2011 Ford Edge, Hesitation, Misfire, Flashing CEL

This vehicle had extreme hesitation, misfiring, and low power, all due to a simple ignition problem. This diagnosis was heavily based around the test drive, and covers important methods used to identify causes of low power conditions. Techniques used throughout the troubleshooting include...
Ford's cylinder contribution test.
Using O2 sensors as a guide to misfire type.
Analyzing primary ignition waveforms.
Staying in the driver's seat.
Using freeze frame data to duplicate fault conditions.