LEARN ABOUT THE FULANI PEOPLE | GET TO KNOW THE GAMBIA

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  • Опубликовано: 22 окт 2024

Комментарии • 194

  • @docjw8914
    @docjw8914 3 года назад +68

    I'm African American and found out I had Fulani ancestors, and Fulani cousins still in Guinea and Mali. Thanks for the info.

    • @kevinfowler8712
      @kevinfowler8712 3 года назад +3

      If you're African American the Fulani-stines (Philistines) sold your people the Israelites to the Greecians (Europeans) from the West Coast of Africa in Joel 3:1-7 kjv. Don't worry tho because Isaiah 11:11-16 says that we will get them back for what they did to us. Deuteronomy 23:31 says that Yah Our God gave The West Coast of Africa all the way over to the Red Sea which is the East Coast of Africa by saying this.
      Deuteronomy 23:31 And I will set your bounds from the Red Sea to the The Sea of The Fulani-stines (Philistines) etc. Shalom and blessings...

    • @docjw8914
      @docjw8914 3 года назад +23

      @@kevinfowler8712 I literally have cousins from the continent that I connected with via DNA. I speak with them. There were Fulani who were sold off like all the others. None of the West Africans were innocent in the slave trade. They all participated.

    • @mizzobjectiveone3819
      @mizzobjectiveone3819 2 года назад

      @@kevinfowler8712 You're a religious fanatic and very stupid. In Senegal and those surrounding areas, the Fulani fought against slavery and even banned people from trafficking slaves through their area; -Al Maamy Al Qadir. Many Peul because that is the name of the ethnic group of that area were targeted by Trarza Maures who lived in the Western corner of Southern Mauritania as well as the Mandinka. It may not be the case for the Fulani in Nigeria because they were heavily involved in the slave trade but you really can't conflate the histories of two different countries thousands of miles away. Furthermore, you are NOT Israelites, so get out of the delusion.

    • @hassanabdur-rahman1559
      @hassanabdur-rahman1559 2 года назад

      @@kevinfowler8712 get out of here with that ignorant foolishness. You ain't no damn Hebrew. You are a descendant of Africans.

    • @hassanabdur-rahman1559
      @hassanabdur-rahman1559 2 года назад

      @@docjw8914 don't pay attention to that ignorant guy. He is self delusional. That fool ain't no damn Hebrew. Fulanis are Africans.

  • @rvbberbandheart
    @rvbberbandheart Год назад +8

    I'm Afromexican and learning that I may be Fulani descent! They're one of the peoples who were trafficked to México through the Atlantic and Pacific ports.

  • @Zaha_z
    @Zaha_z 3 года назад +38

    Hello I’m Fulani from Sudan 🇸🇩

    • @aissatamuhammad2581
      @aissatamuhammad2581 2 года назад +1

      A jaraama!!! ❤

    • @faithvarner2402
      @faithvarner2402 2 года назад +3

      Hello Im American born with Fulani DNA. Just researching, i took a DNA test and did connect to a young man African born who was from the Fulani tribe. He was a doctor here in America, he didn't remain in touch, i couldn't get much history

    • @tygabarry345
      @tygabarry345 Год назад

      Just try to have contacts With some Fula u will get to know them more culture n how they live

    • @ouls6054
      @ouls6054 Год назад

      @@faithvarner2402 the dna of fulani doesn't say fulani its says north africa not fulani you are all lying

    • @rwconz_live2267
      @rwconz_live2267 6 месяцев назад

      @@ouls6054DNA of Fulani doesn’t just say North Africa guy.. It says West African and North African.

  • @momodoucamara7896
    @momodoucamara7896 Год назад +5

    Great 👌 bro I am a Mandingo but i like to know much about fulani people, because they have similar character with Mandingo like leaving or settling all over West Africa ❤

  • @Ismaelajallow
    @Ismaelajallow 2 года назад +7

    Am a fula from the Gambia 🇬🇲 but live in Sweden 🇸🇪.

  • @gannyelifetravel
    @gannyelifetravel Год назад +6

    Thank you for sharing your knowledge. I have learned that my ancestors were Yoruba and Falani. As a child my mother moved a lot. I often wondered why. I recently began to believe I'm a nomad because I love going places while living on the road.

  • @Sufi_Alchemy
    @Sufi_Alchemy Год назад +4

    Alhamdulillah brother. Correct history. Some ppl when they speak about Fulah they are not respectful thank you for being respectful. I'm fulah.

  • @alphabarrie8403
    @alphabarrie8403 2 года назад +16

    The Fulanies wear some of the people in nowa's ark. They were the ones who was tasked to look after some of the animals in the ark during the historic flood. Also when Moses cross the Nile, is the Fulanies they meet on the other side. Moreover, The Fulanies love of cattles was further strengthened in the ark. Note: The rulers of ezypt during the Pharonic era had a great respect for the Fulani people and therefore never enslaved them.

    • @ncbrothad
      @ncbrothad 2 года назад +2

      There was no Noah’s ark

    • @ACTHEMOGUL
      @ACTHEMOGUL Год назад +7

      then how was I born and raised in America ..as an African American my family was slaves .. Today I found out I am 99.7% Fulani .. I took an ancestry test.. someone enslaved us.

    • @omarbah4188
      @omarbah4188 Год назад +1

      @@ACTHEMOGUL 💥

    • @ThatBoySkinny
      @ThatBoySkinny Год назад +1

      ​@@ACTHEMOGUL he said they werent enslaved by egypcianus. That does not mean other groups could maybe responsible

    • @aishamaryanali6186
      @aishamaryanali6186 Год назад +1

      ❤❤❤

  • @Babytitok
    @Babytitok 3 года назад +13

    Proud fulani girl thanks

  • @vnonkwinn6233
    @vnonkwinn6233 Год назад +2

    It is all coming together now And it makes me feel whole again.

  • @SUETAY-1
    @SUETAY-1 3 года назад +8

    Its very good to learn about other ethnic groups. Makes it more easier to not only knor, but also to understand.how to live with each other and get along well.

  • @abubakarsadiq2143
    @abubakarsadiq2143 2 месяца назад +1

    Am fulani from Nigeria,Adamawa.❤🇳🇬

  • @Thatthing1234
    @Thatthing1234 2 года назад +5

    Fulani descendant from the Dominican Republic ✌️

  • @ryyanmanasseh8146
    @ryyanmanasseh8146 3 года назад +10

    So interesting mashallah, thanks so much for sharing

  • @alieudm3469
    @alieudm3469 2 года назад +4

    AM A JOLA..BUT AN SURE MUCH PROUD ABOUT THE FULAS...MY WIFE IS A FULA...TANX BRO..WE RE PROUD ABOUT YOU BRO...KEEP TEACHING THE PEOPLE...SOME LUNATICS DON"T KNW NOTHING ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE GAMBIA 🤩🤲🤲🙏🙏🙏💯

  • @DiamondNet2009
    @DiamondNet2009 Год назад +3

    This is wonderful! Thank-you so much! I learned of my Fulani roots this week!!🙌🏾🤎

  • @oritsegbubemidottie3236
    @oritsegbubemidottie3236 Год назад +2

    What a wonderful history of the Fulani 😊❤

  • @sumailasidibe3745
    @sumailasidibe3745 6 месяцев назад +1

    God bless all fulani across Africa ❤❤

  • @glohall754
    @glohall754 Год назад +2

    Very informative! I need to visit and learn more

  • @christianepyrenees2281
    @christianepyrenees2281 3 года назад +4

    Thanks for spreading about that culture👍🏼😊🙏

  • @moealidem6308
    @moealidem6308 3 года назад +12

    Thanks for talking about our beautiful ethnic group.

  • @jahifaraji
    @jahifaraji 2 года назад +3

    Good info just found out we are fulani hausa. Of North Nigeria. Hope to one day visit

  • @wecarecleanllcprisellagood1268
    @wecarecleanllcprisellagood1268 Год назад +1

    This was elighting🎉, i actually am going to marry a Fulani man, next year from Ghana

  • @Computer-v5e
    @Computer-v5e 5 дней назад

    I’m Fula from Sudan 🇸🇩

  • @TheSassiassi
    @TheSassiassi Год назад +1

    Thank you for sharing …. I just subscribed to your channel. Thank you !

  • @adambah484
    @adambah484 3 года назад +13

    Bro thank you for talking about your beautiful ethnic are ethic. To b honest i was waiting for you to do it because we are one of the best ethnic groups in Afrika and in the world.

  • @muctarbah1222
    @muctarbah1222 7 месяцев назад

    Thank you very much my Fulani Brother. You have enlighten my about my tribe. Now i can let my children get some understanding of who we are. They have asked many times but i couldn't give them the slightest understanding of the Fulani history/origin.

  • @alisis5224
    @alisis5224 Год назад +1

    As a fulani Senegal, futa origin is guinea. We spreader out in incient times during the great migration and became the Hindus, Chinese and started coming back. We were the educated and help lots of empires before eventually coming back to West Africa.
    Every senegambian fulani knows we are from guinea.
    Just like the moors/mandinka of Mauritian, Mali and senegambia, who left for the Islamic jihad, eventually came back to North Africa.
    Our elders are more knowledgeable than these so called outside educated historians because we still keeping lots of information about us that these foreign western thinkers so please build a relationship to our living ancestors who can give you more information.
    Serekounda was more were everyone met, they educated the family in jarrah.

  • @truthseekr
    @truthseekr 3 года назад +5

    Great information, my Brother. Please do the Jola at some future time. Thank you.

    • @HalatAfricaShow
      @HalatAfricaShow  3 года назад +1

      @Truthseeker, I will do the Jolas after the Wollofs.

    • @truthseekr
      @truthseekr 3 года назад

      @@HalatAfricaShow Much appreciated, Brother! Outstanding content and I happen to be moving to The Gambia soon.

  • @dewaynemartin6649
    @dewaynemartin6649 3 года назад +4

    Mashallah brother continue teaching us about ourselves. Was blessed to converse with fulani/morrocan royalty H.R.H Karen Chatman these past days. Maybe you can shed some insight on the path of that leanage.

  • @laminbah505
    @laminbah505 2 года назад +4

    I'm fulani from the gambia

  • @EarthQueen-1111
    @EarthQueen-1111 2 года назад +7

    I’m Fulani, Igbo and Wolof🥰

    • @nickelleraffaelle3529
      @nickelleraffaelle3529 2 года назад +1

      Wow really an interesting mix

    • @nnaemekanweke
      @nnaemekanweke 2 года назад +2

      Tell us about the igbo in your heredity.

    • @SLB_1982
      @SLB_1982 8 месяцев назад

      We have some of the same ancestry..I took a 23and me test and found out I am too Igbo 42.4% and 5.3 % wolof and fulani of senegambia and southern eastern African and 0.5 % north African and other ethnicities...I am African American born raised in Tennessee and I am adopted...I thought this admixture was rather unique and was wondering if you were African American and if you had any Caribbean ancestry because my results said i had Jamaican ancestry.

    • @maramediop9647
      @maramediop9647 2 месяца назад +1

      ​@@SLB_1982one of your ancestors might be fulani of senegal who moved in nigeria because wolof is only find in senegambia or mauritania. Senegal has no border with nigeria land of igbo

  • @baruchbobo9993
    @baruchbobo9993 3 месяца назад

    Very informative Blessings, ONE LOVE,!😂

  • @essaceesay3563
    @essaceesay3563 6 месяцев назад

    I'm from Gambia nice history⭐⭐🇬🇲

  • @papacheezie2838
    @papacheezie2838 3 года назад +3

    GRAND RISING FAMILY GREAT VIBRATION TRUE DAT 1LUV KNOW THYSELF AND THY CREATOR WITH IN MUCH RESPECT IRE
    GIVE THANX TOO THE MOST HIGH AND OUR ANCESTORS STORY 1LUV
    And this GREAT INSPIRATIONAL KNOWLEDGE OF OUR ANCESTORS STORY 1LUV
    BERMUDA IN DA HOUSE FAMILY GREAT VIBRATION 1LUV KNOW THYSELF!
    SHAQUAN IKEE!
    MUCH RESPECT!

  • @josephforster686
    @josephforster686 3 года назад +3

    Very intresting thanks for sharing

  • @tohwasworld3297
    @tohwasworld3297 3 года назад +4

    Excellent lesson brother 👏

  • @kwabenaselikemwiredu-okata6673
    @kwabenaselikemwiredu-okata6673 3 года назад +3

    Great Video am one of them but my Fula heritage is from Podor Senegal through my Father’s Paternal Great - Great grandfather side of the Family. But am originally from Ghana ..

  • @rahmanbojang9769
    @rahmanbojang9769 3 года назад +3

    Well put together!

  • @faithvarner2402
    @faithvarner2402 2 года назад +5

    American born DNA results shows various African ancestry groups. I have Wollof, Fulani , Nigerian, South African and Mandinka. During slavery in the states a lot of tribes mixed due to constantly being sold off and divided. So confusing to digest and wonder if these groups were enemies.

    • @VMitch-ng7tg
      @VMitch-ng7tg Год назад +4

      You named off nationalities with ethnic groups. For example, one can be both Fulani and Nigerian.

    • @fomalhauto
      @fomalhauto Год назад +1

      @@VMitch-ng7tg
      yeah
      I read that Nigeria has over 400 ethnic groups

    • @trinibagowaynecaribbean1611
      @trinibagowaynecaribbean1611 Год назад +3

      Nigerian isn't a ethnic group.

  • @MikaSowe
    @MikaSowe Год назад +1

    I am proud to be a pullo from guinea Conakry

    • @ad.1237
      @ad.1237 10 месяцев назад

      same

  • @عمرفلاتة-خ4ر
    @عمرفلاتة-خ4ر 2 года назад +1

    Thank you so much. We need to knowledge about the History.

  • @techrisemedia
    @techrisemedia 2 года назад +1

    amazing channel. glad I found this channel. thank you very much

  • @fatimjoeb8188
    @fatimjoeb8188 3 года назад +2

    Thanks Lama keep up the good work!

  • @abdulayba5680
    @abdulayba5680 Год назад

    Hello, I'm Fulani from Mauritania.

  • @aishamaryanali6186
    @aishamaryanali6186 Год назад +1

    I love a man of Gambia. A fula

  • @user-dd2tx5ou8p
    @user-dd2tx5ou8p 3 года назад +2

    Love my fulani brother

  • @anthonywest7583
    @anthonywest7583 Год назад

    VERY INFORMATIVE.

  • @pondofpurity
    @pondofpurity 2 года назад +1

    Excellent content !

  • @pjarju9943
    @pjarju9943 3 года назад +3

    Nuff respect bro

  • @Creoleboi80
    @Creoleboi80 2 года назад +3

    My origins are Fula of Guinea Bissau!

  • @ranellscoggins9632
    @ranellscoggins9632 2 года назад +1

    Please you had a video about the characteristics special characteristics of the Fulani where is that video ?

  • @MeeMee-pc6bv
    @MeeMee-pc6bv 3 года назад +3

    Great history 😍😍

  • @dovygoodguy1296
    @dovygoodguy1296 Месяц назад

    How do the various Fula subgroups in African regions interact with one another??

  • @dovygoodguy1296
    @dovygoodguy1296 Месяц назад

    Mysteriously the urban artisan professions of the Fula resemble exactly the ancient Jewish artisan professions in Egypt, Yemen, Iraq, Persia etc

  • @SaadyHussin
    @SaadyHussin Год назад

    ❤❤I'm Fulani From the Sudan❤❤❤

  • @sheriffmballow8533
    @sheriffmballow8533 3 года назад +2

    Great want my brother

  • @mr.e212
    @mr.e212 Год назад

    Thank you for this video.

  • @catherineprince5345
    @catherineprince5345 2 месяца назад

    Fulani descendant from US…..❤❤❤

  • @bubacarrjallow5041
    @bubacarrjallow5041 3 года назад +2

    Thanks nephew

  • @gomokollie8895
    @gomokollie8895 Год назад +1

    My People. In Liberia, we are called the Fula People🦁

  • @sarrahmedo6715
    @sarrahmedo6715 2 года назад +1

    My brother how are you how are you doing I'm from Senegal but what do you say about the fulani and Gambian

  • @Crescentcitygoddess
    @Crescentcitygoddess 2 года назад +3

    I just received my dna results and I’m Fulani (matrilineal).

  • @D-E-Raptor
    @D-E-Raptor 3 года назад +2

    Thank you.

  • @youdontknw1
    @youdontknw1 2 года назад +1

    mashallah

  • @yusefbarry7742
    @yusefbarry7742 Год назад +2

    There are Fulani’s in Ethiopia ? 🤔

  • @lamincham9742
    @lamincham9742 Год назад

    Very good bro

  • @adme10
    @adme10 11 месяцев назад +1

    I disagree with you that Fulani is the second largest tribe in the Gambia, In current time Fulani is the largest tribe in the Gambia

  • @AbdiqaniAhmed-h5x
    @AbdiqaniAhmed-h5x 3 месяца назад

    I’m Fulani from Somaliland

  • @SaadyHussin
    @SaadyHussin Год назад

    Thanks ❤❤

  • @malcolmking5023
    @malcolmking5023 Год назад +1

    Fula are thought to to be Black people featured herding cattle in North Afrakan cave paintings.

  • @alphabarrie8403
    @alphabarrie8403 3 года назад +1

    You don't have to. But weather you agree or not. Some of the people who helped prophet noha with the animals in the ark during the historical flood wear Fullanies. This historical facts will later be found in ezypt and the northern part of the Sahara.

  • @hondo2775
    @hondo2775 6 месяцев назад

    Brother I love your video but Islam was never spread by using any type of force .

  • @ZuZu-lh3dl
    @ZuZu-lh3dl 3 месяца назад

    ❤❤❤😊

  • @thesentinel9361
    @thesentinel9361 9 месяцев назад

    Hallo Morana,are the ,,Wodabe,pribe Fulani?

  • @ahmeddiallo3414
    @ahmeddiallo3414 3 года назад +1

    Nice woy

  • @nickelleraffaelle3529
    @nickelleraffaelle3529 2 года назад +2

    Where are fula’s from ?

  • @vnonkwinn6233
    @vnonkwinn6233 Год назад +1

    Us against the world. ( No contest )

  • @queenaraweelo5915
    @queenaraweelo5915 2 года назад +7

    Fulani arekushite people like Somalia Ethiopia

  • @sankungdrammeh5462
    @sankungdrammeh5462 Год назад

    🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲🇬🇲👍

  • @umaridris7061
    @umaridris7061 Год назад

    Word of correction, Islam was not spread by force in northern Nigeria, Islam was there since before the establishment of sokoto caliphate, all the Hausa kings then are Muslims.

    • @AliyuAhmad-jg5fo
      @AliyuAhmad-jg5fo 3 месяца назад

      Even the hausa kings are fulani especially kano sokoto and katsina

  • @aissatamuhammad2581
    @aissatamuhammad2581 2 года назад +1

    A jaraama!! Tanna alaa? ❤ Fulani (also Wolof) ancestry from 🇬🇲 & 🇬🇳
    Your sistah from America.

    • @HalatAfricaShow
      @HalatAfricaShow  2 года назад +1

      @Aissata Muhammeh, Jam tun. Yes we have a big Fulani community in the U.S A, especially in the New York metro area

  • @hassanharuna5640
    @hassanharuna5640 Год назад

    Nice, fulani have the hidden history that is why it's still no concrete identity for Fulani. Fulani are the real children of (yaqub Israel) in Egypt. When pharaoh had a dream of cattle and grain. During the hard time when there was no grain the Egyptian will exchange their cattle with the grain. And Yusuf a.s Josef, let his family to take control of the cattle this is how we begin to become nomadic. At the time of Musa ( Moses ) during exodus the Fulani brakeup to west Africa....

  • @isatousspace4007
    @isatousspace4007 3 года назад +1

    Yes

  • @gabrialjabril337
    @gabrialjabril337 2 года назад +1

    They are descendants of Ishmael

  • @jj_boy_jaw4263
    @jj_boy_jaw4263 2 года назад

    💯🤝🇬🇲

  • @brotherofzion
    @brotherofzion 2 года назад

    I’m Fulani 99%

  • @waleabdulhamid4522
    @waleabdulhamid4522 Год назад +1

    great job bro....more grease to your elbow.
    I like to point out some things I believe not to be accurate...
    for instance fulas weren't the first West African tribe to accept Islam that's absolutely wrong...
    the actual moment of Islam's penetration into west Africa isn't known for sure...
    there were mosques in kumbi-kumbi( city of double stone) capital of the wagadou (ghana)empire prior the attack from judala branch of sanhaja that laid the foundation of almoravid caliphate.
    after the collapse of wagadou tekrur existed in 1000s ruled by wa diaby was a Muslim and his state was an Islamic state...
    in the far Eastern end of west Africa (kanem)....al yaqubi tells us about the presence of Islam since 970s....
    hummay the first ruler from the seyfawa dynasty was a Muslim and dunama daibalami travelled to Makkah in the 1200s the hostel he constructed in Cairo for other pilgrims from kanem attests to this.
    about the hausa they had been Muslims at least for 600 years before the I8th/19th century fulbe(Fulani) jihads
    peacw

  • @jamesgradys3885
    @jamesgradys3885 Год назад +1

    Why are the Fulani attacking Nigerian people

  • @mljjarjubureh4183
    @mljjarjubureh4183 8 месяцев назад

    I AM THEIR FATHER,COUSIN AND FRIEND.HAHAHA!!!!!!!

  • @oumaraljouml4427
    @oumaraljouml4427 2 года назад

    Don't used word of Negero to Fullani you must know what mean this world, and what it mean please, thanks

  • @kahdijabarry7364
    @kahdijabarry7364 2 года назад +7

    Fulanis are not from the meadle East. Fulani came from the sahel. Fulanis are products of serer people mixed with berber people. So Fulanis are from the Senegal River. Not middle East.

    • @dominicjohnson310
      @dominicjohnson310 2 года назад

      Are the Serer people from Senegal or North Africa?

    • @ibrahimabah716
      @ibrahimabah716 2 года назад +3

      Go learn your history. Most Fulani have no connection to serer(Especially those in East Africa.) Fula in Senegal the only one who might have serer blood. This mixing came about due to conquest of serer people who lived in Fouta Toro.

    • @bapalorininya8128
      @bapalorininya8128 Год назад

      @@ibrahimabah716 no fulanis from east africa.
      Fulanis although speak a niger congo language their origins is west african but they are admixed with berber and moved around due to the pastoral nature
      Fula culture is varied due to adoption of culture of their hosts or groups they assimilate in,even their features aren't same due to moving and mixing..

  • @michaeldaniels5353
    @michaeldaniels5353 8 месяцев назад +1

    It's funny how everyone knows who the slaves were... And they know the derogatory names of the slaves... But won't mention their names... Or tribes...

  • @andujarpain2629
    @andujarpain2629 9 месяцев назад +1

    Fulanis are too big to be called a tribe. Fulani is a nation spread across six or more county borders.

  • @mahmudbarry7011
    @mahmudbarry7011 Год назад

    The Musical video you shared has nothing to do with our Fula culture.

  • @gibbiejallow970
    @gibbiejallow970 2 года назад +1

    Gynako not Ngynako

  • @Al-bf1no
    @Al-bf1no 4 месяца назад

    fula are frn futa toro not north afria or east

  • @general6283
    @general6283 Год назад +2

    Rubbish!! Your name Lamarana and you refer to your own people as Fulani? - we’re not Fulani, we’re Haalpular people - the word Fulani is a derogatory word. this is really sad. Whose books are you reading? This is the sort of narrative put out there by the usual suspects - Haalpular history is older than the history of Arabs and Barbers put together.
    For the record, Haalpular people have never converted to any religion. Haalpulars were founder members of all religions going back to Prophet Noah (pbuh)

    • @gettingbetter3116
      @gettingbetter3116 Год назад +2

      yes,we Haalpulaar are very non religious political,war like and come from a very ancient history .We follow our own system Paalaku ,roles and rules of behaviors

  • @70እንደርታ
    @70እንደርታ 2 года назад

    Their is no Fulani in Ethiopia

  • @jannoxw5656
    @jannoxw5656 3 года назад +6

    Fulani people are ethnically related to Somalis and Cushitic Africans

    • @modibosy9781
      @modibosy9781 3 года назад +5

      we originated from north african amazigh group

    • @evano5635
      @evano5635 3 года назад +2

      @@modibosy9781 no you don’t . 😂😂😂

    • @modibosy9781
      @modibosy9781 3 года назад +6

      @@evano5635 we are not related to somalis yes i do who are you to tell me

    • @evano5635
      @evano5635 3 года назад

      @@modibosy9781 Continue being delusional.

    • @modibosy9781
      @modibosy9781 3 года назад +1

      @@evano5635 who are you to tell me where i originated from here is the source stupid www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/fula_2/hd_fula_2.htm