Embryonic stem cells | Cells | MCAT | Khan Academy
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2009
- An overview of early development of a zygote to an embryo. Embryonic and somatic stem cells. Created by Sal Khan.
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Thank you for being! I'm an online and international health sciences student who can not afford to pay for premium memberships pf teaching websites and you really helped me with understanding the cell and DNA! You are a huge blessing for science and medical students! Please make more videos of biology and medicine courses. Thank you so much🙏💜
I passed physics in school with a score of 100 because of you
now I am a medical student and you're still saving me
thank you!
19:54 minutes and I'm a smarter and wiser human being. I love these videos and I love learning about these things in-depth.
I know you don't take sides, but I do. And now that I know more about it I feel more comfortable in my decision. Thank you.
PlatinumIvory, to bare, ownership.
Do you know your my hero? I watched your videos last year and they always helped me understand things I didn't get. This year i finally found your videos to the same criteria. Thank you so much!
Thank you Mr. Khan Academy guy. This is the first time I've seen your videos but I will continue watching because of it's clear and easy to understand information. This one 19 minute video helped me more then the couple hours I spent on the web trying to read "creditable" articles
Thank you so much for explaining such an uneasy topic in 20 mins in clear way! :)
You are great!
It will. That's why umbilical cords are kept as a supply of Embryonic Stem Cells. For the case of Adult/Somatic Stem Cells, bone marrow transplant requires the donor to be of close relation (perhaps within the family or family tree, the closer the better) to the recipient. This ensures a reduced rate of immune response against the transplant.
Right on the money. We had a guest speaker in university the other day - discussing the idea of stem cell research and their work. Apparently, they can't take an embryo beyond 14 days now. The boat's being pushed out further and as a race, we are losing the arms race with pathogens and disease. Although we get healthier, the pathogens are getting stronger and harder to deter, it's research I feel must continue
I love you! lol . I am currently doing a 5000 word essay on embryonic stem cells, so thank you so much!!!
no more debating! Thank you John B Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka!
Thanks for the great explanation. I havent' taken Biology for many years, and Now I understand the Stem Cell origin!
One comment /correction. At 7:30 he implied that all the embryos are viable and capable of becoming a fetus. This is not true. That is why they first test for trisomy or other genetic defects before implanting. Only about a third of all naturally conceived embryos goes on to form a human. You and I are in the lucky 30%. But the 'defective' embryos can STILL be used for stem cell research. Just because they cannot form a whole human being does not mean that they cannot form nerve cells, or pancreatic cells, or bone marrow cells, ...
I learned here more than I did in school
You make it so simple.
Great point Sal. Thanks! :)
@Shalek If you're suggesting that one of the sides could be obliterated by an unbiased presentation of the facts, then yes, I'd have to agree with you.
amazing vid i really want to get into stem cell research to help mankind!! keep it up !
You make this so much easier to understand and more interesting than my biology teacher. Thank you!
Thanks for the info about in vitro fertilization, that was new.
Always awesome explanations !! Love from portugal !!
Awesome way to refresh on a lecture i've attended on this before revisions. It's not a detailed as the syllabus i'm on, but still great. (: And i love it when you say 'hey, Sal' LOL!
Thank you for this video, the potential of embryonic stem cell research is truly inspiring. Hope we can make some progress towards it in the future.
Great stuff. Thanks!
Thank you for the great video! extremely educational and well taught.
I have a huge respect for Khan Academy, Sir I salute your contribution for free knowledge
Thank you so much for this video.
Hats off. I feel so indebted.
Very informative. Thank you very much
Interesting video, it will help me explain some concepts for my students.
Really helpful. Thanks.
Its ok man, you can say "abortion" without offending! Good video.
IllegalTacos speak for yourself
Tasmanian Devil grow up
@@jamesrenfrew9567 “Grow up”… how ironic for a pro choice advocate.
but this isn’t abortion
Science is science. People are gonna disagree with something. Frankly, I don't care which side either, these videos are not based on ethics. These videos are here to help us learn! So I'd like to thank you, Salman very much for taking the time to help us! I'm in second year health sciences at a University, and I have final exams coming up soon, and my biology exam in particular is tomorrow, so I have been watching a lot of your videos to help me study! Thank you again for all your help! :)
R7re
I'm up in ⁷r⁷
7r78rr8⁷r
⁷77rr8⁷r7r
7r77r7r7r7r7r7r77r7r7r7r7rrr7
Man this guy is a legend
Very nice video, all of my concepts are now crystal clear, thankyou.
Thanks man. You broke it down really good. If you was my teacher, I don't think I would want the class to come to an end. I would forger about lunch just to hear you teach. You are very exciting.
Who are you???
MAY GOD BLESS YOU!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! YOU ARE THE REASON FOR ME PASSING BIO
😊😊thank u so much
Blastocoele though :) Great video
People do and say what they believe in (from social perspective) and both may or may not be right about their opinions.
The only way to keep the world moving forward is to continue to debate and never give up on the issues they believe in.
thanks to khan academy
Thanks this vedio helped me get an A on my meiosis test!
DUDE YOU ROCK
Depends on how long you keep a line.
I always like to remember Blast as in Blastomere or Blastocyst or Blastula - as blast off like a rocket :) I need friends ......
Thank Khan. But, could you talk a little about how we turn fat cells into Embryonic stem cells?
I didn't wanna take any side of that debate but since you hinted your side, I like to hint that I believe no human has right to destroy another human life under any title or practical reason because every human being will value their own life more than any other lives, and that will be proven to be true when that person who destroys other's life is in danger of his or her very own life, even if it could be just hypothetical. One man's opinion respectfully. Thanks for the lectures.
We are introduced to the embryonic stem cell at 9:25
did you end up making a video on the development of the placenta? I can't find it
@walkerneo It's not even pro-life or pro-progress. I'd argue that since embryonic stem cell research will likely lead to breakthrough medical processes, then you'd actually save a more important life (a developed person's) instead of a life that's not sentient, not conscious, basically just as important as a bacterium. So it's more like pro-ignorance and pro-progress.
@WayeYoung its the same thing bro.its called and Blastocoel as well.both are correct
btw nice video
The process of utilising somatic cells to regress to a full pluripotent stem cell (embryonic stem cell) is called Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) ...
So theoretically yes,somatic cells can indeed also become a full organism if carried to term.
I say 'theoretically' there because although its completely possible there is both legislation that prevents it (in the case of humans this would be human cloning) and its also an extremely difficult process with a very high failure rate. Thus far no offspring that I know of in any papers or literature have been carried full terms to a viable clone. Many times the females body rejects the embryo and this will almost always happen if its not that very females own somatic stem cells that are regressed. Sometimes its the cell membrane that simply refuses to host the stem cells.
The uses of this are to generate lots and lots of embryonic stem cells which would be used in turn to offer gene therapy to patients with diseases where an individualized solution is required. A good example might be congenital heart defects. iPS cells are often times not good enough for this due to lack of plasticity.
I'm not sure what ethical considerations there are about this. Obviously if this was a human and the mother carried the fetus to term then the offspring would be her clone and would also therefore have no father, just a mother. There were of course also issues around telemeres at the ends of genes which seem to keep their original length from the somatic cell donar and therefore the offspring ages much faster than its donar. I think those have been solved, I dunno I'm nota biologist and I just tend to read a lot.
But one things for sure, we can't just listen to every tom, dick or harry with any ethical concerns which are based on things other than medical ethics. That'd be like giving a platform to a taxi driver on whether its a good idea to build spacecraft... Medical ethics is the concern of all of us but such ethics should be formed based on an 'informed' opinion of the procedure being discussed and not on anything else. Otherwise 'I just don't like it' becomes in and of itself an ethical concern.
What I don't get is that when concerns of an embryonic stem cell lines are pointed out then that line may be destroyed, or a court might order it to be destroyed, usually by incineration. Thats done usually becasue the donar is already pregnant with a child and the cells canot be used a second time anyway since they can't be frozen successfully. Now I'm not sure if 'incineration' is a viable way to allow a blastocyst to progress to an actual child... I've never heard of that working. So what objectors to this technology actually want is for a cell they see as being a child to be destroyed.... which I think is a little weird to say the least! Its a little like arguing that children are potential adults (which is true) and that a child life is sacrosanct (also true) and that the solution to children who are born severely mentally or physically disabled, too disabled to mature into an adult mentally, or they won't last until then.... would be to pop them all into the oven at birth.... I'm not too sure this is a good moral argument, well, I can immediately see a very large hole in this argument.
Mickelodian Su, opinion taken
Wow, not only is it that you tutor in math, but you also tutor in medical/biology science!?
Sorry to say!! But video on stem cells topic was made far more better than this video as it was included with a lot of material and was explained in much more Ideal manner, as I don't get as much information as I was expecting from this channel 😊
I believe the fight is over practicality vs morality.
Simply from the practical perspective, it seems to make total sense to use embryonic stem cells to do research.
From moral standpoint, it doesn't.
I believe many who are against embryonic stem cell research are also against IVF.
One more thing I like to add is that some things in life can not be judged by human intelligence and judgement.
read about cryopreservation before you act like an expert
"these words are actually unusually fun to say"
What is it with the people complaining about learning about stem cells?
Did they just come from Sunday school?
I have a question.
In experiments that exclude morality and ethics, can mutation occur if an embryo is replicated for generations, even if it is used?
And does transplantation of embryonic stem cells with genetic information from other individuals cause body abnormalities?
Creative Bioarray hopes that more people will participate in the study of embryonic stem cell cloning.
congrats on the baby, sorry i didnt know this years ago XD
It’s weird to think you are nine years older than that comment
@@tonyfunguson9073 I'm just glad it was a positive comment that younger me left.
@@SentientOrganism Yeah true bro
why can't we use those leftover embryonic cells through the process of in vitro fertilization for research?
we do
tokingcircle we do but it is very controversial
PROPER EDUCATION AND AWANESS FROM EXPERT CAN HELP TO HAVE PROPER OUTLOOK.
KNOWLEDGE ENLIGTHEN THE IGNORANT MINDS.
THANK YOU FOR SUCHE IN DETAIL LECTURE.
Dr Nongdamba Konje, you use "proper" ill use belief.
LOL! i know what the debate is about stem cell research now, nice..
thanks alot
Just a Q : Do the stem cells DUPLICATE or DIVIDE? im a little confused...
what are the main functions of embryonic stem cell ?
@Sitara04 both of them.the just follow the cell cycle.initially they dublicate and after the divide via mitosis.(Thats what i think)
some videos do not even need a dislike botton.
why would someone dislike this?
Only idiot people.
So our choice is either a new life or hope to heal other lives?
And just to make sure, we can't have both right (from the possible newborn that is)?
@TheYipedo I totally agree with you! But there is one thing; true, all sperm cells and egg cells have a potential, but there is a difference when the egg is fertilized! That's why masturbating guys and women having their periods are not called the "serial killer". But the women who have an abortion are said to do a wrong thing! Well, just some of my thoughts. I am becoming a scientist and I am not against embryonic sells researches, or, actually, even abortion.
Q: what keeps haploid cells from combining to create stem cells within the organism?
Roger Cathey, short answer creations creator.
Has he made any video's about how the baby is born?
A zygote cannot become a complete individual on their own either.
how do the embryonic stem cells know what specialized cells to turn into?
@infidelguy I agree but like the maker of this video, I really don't want to take a side on the issue. Having said that, and maybe this is different, many people do hold funerals for miscarriages. Now, whether that's your custom, and whether those miscarriages are 3 weeks or more than three weeks, that is another thing. Either way, those are touchy subjects... And sad no matter what camp you're in.
Great to see people enjoying this video- I really liked it!
Why not just use an adult stem cell? That is where the wonderful progress is.
Kahn, I can't find anything you have done on the amazingly successful adult stem cell break through. Do you have a video on that? If not why not?
How about in vitro fertilization, you just take one or two out? Instead of taking all those other ones out? Even if it doesn't work, you can try vitro fertilization again the next time around. At least that way your not wasting so many embryos.
pokemon blastoise
lol Thumbs Uo ^^^^^
Just a minute...
why don't you say that embryonic could lead to cancer?
and another great problem: ok you can take a culture of embryonic stem cells, but they're not autologous tissue so there will be an immune response against those cells.
Embryonic stem cells are good but they have an unlimitated potential of differentiation so they 're not safe.
With Somatic stem cells we can do many thing and you forget to speak about a new great reaserch: the ips cells: induced pluripotential stem cells!
I still don't think Pepsi should use it for better taste.
Jonldavis, WHAT?!!!!
Conciesness
I'd argue that Adult/Somatic stem cells are as good/better than embryonic.
Just do a little research into what's going on in regenerative medicine and you'll see what scientists are using and you'll see how minimal this area is.
Cell protein is all alocated
Well, that seems to have gotten you quite a bit of attention.
My point is it's always going to be a losing battle, for you at least.
You can't tell the doctors to "stop making so many embryos". They don't do it because they like to waste things. They do it to increase the chances of it working. Therefore, there's always going to leftovers. There's always going to be more leftovers than people willing to adopt.
That's why I keep telling you, you're being unreasonable as though you can tell nature how successful IVF must be through law.
Some moscula are food
That think
I want to know the no of embryonic stem cells
that can form a complete organs (complete human beings).
"just the process of freezing kills them and thawing them kills them again"
Great video, very informative!
Although, as a pro-lifer, I just thought I'd throw out that I do not believe that the zygote has the potential to become a human being, but I believe that the zygote IS (i.e. from conception) a human being.
I bet you think periods are humans too. Idiot.
Priceless Eternity, Absolutely the very start, new life in this world and after. Thankyou.
@@AmyStylinson that's not an intelligent comeback weren't you listening to the video or even understand what the person you replied to said? Priceless Eternity's comment stated that an embryo is a human life. Embryo.........😊
Embryology textbooks don't have an opinion on the philosophical worth of an embryo. Unless you're getting them from Texas or something. Do you basically think we should be legislating how successful nature makes IVF for you to say how many should be created?
If you think an embryo is equal to a human, then what do you suggest should be done with discarded embryos from IVF other than stem cell research?
Do you think the parents of the discarded embryos are monsters for not grieving over them?
They are "monsters" for not allowing a human life to develop and created naturally.
17:55 it kills them twice?
Lol "they have the potential of turning into a human being or the potential to save millions of lives."
Then get a ban on IVF as well while you're at it. There is no difference between an embryo used for research, and a spare embryo destroyed after IVF. Unless you WANT to argue there is a difference, thus invalidating your own argument that all embryos are equal to each other and to a fully developed human.
does meiosis leads to four haploid daughter cells?
Yes, 4 sperm cells in males and one egg plus 3 polar bodies in females
Sal, could you make a video on foetal development?
VOTE UP FOR SAL TO SEE... if ya want one too.
Our bodies are walking,talking blobs of cells. See RUclips video "Cells Simplified".
@TheYipedo To deny a soul just for the sake of killing your baby is a sad thing,This is the only reason to deny a soul,there is no other reason for this argument.To say a human being had a soul then to kill that baby or as you call it cells,becouse calling a baby this makes you people fell better about the whole thing, is sick.To destory the human miricle of recreation is sick soul or no soul.To not have any chance to even survive birth is sad and sick and imorral, soul or no soul.
He said that an embryo will save millions of lives. Is this true? Does one embryo have enough stem cells to save MILLIONS of lives?
So basically, you want to legislate how successful nature is with fertilization.
There is no malicious intent with any stage of the IVF, and to do research using the leftover embryos that would have otherwise been destroyed is obviously much more humane than succumbing to superstition and allowing them to go to waste.
Adult humans today donate organs upon death, so if you do believe an embryo is the same as an adult, you must allow for the choice they may have made.
interesting vid.. but please learn how to pronounce 'differentiation'...thanks.