You forgot to mention Jacob Kettler's possessions in Norway near Eidsvoll. Apparently Latvian-speaking peasants were resettled there, leaving traces in the local population and their dialect.
13:00 Note on the map. While English sources show the map as it is in video, those spots of lands that Courland encircled was actually part of Courland either guarantees of loan or promised to Duke of Courland and in 17th century they finally became returned to Duchy. 20:15 The reservoir in this map did not exist at that time - it appeared as a result of building Riga HES only in 1974.
Man... You are so messed up. You are proud of your ancestors being in near slavery. Each and every of these nobles was German or pole and latvians was nothing but peasants, that were used by these nobles to gain wealth. What exactly are you proud of?
@@sliktszens1764 Pirmkārt, nevajag būt rupjam, arī internetā, otrkārt, tu taču neesi bijis pat piedzimis tajos laikos, tiešām, lepoties par citu darbiem...!?
We love to say that Latvia technically had colonies. Well Jacob spoke latvian and maybe there were some latvians in the colonies, so might be some truth to that.
Inb4 self hating people start talking about "muh slaves". Ethnic Latvians, and Estonians didn't do anything with colonies we were old school serfs: No voting rights No land ownership rights Only taxes Basically indentured servants, like during black Americans in post slavery era south. I need to constantly remind that Latvians didn't regain their rights until Kiev congress and 19th century abolishment of serfdom in Russian Empire
@@SmellYaLatter There were no Junkers in Latvia. "600 years of slavery" is a myth, an insult to our ancestors, and will only do our people a disservice.
@@Janis6566))) its just geopolitics. Nothing to be ashamed of. When you are located between superpowers / empires. You are fucked. Fate of small states.
45:07 While Duchy of Courland most probably traded slaves from Africa, as it was the profitable commodity at that time, it might be a different picture in terms of using slaves in Tobago, as Latvians in Courland were not exactly on equal terms with ruling caste of Germans and from the times of Livonia they were serfs - not much different from slaves. Hence the reason why hundreds of them were sent to Tobago and perished. Most probably the mutiny on ship was because they had realization that they were sent to somewhere from where they would not return. That clearly does not add to narrative that is chosen, though it is understandable, that slavery(of Africans) is the modern equivalent of curriculum of any smart and young individual to be successful in society(unless his skin is deemed to be too white and gender is giving to much male vibe), but I would hold on putting Duchy of Courland into the African slave owner category. Most probably the failures in establishing colonies on Tobago are because they simply did things different from others and not used African slaves because they had access to their own source of slaves at home - and for free, unlike African slaves that would be very expensive to own. Also, it makes no sense to claim that lack of militarization was one of the reasons for demise of Duchy, as it was in neighbourhood of largest European countries, that weapons would not matter. From what I remember one of the most profitable comodities for trade, that Courland offered was food items, for which serfs were exploited. Only few of peasants were able to buy themselves out of serfdom at that time.
12:23 Some dork soviet archive manager just saw this medieval document that miraculasly survived to our day and ploped a triangular stamp along with pencil marks on the side....
Sweedish king was saved by Latvian peasant from Vidzeme who gave king his horse and stood between king and Reke (I do not remember withch one. Tiss was father and Matias was known as Devil Reke later marriing elizabeth fon Medem. If I recall it correctly.). So the peasant was granted freedom and land in Vidzeme from Sweedish King.
0:16 wasn’t called Russia yet, it was the Tsardom of Muscovy, if you where to ask a person from that time where is Russia, they would say that “Russia is bordered by Poland to the west, Lithuania and Livonia to the north, and *Muscovy* to the east”[1], and that it split under the dominion of the Polish and Lithuanian monarchy [1]diary of Ambrogio Contarini 1473
It is quite narrow setting of scene. It looks like a sloppy copy from wiki, though it could have been much better to set the scene by taking a look on bigger picture what was going on in Europe, where most of Europe was undergoing some kind of "European Union" process with Spanish Catholic king at the head of this "EU project", that at that time owned whole Europe - including Spanish Netherlands - not to mention that Spanish King at that time also owned most of the world. To be fair - official name of Livonia was Terra Mariana - it was *vassal state of Holy See* - in a direct subordination to Pope. And from this POV it was insulting that Popes vassal would become land of Protestants... and this is where the stage should have been set, as a result and total devastation of Livonia and even additional invasions by Muscovite raiding(!) forces comes into play. So in the end Livonia was destroyed(we do not know how much effort Vatican put in that result, but there is a suspicion that Vatican aided or supported invasion by Muscovites, who ignored Tatar invasion and continued(!) with invasion of Livonia, where in the end they were the only participants that had zero gains from this war(!)) and focus of Vatican from Terra Marianna "project" shifted to Respublica, where Lithuanian savage king(with Orthodox background) was offered hand and marriage and keys of Polish kingdom - after baptization of course.
Very fair critique. I’m happy to say I didn’t copy from a Wiki but I definitely could have a done a better job researching. This is a compilation of a series I made around three years ago and I have very much improved since then. If I ever revisit this topic (I hope I will) I would like to explore the dynamics you wrote about. Hope you have a great day!
@@schrodingersmoose To be fair this type of original look on this Livonian War and causes I found in the article of Russian historian, where it was not even main subject as it criticized modern Russian attitude on history(in the background of current war). However I find that there are still many blank spots of direct Papal involvement in Terra Marianna, and even the important ones, like Kaupo visit to Rome is only mentioned as a side note, so Protestant Livonia should have been a big deal to Pope, especially during the grand plans, hence the reason to cancel Livonia. But we probably won't know anything until the Vatican archives will become open to public, which might not happen at all.
Early baptisms of Lithuanian dukes were about as important as someone getting a library pass. To call Jogaila of "Orthodox background" would be on the same level as calling Mindaugas a faithful christian lol
@@SmellYaLatter My comment about "Orthodox background" was written from the POV of Catholics. I did not wrote that Mindaugas was faithful Christian. Frankly many leaders of Western Catholic Europe were not faithful Christians, so why there is a requirement for Lithuanians to be the ones? Also, we might not be on the same page of terminology - Catholicism has nothing to do with proper and right Christianity, but "universality" of Christianity - it is a faith for everyone. However, Orthodox Catholic Christianity is more about that faithfulness - it is still "universal"(Catholic) faith, but they are regarding themselves as most faithful to Christian teachings - hence the Orthodoxy in their name, as it is canonical Christianity, so there is nothing more faithhful than Orthodox Christian... not to mention that Catholicism with Pope in Vatican is really late stage derivation to Orthodox Christianity, because they could not retake Rome, that they lost to Barbarians. While I realize that there are even more moronic people that are pushing narrative, that Litvins were Belarusians, I called Lithuanians with Orthodox background, not because I agree with them, but because Lithuanian culture and common ties(and in early years on a closest kinship level) with other Rus are very close. Lithuanians were part of Baltic speaking Rus(including ancestors of Belarusians), when baptisation of Kiev happened - it does not matter what you think of how important that baptisation was, but it apparently heavily influenced Latvian and derived Lithuanian language for religious and related terminology.
Semigalia comes from baltic tribe's words ''zems''+''gals'', would mean ''lower end'' in meaning something like down-town, down-land, south-land, south-end...Not galls at all.
Some truth to what you say. Squabbles over land and power for the nobility with not a thought given to peasant. To be fair, this pretty much describes all of Europe in this time..
@bazinga-tt9pj Bulgarian here pal ,I think you are paranoid or something. Tell me isn't it a true what I said? Latvia is a new made up state and nationality,no earlier than 10th c. Why are you crying?
@@ElonMust-z7jA lot of "Bulgarians" concerned with Latvia lately... The concept of nationality did not exist in the 10th century, and Latvians and Latvia are more legitimate than your country.
By 16th century all the Courlanders were Letts and speaking Latvian. Majority of Curonians fled Courland in 13th century and joined Samogitia. According to Chronicles, for examle so called Pacified Courland had no men left, so these lands were populated - byt Letts, as for the rest of Courland - only "traitors"(according to Chronicle) stayed, like Curonian Konungs and rest of Courland was populated - by settled Letts. So, while indeed ancient Curonians were not Latgalians, Courlanders were Latvians - one of the major ethnicities formed in Livonia. So, do you like it or not, but Kurseniek, that splintered off from Latvians of Courland had "Latvian" y-dna N1a-L1025(it is Uralic and in Latvia the highest concentration is present among Latgalians).
@@ewfse364u35jh I am asking because I have never heard this before. I have heard that the Semigallian nobility fled after a final and conclusive defeat around the late 1280s, but I have not heard such claims about the Curonians.
To be precise, Kettler was a vasal of Lithuania. On the basis of the Treaty of Vilnius (28 November 1561), he created the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and after the Union of Lublin Duchy of Courland and Semigallia became a condominium of Poland and Lithuania. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Kettler
![Felix "Unfair" | [Stray Kids : SKZ-PLAYER]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Oswujxm2Ag0/mqdefault.jpg)
I'm a simple Lithuanian, when I see Latvia, I upvote! BrAAALUKS
@@CompassionAndSincerity 🇱🇻❤️🇱🇹
As a native Latvian I approve and applaud this is great :)
Excellent, relatively brief analysis, it is the first time I have seen something like that in English language. I do recommend it!
You forgot to mention Jacob Kettler's possessions in Norway near Eidsvoll. Apparently Latvian-speaking peasants were resettled there, leaving traces in the local population and their dialect.
Priekš manīm tas ir pārsteigums... Paldies par šito. 🌿🇱🇻
A history we won't get anywhere else. Thank you
I appreciate you using portraits where available. The trend towards AI is something that really annoys me!
13:00 Note on the map. While English sources show the map as it is in video, those spots of lands that Courland encircled was actually part of Courland either guarantees of loan or promised to Duke of Courland and in 17th century they finally became returned to Duchy.
20:15 The reservoir in this map did not exist at that time - it appeared as a result of building Riga HES only in 1974.
Having Dance of the Knights play for Mercantilism and then Ride of the Valkyries for Colonialism is just **Chef's Kiss**
As a Lithuanian it was nice learning about our fellows in the north!
As a Latvian this makes me proud👍keep up the good work🇱🇻🇱🇻🇱🇻
Man... You are so messed up. You are proud of your ancestors being in near slavery. Each and every of these nobles was German or pole and latvians was nothing but peasants, that were used by these nobles to gain wealth. What exactly are you proud of?
Proud of what
@@Jonjs99 par to ka iemacijam tiem pertikiem kas boss!
@@sliktszens1764 Pirmkārt, nevajag būt rupjam, arī internetā, otrkārt, tu taču neesi bijis pat piedzimis tajos laikos, tiešām, lepoties par citu darbiem...!?
In Poland we learn about it in school. Confederated lands were mentioned in the Constitution of May 3rd. But here it is more expanded.
Amazing and very educational video about the history of the region!!
We love to say that Latvia technically had colonies.
Well Jacob spoke latvian and maybe there were some latvians in the colonies, so might be some truth to that.
I'm a simple man
The Livonian order is mentioned? I'll like and subscribe
Gonna be an amazing watching material :)
Nice video! I think you should mention the modern names of the cities. Most dont know the old german names of these cities. Like Dorpat - Tartu!
That's a very good point. I'll make sure to do that in the future
@@schrodingersmoose You used Jelgava, while Duchy of Courland had Mitau instead.
as a Doblen Resident i can testify that noone here remembers Matiass fon der Reke
Fascinating stuff 👍
Nice vid
Inb4 self hating people start talking about "muh slaves".
Ethnic Latvians, and Estonians didn't do anything with colonies we were old school serfs:
No voting rights
No land ownership rights
Only taxes
Basically indentured servants, like during black Americans in post slavery era south.
I need to constantly remind that Latvians didn't regain their rights until Kiev congress and 19th century abolishment of serfdom in Russian Empire
The only self-hater to be found here is you.
@@Janis6566 someone's proud of their junkers heritage lol
@@SmellYaLatter There were no Junkers in Latvia. "600 years of slavery" is a myth, an insult to our ancestors, and will only do our people a disservice.
@@Janis6566))) its just geopolitics. Nothing to be ashamed of.
When you are located between superpowers / empires. You are fucked. Fate of small states.
Nice!
06:45 I'm very sorry to say but it is Serene Majesty
Heck yah!!
45:07 While Duchy of Courland most probably traded slaves from Africa, as it was the profitable commodity at that time, it might be a different picture in terms of using slaves in Tobago, as Latvians in Courland were not exactly on equal terms with ruling caste of Germans and from the times of Livonia they were serfs - not much different from slaves. Hence the reason why hundreds of them were sent to Tobago and perished. Most probably the mutiny on ship was because they had realization that they were sent to somewhere from where they would not return. That clearly does not add to narrative that is chosen, though it is understandable, that slavery(of Africans) is the modern equivalent of curriculum of any smart and young individual to be successful in society(unless his skin is deemed to be too white and gender is giving to much male vibe), but I would hold on putting Duchy of Courland into the African slave owner category. Most probably the failures in establishing colonies on Tobago are because they simply did things different from others and not used African slaves because they had access to their own source of slaves at home - and for free, unlike African slaves that would be very expensive to own. Also, it makes no sense to claim that lack of militarization was one of the reasons for demise of Duchy, as it was in neighbourhood of largest European countries, that weapons would not matter.
From what I remember one of the most profitable comodities for trade, that Courland offered was food items, for which serfs were exploited. Only few of peasants were able to buy themselves out of serfdom at that time.
Labs video! 👍
episode with Matias fon der Reke was more spicy thou as Matias secured his position with king of Poland directly.
12:23 Some dork soviet archive manager just saw this medieval document that miraculasly survived to our day and ploped a triangular stamp along with pencil marks on the side....
You missed a kettler
In fact you missed three
interesting
Would have been awesome if there was an african or carribean country who speaks latvian.
Trinidad & Tobago reportedly did a bit.. Now there are just some "lighter" bloodlines afaik..😅
Wasn't Courland a Germanic, rather than Latvian Baltic state though?
It had German upper class and colonists for royals. Otherwise majority of the ethnic makeup was what we today would call Latvian.
Sweedish king was saved by Latvian peasant from Vidzeme who gave king his horse and stood between king and Reke (I do not remember withch one. Tiss was father and Matias was known as Devil Reke later marriing elizabeth fon Medem. If I recall it correctly.). So the peasant was granted freedom and land in Vidzeme from Sweedish King.
0:16 wasn’t called Russia yet, it was the Tsardom of Muscovy, if you where to ask a person from that time where is Russia, they would say that “Russia is bordered by Poland to the west, Lithuania and Livonia to the north, and *Muscovy* to the east”[1], and that it split under the dominion of the Polish and Lithuanian monarchy
[1]diary of Ambrogio Contarini 1473
Latvia!!!!!!! We was Kings and sheiit
Hercogs Jēkabs -OG
It is quite narrow setting of scene. It looks like a sloppy copy from wiki, though it could have been much better to set the scene by taking a look on bigger picture what was going on in Europe, where most of Europe was undergoing some kind of "European Union" process with Spanish Catholic king at the head of this "EU project", that at that time owned whole Europe - including Spanish Netherlands - not to mention that Spanish King at that time also owned most of the world.
To be fair - official name of Livonia was Terra Mariana - it was *vassal state of Holy See* - in a direct subordination to Pope. And from this POV it was insulting that Popes vassal would become land of Protestants... and this is where the stage should have been set, as a result and total devastation of Livonia and even additional invasions by Muscovite raiding(!) forces comes into play. So in the end Livonia was destroyed(we do not know how much effort Vatican put in that result, but there is a suspicion that Vatican aided or supported invasion by Muscovites, who ignored Tatar invasion and continued(!) with invasion of Livonia, where in the end they were the only participants that had zero gains from this war(!)) and focus of Vatican from Terra Marianna "project" shifted to Respublica, where Lithuanian savage king(with Orthodox background) was offered hand and marriage and keys of Polish kingdom - after baptization of course.
Very fair critique. I’m happy to say I didn’t copy from a Wiki but I definitely could have a done a better job researching. This is a compilation of a series I made around three years ago and I have very much improved since then. If I ever revisit this topic (I hope I will) I would like to explore the dynamics you wrote about.
Hope you have a great day!
@@schrodingersmoose To be fair this type of original look on this Livonian War and causes I found in the article of Russian historian, where it was not even main subject as it criticized modern Russian attitude on history(in the background of current war). However I find that there are still many blank spots of direct Papal involvement in Terra Marianna, and even the important ones, like Kaupo visit to Rome is only mentioned as a side note, so Protestant Livonia should have been a big deal to Pope, especially during the grand plans, hence the reason to cancel Livonia. But we probably won't know anything until the Vatican archives will become open to public, which might not happen at all.
@@ewfse364u35jh If only we could have a look at those archives
Early baptisms of Lithuanian dukes were about as important as someone getting a library pass. To call Jogaila of "Orthodox background" would be on the same level as calling Mindaugas a faithful christian lol
@@SmellYaLatter My comment about "Orthodox background" was written from the POV of Catholics.
I did not wrote that Mindaugas was faithful Christian. Frankly many leaders of Western Catholic Europe were not faithful Christians, so why there is a requirement for Lithuanians to be the ones?
Also, we might not be on the same page of terminology - Catholicism has nothing to do with proper and right Christianity, but "universality" of Christianity - it is a faith for everyone. However, Orthodox Catholic Christianity is more about that faithfulness - it is still "universal"(Catholic) faith, but they are regarding themselves as most faithful to Christian teachings - hence the Orthodoxy in their name, as it is canonical Christianity, so there is nothing more faithhful than Orthodox Christian... not to mention that Catholicism with Pope in Vatican is really late stage derivation to Orthodox Christianity, because they could not retake Rome, that they lost to Barbarians.
While I realize that there are even more moronic people that are pushing narrative, that Litvins were Belarusians, I called Lithuanians with Orthodox background, not because I agree with them, but because Lithuanian culture and common ties(and in early years on a closest kinship level) with other Rus are very close. Lithuanians were part of Baltic speaking Rus(including ancestors of Belarusians), when baptisation of Kiev happened - it does not matter what you think of how important that baptisation was, but it apparently heavily influenced Latvian and derived Lithuanian language for religious and related terminology.
0:02 "semigalia" meaning half "Gallus" half not.
Semigalia comes from baltic tribe's words ''zems''+''gals'', would mean ''lower end'' in meaning something like down-town, down-land, south-land, south-end...Not galls at all.
Absurds ... Es esmu Letti -galls 🌿🇱🇻
Sweet standard schtick.
So a bunch of nobs squabbling over nothing & land.
Some truth to what you say. Squabbles over land and power for the nobility with not a thought given to peasant. To be fair, this pretty much describes all of Europe in this time..
Not so much about Latvia, but about German domination of Latvia.
Latvian Empire? ! 🤣🤣🤣
Latvian Empire 😂😂😂😂😂
Latvian is a new made up new nationality
Ruski bot spotted 🤡
@bazinga-tt9pj Bulgarian here pal ,I think you are paranoid or something.
Tell me isn't it a true what I said?
Latvia is a new made up state and nationality,no earlier than 10th c.
Why are you crying?
@@ElonMust-z7jA lot of "Bulgarians" concerned with Latvia lately...
The concept of nationality did not exist in the 10th century, and Latvians and Latvia are more legitimate than your country.
@Janis6566 😅😅😅😅😅😅😅😅
@@ElonMust-z7j Is that nervous laughter, or are those concealed tears?
Latvians are Latgalians and Couronians cant be latvians. Latgalians never worked on ships and never were sailors.
By 16th century all the Courlanders were Letts and speaking Latvian. Majority of Curonians fled Courland in 13th century and joined Samogitia. According to Chronicles, for examle so called Pacified Courland had no men left, so these lands were populated - byt Letts, as for the rest of Courland - only "traitors"(according to Chronicle) stayed, like Curonian Konungs and rest of Courland was populated - by settled Letts.
So, while indeed ancient Curonians were not Latgalians, Courlanders were Latvians - one of the major ethnicities formed in Livonia. So, do you like it or not, but Kurseniek, that splintered off from Latvians of Courland had "Latvian" y-dna N1a-L1025(it is Uralic and in Latvia the highest concentration is present among Latgalians).
@@ewfse364u35jh you are big idiot!
@@ewfse364u35jh Can you provide the full name of the chronicle that mentions Curonians fleeing to Samogitia?
@@ArmandsLasmanis-i1i Well, you did assert that Latvians are Latgalians.
@@ewfse364u35jh I am asking because I have never heard this before. I have heard that the Semigallian nobility fled after a final and conclusive defeat around the late 1280s, but I have not heard such claims about the Curonians.
To be precise, Kettler was a vasal of Lithuania. On the basis of the Treaty of Vilnius (28 November 1561), he created the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia as a vassal state of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and after the Union of Lublin Duchy of Courland and Semigallia became a condominium of Poland and Lithuania. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotthard_Kettler