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If Michigan copper was shipped to Europe/Asia during the Bronze Age, we would find their shipwrecks along the North Atlantic coastline and the St. Lawrence waterway, AND they would have left DNA .

Recent genetic tracing worldwide has confirmed every branch of the flow of human migration from a common ancestor in Africa and subsequently, the various branches based on localized mutations that kept spreading throughout Europe, Asia, Australia and North and South America. All North American Indigenous peoples are linked to various asian cultures. Northern Japan, Siberian Inuit, Mongolian etc. No European connection !!

Gutsick Gibbon!

Pour us a glass too! Great intro!

It's obvious that people who study almost any earth sciences have to know (and want to know) everything ! Thanks for your super videos!

Gutsick Gibbon!

How did man figure out how to make copper/bronze, the right amount of materials, heat, all that is amazing for the time.

There are no non-hierarchal peoples, and I don't know what differentiates a "formal hierarchy." Maybe archeology or anthropology have a different definition of hierarchy, its a word with interesting etymology and evolution, but there are many ways people have organized, all of them are hierarchical within a cohesive group or tribe. It's part of our pack instinct. Also, egalitarian and hierarchy are not opposites. Maybe you're referring to something like class hierarchy, but hierarchy on general isn't anti-egalitarian.

Just a quick question, what would be the best way to send some pictures of a “rock” to you, so you could look at it and give me your thoughts on what it might be? Thanks, Roy

Salute,great info. Our home place is actually located in the middle of an old archaic campsite along a river in central Texas. Midden debris everywhere,plus Ensor,Pedernales,etc all abundant in the hundreds,yet finding a small arrow point is very rare,indeed. Less than a dozen found over a 40 yr period. Yet,we find "bird" points by the hundreds in the Big Spring/Howard county area,a known Comanche staging ground for raiding south. The bow and arrow thingamajig seemed late in the game and was eagerly replaced.

Well,that got me to thinking! Thanks for sharing all your hard-earned good stuff. Excellent channel🤘

as a native I will say I cringed when yall talked about whiteness, really race should have nothing to do whether your informed on subject or not. Race should not be the question when someone is making a scientific report. If so we are digressing

You're such an inspiration and HUGE HELP! Thank you!

this is great, more reaction vids please!

thankyou you for being fair to hancock and not on the attack 😊 just subscribed!

How you can be so wrong and so confident at the same time.

The discussion of the spikes in lead amounts found in areas with copper mining, where there is no evidence of smelting in ancient times,,only evidence of annealing, does that mean that annealing copper can cause lead pollution?

Understudied in the understudies.

Great video rlly appreciate the little trowel editing pointers

White people were here first

I know copper mining as it is done today is very harmful to the environment especially the water and soil. Can you explain how the Ancient people mined copper ? I would be very interested to know if they had a gentler safer method that they used back then.

This almost sounds like Indians "stealing" land from other Indians. I thought "that" was only what white "colonists" did?

Has anyone bothered to correlate the radon level? If there was an impact, which there was, then it is safe to assume a distribution of radioactive material. If you pay attention to the radon distribution in the United States, it demonstrates the echo - aftermath of the impact. The proto-apache people saw this before hiding into the caves.

Thank you for the great story and also for the great memes :D

Your video was great. Loved that you took the time to explain stuff and give us background which made everything interesting and easier to understand.

Sad.

Because you're an "archeologist," that doesn't give you the right to be a total prick about the matter. You and others just like you don't have the capabilities to wrap your minds around this decades-old television series. 😂 You missed the point, Scott is lending the idea of how easy it was for people from long ago to visit America well before Columbus was ever even born. 😊 Don't take my word for it, look it up for yourself. 🤔

I’ve found a village site of a hunter gatherer band where I’ve found the fire pits that were cylindrical sand stone rings that were exposed to a lot of heat. I’m in southern MS and I’ve found a Gary Mabin point and a knife made of talahata quartzite. The only other finds have been pottery and charcoal and minimal flakes. My question is would these villages have a place where folks would nap stone away from the village. Like a designated area away from walking paths so people aren’t stepping on those sharp flakes. Do yall find concentrated places throughout the village that has flakes and points? Because I’ve been at this for over a year now and I’ve only got two points to show for it. Having fun though! Don’t get me wrong it’s amazing to uncover old remains of intact carbonized logs and you can still see the ax marks and rings in it and right on top is a piece of decorated pottery and small tertiary flakes. Any advice would be much appreciated. I love your videos!

South America has some wheels on figurines. They don't appear to have been used for anything practical, or at least that we would consider practical, but they have round wheels mounted on the feet of animal figurines.

I love it when two channels I follow make a video together and a great one at that keep up the good work guys and thank you

In a way it’s kinda sad. It’s a neat story. I’m totally untrained in archeology, so when I originally saw the show, I didn’t know what to make of it. But my scientific training was making the hair on my back stand up. Lots of unsupported facts being thrown around. To many facts by association only. I told myself then that I needed to check it out someday, but never got around to it. Thanks for doing the work for me. Guess it’s like every other show on History channel- for entertaining story telling only.

Hi, I loved your video. I´d like to ask you for the meaning of the verb "grade" in Archaeology, because I'm not a native English speaker. Thank you

I am so happy to find this video! My uncle whos greek (and has a tendency to believe the ancient greeks were basically the gods of the ancient times) has been talking about how the minoans were "So advanced they had giant ships that would import copper from canada". Its been so long ive wanted to look into that nonesense claim this video is a godsend

White guilt? Self loathing?

Great work

If I had unlimited money and time? Determine if it is possible to identify chemically the copper from the Great Lakes, from the old mines. Go thru every catalog of every copper item known within the area, and the area known to be pre colonial towns. See if any of these items match up. It would be a long and rather tedious process of locating and examining all of the cataloged and known pieces of copper in those areas.

I have held this notion for a long time that the US gov and military industrial complex have sought to obliterate the archeological record of Mississippian civilization(s) specifically thru road and highway building. Regarding copper, European settlers may have obtained the tools from groups and then smelted it into equipment to distill alcohol. In Massachusetts of 1810, there was a hard liquor still for every 11 inhabitants of the Commonwealth. Let us assume that the North American group that mined copper were a group that probably kept most of it’s activities secret to maintain the advantage metallurgy would have been to the mound building civilization that copper tools would have been a commodity for. Europeans met with distressed and war torn populations in the Midwest and I believe the US gov has lent a hand to the obfuscation of the level of technology and height of civilization existent in the US Midwest during the colonial period.

its well known among us egyptians that we were bringing tobaco from americas

Vikings on the Mississippi River? Possibly. But this level of occulted history is like establishing as plausible something that is more along the lines of sci fi or alternative history.

I am more than willing to accept for consideration large expeditions or groups of Norse or other Europeans who ventured to the Americas before Columbus. But I am not aware of any European group making a significant settlement prior to the Spanish.

It is ridiculous to suggest there was a trans Atlantic trade in antiquity involving Great Lakes copper to the Mediterranean. The tiny Icelandic Norse settlements in Labrador do not support the presence of Europeans in such a way as to allow for this operation. The number of people involved in mining, transporting and lading the goods would mean a large settlement would have had to be created which leaves evidence and would take years. And we are to believe this major inter continental metallurgical endeavor happened and was lost to accepted academic coverage of the history of civilization. Oh really?. .

Love your channel Nathanael. I've always imagined the peoples of The Americas coming in with sewn clothes, decorated clothes and bodies, a wide choice of lithics, boats, large and small. and even different working dog breeds. I've also thought they would have had spears, throwing sticks, harpoons, and bows and arrows from the start, however, without continuous use could they have retained bow technology for long periods? I personally doubt they could have, and yet I personally (maybe just because it would be beyond me!) equally doubt the bow was invented multiple times in human history. Sorry if this is a fanciful dilemma of mine but do you believe the bow was invented independently (from say, much earlier in Africa) in The Americas?

This is fantastic, Nathanael. I can't wait to see Part 2. Bravo!

The Mississippi and tributary mound complex is vast. Lightning strike fixes nitrogen. Other useful metal reductions can occur in surrounding trenches as well.

Hysterical

Thanks by the way for exposing all those wanna be authorities

You mentioned that at the end of the Early Archaic Period, there seemed to be an exodus of tribes. Could you expand on that, or point to some literature that describes this? Thanks for all you do!

@13:00 "What do you think is the truth?" Firstly, it doesn't matter what anyone _thinks_ is the _truth_ . The word truth, included as though it is, appropriately and correctly, used to signal that presented shortly, here, actually some "truth" told about X, in contrast to 'the lie' about X that is told everywhere else. Secondly, even if this BS use of "truth" wasn't inserted, and instead we got to hear from someone who would be presented as openly acknowledgjng they're advancing an unsubstantiated, intellectually honest 'idea', 'pet theory', 'hypothesis', or fanciful 'possible explanation'; the musings of someone whose relevant qualification is being "A local woman", render this entire exchange pointless. This particular interaction would have just as much merit, and be of as much benefit, if instead he'd asked, 'What's the most batshit explanation you can create, from scratch, in the time it takes me to count to ten? Go!' And then he responded with 'I don't think that's batshit at all, because, many "scholars" today accept batshit assertions and what is entailed by them, to be factually correct; they just don't usually publish papers about it, in credible academic journals, for critical peer review, because they're shy, or some shit. ' FFS, the premise for this is 'A local woman thinks dozens of scientists in numerous fields have published utterly nonsensical bollocks, when presenting work on literally any aspect of, or regarding contents located within, the discovery of a site of numerous, naturally preserved, (in ancient swamps) remains of humans, native to the region, who lived thousands of years ago. She's pretty convinced she 'knows' what all those moronic scientists and academics clearly didn't, and so she contacts the world's greatest "forensic geologist." (Obviously) to get him on the case! It is absolutely fkn absurd. And it's patently obvious that even this absurd premise is as fictional as the history this guy asserts... Their acting skills are as proportionally strong, as being a "forensic geologist" and "a local woman" are to actually possessing relevant expertise and knowledge on this subject. JFC. I know I'm repeating myself now, but this entire premise is absolutely fkn absurd.

Awesome brother. Fascinating to me. Always like to hear what other people hypothesize versus what I think. But I didn’t study this in school but as everyone does I think some of the things I find were used for other purposes than what others think. Who knows for sure on some but it’s great to hear from someone who has a lot more knowledge👍🇺🇸

Really interesting site. Re comments around 25-35 seconds. ... Does anyone know the descendent populations as determined through DNA analysis, for example? Or is it just assumed and based on geographical location? The most recent local groups seem just as likely to be unrelated or descended from even the perpetrators of the massacre.