- Видео 13
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Pilot Pulse Channel
Добавлен 14 мар 2024
Welcome to PilotPulse-your guide to navigating the aviation industry's currents. Whether you're eyeing the cockpit of a regional, major, or legacy carrier, we're here to illuminate your path. Stay updated with the latest trends, events, and opportunities that shape our skies and impact your career. Our insights and analyses are tailored for pilots at any stage, from rookies to veterans. Dive into our content for a clear view of what's ahead in your aviation journey. Subscribe and let's embark on this flight togeather!
Pilot Pulse Q&A: University vs. Local 61/141 flight school
Welcome to Pilot Pulse Q&A!
I'm excited to launch this new series where I answer questions from viewers like you about pilot career pathways and industry insights. In this first video, I help a viewer decide between Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) or other large 141 university flight schools and a local Part 141 or Part 61 flight school. We also dive into the potential pitfalls of not earning a degree and why flight training can be incredibly challenging-often mirroring the demanding programs found in the airlines. Stay tuned for valuable tips and advice to help you navigate your pilot career and as always, if you have questions I may be able to answer, theres a chance I could ...
I'm excited to launch this new series where I answer questions from viewers like you about pilot career pathways and industry insights. In this first video, I help a viewer decide between Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University (ERAU) or other large 141 university flight schools and a local Part 141 or Part 61 flight school. We also dive into the potential pitfalls of not earning a degree and why flight training can be incredibly challenging-often mirroring the demanding programs found in the airlines. Stay tuned for valuable tips and advice to help you navigate your pilot career and as always, if you have questions I may be able to answer, theres a chance I could ...
Просмотров: 1 093
Видео
THE TRUTH ABOUT AIRLINE PILOT PATHWAYS: WHICH IS BEST?
Просмотров 15 тыс.Месяц назад
In this video, Aaron Mathis, a United Airlines pilot and recruiter, dives deep into the three most prominent airline pilot pathways: United Aviate, Delta Propel, and American Airlines Cadet Academy. With his unique experience as a recruiter for both United Aviate and the American Airlines Cadet Academy, Aaron delivers an in-depth, professional comparison that you won’t find anywhere else. Throu...
4 YEAR DEGREE FOR AIRLINE PILOTS: PREFERRED OR NOW REQUIRED?
Просмотров 2,1 тыс.3 месяца назад
🚨 Big announcement today, but if you've been following the Pilot Pulse Channel, this won't be a huge surprise. Let's dive into the latest update on the 4-year degree requirement and what it means for pilots aiming to land a job at a Legacy airline like Delta or United. 👨✈️ I’m Aaron, also known as A-A-Ron. I’m a 757/767 First Officer for United Airlines, Pilot Interviewer, and Aviate Coach. My...
Airline Hiring Seniority Race: Summer Edition
Просмотров 2,8 тыс.3 месяца назад
Hey everyone, A-A-Ron here with an update on the 2024 airline hiring landscape! We’re diving into the latest seniority race and hiring trends at major airlines like United, Delta, and American. Is now still a good time to pursue a career in aviation? Let’s find out! After a hectic summer, I’m back with insights on how recent changes are affecting the industry. Find out which airlines are leadin...
Pilot Career Earnings: The Impact of Slow vs. Fast Progression at Legacy Airlines
Просмотров 6 тыс.5 месяцев назад
How much money can you lose or gain from a slow career vs. a fast career? In this video, we explore the financial impact of career progression speeds for pilots at legacy airlines. Join me as we dive into detailed scenarios comparing the earnings of pilots at three different airlines over a 40-year career. We'll examine the effects of airline growth, stagnation, and contraction on career earnin...
2024 SENIORITY RACE: U.S. Airline Pilot Hiring Trends
Просмотров 8 тыс.6 месяцев назад
Join us on Pilot Pulse Channel as we break down the 2024 pilot market forecast, exploring seniority and hiring trends at major U.S. airlines. Whether you're an aspiring pilot or an aviation enthusiast, this video offers a comprehensive look at what to expect in the industry by the end of the year. Don’t forget to subscribe for more insights and updates on navigating a successful aviation career...
2024 PILOT HIRING FORECAST: Major Shake-Ups And What They Mean For Aspiring Pilots
Просмотров 1,3 тыс.7 месяцев назад
Explore the latest trends in pilot hiring for 2024 with Aaron Mathis, a seasoned First Officer and aviation industry expert. In this episode of Pilot Pulse Channel, we dissect the hiring forecasts of major US airlines, including United, American, Delta, and UPS. Learn about the significant changes and what they mean for your career in the skies. Whether you're aspiring to become a pilot or look...
Taking Off Again: UPS's New Pilot Hiring Strategy and What It Means for Aviators
Просмотров 3,3 тыс.7 месяцев назад
Join me as we explore the significant new pilot hiring announcement from UPS Airlines and its implications for the aviation industry. With UPS setting new benchmarks for pilot qualifications and opening career opportunities amidst contrasting industry trends, this video is a must-watch for aspiring pilots and aviation professionals. Learn how these developments could influence your career traje...
Impact of Airline Furloughs on the Hiring Landscape
Просмотров 2597 месяцев назад
In this video, we delve deep into the recent announcement from Spirit Airlines regarding the furlough of 260 pilots and the broader implications this has for the airline industry and aspiring pilots. Join us as we break down the effects of these furloughs, from the immediate impact on the pilots at Spirit to the increased competition across the industry for positions at legacy carriers. What Yo...
New FAA Data & Airline closes its doors: What it means for your hiring chances
Просмотров 4267 месяцев назад
This Video discusses the implications of an airline ceasing operations and how a massive number of newly issued CFI & ATP certificates will crowd the space for applicants trying to get hired at a Major or Legacy carrier and how to avoid falling into some pitfalls when it comes to circumnavigating these trying times. Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this video are solely my own an...
Pilot Oversupply Crisis: CEOs Reveal Surprising Shift
Просмотров 1,8 тыс.7 месяцев назад
April 2nd Industry update: 2 airline CEO's make comments regarding the shifting tide of the airline industry with regards to hiring adjustments and shifting needs. This is a breakdown of what those things are and what they mean to airline pilots; current and future. I also go public with a major announcement that I'm super excited about! Music: Artlist IO
SKY-HIGH TO GROUNDED: The Startling Slowdown in Pilot Hiring for 2024 Revealed..
Просмотров 5158 месяцев назад
February paints a telling picture of the pilot hiring landscape and indicates some very negative trends, however there is still light at the end of the tunnel and aviation is taking the spotlight front and center for the worse currently. Music by Artlist IO
FUTURE CHANGES TO HIRING REQUIREMENTS???
Просмотров 2,5 тыс.8 месяцев назад
This video attempts to answer the very complicated explanation of the scenario where we have the airline pilot hiring industry making its first downturn (non Covid related) in almost 5 years. I attempt to summarize the main events that have led us to this distinct point in history and explain what the trends are and where we are going int he future.
As a highschool graduate with some college experience. I played a professional sport for 10 years which is why i didnt finished the college degree. Do i really need to get the degree before becoming a commercial pilot ?
For United Aviate, if we entered through the partnered flight schools (not just the Aviate academy), experience-building (91/135 partners), organization or family programs, the requirement is 1200 PIC at the 135 or UAX partners. The 1600 PIC requirement applies when you opt into Aviate while at a UAX or as an incoming Direct Entry Captain wanting to flow to United.
Any advice for an international student planning on attending a 141 school?
This was very helpful. Thank you!
Thank you for this video Aaron! Still in my 1st career track currently, but I applied and got accepted to UND in order to pursue the PPL certificate, and flying for UAL is the goal down the road. Wiktor in Maryland.
Great college to go too! Best of luck! I’ll see you in the Flight Deck at UAL!
This is one of the most helpful videos I ever seen in my aviation career, thanks so much!
So glad it was helpful!! Thank you for the kind words. Best of luck! -Aaron
Air Force!
You’re not lying!
@@PilotPulseChannel of course!
Do these academies accept older students like in their 50’s?
Absolutely!
What school/path would you recommend for someone looking to make a career change towards being a pilot in their 30/40s?
Southwest destination 225.
Id recommend a pilot factory like pt 61 ATP. From there and once you have your private you can apply into all the pathways. Timeline to completion is about a year. All that to say if you already have a degree. If you don’t have a degree, you can still do ATP but will need to finish degree online or, alternatively, go to a 4 year flight university.
I thought you don't need a degree to be a commercial pilot ?
Can you give me a hint? If it were you, which would you go to: CAS, which offers United, Envoy, and Skywest pathways but would be difficult to train at due to weather, or UND Aerospace Foundation, which only has United pathway but has good weather? I don't want the answer, but I'm curious about your opinion.
Me personally, I would go to UND 1000000%
So many triggered pilots without degrees. Of course, a degree doesn’t mean anything in regard to how well you fly an airplane, but do you realize all of our applications and resumes look very similar? Imposing a degree is just a way to weed out applicants. I personally do believe there is less risk with someone who has put in a lot of work for a degree that takes 4+ years to get. Achieving a great gpa AND completing flight school does speak volume.
I agree completely!
I wouldn’t waive money on flight training, as by 2027 these aircraft are going to be flown by AI with no pilots.
Strong opinion! Fortunately/unfortunately, the FAA moves very slow.
What’s your opinion on South West Destination 225?
Unfortunately I don’t know very much about it at this time.
D225 student here. its a good program very similar to any of the others. happy to answer any questions that i can.
@@1EyedRoosterdo you know when applications will open up again, im in AZ. I just applied to american cadet program and willing to get in any. From what ive heard they are all fairly good.
@ The hiring is on pause because of Boeing not producing airplanes fast enough. They need airplanes due to demand and will need pilots for those airplanes, not to mention attrition from retirements. So, from what I have been told hiring will continue once Boeing gets their crap together.
Omg thank you so much for this video. It is so informative and I love it. You have saved my life, because the delta propel was mad confusing. Although, I have a question. It appears that the Skyborn Flight academy seems the best option for me, but I saw that the atp flight school also offer the propel pipeline. Is that also a good option or is the Skyborn academy still the best for No special circumstances. Also is the Atp flight school similar to the Skyborn one? Thankkkkk you so much for this video, may god bless you ✨
Thank you so much for the kind feedback! Getting into Propel via the Skyborne pathway will be highly competitive. My suggestion is to go to ATP then you can apply into all pipelines.
My son grappled with this very issue. He's now at one of the R-ATP universities you mentioned in the video. Deep down, I think he knew that was best for him. But he would still sometimes "complain" that he could be going through his ratings a lot faster if he were still at the local flight school where he got his PPL before starting college. Just two days ago, however, he got a Qualified Job Offer from Delta (Propel) and will be going to their Indoctrination at World HQ in Atlanta next month. I'm no expert, but I don't think that door opens for him if he's still at the local flight school and not his R-ATP university.
Unfortunately I’m not an expert on the onboarding process for Propel and the legal terms that permit someone into the pathway. If he’s on his way out to Indoctrination, that would be the absolute best place to ask those types of detailed questions. He can also establish contacts within the HR program that manage those scenarios and can be much better points of contact for these types of questions.
@@PilotPulseChannel My point was simply that if he had not gone the university route, he presumably would not have the QJO from a Legacy Airline at this stage in his training that he now has.
All rather scammy and bureaucratic in my opinion. Clearly meant to take advantage of young folks that lack the life experience to properly judge the deal. They clearly just want to move to some janky ab-initio system like you find in third world countries.
I’m interested to hear specific examples of how any of these programs take advantage of someone?
@@PilotPulseChannel Granted I am a bit jaded from 30 years in general business and politics, but HR and the C suite are always negotiating to give leverage to the company, they are never a friend of the contractor or employee. The point is that the devil is in the details, not some obvious smoking gun. And it takes life experience to pickup on those off-smells in the offer. Its the same reason there are minimum ages to be president or rent a car[without extra insurance] and so with many other things in life. Frankly I fail to find any real benefit to the pilot in these programs, they don't put any money up front (loans are a big issue for many), they don't provide a real path to ATP the pilot is still basically on their own for those hours and often restricted to a single employer limiting wage negotiation, and at the end the pilot is locked in to one airline and one feeder. One big smell is how they are targeting completely inexperienced young folk and actively avoiding anyone with the mid-level experience to see how the industry actually functions. It also creates pilots that have memorized one company's SOP and lack valuable generalized experience. Much of this environment has been enabled by bass ackward regulations pushed by congress and the FAA over the past couple decades for purely public political image without consideration for long term effects slowly killing GA and the pilot pipeline.
Would an online degree do you any good like WGU ?
Absolutely! A degree is a degree!
Just found your videos, i am loving it! You could maybe do one about how the promotion process works. From officer to Captain and from one airplane to another. Like if you are a Captain in an airplane then when you are promoted for another one you became an officer again? And make less?
Great suggestion! I’ll keep this in mind!
Thanks for making these videos, they are very insightful and give me something to think about since i will be pursuing a career as a pilot. I wonder though, do these same stats apply to regional, charter, or corporate pilot? From my undertanding the money is obviously more at a legacy....but I've always been a glass half full kind of guy.
These stats are for Legacy only. Generally speaking, Corporate and Regional hiring does not require a 4 year degree.
Don’t fly for UPS. Even with high seniority you’ll be worked to death. There are some guys who’ve been flying at UPS since they were 22-23 they have unbeatable seniority. You’ll be flying exclusively nights internationally in Asia and Europe for 10-15 years before you have enough seniority to switch to days. I’m not kidding. It’s crazy at UPS. Especially with the new contract
Your opinion sounds anecdotal.
Crazy AA doesn’t have flight benifits for their cadet program. Correct me if I’m wrong but PSAs cadet program offer flight benifits on AA network to their cadets who hold at least a commercial from what I read. So the whole time you are time building you have flight benifits (although I don’t know what exactly that entails)
Yep. I’m in both AA Cadets and the PSA Cadet program. Didn’t get travel benefits until I became a senior cadet in PSAs program. This was after I became a CFI through AA Cadets and over 1000 hours.
@@MusicmatchJukeboxGood to know. I recently applied (few days ago) to get into PSA program. Got my commercial last month. How long ago did you join? Any advice to potentially get a reply back sooner? (I’ve heard some people aren’t hearing back right now). Thanks in advance for your time and info
PSA’s cadet program does offer it, but not to AA academy students/graduates.
When does the application for Fall of 2025 for the United Aviate Academy in Arizona open?
This is TBD
After being made first officer, what is the minimum time and hours flight to become captain on each airline?
FAA requires one to have 1,000 hours of airline First officer flight time prior to being eligible to upgrade.
I would like to get some sort of backup degree (not in aviation), and for myself I don't want to take the big risk of an aviation degree, just for the chance to lose my medical not have a backup. In terms of getting a degree other than aviation, I'm considering an online computer science bachelor's degree, as that would allow me to simultaneously work on my degree and build flight time, not pausing my career just to get the degree. In your experience, how much do airlines care about where your degree came from (online vs. in-person) if the university in both cases is accredited? I've done some research and heard that it doesn't really matter, however I still have doubt and want to hear your perspective. Additionally, how much do airlines care about college GPA? I am a high-school senior and am near obtaining my PPL. I believe that I could achieve CFI by the time I turn 19, and then have 2 years of time building to be safely at the r-atp 1500 hr minimum by the time I turn 21, and with the importance of seniority, etc., I feel like getting an online degree would benefit me by not stopping me from being hired at a regional at 21 like an in-person one would (both cases not aviation degree). Is my reasoning accurate or is there something I'm not considering?
I actually did this exact same route structure (almost). I started flying at 17, got my PPL senior year of high school, then went to a community college and did 2 years while attaining an aviation degree and completed through Multi/Commercial at 19. Transferred to a university online and completed my CFI and 1500 hours before 21 while taking full time online classes. Started at the regionals and completed the last year of full time college while flying for the regionals and finishing while I was still an FO at 22. Having a 4 year degree is what’s important. What it’s in hardly matters. Just have the degree. However your creativity can overcome learning to fly, attaining the hours and getting the degree is completely up to you. Your plan will work just fine!
Does having EASA certification make a difference in recruitment processes, or is it not taken into consideration?
All your flight hours would count towards hiring requirements however you would need all required FAA certification.
Does the school were your degree is received from matter? or whether your bachelors is attained thru an online course? Are regionals competitive enough to where a degree is essentially required also or is attaining your bachelors while at a regional a feasible plan aswell?
The airlines only really care about one thing "Do you have a degree" how you attained that degree (as of today) is not relevant. Get a degree however you like. As far as i'm aware, Regionals currently do not require a degree to be hired. Lastly, When I was a regional pilot, I completed my last year of college online while working full time as a First Officer. Its absolutely possible but maaaaaaannnnnnnnn its a TON of work. You might as well be getting a Doctorates degree in time-management.
Good production value bro. esp for. small channel
Thanks so much!! I'm literally self teaching as I go. My hats off to the big channels. This stuff is a TON of work!
@@PilotPulseChannel Ofcourse, this video was really helpful as im considering schools. After 1 year of back n forth i received my first class medical. AA cadet academy sounds awful, united sounds the best, but what do you think of Alaska Airlines Ascend?
you don’t mess up A-A ron say your name right anyway great video love it
Haha! Glad you like it!
Does Canada have any cadet programs?
I dont know enough to be able to say yes or no. To my knowledge there is not one but i may be wrong. I apologize for not having a better answer.
@ thank you
They aren't needed in Canada you can be a first officer with a commercial certificate just like most countries. The USA has some ridiculous backwards regulations put in place about 10-20 years ago which prevent new pilots from covering a large gap from commercially certified to legally employable in any reasonable way. (Extremely limited options as almost everything aside from instructing and pecking at single-engine ferry jobs requires an ATP). Or if you are wealthy you can just buy a plane and fly circles to collect the total time.
@PilotPulseChannel I got one for ya.... where do you see the pendulum swing on the entry for any of these programs for those that already have a PPL? I like your phrasing of the "embryonic stage of training".... this makes sense to me as a grooming and farm system component to their recruiting. But I see two prongs to this that could serve as caution signs for a given student: In some cases they're not going to take a look at you unless you've already achieved a PPL. And yet with AACA, for instance, its not in the student's best interest to train past that rating (outside of their system) if you wish to get accepted into that Cadet program. You are too far along in their eyes. Still, other pipeline programs, like Frontier Airlines, won't let you in until you have a CPL, I was told. Not sure if this is worth another video, but an answer here would be super appreciated on where the lines actually get drawn in terms of what you have perhaps achieved at a boutique flight school outside of their oversight and partnership parameters. On the one hand it seems like it could be a detrimental move to get a PPL and be considered as a candidate. On the other hand it seems required to even be looked at.
I have a finance degree and worked on Wall Street at JP Morgan for about five years after college. I'm currently 30. Will this experience be considered in my application?
Absolutely! Everything is considered and considerable work history helps a lot. Having the 4 year degree is the biggest hurdle for most!
What if I attend an aviation college not listed in the video but is interested in the pipeline
I think with DL and UA, your only opportunity would be through the professional organization entry point through involvement with NGPA, WIA, OBAP. Keep in mind you can support, participate and volunteer for an organization if you are the target demographic (for example, you're a male supporting WIA) you just need to actually participate and be involved) that would be your only entry point for those. Also, AAs Wholly owned regionals have their own independent cadet programs which may have affiliations with your school. Check into those as well.
Curious about JetBlue pilot program
Thanks for the suggestion!
So it sounds like delta pilot program you have to move to Florida if you don’t have your ppl? In your opinion what is the quickest and most efficient program?
That is correct. Same is true for Aviate. I think the programs are about the same when it comes to length of training.
Does GPA matter in college? My major was computer science, which made it a bit harder to achieve high grades compared to other majors. Thank you for the video!
A GPA matters when/if you are compared directly to another individual with your identical career path. If you didn't do so well during college, do something after college that makes your GPA matter less. If thats all you have then thats all a hiring department also has. Try doing things following college that will overshadow that low GPA.
Do you think anyone cares about what type of studies you attend or is it just a bachelors in whatever that works.
Just have a degree! Thats all you need. We say it can literally be in "basket weaving".
The AA Cadet Academy process has changed. It is now a single interview and they select their preferred WO. They no longer have to interview for the regional cadet program.
Can you give me a published reference for this?
@@PilotPulseChannel I replied to you a few days ago but the reply is now gone.
The process changed back in April and can be found on the American Airlines Cadet Academy website. I tried to post a link a few days ago, but maybe that’s what got the comment deleted? I am a mentor with the program.
That T-shirt is dope!
Thanks! 😁
I’m a PPL Student and the shirt design was one of my first lessons lol.
Idk as a delta employee thinking about doing propel, United sounding good rn. Best non rev flight programs and good schools, plus having the 777 & 787. Wooow
Definitely worth considering!
@ I am planing on getting my medical next week, then for sure will explore that.
Hey man. Great video! Could you possibly do a video on some private airlines such as Netjets or JSX and some of the pros and cons affiliated with them and maybe even compare them to the major airlines?
Ill take a look! Thanks for the suggestion!
Hi Aaron, first off I just wanted to say thank you so much for these videos I can’t tell you how much these videos have benefited me and I’m so grateful for the information you’ve shared to us 🥲 I myself am an aspiring pilot but I just wanted to get some guidance if I’m taking the right steps towards that goal. I’ve talk to some airline pilots and they’ve given me contact info if I had any other questions but once I tried to actually contact them they seem to ghost me and it felt very discouraging. So I just sucked it up and did the next best thing which was lots of research online. My apologies for such a long message but I just wanted ask if there’s anyway I could get in contact with you it would mean the world to me but if not then I totally understand thank you so much for your time!
Thanks for the kind feedback! It is very much appreciated! It would be my pleasure! Please reach out to aviatorsconsulting@gmail.com
You provide a great value to prospective career pilots here Aaron. I have an engineering degree. Would it be better to complete my training at a big school like American Flyers, or just as well to get the ratings at a local mom and pop?
having an engineering degree us a GREAT thing! You simply just need your certs and ratings now. a mom and pop shop (could) be cheaper but will likely take 2-3 times longer where a pilot factory will get you through alot faster (9-12 months). The ball is in your court!
Just go 61 and get your 1500 there. No rush to the airlines right now. Either get a job on the side or a different subject degree from college. A 4 year aviation degree wont help you whatsoever if ur medical gets rejected in 10 years. Think about the future!!! Even if you dont use your 4 year degree in something else, its really nice to have a back up plan if you dont like/cant fly in the future. Please dont go to riddle, unless you/family want to dump ~300k on college
You are looking through today’s lens. Degrees are useful and make a difference in the post Covid environment. We had 2 to 3 years where anyone with a pulse was getting hired. But long-term, a degree will set you apart. Getting private part 61 is very smart, but degrees help you. It’s harmful to tell people that it will “not help you whatsoever”.
@@Sharivari16 The degree is only being used as a RELEASE valve if they have a high or lower demand. Trust me if a certain election happens and the economy BOOMs..... the degree is pointless in those situations.
Its more important to have a degree than having a Riddle Degree. If someone can afford it, then I support it. If they cant, then having a degree, even if majoring in a different career (such as myself) is great for a backup plan.
Nothing is ever a good or bad as it seems.
I heard you can kind of "skip the flow" at regionals if you apply directly to the respective legacy once you get that 1000 Captain time. Is there any truth to that?
That is a rare thing of the past. The Legacies degraded the value of their flow programs by doing that. U haven't heard of this happening for years and certainly wouldn't count on it.
Does the college Degree have to be from an aeronautical university? I do have a BA degree and currently a few weeks into my PPL training at my local flight school in central Florida.
Nope! A Bachelors degree is a bachelors degree! Keep on Keep’n on! Fly safe!
@ thanks so much! These videos are exactly what I’m looking for. #subscribed 🤙🏻
Will lack of a college degree affect the hiring of a pilot at any job other than a legacy airline?
It will affect that pilot less, however everything is relative and in this case relative to all the other thousands of pilots with apps in that have college degrees on them. When everyone has 5000+ hours, a degree can certainly make one more competitive.
Thank you! I found this video super helpful
I’m so glad to hear that!! Thanks for the positive feedback!
my neighbor did it the hard way: air force academy, flight training and20. yrs later he walked into his airline, hired on the spot and flew until he aged out.
Nothin wrong with that! I Thank him for his service!
Absolutely dare you to dig into the "metering" of SkyWest pilots by the major airlines
Hah, I’m not sure about that one 🤔
@ I am sure about it. Had to “double quit” or “resume wash” to get to a legacy. Anyone considering this career should plan to work for a regional where a ULCC or competing legacy will poach you and have the long flow or affiliate program as a backup. If you want to work at UA go to envoy or endeavor rather than have a regional block your career progression.
Why no more then a PPL!? I have a CPL.., but can't apply to a Pathways Program?
It matters who did your primary level training. As you will learn if you ever do your CFI, the law of primacy is a sticky one.