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The Cerne Abbas Giant

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  • Опубликовано: 29 июн 2024
  • The Cerne Abbas Giant is a hill figure near the village of Cerne Abbas, in Dorset, England. It is currently owned by the National Trust, and listed as a scheduled monument of England. Measuring 55 metres (180 ft) in length, the hill figure depicts a bald, nude male with a prominent erection, holding his left hand out to the side and wielding a large club in his right hand. Like many other hill figures, the Cerne Giant is formed by shallow trenches cut into the turf and backfilled with chalk rubble.
    The origin and age of the figure are unclear, and archaeological evidence suggests that parts of it have been lost, altered or added, over time; the earliest written record dates to the late 17th century. Early antiquarians associated it, albeit on little evidence, with a Saxon deity, while other scholars sought to identify it with a Romano-British figure of Hercules (or some syncretisation of the two).[1] The lack of earlier descriptions,[2] along with information given to the 18th-century antiquarian John Hutchins, has led some scholars to conclude it dates from the 17th century. On the other hand, recent optically stimulated luminescence testing has suggested an origin between the years 700 CE and 1110 CE, possibly close to the 10th-century date of the founding of nearby Cerne Abbey.[3]
    Regardless of its age, the Cerne Abbas Giant has become an important part of local culture and folklore, which often associates it with fertility. It is one of England's best-known hill figures and is a visitor attraction in the region.
    The Cerne Giant is one of two major extant human hill figures in England, the other being the Long Man of Wilmington, near Wilmington, East Sussex, which is also a scheduled monument.
    Description
    Cerne Abbas Giant on an 1891 Ordnance Survey map (1:10,560)[4]
    The Giant is located just outside the small village of Cerne Abbas in Dorset, about 48 kilometres (30 mi) west of Bournemouth and 26 kilometres (16 mi) north of Weymouth. The figure depicts a naked man and is of colossal dimensions, being about 55 metres (180 ft) long and 51 metres (167 ft) across. It is cut into the steep, west-facing side of a hill known as Giant Hill[5] or Trendle Hill.[6][7] Atop the hill is another landmark, the Iron Age earthwork known as the "Trendle" or "Frying Pan".[8] The figure's outline is formed by trenches cut into the turf, about 0.6 metres (2 ft 0 in) deep, and filled-in with crushed chalk.[5] In his right hand, the giant hol club or baton-style weapon measuring 37 metres (121 ft) in length,[9] adding 11 metres (36 ft) to the total length of the figure.[10] A line across the waist has been suggested to represent a belt.[11] Writing in 1901 in the Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and Archaeological Society, Henry Colley March noted that: "The Cerne Giant presents five characteristics: (1) It is petrographic ... It is, therefore, a rock carving ... (2) It is colossal ... (3) It is nude. ... (4) It is ithyphallic ... (5) The Giant is clavigerous. It bears a weapon in its right hand."[12]
    A 1996 study found that some features have changed over time, concluding that the figure originally held a cloak over its extended left arm, and an object (possibly a severed head) beneath its left hand.[13] The former presence of a cloak was corroborated in 2008, when a team of archaeologists (using special equipment) determined that part of the figure had been lost; the cloak might have been a depiction of an animal skin.[14] In 1993 the National Trust gave the Giant a "nose job" after years of erosion had worn it away.[15][16]
    The Giant sports a notably vertical erection, some 11 metres (36 feet) long (nearly the length of its head), along with a visible scrotum and testicles ;[17] it has been called "Britain's most famous phallus".[18] One commentator noted that postcards of the Giant were the only indecent photographs that could be sent through the English Post Office.[19] However, this feature may also have been changed over time; based on a review of historical depictions, the Giant's current large erection has been identified as the result of the merging of a circle#giant (representing his navel) with a different, smaller penis during a 1908 re-cut, as the navel still appeared on a late-1890s picture postcard.[20] Lidar scans, conducted as part of the 2020 survey programme, have concluded that the phallus was added much later than the bulk of the figure, which was (probably) originally clothed.[21]
    The hill figure is most commonly known as the "Cerne Abbas Giant"[22][23][24][25] or the "Cerne Giant",[22][26] the latter being preferred by the National Trust; English Heritage and Dorset County Council call it simply "the Giant".[5][27] It has also been referred to as the "Old Man",[28] and occasionally, in recent years, as the "Rude Man" of Cerne.[29][30]
    #dji #countryside #giant #drone #male

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