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What is Ideology? | Louis Althusser | Keyword
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- Опубликовано: 24 ноя 2020
- In this episode, I explain Ideology according to Louis Althusser.
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I love your podcast and thank you for mentioning that Althusser was very problematic. Since the video was uploaded on November 25th, the International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women, we should remember his wife, the iconic sociologist and member of French resistance Hélène Rytmann, who he strangled to death.
For this crime, Althusser never faced jail time because considered insane (he went to an asylum for three years). He tried to defend himself (or better, his tarnished reputation) and wrote an autobiography which is really, really problematic, since he blamed the murder on the victim and depicted it as an act of ultimate love: "I killed a woman who was everything to me during a crisis of mental confusion, she who loved me to the point of wanting only to die because she could not continue living. And no doubt in my confusion and unconsciousness I 'did her this service,' which she did not try to prevent, but from which she died.."
This was supported also by some people in his circle, for example in Wikipedia it is reported that two friends of the couple, Guitton and Debray, said, "I sincerely think that he killed his wife out of love of her. It was a crime of mystical love" (Guitton) and Debray compared it to an altruistic suicide: "He suffocated her under a pillow to save her from the anguish that was suffocating him. A beautiful proof of love ... that one can save one's skin while sacrificing oneself for the other, only to take upon oneself all the pain of living".
Thank you for taking the time to do the work I should have done
@@TheoryPhilosophy you're welcome! 🥰
Sounds like weirdo, coward, and or he deliberately tried to sound insane. I wonder why really he did it.
@@YEET-yh6qc he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. He had to be put on every psychiatric therapy such as electroconvulsive therapy, narco-analysis, and psychoanalysis. He was pretty crazy.
@@YEET-yh6qc As any other man who commits femicide, he really did it just because she was a woman.
It’s hard to describe the quality of instruction and education you’ve provided me with, this feels like the least I can do. Thank you very much.
Wow thank you so much!!!!
Ideology is the gateway to community.
🔘 Ideology is composed of opinions.
🔘 Opinions are how we navigate who is like us and who may be against us.
🔘 To hold an opinion is to have membership in a community.
🔘 We select which communities we want to be a part of when we are free to do so.
🔘 opinions are what bonds us to others.
🔘 When we hold the same opinion, we call each other brother or comrade.
🔘 Solidarity depends on identity, and our identity is composed of our opinions.
🔘 Another word for opinion is belief.
🔘 Ideology must make us feel as though our lives have meaning and are therefore fulfilling.
🔘 After we join a group of fellow believers, we begin to absorb its values and its dogma.
🔘 We will act in accordance with the ideology of the group.
🔘 My family is a group, and I will obey them. Because I don't want to be blamed by them and thereby ejected from them.
🔘 If an external force attempts to dissuade us from acting in accordance with the ideology of our group, it will only strengthen our resolve.
🔘 We perceive our own identity, with our soul.
🔘 When we perceive that our identity is in sync with our favorite groups, we feel happy. This happiness is primary, even more important than economics. In fact if you choose economics over the membership in a group, the group will accuse you of being a sell out and exile you.
🔘 Before we act we do a gut check to determine if the action is congruent with our membership in a group.
🔘 opinions lead to beliefs, and beliefs lead us to seek out groups that adhere to those beliefs. Then we join the group, and the group pushes even more beliefs into our souls through the power of dogma. In order to create a group you need to create a dogma for that group 1st. What does the group believe. What is your opinion about various topics? Turn those opinions into beliefs, and write them up as the dogma of the group, perhaps in the form of a constitution. The dogma are the operating principles, or at least they determine them.
🔘 We behave in order to maximize our happiness. Nothing makes us happy as being part of a group. Look to your own life and tell the truth. When you are in a happy group, it's the most amazing feeling.
🔘 we act politically in order to be someone. Not just to get things. To have an identity and enjoy the feeling of group solidarity, we sacrifice.
🔘 we give up money, time, safety, and creative fire power in order to promote our opinions and the groups that embody them.
🔘 The best way to get your opinion out there is to form a group, because groups get listened to where individuals get ignored.
🔘 unlike an individual opinion, every group opinion comes with an unstated purpose, an action you can take: *JOIN US.*
I feel the same. From doubts to dogmas, from the individual to the group. And the glue is an ideology.
David! I'm currently panic-writing an undergrad thesis on '70s film theory, and I keep running into perfect, bite-sized videos of yours that explain all the relevant topics in a way that is both high-level and digestible. I love you, dude. Thank you!!!!😭😭
Thank you for leading with the exposition of his character so that one isn’t blindsided when digging deeper. The same should be done with all the problem Big Names such as Heidegger, Sartre, De Beauvoir, Foucault etc. We need to get into the habit of reminding people that the corpus/corpse dichotomy doesn’t mean the author gets a pass to have their infamy overshadowed by their works. These people shouldn’t be icons, merely citations.
Agreed. The world of ideas should be seperated from the world of people.
“Kneel down, move your lips in prayer, and you will believe.”
Appreciate how you break these ideas into easily digestible chunks. Often have a hard time synthesizing theory in my own head without lay interpretations in plain language. this channel is great. You help a lot :)
This genuinely helped so much. I was so lost in my Interpreting Politics class and this made me understand everything in a different way. I feel prepared to write my paper now.
Quite lucid, and illuminating for the students. The intention and zeal to explain, rather than to merely lecture, is clearly discernible. Good work 👍❤️
_The Truman Show_ is a good illustration of how Althusser's idea of ideology and state apparatuses play out in society through the "apparatuses" of the family, marriage, friendship, education, health care, transportation, work, travel, news media, television, broadcast radio, advertising, print media, etc.
Is that a movie ?
Excellent teaching, thanks much! One thing, I would pronounce interpellation as: inter - pellation, so it's not confused with "interpolation".
Omg what would I have done if I didn't find this video. It helped me so much during my studying. Thank you for your great explanation and examples!
oh my god i am so grateful for these videos!!!!! so much explained so clearly in 10 minutes!!!???? i take 2 hour long boring as hell lectures and understand nothing, thank god for youtube and your channel
this crazy feeling when you stumble accidently on the guy, you follow as a Podcast and you realize that the voice belongs to a face :D Keep up the work!
lmao
I needed this channel when I was in grad school! Badly!
Sounds alot like Gramsci's theory of cultural hegemony
great video. thanks
Well explained!
Kindly start a series on Slavoj Zizek.
you're my savior today!
thanks for the clear explanation!
love your video! sad I still didn't find your podcast???
Which work of Althusser’s would you recommend to hear more what he had to say about this topic? Loved this video and am very curious to learn more, since I’m guessing it probably has some ties to Zizek’s idea of ideology (a thinker who I’ve always found to be quite impenetrable without a really strong background in the thinkers he references and utilizes).
Dude's ripped well done man
Also great, lucid analysis of Althusser's concept of ideology
thank you so much, this was incredibly helpful
yeehaw another vid!!
Thank you so much! You're awesome.
I appreciate this channel. It's very educational. I'm a huge philosophy nerd, and these videos help me understand obscure philosophy books a lot better for my own philosophy videos on my channel.
Very informative, thankyou 😄
I haven't read any of Althusser's works but his idea as you stated in this Video seemed really close to Foucault view on discourse and power.
The ideas are pretty similar! However, the most important difference is that Althusser believes ideology is a result of the economic base. In this way, you can think of the economic base as the central component that influences everything. Foucault, on the other hand, does not believe in an economic base. That is, Foucault is against ideology as a concept that always subscribes to the material conditions. Instead, Foucault believes that discourses (ideologies) develop from their own specific locations rather than to benefit capitalism.
The Foucault's concept of the knowledge/power complex was influenced by Althusser's Ideol.State Apparatuses theory.
Specifically on the fact that school and therefore knowledge is being the field of human practice where the ruling class"transmits" its ideology and so ensures its repetition and sustainability.
This makes me think of meritocracy
were his ideas considered new? a lot of what you've described echoes gramsci
Althusser adds the concept of interpellation to Gramsci’s theory. This makes him more of a determinist compared to Gramsci and as a result, a bit more pessimistic about the concept of liberation which was kind of crucial for Gramsci’s project.
Thank you
awesome video
Interpellation.
In case you were wondering.
What criticisms can be made of his theory. I'm really struggling to think
got this off chatgpt -take that as you may
Critiques of louis althusser
Structuralism and Determinism: Critics argue that Althusser's theory tends to be overly structuralist and deterministic, focusing too much on the influence of structures and institutions while downplaying the agency of individuals. This approach can lead to an overly rigid view of social change and human action
Essentialism: Some critics argue that Althusser's theory of ideology tends to treat ideology as a unified and coherent system that serves the interests of the ruling class. This essentialist view might overlook the internal contradictions, conflicts, and diversity within ideologies themselves.
Gender and Intersectionality: Althusser's original work has been criticized for not adequately addressing issues of gender, race, and intersectionality. Critics argue that his focus on class struggle and ideological apparatuses does not fully account for the complexities of oppression based on multiple axes of identity.
Eurocentrism: Some critiques of Althusser's work highlight its Eurocentric bias, suggesting that his theories may not be as applicable to non-Western contexts and may not sufficiently account for the global dynamics of imperialism and colonialism.
Overemphasis on Reproduction: Critics contend that Althusser's focus on the reproduction of labor power and ideology can lead to an underestimation of the potential for social change and transformative actions that disrupt the existing order.
The Appeal to Science as an ideology?
So, in one sentence, what is ideology according to Althusser?
I'd say, "ideology is irreducible to one sentence"
Ideology as a tool to maintaining
Capitalism
Before>
The economic conditions what is called the base
Influenced the super structure
(religion education politics art
Dude killed his wife!? How the fuck did my lecturer not mention that?
complete facts
OR!... stay with me here... Althusser was wrong and people didn't pick up communism because they liked their work, found it meaningful, enjoyed the rewards from it and the social environment of it (met their friends at work). I know its a simpler explanation, but Occam's razor.
potentially, but, how many people do you know just take the simpler/safer option instead of having to think or challenge the norms? personally, thats most the people I know in fulltime office jobs.
Before starting the video, I read the pinned comment and it was such a turn off :/
well its the harsh real truth??
algorithm boost
You have nice voice :)
LOLOLOLOLOLOLOL
nothing
"hey let's redefine ideology to mean capitalism bad."
*yawn*
Is there anyway to block RUclips commenters because I've never seen anyone who is so conspicuously obnoxious as you are, and I'd like to do myself a favor
Yawn
@@Nathan-kr4xn this must be your first day on the internet.
Thats ok, don't worry nobody will separate you from your masters
I'm not sure you understand the video, the same is applicable to the soviet union an it's ideology. Maybe you think Althusser is a hard core Marxist or something ;)
Cheers!
@@OjoRojo40 the video barely explains anything