Nice and easy calculation. I really suck at Math and I went to the boards with no clue of how to make this calculation. End up facing five L.A questions that required this calculation. Never underestimate L.A! You have no idea how many lives you are changing Dr. Ryan! Me, myself almost drop dentistry to study something else, bc I was having a hard time with the boards. You are a angel on Earth! Thank you, thank you, THANK YOU!!!
Thank you Dr Ryan, Pharma has always been the part ive been struggling with; but watching ur videos makes yhese contenys a lot easier to understand and less confused.
This is exactly what is happening with me ...took part one from 4 years and really afraid of part 2 ...thank u so much for helping me overcome my biggest of all fears ur are a great dr and person 🙏 can thank u enough
Thank you Dr. Ryan you are an effective teacher. All the way from Philippines 🇵🇭 I want to express my gratitude in all of your videos! Thank you Mental Dental 🦷
Wow. Thank you for making these videos and sharing them with everyone! You've simplified so many convoluted lectures into concise, understandable key points! I think your videos are the best NBDE Part II prep out there and I'm so grateful to have found these videos when I did. (I FINALLY understand Radiology because of you haha.) You're super smart, an awesome teacher, and a true blessing!! Thanks again!
Dr. Ryan thank you for your videos, they are very helpful for our preparation. I have a question about the calculation of anesthesia by carpule, it can be summarized that: For 1% lidocaine= 18mg For 2% lidocaine=36mg For 3% mepivacaine=54mg For 4% articaine=72mg --------------------------- Epinephrine solution 1:100,000=0.018mg 1:200,000=0.009mg 1:50,000=0.036mg It's correct?
I’m taking pharmacology in 4 weeks and my professor breezes through these slides and barely answers question In a understandable way sooo thank you for helping!!!
Thank you so much for these valuable videos! I’ve been an RDH for 16+ yrs and have to take the WREB exam after relocation. This makes sense and is easy to remember👍🏼❤️
LOVE you guys!! Here is a contextual mnemonic that helps me - Lido ,,, Lil ones. Bupivi ,,, Big folks Not Lil ones. Mepivi ,,, May not need vaso const. Arti ,,, Art is Bi 🤣🤣😉😉🤗🤗. Hey I am scheduled to take the Board exam Dec 3 and 4. I retired in 2013 but miss the dental world SO much!! I want to show my sincerity about my desire to return by passing this big exam. If and when I do ,,, it will be because of you Dr Ryan and the fine folks of Mental Dental.
I remember the esters by a funny pneumonic I made up 😂; it’s weird but it gets the job done! ESTER: does COCAINE with BEN(zocaine), like a PRO(caine) TETRA(4) times a day. By the way, thank you for your video! It helped me so much!
THANKYOU THANKYOU THANKYOU FOR MAKING THIS VIDEOS! THIS IS SO HELPFUL. I’m in my last semester and still barely have any ide in dental antibiotic, I dont have friends to ask to explain it in detail, so thankyou please keep this thing up❤️
Thank you dr. Ryan! One question though: I might be wrong but articaine comes in 1.7 mg capsules, so the calculation for 4% articaine should be 68mg. If you calculated articaine just for the sake of showing us an example in the same vein, I apologize and totally appreciate the work
OMG!! If you have posted this 2 days ago :(.... Half of the exam questions were about this!.. you have Summerside the most important things in L.A great job
First of all i cant thank u enough for breaking down the topic and helping me overcome my greatest fears of the exam for 4 years Dr ryan please may u make a collective video of the trickiest questions ??
Hii Dr. Ryan. According to me the answer to your practice question is 1.8mg because epinephrine is a part of the total 100% solution which weighs 1800mg so I think the calculation would be done acc to the solution not according to LA which weighs 18mg.
Hello! It IS done according to the total solution, not the anesthetic. The anesthetic % is irrelevant to the epinephrine %. That is the beauty of the system I talk about in this video--it doesn't matter what component you are measuring. 100% of solution weighs 1800mg. 1% of the solution weighs 18mg. Epinephrine is not 100% or 1% though, it is 0.001% (or 1:100,000). That is how we get 0.018mg. Don't worry about having a hard time with this--you'll see a lot of other comments here from people with a similar question!
If you read further down in the comments he answers this. He says that the 2% refers to the amount of local anesthetic, it doesn't have to do with the amount of epi, so we still use 18
Hey everyone , i was taught 2iamine/1iEster as well until I came across a board question which was asking between articaine/dibucaine/pipercaine/ropicaine got me fazed, As you can see all 4 choices has 2is, answer was pipercaine as an ester , might be helpful memorize this particular local 😅 ta
the names of the amides have two letters i, those of the esters only one i Lidocaine (2 i) amides Bupivacaine (2 i) amides Benzocaine (1 i) esters Procaine (1 i) esters etc
Dr Rayan, i didn't find any vedios related to physiology and biochemistry.Aren't those necessary for Inbde? but i found questions in dental decks. Thanks in advance.
The simple way to remember Amid group (all of them have 2 letter i eg Lidocaine. See 2 i. Prilocaine. 2 i s and so on. For ester group the word(drug name) contain only one i. 😅
All the sources, I have read so far, including dental decks says that Aricane 'is the only amide metabolized In bloodstream not in liver' -dental decks indbe vol 1 page 41, can you please clarify.
Hello Dr Ryan, thank you so so much for making this amazing video for us. Can I have a question here? I read in the dentin book it said that mepivacaine has the shortest duration of action of all amides, and here you said that articaine has the shortest, so I feel confused now as I highly trust both the dentin book and your videos. So do you know why it is different here?
im confused as how 1:100,000 epi is 0.001% epi in 1.8g carpule. Is it not 1gram : 100000ml ? so we would have to convert first to mg instead of grams then calculate the percentage ?
That first calculation has nothing to do with the size of the carpule, but rather the concentration of the fluid contained within. 1:100,000 written as a fraction is 1/100,000. If you type that into a calculator, you get 0.00001 which is the same as 0.001%.
@@mentaldental I assumed that the 1:100,000 would need to be converted before calculating percentage, thank you for putting it in simple words for me math's isn't my strong suit
Dr Rayan, i didn't find any vedios related to physiology and biochemistry.Aren't those necessary for Inbde? but i found questions in dental decks.wiil you make vedios about these topics in future? Thanks in advance.
Hello Dr. Ryan. I am confused because in your video you say that Articaine has the shortest duration of anesthesia but I read in the ADA Dental Drug Handbook that the shortest duration are for Mepivacaine and Prilocaine. Could you please give me some light regarding this? Thank you very much for you excellent videos
Per the ADA: "Preventive, diagnostic and restorative dental treatment is safe throughout pregnancy. Local anesthetics with epinephrine (e.g., bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine) may be used during pregnancy."
Hi , thank you for breaking down the topic and make it more easy to understand. I have a question. If I study all the videos , is it enough for National exam?? Please answer. Thank you dr and all future dentist who answer my question
Hello! I definitely think my videos are the highest yield resource you can use to study. I also recommend using the Boards Mastery App for practice questions and getting the Mosby’s book that I link to in my video descriptions for studying and additional practice questions. Best of luck to you!
So it's 0.0225 bc 1.8ml/carpule x 1g/ml x 1000mg/1g = 1800mg Epi is 1:80,000, so 1800mg/80,000 = 0.0225 I accidentally thought it was 0.045, using 3600mg of lido--but somehow we're not supposed to use this lido percentage? Getting back to the question if the epi is 1:80,000 and max dose of epi is 0.2mg --> 0.2mg / 0.0225mg per carpule = about 9 carpules
Is this channel specific for future dentists or do they include things for dental hygienists? I am on my final year of hygiene school and I am looking for extra study material
In pharmacokinetics, so mepivacaine has the fastest onset due to its low pKa. Does it also mean it has the shortest duration? (If only compare to other LAs in this video) thank you for the amazing explanation!
Hi Megan! Generally that is true, but it is not one-to-one since they are distinct mechanisms of pharmacokinetics (onset vs. duration). Procaine has the shortest duration of action (around 30 minutes), followed by lidocaine, mepivacaine, and prilocaine, which have slightly longer durations of action (closer to 1 hour).
These videos are comprehensive for the pharmacology information covered on the INBDE, but I will be making an Oral Medicine series in the future that extends on some of the concepts here!
Yes, you are correct. Mepivicaine (and Prilocaine), especially without epinephrine, has the shortest duration of all of the anesthetics. www.dentalanesthesia.com/pdfs/LA_ADA_PainPosterFront.pdf
Hello Rayan. Hope u r doing great. Can u please help me in LA dose calculation. Lidocaine in deck says is 300 mg max and others 500 mg and we know we cAnt exceed max. Plz guide. Which dose chat is accurate And 2ndly if in calculation of cartirage comes 1.95. Do we chose 1 or we chose 2 cartirage ? Plz help !!!
@@spencerd.7502 Pharmacology is probably one of the most important sections to know for the INBDE honestly, so I would consider it one of the most tested.
![I.N "HALLUCINATION" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/n5B5q1Hwt_U/mqdefault.jpg)
Thanks for watching! For more high yield dental content, subscribe to Mental Dental today: ruclips.net/user/mentaldental
I remember amides by “MAPLE” like maple syrup:
M: Mepivacaine
A: Articaine
P: Priolocaine
L: Lidocaine
E: Etidocaine
+ Bupivacaine
Amide have 2 i and ester have single i
Maple syrup be BUSSIN
Amides have 2 or more "i" in their name and Esters only have 1"i".
I passed INBDE and Dr. Ryan was the biggest reason why! Thanks @mentaldental !
Congratulations dear
What was ur study material ?
Congrats!!! I'm still figuring out which study material I should use? any recommendations?
Tell us abt the exam plz
CONGRATS!
Congratulations! That's awesome!
Another way to remember the AMiDES is that they have an "i" and "caine" in the name and esters have only "caine" in their name.
That's awesome. Thanks for sharing that tip!
Nishat Dhillon
thnk ou
That’s exactly how I remember it
Double 'i' in amide and single 'i' in ester..
Right
Nice and easy calculation. I really suck at Math and I went to the boards with no clue of how to make this calculation. End up facing five L.A questions that required this calculation. Never underestimate L.A! You have no idea how many lives you are changing Dr. Ryan! Me, myself almost drop dentistry to study something else, bc I was having a hard time with the boards. You are a angel on Earth! Thank you, thank you, THANK YOU!!!
I passed part 2! A big thank you and many blessings to Dr. Ryan for his videos and guides! Mental Dental is a must!
Congrats!
Once again. Thank you for your work and clarity. Wish more professors were like you
Thank you Dr Ryan, Pharma has always been the part ive been struggling with; but watching ur videos makes yhese contenys a lot easier to understand and less confused.
So glad I can help you better understand pharmacology! 💪🏼🤩
Love you Ryan; thank you so much; I’ve been scared to take my boards for four years; and you are helping me a lot get ready to get over my fears.
That is so amazing to hear! All the best 😊
This is exactly what is happening with me ...took part one from 4 years and really afraid of part 2 ...thank u so much for helping me overcome my biggest of all fears ur are a great dr and person 🙏 can thank u enough
Its so helpful in clearing concepts. Thank you Ryan for your efforts.
Thank you Dr. Ryan you are an effective teacher. All the way from Philippines 🇵🇭 I want to express my gratitude in all of your videos! Thank you Mental Dental 🦷
You are very welcome! Thank you for the very kind comment! 🙏🏼☺️
Wow. Thank you for making these videos and sharing them with everyone! You've simplified so many convoluted lectures into concise, understandable key points! I think your videos are the best NBDE Part II prep out there and I'm so grateful to have found these videos when I did. (I FINALLY understand Radiology because of you haha.) You're super smart, an awesome teacher, and a true blessing!! Thanks again!
You're very welcome! Glad you like them 😊
I love the new mic! Really enjoying your videos. I have my exam in a week and you break the content down so well. I appreciate it.
Thanks for the feedback, I'm really happy with the microphone too! Best of luck studying, you'll do great.
Thanks!
Thank you very much for the Super Thanks!!! 🙏🏼😄
Dude you are the best, sharing is caring. I appreciate you 🙏🏻
And we appreciate you! 😁
Dr. Ryan thank you for your videos, they are very helpful for our preparation. I have a question about the calculation of anesthesia by carpule, it can be summarized that:
For 1% lidocaine= 18mg
For 2% lidocaine=36mg
For 3% mepivacaine=54mg
For 4% articaine=72mg
---------------------------
Epinephrine solution
1:100,000=0.018mg
1:200,000=0.009mg
1:50,000=0.036mg
It's correct?
Yes! This is a great summary of the information presented! 👏🏼💯
I’m taking pharmacology in 4 weeks and my professor breezes through these slides and barely answers question In a understandable way sooo thank you for helping!!!
Thank you so much for these valuable videos! I’ve been an RDH for 16+ yrs and have to take the WREB exam after relocation. This makes sense and is easy to remember👍🏼❤️
You are so welcome! You can do it! 🙌🏼💯
I wish I discovered this video earlier, wayyy simpler! thank you so much
best way to learn calculations ive ever seen
for easy defrenciacing between Amides and Ester types ; Amides are having the letter ( i ) before the part (Caine). Esters does not. :)
Loads of love Dr Ryan. Thank you for making dentistry easy😀
I just can say thank you very very much for all these helpful series.
By one word , you are amazing 😊😊😍😍😍
Thank you for your exceptional work and teaching.
You’re so welcome! 😁
LOVE you guys!! Here is a contextual mnemonic that helps me - Lido ,,, Lil ones. Bupivi ,,, Big folks Not Lil ones. Mepivi ,,, May not need vaso const. Arti ,,, Art is Bi 🤣🤣😉😉🤗🤗. Hey I am scheduled to take the Board exam Dec 3 and 4. I retired in 2013 but miss the dental world SO much!! I want to show my sincerity about my desire to return by passing this big exam. If and when I do ,,, it will be because of you Dr Ryan and the fine folks of Mental Dental.
I remember the esters by a funny pneumonic I made up 😂; it’s weird but it gets the job done!
ESTER: does COCAINE with BEN(zocaine), like a PRO(caine) TETRA(4) times a day.
By the way, thank you for your video! It helped me so much!
Hey, sometimes those are the best pneumonics! 😂 Thanks for sharing!
Thank you so much for your videos and your time!! Greetings from South America.
gosh Dr Ryan i love you so much thanks 🙏🏻
THANKYOU THANKYOU THANKYOU FOR MAKING THIS VIDEOS! THIS IS SO HELPFUL. I’m in my last semester and still barely have any ide in dental antibiotic, I dont have friends to ask to explain it in detail, so thankyou please keep this thing up❤️
Anothe easy way to remember is that Amides has two "i" while esters have have one "i"
#kenotes
thank you thank you thank you !!!
Thank you!!!
Thank you for the tips
Thank you dr. Ryan! One question though: I might be wrong but articaine comes in 1.7 mg capsules, so the calculation for 4% articaine should be 68mg.
If you calculated articaine just for the sake of showing us an example in the same vein, I apologize and totally appreciate the work
15:41 - Are you speaking about: pKa of the environment or the anesthetic?
OMG!! If you have posted this 2 days ago :(.... Half of the exam questions were about this!.. you have Summerside the most important things in L.A great job
how was the exam?? any tips? I have mine in a week and I am worried!
I hope your exam went well!!
Extremely helpful!!
Great video thank you so much for simplifying the subject ❤️
I love your videos!!!! Thank you very much for all you do to help us study!!!!
A small tip:
All am"i"de LAs have 2"i"s , except piperocaine, which is an ester LA.
Very useful & to the point. Thank you Dr
First of all i cant thank u enough for breaking down the topic and helping me overcome my greatest fears of the exam for 4 years Dr ryan please may u make a collective video of the trickiest questions ??
Hii Dr. Ryan. According to me the answer to your practice question is 1.8mg because epinephrine is a part of the total 100% solution which weighs 1800mg so I think the calculation would be done acc to the solution not according to LA which weighs 18mg.
Hello! It IS done according to the total solution, not the anesthetic. The anesthetic % is irrelevant to the epinephrine %. That is the beauty of the system I talk about in this video--it doesn't matter what component you are measuring. 100% of solution weighs 1800mg. 1% of the solution weighs 18mg. Epinephrine is not 100% or 1% though, it is 0.001% (or 1:100,000). That is how we get 0.018mg. Don't worry about having a hard time with this--you'll see a lot of other comments here from people with a similar question!
thank you so much for the explanation, its easy for me to understand it
Thank you so much Dr Ryan 🌸
hi DR ryan this still good for the actual examn 08/21 , again thanks for all the videos
Absolutely!
Thank you very much, Dr. Ryan.
All love and respect ❤
Dr .Ryan ., In example of 2%lidocaine , why we dont multiply 0.001 by 36 because of 2%mean 36 mg
If you read further down in the comments he answers this. He says that the 2% refers to the amount of local anesthetic, it doesn't have to do with the amount of epi, so we still use 18
Great video. Thank you
Thank you Dr
thank you so much!
Note : All amides contain 2 i in it.... simple
Hey everyone , i was taught 2iamine/1iEster as well until I came across a board question which was asking between articaine/dibucaine/pipercaine/ropicaine got me fazed, As you can see all 4 choices has 2is, answer was pipercaine as an ester , might be helpful memorize this particular local 😅 ta
Amide have the I. So if you see that all your amides have an I before the caine. Hope it helps
This really useful thank you ❤️❤️🙏🙏🙏
million like........thank yoy sooooo much
Ester is a professional (Procaine) so she can afford Cocaine, Tetrapack of Juice (Tetracaine) and a Mercedes Benz (Benzocaine).
the names of the amides have two letters i, those of the esters only one i
Lidocaine (2 i) amides
Bupivacaine (2 i) amides
Benzocaine (1 i) esters
Procaine (1 i) esters
etc
Dr Rayan, i didn't find any vedios related to physiology and biochemistry.Aren't those necessary for Inbde? but i found questions in dental decks. Thanks in advance.
thank you so much dr
Hello. Third year dental student here. Just wanted to ask, do you have any videos on extraoral techniques for anesthesia?
Great Videos!
Im a little confused with pka of the site and the effectiveness of the LA.
Is the local anaesthesia effective in acidic conditions or basic condition?
its effective in basic. but if theres an inflammation (which is acidic) then its less effective.
Great video!!!
Can you answer on my question please? There is a special type used for bad smoker?
The simple way to remember Amid group (all of them have 2 letter i eg Lidocaine. See 2 i. Prilocaine. 2 i s and so on. For ester group the word(drug name) contain only one i. 😅
Rayan is there anyway to have sample questions from board exam for this section please. Thanks
All the sources, I have read so far, including dental decks says that Aricane 'is the only amide metabolized In bloodstream not in liver' -dental decks indbe vol 1 page 41, can you please clarify.
Thank u so much 💐
Hi Dr. Ryan for the Q that u mentioned in toxicity slide. How many carpules? is the answer is about 20?
Hi what´s the exact meaning of "free base" in spanish, thx for all Doc
What’s the lidocaine without vasoconstrictor ? Brands
HELLO, you're doing a great job.
among Articaine and lidocaine which one acts faster?
Articaine has the faster onset of action!
Thank you very much.
hi doc is it right 11.1 the number of carpule for 0.2 mg epinphrine ?
Isn’t Marcaine usually used for oral surgery or root canal therapy? When I worked in oral surgery we usually used it.
it is in the video. It's bupivicaine.
To remember Amides you can use MALIBU prime
Hello Dr Ryan, thank you so so much for making this amazing video for us. Can I have a question here? I read in the dentin book it said that mepivacaine has the shortest duration of action of all amides, and here you said that articaine has the shortest, so I feel confused now as I highly trust both the dentin book and your videos. So do you know why it is different here?
im confused as how 1:100,000 epi is 0.001% epi in 1.8g carpule. Is it not 1gram : 100000ml ? so we would have to convert first to mg instead of grams then calculate the percentage ?
That first calculation has nothing to do with the size of the carpule, but rather the concentration of the fluid contained within. 1:100,000 written as a fraction is 1/100,000. If you type that into a calculator, you get 0.00001 which is the same as 0.001%.
@@mentaldental I assumed that the 1:100,000 would need to be converted before calculating percentage, thank you for putting it in simple words for me math's isn't my strong suit
Dr Rayan, i didn't find any vedios related to physiology and biochemistry.Aren't those necessary for Inbde? but i found questions in dental decks.wiil you make vedios about these topics in future? Thanks in advance.
Thanks for the question! These topics are covered in my Mental Dental Academy! 🧠🦷
@@mentaldental ok Dr,thanks :)
You're a beast!
‘I’ before “Caine” are amides
Does he has physiology lectures?
Hello Dr. Ryan. I am confused because in your video you say that Articaine has the shortest duration of anesthesia but I read in the ADA Dental Drug Handbook that the shortest duration are for Mepivacaine and Prilocaine.
Could you please give me some light regarding this?
Thank you very much for you excellent videos
Plz clarify about articain? Is it shortest acting?
What’s the safest anesthetic for pregnant women? Is there lidocaine without epi?
Per the ADA: "Preventive, diagnostic and restorative dental treatment is safe throughout pregnancy. Local anesthetics with epinephrine (e.g., bupivacaine, lidocaine, mepivacaine) may be used during pregnancy."
Hi , thank you for breaking down the topic and make it more easy to understand. I have a question. If I study all the videos , is it enough for National exam?? Please answer. Thank you dr and all future dentist who answer my question
Hello! I definitely think my videos are the highest yield resource you can use to study. I also recommend using the Boards Mastery App for practice questions and getting the Mosby’s book that I link to in my video descriptions for studying and additional practice questions. Best of luck to you!
@@mentaldental thank you Doc:)
another easy way to memorized: Amides (DOUBLE i) Esters (Just ONE i)
Another way to remember is Amides have two “I” while Esters only have one “I”.
Mepivicaine causes least vasoconstriction, ryt?????
bupivacaine or bupivicaine?
Question: A carpule of 2% of lidocaine solution with 1:80000 epinephrine would contain how much epinephrine in mg? Answer: 0.0225.....Am I correct?
So it's 0.0225 bc
1.8ml/carpule x 1g/ml x 1000mg/1g = 1800mg
Epi is 1:80,000, so
1800mg/80,000 = 0.0225
I accidentally thought it was 0.045, using 3600mg of lido--but somehow we're not supposed to use this lido percentage?
Getting back to the question if the epi is 1:80,000 and max dose of epi is 0.2mg -->
0.2mg / 0.0225mg per carpule = about 9 carpules
Are these videos only for dental students. Can medical student benefit from these
Absolutely! Medical students, pharmacology students, and many more watch my videos! 😊
Is this channel specific for future dentists or do they include things for dental hygienists? I am on my final year of hygiene school and I am looking for extra study material
It is designed mostly with dental students and dentists in mind, but is absolutely applicable to dental hygienists and assistants!
In pharmacokinetics, so mepivacaine has the fastest onset due to its low pKa. Does it also mean it has the shortest duration? (If only compare to other LAs in this video) thank you for the amazing explanation!
Hi Megan! Generally that is true, but it is not one-to-one since they are distinct mechanisms of pharmacokinetics (onset vs. duration). Procaine has the shortest duration of action (around 30 minutes), followed by lidocaine, mepivacaine, and prilocaine, which have slightly longer durations of action (closer to 1 hour).
@@mentaldentalthank you so much for the clarification 🙏! keep up the good work Dr.
hey. are you going to upload new videos for pharmac or these ones are enough for inbde?
These videos are comprehensive for the pharmacology information covered on the INBDE, but I will be making an Oral Medicine series in the future that extends on some of the concepts here!
@@mentaldental alright thank you so much! looking forward to it
I thought carbocaine was the shortest duration?
Yes, you are correct. Mepivicaine (and Prilocaine), especially without epinephrine, has the shortest duration of all of the anesthetics.
www.dentalanesthesia.com/pdfs/LA_ADA_PainPosterFront.pdf
and Carbocaine has the fastest onset?
y u dnt add something for diuretics ?
thanks
Hello Rayan. Hope u r doing great. Can u please help me in LA dose calculation. Lidocaine in deck says is 300 mg max and others 500 mg and we know we cAnt exceed max. Plz guide. Which dose chat is accurate And 2ndly if in calculation of cartirage comes 1.95. Do we chose 1 or we chose 2 cartirage ? Plz help !!!
I would go with 300mg for children and 500mg for adults. And always round up so 1.95 would be 2 carpules.
@@mentaldental Thank you so much for replying.
I sent $30 through pay pal. When can I expect the powerpoints? Thank you!
They have been sent to you 😊
Do you know if this is still the least tested topic for INBDE?
What do you mean by least tested? Local anesthetics come up all the time on the exam!
@@mentaldental I meant Pharmacology has a whole
@@spencerd.7502 Pharmacology is probably one of the most important sections to know for the INBDE honestly, so I would consider it one of the most tested.
wow thanks
You're most welcome!
Amides have two i’s in the names Esther’s don’t that’s what helped me