI, but I'm not aware of any pyramid builders out there. Let me know if you come across any!
Given the work involved, I still lean towards ramps and rollers.
I hadn't mentioned ramps and rollers in my video, but yes, they likely incorporated these as well. Likely a hybrid method was used.
Hmmm. Has this Theory been tested? That is'-- has a miniature to scale been created? From individuals who have visited the pyramid first hand they have observed that the blocks are precisely laid one on top of the other with little to no gaps. Does the process you mentioned account for such precision?
Great question and points! So there is a scaled demo on RUclips created a few years ago of two guys lifting heavy bricks using a similar machine:
ruclips.net/video/4hLQoD3Cwag/видео.htmlsi=KqiMte6G-NOjHfp8
As far as the precision, this is a good point that needs exploring further. The laser like precision of the blocks does seem like quite the feat. Should be explored and researched a bit more.
Nevermind how they cut all those gigantic blocks out of granite with only copper chisels and rocks bound to a stick with leather laces? Nevermind trying to do all this to each block in 6 min per block 24/7 for 27 years? Nevermind how they set this rig up on the skinny ledge of a block 375 feet in the air and trying to operate this lever system? I mean, you have good math here for sure, but, the practicality of using a system like this still doesn't hold up to scrutiny. In my opinion, of course.
If Fapp = Progress, this generation should produce huge pyramids.
🤣🤣
Then: This work is so tough.
Then: Yes but in 3000 years we will still be remembered.
Now: Definitely made by aliens.
Love the videos, especially the ones on radioactivity, but the sound effects are jarring on headphones. Your voice and explanation is clear and interesting enough without them.
Thank you for your support and welcome to my channel! Appreciate the feedback, and I'll be mindful of the sound FX for my upcoming videos ;) Thanks again and see you next time!
They still had to place about 10 blocks per hour, every hour, for 27 years. That's a lot of blocks.
It is indeed still a lot of blocks. It actually depends on how many machines they had. With over 10,000 working at a time, there is room for this number to scale according.
so tons of stone is pivoted on some wooden twigs.. well done physics
and how does any wooden crane with that much weight then rotate that into place..?
the wear and tear on these wooden cranes in a desert where wood is rare makes this very unlikely and the weight would destroy these mechanisms..
wood slats would have failed under the weight of the block. The Egyptians probably used titanium ones.
Wood can sustain much higher loads than this. Either that or Tungsten more likely 😉
It's already been shown that it was an interior ramp system.
I want to see somebody actually lift a 10 ton block like this in 6 minutes, which would include moving it sideways off the machine and perfectly placing it where it's going. And let's not forget the pyramid is 455 ft tall, the six minutes placement also has to include raising the blocks higher for each course. They are going to use this machine to raise the blocks all way to the top? How many lifts per block is that at the higher levels? If the average time per block is six minutes that means the ones on close to the bottom must be placed way more quickly than the ones at the top, how about some math on that? Where did they get all the large timbers to build these many machines, (which also have to be hauled up before the blocks) old growth forests along the Nile? A block every 6 minutes, nonstop, without a break for 27 years, yeah that sounds reasonable.
What's more the landing point is always moving toward the centre line!
Excellent video and fascinating to watch... But it seems to me that a civilization using the mathematics and physics required to create levers and such would also have the capacity to utilize the wheel, which wasn't invented yet... I think they found the pyramids, left over from a previous civilization that was wiped out during the younger dryas Era. There's thousands of years of occupation and history to sort through but there's similar structures scattered across the world with absolutely no record of how they were built.
It is surprising about the wheel, and very interesting point!
Although, even though they were utilizing levers, it's unlikely they actually understood the physics and mathematics completely. The mechanical advantage of the lever was likely discovered through experimentation. We just have to use physics today in order to backwards engineer their designs. A modern example of technology that we use, but don't fully understand, is superconductivity.
And how did they cut the blocks
This is a great question. I certainly didn't cover it in this video, but perhaps a follow up is in order to address this. There are some theories and I'd love to investigate these.
@@DrJohnDev the huge stones in the kings chamber are red granite and would have been almost impossible with the tools we associate with that time period
Really more attention needs paid to this. There’s more than meets the eye here. At least in my humble opinion
Thanks for the response
Having seen this machine before (and the impressive demo here on YT) and having read about many many theories about the construction I'm nowhere near convinced that the "Physics Reveals How the Pyramids were Actually Built" ... don't claim I know either, but there is much more to building a pyramid than just lifting the stones for which there are many ways.
This is the most efficient method for lifting. Lifting actually is the biggest mystery. Do we not already know where they sourced the material, the waterways used for transportation, and how to slide heavy objects by lowering the friction? Curious to hear all the other ways you would propose the ancients could lift the blocks.
@@DrJohnDev Thanks for getting back to me. I'm in no way expert in any of this so I should really not comment beyond my point which was that the "physics DON'T reveal how the pyramids were actually built". The method presented may well be how it was done. On the other hand it may not. Even if this is the most efficient way to do the lifting it does not mean it was used. If we look around we see in-efficiencies everywhere even in this advanced scientific age. The best does not always win. So far internal ramps, with rolling block with counter weight seems like one possible option. Many videos here and lots of books suggesting various methods, some supported with archaeological clues in stones and hieroglyphs. Lots of more or less crazy theories also.
Right, certainly lots of theories out there. And I don’t have photographic evidence of the Egyptians using Herodotus machines. The main point I wanted to drive home: by only using the size and shape of the blocks of the pyramid (something we actually know) we can determine, with absolute certainty, the force required to lift the block using a counterweight-lever system. Fully agree that they may have employed other methods as well, but I think it’s neat that science doesn’t always need an archeological record to understand the possibility and feasibility of how things work.
I've known for many years that it was done with levers and counterweights, though I didn't know the exact method or the math behind it. Also the Herotodus machine is also known as the shoring jack, which has been in use in construction for many centuries (obviously since the Egyptians). 😁The damn editor won't allow me to fix my misspelling of Herodotus for some reason.😒
Dammit I can't fix my misspelling of Herodotus in my previous post😒😒😒
Thanks for your feedback! Really appreciate it. I hadn't seen anyone do the calculations on the Herodotus machine before, so I wanted to figure it out. I particularly thought it was interesting that the pivot distance is the ultimate key to it's operation. And no worries, Herodotus is certainly a easy one to typo. Cheers and happy holidays!
@@DrJohnDev: Happy holidays to you as well! As for the spelling, I am aware that in the grand scheme of things, it's trivial, but I really prefer to be as correct as possible as often as I can.😁😇😁
@@DrJohnDev : As far as the pivot distance being the key, this is true for any use of levers, since it affects both the applied force and the distance moved.😁
Thanks for that! Appreciate it :) And yes, fully understand. It's a great goal to strive for 😅
Wouldn't the weight of the block, crush the wooden slats ?