Great video once again.I can't wait for the next one.But please don't stop at the naval battle and continue with the battles after that and especially the naval battle outside of Attica and the most important for me (as important as Navarino was) battle of Petra, 2 years after Navarino, that gave the borders of the first Greek state and ended the 9 year war for independence.Thank you for the good work you are doing and show us historical battles etc.
Hi Kings and Generals... This is a request from a fan and subscriber of your channel... Can you please make series on the War of the Spanish Succession. It's as interesting as the Italian Wars!!!
You should look on resources and make a video on the failure if the Egyptian monarch Ibrahim who came with army and fleet to fight against Greeks in Peloponnese focusing on his course after the defeat of the turkish-egyptian fleet in the battleship in Navarino!!! You will find that he ( Ibrahim) tried twice conquering Constantinople !!
I am a Greek Vlach (Aromanian) from the village of Samarina, Grevena, West Macedonia, Greece. My family name is mentioned in the siege of Messolonghi. 150 vollunteers from our village including my anchestors went to fight in the other side of Greece in a suicide attempt to help the defenders. Only 33 survived from 150. There is a folk song "children of Samarina" talking for this heroic event and now a film "exodus 1826".
I'd guess we're looking at the problem the wrong way. It's not the people that live there that cause civil strife and issues, it's the mountains themselves infecting the people to cause problems.
@@JohnSmith-tt3go You are absolutely right. The terrain shapes people and their mentality. Check the Greek landscape if you like. Rough, arid mountains and hundreds of rocky islands.This is the main reason for the isolation of Greek communities up to this day. And it is also the main reason behind the birth of Democracy which is actually the self ruling of a small independent community. That's why Greeks do not get along with each other On the other hand, this rough terrain builts rough people, which is why we have been surviving for so long.
The greatest painting for the siege of Messolonghi comes from Theodoros Vryzakis and it's called The Sortie of Messolonghi (1853). It depicts the heroic exodus of it's last defenders. The greatest poem of these events comes from one of the greatest Greek poets, Dionysios Solomos. It's called "The Free Besieged". A part of it goes: "A silence as prevalent as death reigns over the plains; a bird speaks, takes a seed, and the mother envies it. The famine blackened the eyes. The mother is swearing onto the eyes. The good soldier from Souli stands aside and cries: "Lone dark rifle, why do I hold you in the arm, for you are a burden to me and even the Muslim knows?" Meaning that the Greek mother envies the bird that has at least a seed to feed it's young. And that the Greek soldier can't even hold his rifle from the exhaustion and hunger. But that's not what is hurting his pride. It's that the Turk knows about this...
@@dorianphilotheates3769 it is inpired and references some other early events of the Greek Revolution but not by the famous (final) Siege of Messolonghi (1826) as the Hymn was actually written in 1823.
As a Maniot, thank you for mentioning the battles of Germa, Dyros, and Polyaravos. Great series! One thing to add, the architectural movement of Greek Revival was also the result of the War of Independence and Philhellenism. Public buildings such as Parliaments, Theatres, Universities, and Courts of Law were designed in that style as a tribute to the nation that gave drama, democracy, and logic, to name but a few.
@@socrabate It's normal that every big civilization in the world had some inspirations from older ones. That doesn't erase their own identity and significance. Also all civilizations changed since antiquity. However, there is one common thing between ancient and modern greek culture and that's their language.
After 6:45 I had to stop for almost an hour until I was able to continue watching. The horrifying descriptions with the powerful art and the emotional music hit me very hard. I was able to imagine myself in the city, in their shoes; running, terrified, trying to escape but knowing the terrible fate my sister and mother are going to have, knowing that my father and I will soon be dead. Kings and generals did a very good job. I feel so sorry for all the suffering the Greeks have gone through.
And the Turks of Tripoli had the same fate, because violence bred violence. And all this started because they increased the taxes on Christians many times, making it living unbearable so the people were forced to the mountains becoming "thieves" this led to the creation of warlords and a very firm emotion of self-governance. The "illuminated" Greeks from abroad used history and religion to bring nationalism to the people and at this point, the revolution MUST happen. Because not only life was unbearable because of taxes, but those taxes were collected by inferior people. The kids were being taught by priests how the few Greeks defeated Persia, the battle of Marathon, of Platea of Alexander the Great and Troy. My high school teachers used to tell us at the end of our 6th grade, probably last class that "In this room, people will become politicians, engineers, scientists, professors, teachers like me, you are the future of Hellas now". Imagine what a kid would've been told by a priest at 3am in the ruins of a church in hiding from the Turks (because it was illegal for christians to be educated) retelling these long-forgotten stories of Bravery Heroism and Martyrdom of their ancestors, probably something like "You will fight at the next Marathon, at the next Platea, you will be the ones sacking the next Persepolis, you will be the next freedom fighters who will liberate Hellas from the eastern invaders, the few you are the same as the few before you who did these things". You shouldn't be sad because of the sack of Missolonghi but proud that these people actually acted as their ancestors, they weren't only sad, hungry, tired of the siege, and afraid for their family but were also tearfully proud of their exodus, for them it was either Freedom or Death and long starvation for them was torture, they wouldn't survive any longer it was the only solution and they painted this Exodus with their blood. It was as important as Marathon and the Platea, this lead to the next Naval battle of Salamis (Battle of Navarino - in which not only foreign powers were involved, but a lot of Greeks and greek ships&gunboats). I might sound like a nationalist but I swear I am not, I am just empathetic like you. I can imagine these feelings of proudness our ancestors had and I might add the feeling of superiority they had, was shown on the battlefield on hundreds of occasions. But in my opinion, not because the race is superior but for the reason that Greeks were Rebels and the Ottoman army must've felt more like a mercenary one. That's why 2000 defeated 7000, or 300 capture a castle of 5000 garrison. And you must understand that the Turks deteriorated their position, for rebels in Greek mainland they executed and enslaved Christian population in Anatolia. Executed the patriarchate of Constantinople, literal retribution tactics the nazis did. So when the Ottoman army besieges your city, your chances back then would be if you're a man then you are already dead. And if you're a woman or a girl then your chances are either a slave or in a harem (basically sex slave) so your life is already ended as well. Those people fought to their last drop of blood for freedom and managed to live forever.
Can I ask what it was that inspired this series? There has also been a couple of very good books on Greece that released in the past 6-12 months. Bought both. One was a history by by Roderick Beaton called The Greeks, the other is The Greek Revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe by Mark Mazower.
I am a Greek person and I guess that since 2021 was the 200th year where we celebrate our uprising against the Turks and it is the biggest holiday here. Not counting Easter and Christmas of course.
The failed Egyptian-Ottoman alliance in Greece led to the Egyptian rebellion against the Ottomans in the 1830s. Mohamed Ali Pasha sent an army led by the same Ibrahim Pasha to invade Turkey, the Egyptians reached Anatolia, but the western powers had another say regarding a potential new caliphate and Sultan resides in Cairo rather than Istanbul. Waiting to watch episodes over that
@@djangomango9555 Most of these Egyptian Soldiers were musIim Albanians, and the Souliotes Arvanite Greeks. This war is basically christian and musIim Albanians fightning each other.
@@supermavro6072 This is entirely false. Mohamed Ali Pasha managed to recruit Egyptians into his army after he tried to organise troops included Albanians and Nubians/ Sudanese, but ultimately didn't achieve his purposes. They mostly weren't in obedience to his firm norms and achieved little successes. Egyptians formed the majority of the Egyptian army since the 1820s
@@YahiaTheGreat No they didn't what's your source ? and also there is no suchthing as Greek or Egyptian back then. These Mamluks were almost entirely made up Balkanite soldiers who were mostly musIims.
The Khedivate of Egypt was specialized in supressing revolts for Ottomans as happened during the Wahhabi War led by the Emirate of Diriyah in the inner Arabian Peninsula
Literally conquering as the Greeks in total war when this popped up, I guess you could say I’m fighting for their independence as well 😁. Thanks Kings you know I love the Greeks
@@denniscleary7580 mk1212 is much better for this. You retake Constantinople from the latins then fight the Greeks and turks. Mostly leave the Greek alone and focus on the turks then have 3 to 4 armies and use your allies like cicillia to flank the turks from the east then you take the west boom easy as that them you reconqueor the ere including italy and Tunisia
One correction to your video, the map displays the island of kythira south of the Peloponnese being under ottoman control. This is inaccurate as it was held in British control at this time and was held as a Venetian territory before.
You should have definitely also mentioned the battle of Lerna Mills, where 300 Greeks under Makriyannis and Ypsilantis stopped an Egyptian contingent numbering about 5,000 men who were marching for the capital, Nafplio, essentially saving it, along with most of eastern Peloponnese. That was the first defeat of Ibrahim and a more important one than the subsequent Mani defeat, because it showed that despite Ibrahim's intervention this was still a war that could last for years and its fate was still uncertain (even though yes the odds were not in favor of the Greeks). Had the capital been captured though, the Sultan could claim the Greek revolt to have been over, and that the Ottoman - Egyptian troops were just mopping up the remaining rebels. I cannot see how a later western intervention could have been deemed necessary or how it would be justified, had Nafplio and the eastern Peloponnese been captured by Ibrahim.
Athens was conquered and Western Peloponnese was entirely in Ibrahims hands. It was a matter of time until the revolution was crushed. Plus that Ibrahim was cleansing the entire population of Peloponnese.
@@torikeqi8710 Well not exactly. Ibrahim had sustained significant losses and his defeats at Nafplio and Mani show that he was not able to repeat his initial victories. Could Egypt afford to send more troops later on? Maybe, but we just do not know. Overall things were bleak for the Greeks sure, but don't forget that Ali's true aim was to completely shake off Ottoman suzerainty from Egypt and even overthrow the Sultan. Following the Greek revolution there were two Ottoman/ Egyptian wars. In the first one, the Egyptians annihilated the Ottoman armies several times and only stopped advancing after the western powers and Russia threatened intervention.
@@torikeqi8710From 1826 to 1827, lbrahim lost every single battle that gave against the Greeks: - Battle of Verga - Battle of Diros (Ibrahim was humiliated by women) - Battle of Polyaravos, and he never tried again to invade Mani - Battle of Mehmet Aga (18 July 1826), Ibrahim was defeated by the forces of Kolokotronis losing 300 of his cavalry. - Battle of the Great Cave. (24 June 1827). The greatest humiliation of Ibrahim, defeated and losing 600 men, by 100 monks of the monastery. - Battle of Kafkaria (26 and 27 August 1827). Defeat of Ibrahim nearby Kalavryta, and retreat of the Egyptian troops from the entire North Peloponnese.
You forgot to mention Constantinos Mavromichalis who was also one of the commanders in the battle of Lerna Mills. Mavromichalis family gave their all to the purpose, in almost all significant battles there was one Mavromichalis fighting.
@@monsteras90 There were several commanders with their men who took part in the battle. I mentioned only Ypsilantis who was the most senior general and Makriyannis whose actions that day essentially won the battle. But yes Constantinos Mavromichalis was also one of the leaders who fought valiantly there.
Hi. So.... 1. The picture that you used to portrey Kutahi, is in fact a picture of Ibrahim. 2. There are many stories of this 3rd siege of Mesoloνghi. Stories of what people did in order to survive the famine. Also of their will not to show the enemy how bad their situation was. 3. Just to mention the "exodus" from Mesolonghi took place in the early morning hours of Palm Sunday. 4. During the exodus, the people (especially the "civilian" population) was given clear instructions to remain silent. The babies were given alcohol in order to remain calm. During this silent move, at one point a man from one of the columns cried "Back! Back!". This initiated a panic and alarmed the Turks. Resulting in the disaster. 5. "Fire and Axe to those who have bowed their heads down!" (not sword). That was the moto that Kolokonis used to discourage Greeks from surendering to Ibrahim. And on occasions he put it into practice. During Ibrahims campaign, people had to chose between becoming muslims or death. As Kolokotronis himself writes in his memoirs, it was the only time during the whole revolution, that he got really scared that the revolution would fail.
@@rocketsmall4547 history class is a really big deal in Greek education system 😉 also people often use those quotes By the way about" 5 " it was fire and axe to " proskiniamenous " that can loosely translated to" those who fail at knees to worship " basically the ones begging on their knees
I suggest you make a video about Gregory Dikaios aka Papaflessas. He is an interesting figure of the Greek revolution. Larger than life character, cunning and resourceful (a modern era Ulysses) who died in a battle against Ibrahim. He deserves a mentioning.
In Mesology the Greeks knew that they were going to die when they decide to come out. All population agreed that they prefer to die than hold hostage by the ottomans! It was that heroic act that touched the Europeans..
As a greek it's the first time I hear about this British commanders they were never mentioned in any greek history book lord Byron from the other hand is very well known character in greece but if u ask a greek who was the commander of the Greeks in acropolis every one will answer georgios karaiskakis and Makrygiannis two heroes of the the greek war of independence
When i was in 6th grade i remember most of these names were included . The greek revolution was 1/3 of this book certainly , however it was the last year where this book was used. The new history book i think was smaller had given less importance to battles and more to european politics of the time. It is sad if they decide to not mention the heroes (especially philhelenes) from all these heroic battles.
Both sides were relatively modern. Greeks had guns and generals educated in modern warfare, the same as the egyptians. The entity of Egypt was also not modernized, but more around the surrounding of Alexandria. The army consisted of maybe a dozen of thousands of trained gunman, but that also has its limited effect, when we consider the supply lines and attrition, the egpytian army had to face.
@@justsefa1843 well of course they had guns I mean bows and arrows hadn't been a thing for at least a few centuries by then but the Egyptian army was a largely professional force trained by French veterans, officers of Napoleon's army.... the grannies on the other hand....not really...
@@moutsatsosa Relax man, it’s just a joke. K&G is well aware of why Byron supported Greek independence, they were just poking a bit of fun which they do often.
The Souliotes were an Eastern Orthodox community of the area of Souli, in greek historical region Epirus. They are known for their military prowess, their resistance to the local Ottoman Albanian ruler Ali Pasha, and their contribution to the Greek cause in the Greek War of Independence, under leaders such as Markos Botsaris and Kitsos Tzavelas. (Both call themselves greeks) The Souliotes established an autonomous confederation dominating a large number of neighbouring villages in the remote mountainous areas of Epirus, where they could successfully resist Ottoman rule. At the height of its power, in the second half of the 18th century, the community (also called "confederacy") is estimated to have consisted of up to 12,000 inhabitants in about 60 villages. The community was classified as Greek in the Ottoman system of social classification. They was speakin dialect based in Albanian with greek influence... they have influences from both nations Of course they wasn't typical Albanians ....
Whatever they might have been before the war(Paparregopoulos describes them as «Ἦσαν δὲ οἱ Σουλιῶται κρᾶμα Ἑλλήνων καὶ ἐξελληνισθέντων Ἀλβανῶν καὶ εἷς τῶν ἐπιφανεστέρων γόνων τοῦ συνοικεσίου τῶν δύο φυλῶν τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς 14ης ἑκατονταετηρίδος ἀρξαμένου καὶ τελουμένου μέχρι τῆς σήμερον...») one thing that is absolutely certain is that their modern descendants are definitely Greek(fanatically so) and the Tzavelaioi family has probably contributed more fighting men to all of Greece's wars than even the Maniot clans. A major methodological error people often make is trying to understand 18th or early 19th century affairs using 21st century "givens" as if they always have applied the same... because we're talking about a period that Albanian nationalism had been at best in its infancy and even Greek nationalism hadn't crystalized fully to its final form at the beginning of the 19th century it wasn't even seen as incompatible to be (Christian) Albanian and Greek silmutaneously that changed with the rise of Albanian and other Balkan nationalist movements in the latter half of the century.
@@syniikalter5319 everybody can become Greek,it's like the Americans ,all you need is to go to a Greek school ,be born in Greece and be a second generation and beyond and your greekification ,my younger cousin feels more Greek than Albanian even tho both of his parents are Albanians , xhavela bocari called the Albanians as his brothers in 1890,today Greeks say arvanitas and Albanians have nothing in comom even tho we literaly speak the same languege, it's like calling the Pontiac Greeks as Turks, but you see Turkey did not assimilate them , school was temporary In Greece after some time for all kinds because many did not understand Greek at all
@@aaravos29 true but i'd said at that time meaning 19 century. So you are saying Arvanite and Albanian is the Same language? Wow atleast you are real to yourself but how can you say nothing in comom if they have a language in comom ? I dont understand how Albanians living in Greek seem to Assimilate but Albanians in Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro dont and if you say that is because of arvanites being Orthodox then i need to ask you why are Albanians in Karakurt Ukraine Odessa oblast still speaking Albanian If they do share the same orthodox faith like Ukrainians?
Actually during the war of independence most Souliotes spoke Greek. Botsaris was only able to write his Grecoalbanian lexicon through the help of his bilingual elders
You should have given mesologgi one more minute. It wasn't just an exodus that happened and failed. The first wave of the soldiers around 1000 of them managed to get through The rest, half and half, died either on the pathway of the exodus and the other in the fort. Also the defenders when the ottomans came inside, put fire to the barrels filled with gunpowder. Your videos are great but the exodus, is more than just 3 sentences. And is actaully one of the key factors, that made other nation look towards Hellas. Great video, but that part was almsot disrespectfull to what you are doing, history videos, and the exodus. You made it sound as if the Hellenes got up, opened the door and charged with no planning.
For the greek history the siege of Mesolonghi is considered to be the ultimate sacrifice of our ancestors for the cause of the revolution. Additionally, the exodus was arranged to take place at Eastern Sunday, which is very symbolic for the orthodox faith. Last but not least the video does not cover the suffering that the people in the city sustained as in the last month(s) of the siege it is said that they were hunting for rats within the city to eat instead of surrendering. I consider the siege of Mesolonghi and the slaughter of Psara to be the most influcencial events in the greek revolution that got the attention of the upper class in western Europe and led to the intervention.
I am a proud descendant of the Dres Clan known as the Ndredes. My surname comes directly from the Clan Tselondre (ndre). We are situated in Kyparissia, Messinia and our villages are known as Soulimoxoria. Elders of the clan and our relatives are both from the Kolotronis family and Flessas. The Ndredes contribution to the Revolution is titanic. Thank You for your videos.
Glad to finally see another video on this war. I sure hope the last one isn't long in coming. Because I want to see how the naval battle mentioned in this video went. All I know is that the Ottoman's lost it. I don't know how. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Haven't watched the video yet. I am Greek and I have to say that the internal strife for leadership is the bane of our people. Everybody wants to rule at the slightest chance. At least we unite at the face of the common enemy. It's almost as if the City State logic never left us.
I'm from Serbia and I know a gentleman, who is descendant of Marko Botsaris' sister. She fled to Serbia during the war and married a local guy. According to family tradition she was a Greek.
You confuse Romaioi with Greeks. Romaioi were the ‘Citizens of the Eastern Roman Empire a.k.a’ Byzantines. Souliotes (Ethnic Orthodox Albanians) called themseleves Romaioi. They new Greek language because of the Church. But to make things easier in that response they say Greeks for others to understand since no one uses that notion anymore. Its the same as if she had said ‘Yugoslavian’ which had like 6 different nationalities. Marko Boçari made the first dictionary which he called Romaioi-Albanian dictionary. You can find it online. Its the brain wash they received after the War and the propaganda of the new Greek state.
Both sides of my family originally hail from the province of Aetolia (Missolonghi is its capital) deep in the wooded heartland of Central Greece. They participated in all three sieges at Missolonghi, and were among the few to survive the Great Siege and the heroic “Exodus”. After the town finally fell to the Ottomans in April 1826, my people eventually settled in the hill country of neighbouring Doris where we reside to this day. Each year, on the anniversary of the Exodus, the entire clan makes a pilgrimage to the Sacred City (as Missolonghi is known among all the Hellenes) to honour the sacrifice of our ancestors and pay homage to all those who fought and died for the cause of Greek freedom. 🇬🇷🌿🏛
My family originates from Mataragka,a relatively big village of the area. Part of my ancestors actually fought at the siege, survived and built my village.
Alexandros Mavrokordatos, president of the first National Assembly of Epidaurus, drew up and on January 15, 1822, issued the famous "Declaration of the Independence of the Greek Nation". He took care of the conclusion of the English loan for which he was severely accused, although the main purpose was achieved: "to blame, so to speak, England in the outbreak of the Greek revolution and to give occasion to the beginning of mutual relations " between Greece and England, as Mavrokordatos himself said in his instructions. A genious political move, he managed to take out a loan, even though Greece was not recognized as a state.
As for the Souliots, let's point out something. They always considered themeselves Romioi, and not "Albanians". They never had or claimed to have any "albanian" national identity, which by the way, was created much later during the late 19th century. The descendents of the Souliots are still alive nowdays and they have the sources and their families's archives which are proving beyond any doubt, that the Souliots never considered themselves being apart from the rest of the Greek people since the Orlov Uprising in 1770. If the Souliots consider themselves being a group outside of the greek world, then they would never partecipate with such fierce loyalty to the Greek Revolution and fought for the Greek cause. They could easily make their own agreement with the Ottomans and stay at Souli in peace, and out of a war that that wasn't theirs, or even could ally themselves with the Ottomans and being hired as mercenaries, like the actual albanian people did. But this didn't happen... The Souliots chose to fight at the side of the rest of the Greeks, in a war with a very uncertain outcome, sacrificing everything. And this is what makes them Greeks. Because when there is a choice to be made, when you had to choose sides, then the choise that you made, reveals who you really are...
@@akSeR2010 The language didn't mean anything back then about the national identity of the people. Take the Ottomans as example. Were they only Turks? Not of course. They were Turks, Albanians, Georgians, Bosnians, Persians, Armenians, Arabs, and a couple of dozens of other ethnicities. But they were all of them considered Turks.
@@akSeR2010 Romioi was the national identity of the Souliits, not any other. And no there never have been "Ottoman Greeks". Once converted to Islam they were losing any connection with their previous national identity and identified themeselves as Ottomans.
@@akSeR2010 yeah but souliots wore fustanellas which are a greek clothing which means fusta=skirt the fustanella is a demunitive of fusta so it would make sense for greeks to wear it
@@akSeR2010 i am not bothered but what you say isnt correct i have never heard that fustanella was and italian word but thanks for letting me know butf ustanella was a cloth that was wore by greeks and not albanians. greeks like maniotes and a lot of other greeks
souliotes were bilingual ,Christians that spoke Greek but the Toski south Albanian dialect also,some of the Greek population chose to adopt the toski dialect so as to avoid much pressure for the Ottomans
Cochrane was certainly a great captain, but in Greece he didn't fair well. He couldn't do much with what he had available. The Greek captains were much more familiar with the kind of war that was needed.
Greetings from 🇬🇷 . Its mesologhi not misologhi. From the italian mezzo (middle) and lago (lake). Its called so because its surrounded by a lake. The etymology is known since 1571.
Really another great episode of greek war of independence. It completely makes me understand how the war go on. Keep it going KnG. Thank you for your excellent video
Throughout Greek history, every fight against foreign powers has been preceded or followed by either an outright civil war or come damn near one. I always thought however that during the Greek revolution we truly outdid ourselves. The two sides fighting the civil war changed dramatically enough to be talking about pretty much 2 civil wars back to back and most importantly we did it WHILE at war, with a formidable new commander kicking our collective behinds. Having a long history allows for much greatness and as many (at least) disastrous, outright insane F ups. *edited a coma, a typo and a "much" (to "many") that survived changing the phrasing.
Can you make a video about Thucydides Trap? The term which describes the theory that when a great power's position as hegemon is threatened by an emerging power, there is a significant likelihood of war between the two powers. This is an important theory which the historian Thucydides developed during his witness accounts of the the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. It’s very relevant to modern day politics and the clash between US and China.
I cannot fully express my admiration for this channel: I’m a longtime subscriber, yet you never fail to impress with your unique content, thorough research, and exceptional presentation. Very well done indeed. Greetings from Greece!
most of high ranked Officers in the Egyptian Army were Albanians or Turkish but the one who built the Army with modern tactics was French ( Joseph Anthelme Sève or Süleyman Pasha )
@Vard X Shkja for a Slavs, other stupid Theories was for the word Shqip who pronounced Shkip in Albanian Kosovo dialect, this theorie give the idea which Shkja were the Albanian Christians (like me)..
Labelling Souliots as Albanians is wrong imo...Maybe some of them had albanian origin or whatever but after centuries of co-existing with Greek society they fully assimilated into it and in the years of the War they had fully Greek conscience...They fought for the Greek cause and died for it... It's like saying that Americans are English bc they speak English and many of them are of English descent.. Apart from this, excellent job as always!
Also even if it was mentioned the Siege of Acropolis for about a year by Kioutachi Pasha, it wasn't mentioned the reason of why the Siege continue for such a long period, and the reason was the victorious Campaign of the General Georgios Karaiskakis, (who is considered the 2nd greatest military leader of the Greek Revolution after Kolokotronis) in Rumelia, from August of 1826 to March of 1827, who after a series of victorious battles against Kioutachi Pasha's forces, especially the triumph in the Battle of Arachova (26 November 1826), in which Karaiskakis annihiliated a 2.200 strong Ottoman regiment, succeeded on cutting off Kioutachi, from his supply lines. Then Karaiskakis in a disastrous decision, was replaced by Church by the Greek Goverment, then he was killed, and the defeat at Analatos came as a result...
@Kings and Generals I mentioned that in your previous video, one or two months ago. You can ask the Souliotes themselves if they are separated from the Greeks, Souliotes are still in existence, they are not an ancient race lost centuries ago.
Who cares what they say today. Kico Botsari the father of Marco was a thiev, a servant at the castle of Ali Pasa. Marco Botsari was a typical Albanian klepht(thiev). Now their "descendad" can say what they like. Suljotis, Tzavella, Karaiskakis, Kondurioti, Bouboulina. Are all Arvanit, and being Arvanit, makes you Albanian, either you like it or not.
@@afrimlargimi16382 If Souliotes were Albanians then why did all the survivors who left the city go to Greek cities and villages while nobody went to the north to join other "Albanians"?
@@afrimlargimi16382 we do not care if they where of Albanian Orgin... we still love them and they loved us!!!..otherewise they wouldn't have sacrificed themselves for Greece.
KaG Just slipping the term "English Greekaboo Supreme" in an otherwise serious description of an otherwise serious event. This will guarantee that it will survive some sort of apocalyptic reset and become an important historical resource for the version of humanity that colonises the galaxy.
There is a mistake in the map. Your are insisting to use a wrong map of Ottoman Empire in 3rd video of the series. In early 1800's, Banat was not Ottoman land and Bogdan was a Ottoman vassal princapilaty as Wlachia. In the map Banat is Ottoman and Bogdan is not part.
@@marios911r5 It has never used Constantinopolis from Turks. It is named Konstantiniyye, Dersaadet, İslambol etc. and ''İstanbul'' is using since 1300's in Turkish. Other people keep call ''Constantinopolis'' it. In 1930's names of ''Constantinoples, Konstantiniyye'' and other names has become forbidden. It is İstanbul since 1300's for Turks and Turks keep call other names as ''Konstantiniyye, Dersaadet, Asitane, Dar-ül Hilafe etc. but not Constantinoples. I think this history lesson is enough to you. To sum up it is not important that how plebs like you calls cities. The important thing is offical name and ruling class as Turks. Istanbul has been a Turk sovereignty since 1453. Your cry is not going to change anything.
@@user-jf6yv8rj2s What conclusion do you want to draw? What are you trying to get to? Do you think I don't know what the old name of Istanbul means? Guys, you need to have a smarter discussion
Basically the fall of messolongi for the ottoman side was the equivalent of the " tet offensive" a military victory for the Egyptian/ ottomans but a diplomatic/propaganda catastrophe
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Great video once again.I can't wait for the next one.But please don't stop at the naval battle and continue with the battles after that and especially the naval battle outside of Attica and the most important for me (as important as Navarino was) battle of Petra, 2 years after Navarino, that gave the borders of the first Greek state and ended the 9 year war for independence.Thank you for the good work you are doing and show us historical battles etc.
Please continue the series on crime syndicates
Please make a video about the history of the Russian mafia and the Mexican cartel
Where do I find the first two videos?
Hi Kings and Generals... This is a request from a fan and subscriber of your channel... Can you please make series on the War of the Spanish Succession. It's as interesting as the Italian Wars!!!
You should look on resources and make a video on the failure if the Egyptian monarch Ibrahim who came with army and fleet to fight against Greeks in Peloponnese focusing on his course after the defeat of the turkish-egyptian fleet in the battleship in Navarino!!! You will find that he ( Ibrahim) tried twice conquering Constantinople !!
I am a Greek Vlach (Aromanian) from the village of Samarina, Grevena, West Macedonia, Greece. My family name is mentioned in the siege of Messolonghi. 150 vollunteers from our village including my anchestors went to fight in the other side of Greece in a suicide attempt to help the defenders. Only 33 survived from 150. There is a folk song "children of Samarina" talking for this heroic event and now a film "exodus 1826".
Long may they be remembered. Δοξα και τιμη.
SALUT!! Ce faci? How are you?
You can be proud of your ancestors
I can only imagine the pride
By the way that film is one of the few well made films about the period
@@VladVlad-ul1io I am good, how are you? But this is Romanian languange :P . Greek Aromanians say "tsi antar?" to say "how are you?".
So, even in the face of overwhelming odds, the Greeks could not put aside their differences to cooperate.
Very Balkan of them.
But if you think about it Romans and bizanium do kind of the same thing
I'd guess we're looking at the problem the wrong way. It's not the people that live there that cause civil strife and issues, it's the mountains themselves infecting the people to cause problems.
@@JohnSmith-tt3go You are absolutely right. The terrain shapes people and their mentality. Check the Greek landscape if you like. Rough, arid mountains and hundreds of rocky islands.This is the main reason for the isolation of Greek communities up to this day. And it is also the main reason behind the birth of Democracy which is actually the self ruling of a small independent community. That's why Greeks do not get along with each other On the other hand, this rough terrain builts rough people, which is why we have been surviving for so long.
it is what happens when there are power vacuums ... everywhere, not in Balkans only
That's probably one of the few things that connects as with our ancient counterparts 😄
I'm not Greek but I really love that you guys are shining a light on this overlooked period in history
Lol.
🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷🇬🇷
@@juzores1 what?
@@murder13love Probably Albanese
@@PhyrexJ likely!
The greatest painting for the siege of Messolonghi comes from Theodoros Vryzakis and it's called The Sortie of Messolonghi (1853). It depicts the heroic exodus of it's last defenders.
The greatest poem of these events comes from one of the greatest Greek poets, Dionysios Solomos. It's called "The Free Besieged". A part of it goes:
"A silence as prevalent as death reigns over the plains;
a bird speaks, takes a seed, and the mother envies it.
The famine blackened the eyes. The mother is swearing onto the eyes.
The good soldier from Souli stands aside and cries:
"Lone dark rifle, why do I hold you in the arm,
for you are a burden to me and even the Muslim knows?"
Meaning that the Greek mother envies the bird that has at least a seed to feed it's young. And that the Greek soldier can't even hold his rifle from the exhaustion and hunger. But that's not what is hurting his pride. It's that the Turk knows about this...
The Greek National Anthem itself, “Hymn to Freedom”, was inspired by the Siege of Messolonghi.
@@dorianphilotheates3769 it is inpired and references some other early events of the Greek Revolution but not by the famous (final) Siege of Messolonghi (1826) as the Hymn was actually written in 1823.
As a Maniot, thank you for mentioning the battles of Germa, Dyros, and Polyaravos. Great series! One thing to add, the architectural movement of Greek Revival was also the result of the War of Independence and Philhellenism. Public buildings such as Parliaments, Theatres, Universities, and Courts of Law were designed in that style as a tribute to the nation that gave drama, democracy, and logic, to name but a few.
heyy buddy i own a greek discord server if you want to join send me your account
That nation got everything from the developed near eastern civilisations, and it was a different one from yours today buddy!
@@socrabate you have more anti hellenic sentiment than a turkish and albanian
@@socrabate probably the dumbest thing i heard all week
@@socrabate It's normal that every big civilization in the world had some inspirations from older ones. That doesn't erase their own identity and significance.
Also all civilizations changed since antiquity. However, there is one common thing between ancient and modern greek culture and that's their language.
After 6:45 I had to stop for almost an hour until I was able to continue watching.
The horrifying descriptions with the powerful art and the emotional music hit me very hard. I was able to imagine myself in the city, in their shoes; running, terrified, trying to escape but knowing the terrible fate my sister and mother are going to have, knowing that my father and I will soon be dead.
Kings and generals did a very good job. I feel so sorry for all the suffering the Greeks have gone through.
And the Turks of Tripoli had the same fate, because violence bred violence. And all this started because they increased the taxes on Christians many times, making it living unbearable so the people were forced to the mountains becoming "thieves" this led to the creation of warlords and a very firm emotion of self-governance. The "illuminated" Greeks from abroad used history and religion to bring nationalism to the people and at this point, the revolution MUST happen. Because not only life was unbearable because of taxes, but those taxes were collected by inferior people. The kids were being taught by priests how the few Greeks defeated Persia, the battle of Marathon, of Platea of Alexander the Great and Troy. My high school teachers used to tell us at the end of our 6th grade, probably last class that "In this room, people will become politicians, engineers, scientists, professors, teachers like me, you are the future of Hellas now". Imagine what a kid would've been told by a priest at 3am in the ruins of a church in hiding from the Turks (because it was illegal for christians to be educated) retelling these long-forgotten stories of Bravery Heroism and Martyrdom of their ancestors, probably something like "You will fight at the next Marathon, at the next Platea, you will be the ones sacking the next Persepolis, you will be the next freedom fighters who will liberate Hellas from the eastern invaders, the few you are the same as the few before you who did these things". You shouldn't be sad because of the sack of Missolonghi but proud that these people actually acted as their ancestors, they weren't only sad, hungry, tired of the siege, and afraid for their family but were also tearfully proud of their exodus, for them it was either Freedom or Death and long starvation for them was torture, they wouldn't survive any longer it was the only solution and they painted this Exodus with their blood. It was as important as Marathon and the Platea, this lead to the next Naval battle of Salamis (Battle of Navarino - in which not only foreign powers were involved, but a lot of Greeks and greek ships&gunboats). I might sound like a nationalist but I swear I am not, I am just empathetic like you. I can imagine these feelings of proudness our ancestors had and I might add the feeling of superiority they had, was shown on the battlefield on hundreds of occasions. But in my opinion, not because the race is superior but for the reason that Greeks were Rebels and the Ottoman army must've felt more like a mercenary one. That's why 2000 defeated 7000, or 300 capture a castle of 5000 garrison.
And you must understand that the Turks deteriorated their position, for rebels in Greek mainland they executed and enslaved Christian population in Anatolia. Executed the patriarchate of Constantinople, literal retribution tactics the nazis did. So when the Ottoman army besieges your city, your chances back then would be if you're a man then you are already dead. And if you're a woman or a girl then your chances are either a slave or in a harem (basically sex slave) so your life is already ended as well. Those people fought to their last drop of blood for freedom and managed to live forever.
Can I ask what it was that inspired this series? There has also been a couple of very good books on Greece that released in the past 6-12 months. Bought both. One was a history by by Roderick Beaton called The Greeks, the other is The Greek Revolution: 1821 and the Making of Modern Europe by Mark Mazower.
The author is a greekaboo and kinda drilled a hole in my brain. That is an inspiration for you :-)
@@KingsandGenerals haha perfect, well glad you guys did this!
@@KingsandGenerals why did you completely ignore Karaiskakis throughout the whole video? He was a vary significant figure in the Siege of Acropolis.
There's another one released last year by Hatzis. Not sure if there's an English translation
I am a Greek person and I guess that since 2021 was the 200th year where we celebrate our uprising against the Turks and it is the biggest holiday here. Not counting Easter and Christmas of course.
Glad that you talked about battles in Mani and struggle of Kolo,many history book and videos ignored it,Thank you
The failed Egyptian-Ottoman alliance in Greece led to the Egyptian rebellion against the Ottomans in the 1830s. Mohamed Ali Pasha sent an army led by the same Ibrahim Pasha to invade Turkey, the Egyptians reached Anatolia, but the western powers had another say regarding a potential new caliphate and Sultan resides in Cairo rather than Istanbul. Waiting to watch episodes over that
Ali pasha Ibrahim pasha all those who rebelled against the Ottomans were ethnic Albanians. There were no Greek or Egyptians involved on this war.
@@supermavro6072 the soldiers where egyptian and mamluk TURKS!! Ibrahim pasha was a Albanien !! Only 5 people where Albanien!!
@@djangomango9555 Most of these Egyptian Soldiers were musIim Albanians, and the Souliotes Arvanite Greeks. This war is basically christian and musIim Albanians fightning each other.
@@supermavro6072
This is entirely false. Mohamed Ali Pasha managed to recruit Egyptians into his army after he tried to organise troops included Albanians and Nubians/ Sudanese, but ultimately didn't achieve his purposes. They mostly weren't in obedience to his firm norms and achieved little successes. Egyptians formed the majority of the Egyptian army since the 1820s
@@YahiaTheGreat No they didn't what's your source ? and also there is no suchthing as Greek or Egyptian back then. These Mamluks were almost entirely made up Balkanite soldiers who were mostly musIims.
The quality of kings and general video is superb and what a great time we can watch it for free. Thank you for such great videos.
The Khedivate of Egypt was specialized in supressing revolts for Ottomans as happened during the Wahhabi War led by the Emirate of Diriyah in the inner Arabian Peninsula
Because of common interests Egyptians ottomons being hanafites
Literally conquering as the Greeks in total war when this popped up, I guess you could say I’m fighting for their independence as well 😁. Thanks Kings you know I love the Greeks
The Greeks in which total war?
You don't have to mention a strategy game under every history video.
Thanks
@@usaisthebest9857 Rome total war remastered
@@balabanasireti Its called free speech, look it up.
@@denniscleary7580 mk1212 is much better for this. You retake Constantinople from the latins then fight the Greeks and turks. Mostly leave the Greek alone and focus on the turks then have 3 to 4 armies and use your allies like cicillia to flank the turks from the east then you take the west boom easy as that them you reconqueor the ere including italy and Tunisia
It really shows that you put a lot of work and attention to detail into this series, very commendable.
One correction to your video, the map displays the island of kythira south of the Peloponnese being under ottoman control. This is inaccurate as it was held in British control at this time and was held as a Venetian territory before.
Ibrahim: "Ok, I've almost won. I just need to land in Diros and surround the Maniot men"
Maniot women: "Hello there!"
You should have definitely also mentioned the battle of Lerna Mills, where 300 Greeks under Makriyannis and Ypsilantis stopped an Egyptian contingent numbering about 5,000 men who were marching for the capital, Nafplio, essentially saving it, along with most of eastern Peloponnese.
That was the first defeat of Ibrahim and a more important one than the subsequent Mani defeat, because it showed that despite Ibrahim's intervention this was still a war that could last for years and its fate was still uncertain (even though yes the odds were not in favor of the Greeks).
Had the capital been captured though, the Sultan could claim the Greek revolt to have been over, and that the Ottoman - Egyptian troops were just mopping up the remaining rebels. I cannot see how a later western intervention could have been deemed necessary or how it would be justified, had Nafplio and the eastern Peloponnese been captured by Ibrahim.
Athens was conquered and Western Peloponnese was entirely in Ibrahims hands.
It was a matter of time until the revolution was crushed.
Plus that Ibrahim was cleansing the entire population of Peloponnese.
@@torikeqi8710 Well not exactly. Ibrahim had sustained significant losses and his defeats at Nafplio and Mani show that he was not able to repeat his initial victories.
Could Egypt afford to send more troops later on? Maybe, but we just do not know.
Overall things were bleak for the Greeks sure, but don't forget that Ali's true aim was to completely shake off Ottoman suzerainty from Egypt and even overthrow the Sultan.
Following the Greek revolution there were two Ottoman/ Egyptian wars. In the first one, the Egyptians annihilated the Ottoman armies several times and only stopped advancing after the western powers and Russia threatened intervention.
@@torikeqi8710From 1826 to 1827, lbrahim lost every single battle that gave against the Greeks:
- Battle of Verga
- Battle of Diros (Ibrahim was humiliated by women)
- Battle of Polyaravos, and he never tried again to invade Mani
- Battle of Mehmet Aga (18 July 1826), Ibrahim was defeated by the forces of Kolokotronis losing 300 of his cavalry.
- Battle of the Great Cave. (24 June 1827). The greatest humiliation of Ibrahim, defeated and losing 600 men, by 100 monks of the monastery.
- Battle of Kafkaria (26 and 27 August 1827). Defeat of Ibrahim nearby Kalavryta, and retreat of the Egyptian troops from the entire North Peloponnese.
You forgot to mention Constantinos Mavromichalis who was also one of the commanders in the battle of Lerna Mills. Mavromichalis family gave their all to the purpose, in almost all significant battles there was one Mavromichalis fighting.
@@monsteras90 There were several commanders with their men who took part in the battle. I mentioned only Ypsilantis who was the most senior general and Makriyannis whose actions that day essentially won the battle. But yes Constantinos Mavromichalis was also one of the leaders who fought valiantly there.
Hi. So....
1. The picture that you used to portrey Kutahi, is in fact a picture of Ibrahim.
2. There are many stories of this 3rd siege of Mesoloνghi. Stories of what people did in order to survive the famine. Also of their will not to show the enemy how bad their situation was.
3. Just to mention the "exodus" from Mesolonghi took place in the early morning hours of Palm Sunday.
4. During the exodus, the people (especially the "civilian" population) was given clear instructions to remain silent. The babies were given alcohol in order to remain calm. During this silent move, at one point a man from one of the columns cried "Back! Back!". This initiated a panic and alarmed the Turks. Resulting in the disaster.
5. "Fire and Axe to those who have bowed their heads down!" (not sword). That was the moto that Kolokonis used to discourage Greeks from surendering to Ibrahim. And on occasions he put it into practice. During Ibrahims campaign, people had to chose between becoming muslims or death. As Kolokotronis himself writes in his memoirs, it was the only time during the whole revolution, that he got really scared that the revolution would fail.
who the f. actually knows thism what r u. some sort of historical dude?
@@rocketsmall4547 history class is a really big deal in Greek education system 😉 also people often use those quotes
By the way about" 5 " it was fire and axe to " proskiniamenous " that can loosely translated to" those who fail at knees to worship " basically the ones begging on their knees
I suggest you make a video about Gregory Dikaios aka Papaflessas. He is an interesting figure of the Greek revolution. Larger than life character, cunning and resourceful (a modern era Ulysses) who died in a battle against Ibrahim. He deserves a mentioning.
Nice! Thank you again kings and general for this video. We appreciate it. Love the series!!
In Mesology the Greeks knew that they were going to die when they decide to come out. All population agreed that they prefer to die than hold hostage by the ottomans! It was that heroic act that touched the Europeans..
Perfect video!! Please make some videos about the Balkan wars in the future.
Balkan wars? Man just read the comments after you announce your background. I’m going to get it started,GREEK!🤣
Kosovo is Albania!
@@gjergjaurelius9798 Are you a muslim?
As a greek it's the first time I hear about this British commanders they were never mentioned in any greek history book lord Byron from the other hand is very well known character in greece but if u ask a greek who was the commander of the Greeks in acropolis every one will answer georgios karaiskakis and Makrygiannis two heroes of the the greek war of independence
When i was in 6th grade i remember most of these names were included . The greek revolution was 1/3 of this book certainly , however it was the last year where this book was used. The new history book i think was smaller had given less importance to battles and more to european politics of the time. It is sad if they decide to not mention the heroes (especially philhelenes) from all these heroic battles.
Amazing work as always !!! So detailed ! I love it and i also learned a lot of new things too!
This series is great. Keep it up.
Who would win?
A highly modernized Egyptian army
or
some rural maniot grannys
Never piss of grannys.
Albanians or albanians ?? Albanians
@@julianmusta56 Writing some crock of shit, doesn't make it so. Get lost.
Both sides were relatively modern. Greeks had guns and generals educated in modern warfare, the same as the egyptians. The entity of Egypt was also not modernized, but more around the surrounding of Alexandria. The army consisted of maybe a dozen of thousands of trained gunman, but that also has its limited effect, when we consider the supply lines and attrition, the egpytian army had to face.
@@justsefa1843 well of course they had guns I mean bows and arrows hadn't been a thing for at least a few centuries by then but the Egyptian army was a largely professional force trained by French veterans, officers of Napoleon's army.... the grannies on the other hand....not really...
"Fire and axe to the Muslims!"
Theodoros Kolokotronis
Hero of the Hellenic revolution.
LONG LIVE ELLAS!
"Lord Byron: English Greekaboo supreme". Is a sentence I did not expect!
Best description of Byron I've heard yet
@@moutsatsosa It’s just a cute way to say someone is obsessed with or infatuated with a certain culture or country. Don’t take it so seriously
@@moutsatsosa Relax man, it’s just a joke. K&G is well aware of why Byron supported Greek independence, they were just poking a bit of fun which they do often.
this is better than any history book of my country
Can't wait for the next episode
Fantastic video keep it up your doing amazing job
Thank you Hayti for helping us get our independence
The Souliotes were an Eastern Orthodox community of the area of Souli, in greek historical region Epirus. They are known for their military prowess, their resistance to the local Ottoman Albanian ruler Ali Pasha, and their contribution to the Greek cause in the Greek War of Independence, under leaders such as Markos Botsaris and Kitsos Tzavelas. (Both call themselves greeks) The Souliotes established an autonomous confederation dominating a large number of neighbouring villages in the remote mountainous areas of Epirus, where they could successfully resist Ottoman rule. At the height of its power, in the second half of the 18th century, the community (also called "confederacy") is estimated to have consisted of up to 12,000 inhabitants in about 60 villages. The community was classified as Greek in the Ottoman system of social classification. They was speakin dialect based in Albanian with greek influence...
they have influences from both nations
Of course they wasn't typical Albanians ....
Whatever they might have been before the war(Paparregopoulos describes them as «Ἦσαν δὲ οἱ Σουλιῶται κρᾶμα Ἑλλήνων καὶ ἐξελληνισθέντων Ἀλβανῶν καὶ εἷς τῶν ἐπιφανεστέρων γόνων τοῦ συνοικεσίου τῶν δύο φυλῶν τοῦ ἀπὸ τῆς 14ης ἑκατονταετηρίδος ἀρξαμένου καὶ τελουμένου μέχρι τῆς σήμερον...») one thing that is absolutely certain is that their modern descendants are definitely Greek(fanatically so) and the Tzavelaioi family has probably contributed more fighting men to all of Greece's wars than even the Maniot clans. A major methodological error people often make is trying to understand 18th or early 19th century affairs using 21st century "givens" as if they always have applied the same... because we're talking about a period that Albanian nationalism had been at best in its infancy and even Greek nationalism hadn't crystalized fully to its final form at the beginning of the 19th century it wasn't even seen as incompatible to be (Christian) Albanian and Greek silmutaneously that changed with the rise of Albanian and other Balkan nationalist movements in the latter half of the century.
@@ntonisa6636 the real question is what was greek at that time ?
@@syniikalter5319 everybody can become Greek,it's like the Americans ,all you need is to go to a Greek school ,be born in Greece and be a second generation and beyond and your greekification ,my younger cousin feels more Greek than Albanian even tho both of his parents are Albanians , xhavela bocari called the Albanians as his brothers in 1890,today Greeks say arvanitas and Albanians have nothing in comom even tho we literaly speak the same languege, it's like calling the Pontiac Greeks as Turks, but you see Turkey did not assimilate them , school was temporary In Greece after some time for all kinds because many did not understand Greek at all
@@aaravos29 true but i'd said at that time meaning 19 century.
So you are saying Arvanite and Albanian is the Same language? Wow atleast you are real to yourself but how can you say nothing in comom if they have a language in comom ?
I dont understand how Albanians living in Greek seem to Assimilate but Albanians in Macedonia, Serbia, Kosovo, Montenegro dont and if you say that is because of arvanites being Orthodox then i need to ask you why are Albanians in Karakurt Ukraine Odessa oblast still speaking Albanian If they do share the same orthodox faith like Ukrainians?
Actually during the war of independence most Souliotes spoke Greek. Botsaris was only able to write his Grecoalbanian lexicon through the help of his bilingual elders
Keep on making such videos for modern History... Very nice job!
Ending gave me goosebumps
Wow, that was good, Iv'e been waiting for that video for awhile.
i had to pause at 2:20 because of "English greekaboo supreme". Gave me a solid chuckle
Great work man.
You should have given mesologgi one more minute. It wasn't just an exodus that happened and failed.
The first wave of the soldiers around 1000 of them managed to get through
The rest, half and half, died either on the pathway of the exodus and the other in the fort.
Also the defenders when the ottomans came inside, put fire to the barrels filled with gunpowder.
Your videos are great but the exodus, is more than just 3 sentences.
And is actaully one of the key factors, that made other nation look towards Hellas.
Great video, but that part was almsot disrespectfull to what you are doing, history videos, and the exodus.
You made it sound as if the Hellenes got up, opened the door and charged with no planning.
Thank you for doing this for my people.
Yesss! Another Greek revolution video!
Fantastic video! I can't wait for the finale.
Please make documentary about the french invasion of Algeria. Its interesting topic and its related to the battle of navarino too.
If i remember correctly it was related to the sultans doing shit
superbly produced video
For the greek history the siege of Mesolonghi is considered to be the ultimate sacrifice of our ancestors for the cause of the revolution. Additionally, the exodus was arranged to take place at Eastern Sunday, which is very symbolic for the orthodox faith. Last but not least the video does not cover the suffering that the people in the city sustained as in the last month(s) of the siege it is said that they were hunting for rats within the city to eat instead of surrendering. I consider the siege of Mesolonghi and the slaughter of Psara to be the most influcencial events in the greek revolution that got the attention of the upper class in western Europe and led to the intervention.
I am a proud descendant of the Dres Clan known as the Ndredes. My surname comes directly from the Clan Tselondre (ndre). We are situated in Kyparissia, Messinia and our villages are known as Soulimoxoria. Elders of the clan and our relatives are both from the Kolotronis family and Flessas. The Ndredes contribution to the Revolution is titanic. Thank You for your videos.
Ndredes ήταν θρύλοι
Excellent video! Thank you for this treat! Could you do Balkan wars or hellenic expedition in Smyrna (1922) next?
Excellent video 📹
Can't wait for the next one.
Glad to finally see another video on this war. I sure hope the last one isn't long in coming. Because I want to see how the naval battle mentioned in this video went. All I know is that the Ottoman's lost it. I don't know how. My compliments to all those who made this video a reality.
Great series. Loved it. Keep it up 👍🏼
Very good as always. But I would like to point out an error. The portrait of Kutachi that also moves on the map is actually that of Ibrahim Pasha.
Haven't watched the video yet. I am Greek and I have to say that the internal strife for leadership is the bane of our people. Everybody wants to rule at the slightest chance.
At least we unite at the face of the common enemy. It's almost as if the City State logic never left us.
I'm from Serbia and I know a gentleman, who is descendant of Marko Botsaris' sister. She fled to Serbia during the war and married a local guy. According to family tradition she was a Greek.
You confuse Romaioi with Greeks. Romaioi were the ‘Citizens of the Eastern Roman Empire a.k.a’ Byzantines. Souliotes (Ethnic Orthodox Albanians) called themseleves Romaioi. They new Greek language because of the Church. But to make things easier in that response they say Greeks for others to understand since no one uses that notion anymore. Its the same as if she had said ‘Yugoslavian’ which had like 6 different nationalities. Marko Boçari made the first dictionary which he called Romaioi-Albanian dictionary. You can find it online. Its the brain wash they received after the War and the propaganda of the new Greek state.
Both sides of my family originally hail from the province of Aetolia (Missolonghi is its capital) deep in the wooded heartland of Central Greece. They participated in all three sieges at Missolonghi, and were among the few to survive the Great Siege and the heroic “Exodus”. After the town finally fell to the Ottomans in April 1826, my people eventually settled in the hill country of neighbouring Doris where we reside to this day. Each year, on the anniversary of the Exodus, the entire clan makes a pilgrimage to the Sacred City (as Missolonghi is known among all the Hellenes) to honour the sacrifice of our ancestors and pay homage to all those who fought and died for the cause of Greek freedom. 🇬🇷🌿🏛
My family originates from Mataragka,a relatively big village of the area.
Part of my ancestors actually fought at the siege, survived and built my village.
Alexandros Mavrokordatos, president of the first National Assembly of Epidaurus, drew up and on January 15, 1822, issued the famous "Declaration of the Independence of the Greek Nation".
He took care of the conclusion of the English loan for which he was severely accused, although the main purpose was achieved:
"to blame, so to speak, England in the outbreak of the Greek revolution and to give occasion to the beginning of mutual relations " between Greece and England, as Mavrokordatos himself said in his instructions.
A genious political move, he managed to take out a loan, even though Greece was not recognized as a state.
I think you mixed the portraits of Turkish generals. The portrat used for Kioutachi pasa is actual Ibrahim's portait
@@klausbrinck2137 Kleomenis is the actual name.
Ancient Greek Spartan King name.
You might more info as Cleomenes
@@klausbrinck2137 wow, είμαστε αρκετοί
thank you for this video
As for the Souliots, let's point out something. They always considered themeselves Romioi, and not "Albanians". They never had or claimed to have any "albanian" national identity, which by the way, was created much later during the late 19th century. The descendents of the Souliots are still alive nowdays and they have the sources and their families's archives which are proving beyond any doubt, that the Souliots never considered themselves being apart from the rest of the Greek people since the Orlov Uprising in 1770. If the Souliots consider themselves being a group outside of the greek world, then they would never partecipate with such fierce loyalty to the Greek Revolution and fought for the Greek cause. They could easily make their own agreement with the Ottomans and stay at Souli in peace, and out of a war that that wasn't theirs, or even could ally themselves with the Ottomans and being hired as mercenaries, like the actual albanian people did. But this didn't happen... The Souliots chose to fight at the side of the rest of the Greeks, in a war with a very uncertain outcome, sacrificing everything. And this is what makes them Greeks. Because when there is a choice to be made, when you had to choose sides, then the choise that you made, reveals who you really are...
@@akSeR2010 The language didn't mean anything back then about the national identity of the people. Take the Ottomans as example. Were they only Turks? Not of course. They were Turks, Albanians, Georgians, Bosnians, Persians, Armenians, Arabs, and a couple of dozens of other ethnicities. But they were all of them considered Turks.
@@akSeR2010 Romioi was the national identity of the Souliits, not any other. And no there never have been "Ottoman Greeks". Once converted to Islam they were losing any connection with their previous national identity and identified themeselves as Ottomans.
@@akSeR2010 yeah but souliots wore fustanellas which are a greek clothing which means fusta=skirt the fustanella is a demunitive of fusta so it would make sense for greeks to wear it
@@akSeR2010 i am not bothered but what you say isnt correct i have never heard that fustanella was and italian word but thanks for letting me know butf ustanella was a cloth that was wore by greeks and not albanians. greeks like maniotes and a lot of other greeks
souliotes were bilingual ,Christians that spoke Greek but the Toski south Albanian dialect also,some of the Greek population chose to adopt the toski dialect so as to avoid much pressure for the Ottomans
Legendary battles right there.
Salutations from Turkey
Cochrane was certainly a great captain, but in Greece he didn't fair well. He couldn't do much with what he had available. The Greek captains were much more familiar with the kind of war that was needed.
Greetings from 🇬🇷 . Its mesologhi not misologhi. From the italian mezzo (middle)
and lago (lake). Its called so because its surrounded by a lake. The etymology is known since 1571.
I don’t know what’s written on Lord Byron’s grave, but it should absolutely be replaced by “English Greekaboo Supreme.”
Really another great episode of greek war of independence. It completely makes me understand how the war go on. Keep it going KnG. Thank you for your excellent video
Throughout Greek history, every fight against foreign powers has been preceded or followed by either an outright civil war or come damn near one. I always thought however that during the Greek revolution we truly outdid ourselves. The two sides fighting the civil war changed dramatically enough to be talking about pretty much 2 civil wars back to back and most importantly we did it WHILE at war, with a formidable new commander kicking our collective behinds.
Having a long history allows for much greatness and as many (at least) disastrous, outright insane F ups.
*edited a coma, a typo and a "much" (to "many") that survived changing the phrasing.
Can you make a video about Thucydides Trap? The term which describes the theory that when a great power's position as hegemon is threatened by an emerging power, there is a significant likelihood of war between the two powers. This is an important theory which the historian Thucydides developed during his witness accounts of the the Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta. It’s very relevant to modern day politics and the clash between US and China.
I cannot fully express my admiration for this channel: I’m a longtime subscriber, yet you never fail to impress with your unique content, thorough research, and exceptional presentation. Very well done indeed. Greetings from Greece!
Thank you, i was waiting for this video.
Also the European officers who had organized and led the Egyptian army were FRENCH ex officers of Napoleon.
most of high ranked Officers in the Egyptian Army were Albanians or Turkish but the one who built the Army with modern tactics was French ( Joseph Anthelme Sève or Süleyman Pasha )
Can't wait for the next episode what a tangled web it all was.
Amazing video, though warlord karaiskakis should be mentioned
"There was a russian sized elephant in the room" may be the best line I heard in a while
As a Greek I am very honoured and thankful to the channel
Thanks for the video
Souliots were greeks
They fought for you, why you insult them. Suliotes were Albanians, in all chronicles of the time mentioned like Albanians.
@Vard X Albanian of Kosovo call Shkja the Serbs from a dialectic Albanian word Skllav,(Slav). Shkavel - Slaves..
@Vard X Albanian language were called Arberishtja. Greeks called Arvanitika, Turks called Arnavutika etc...
@Vard X Shkja for a Slavs, other stupid Theories was for the word Shqip who pronounced Shkip in Albanian Kosovo dialect, this theorie give the idea which Shkja were the Albanian Christians (like me)..
@Vard X Shkja(Skllav) is a dialect in Kosovo not in other places. Means Slav (offensive- Slavery)
thank you!
This is Mani!
Watching this from Missolonghi :) Here every year we celebrate the bravery of the Missolonghites in the Exodus celebrations, broadcasted nationwide.
Labelling Souliots as Albanians is wrong imo...Maybe some of them had albanian origin or whatever but after centuries of co-existing with Greek society they fully assimilated into it and in the years of the War they had fully Greek conscience...They fought for the Greek cause and died for it... It's like saying that Americans are English bc they speak English and many of them are of English descent.. Apart from this, excellent job as always!
Keep coping … lol
Well can't wait to see the final chapter of the Greeks war for independence
18:10 In 1827 France did not have the tricolor as a flag. It was newly a monarchy under the House of Bourbon.
Nice video
THE RETURN OF COCHRANE!
Will the French Morea expedition also be covered?
Also even if it was mentioned the Siege of Acropolis for about a year by Kioutachi Pasha, it wasn't mentioned the reason of why the Siege continue for such a long period, and the reason was the victorious Campaign of the General Georgios Karaiskakis, (who is considered the 2nd greatest military leader of the Greek Revolution after Kolokotronis) in Rumelia, from August of 1826 to March of 1827, who after a series of victorious battles against Kioutachi Pasha's forces, especially the triumph in the Battle of Arachova (26 November 1826), in which Karaiskakis annihiliated a 2.200 strong Ottoman regiment, succeeded on cutting off Kioutachi, from his supply lines. Then Karaiskakis in a disastrous decision, was replaced by Church by the Greek Goverment, then he was killed, and the defeat at Analatos came as a result...
Correct but they don't even mention him in the video. There r many mistakes.
LOVE this series 🖤
@Kings and Generals
I mentioned that in your previous video, one or two months ago. You can ask the Souliotes themselves if they are separated from the Greeks, Souliotes are still in existence, they are not an ancient race lost centuries ago.
Who cares what they say today. Kico Botsari the father of Marco was a thiev, a servant at the castle of Ali Pasa. Marco Botsari was a typical Albanian klepht(thiev). Now their "descendad" can say what they like. Suljotis, Tzavella, Karaiskakis, Kondurioti, Bouboulina. Are all Arvanit, and being Arvanit, makes you Albanian, either you like it or not.
I can go ask a slav in Macedonia what he is and get a funny answer. Means nothing today.
@@afrimlargimi16382 If Souliotes were Albanians then why did all the survivors who left the city go to Greek cities and villages while nobody went to the north to join other "Albanians"?
@@herculests106 Ik o Herkul mo na ha karin
@@afrimlargimi16382 we do not care if they where of Albanian Orgin... we still love them and they loved us!!!..otherewise they wouldn't have sacrificed themselves for Greece.
Thank you , K&G .
🐺
"Greekaboo Supreme".
I will always be humbled by the fact I will never reach this title.
KaG Just slipping the term "English Greekaboo Supreme" in an otherwise serious description of an otherwise serious event. This will guarantee that it will survive some sort of apocalyptic reset and become an important historical resource for the version of humanity that colonises the galaxy.
Great video
❌ Philhellenes
☑ Greekaboos
Man koei should make a Dynasty warriors game based on the Greek war for independence
There is a mistake in the map. Your are insisting to use a wrong map of Ottoman Empire in 3rd video of the series. In early 1800's, Banat was not Ottoman land and Bogdan was a Ottoman vassal princapilaty as Wlachia. In the map Banat is Ottoman and Bogdan is not part.
Bogdan? Bogdaniyya maybe meaning Moldova
@@VladVlad-ul1io It is Bogdan to us and it was officialy bogdan to you for at least 350 years. Don't talk very sure about you don't know it properly.
@@cloneeja Konstantinopolis for more than 1000 years
@@marios911r5 It has never used Constantinopolis from Turks. It is named Konstantiniyye, Dersaadet, İslambol etc. and ''İstanbul'' is using since 1300's in Turkish. Other people keep call ''Constantinopolis'' it. In 1930's names of ''Constantinoples, Konstantiniyye'' and other names has become forbidden. It is İstanbul since 1300's for Turks and Turks keep call other names as ''Konstantiniyye, Dersaadet, Asitane, Dar-ül Hilafe etc. but not Constantinoples. I think this history lesson is enough to you. To sum up it is not important that how plebs like you calls cities. The important thing is offical name and ruling class as Turks. Istanbul has been a Turk sovereignty since 1453. Your cry is not going to change anything.
@@user-jf6yv8rj2s What conclusion do you want to draw? What are you trying to get to? Do you think I don't know what the old name of Istanbul means? Guys, you need to have a smarter discussion
The image you used for Kutahi is actually a depiction of Ibrahim too.
Here in Sao Paulo - Brazil there's is a street named after Lord Cochrane, located close to where Independence was officially declared
That was awesome
Ottomans: you outnumber 40 to 1
Greeks: do you have the slides idea how narrows it down
That Raid Game seems very good! I'm Going To Download Through your Link.
"English Greekaboo supreme". Lol, truer words have never been spoken. That being said, I wonder if Hellaboo might be a better word.
We have a word, it's called a philhellene.
@@ub3rfr3nzy94 That sounds too respectable.
@@MrGksarathy as a Greek I agree Hellaboo sounds better 😂
That raid shadow legends ad placement was chefs kiss
Basically the fall of messolongi for the ottoman side was the equivalent of the " tet offensive" a military victory for the Egyptian/ ottomans but a diplomatic/propaganda catastrophe