This video was desperately needed on RUclips. I was shocked when I was first learning the IPA and I couldn't find a single video that just explained it all, most of them just have english sounds. Also I wished language books gave IPA. I hate reading descriptions like 'this is like the t in tooth.' I hope you someday make a video about sing language. Is there something like the IPA for sign languages?
Pop2323pop I'm glad you got a lot out of it! I agree regarding the language books and IPA. I think it gives the impression that we don't have a way to define sounds except in the context of comparison to other sounds, and that's not true. We have all this anatomical description to use, so we might as well do it!We also do have plans to do a sign language episode in the near future... we're trying to work some stuff out for that one, but it's on our to-do list. There are a number of systems out there that people use for transcribing sign language, such as David Peterson's SLIPA (dedalvs.conlang.org/slipa.html), or the SignWriting system (www.signwriting.org/). There isn't an agreed-upon standard the way there is for the IPA, but the existence of some systems to use for this is definitely useful! Hope this helps.
MAD respect to you for not only being able to pronounce all sorts of sounds, but also teaching us about it in a format that ages like fine wine. Love you man 💕
Thank you, Moti! You have no idea how amazingly helpful your videos have been towards my study of Phonetics and Language Development. I aced my first test, and couldn't have done it without you! On a side note, I lived in Japan for a while and actually needed clarification that you're not the same as a delicious mochi rice cake... (green-tea flavor, mmm). Thanks again!
+rageinsidethemachine Haha, well, certainly a good number of other people have had the same mochi-related reaction. Glad that the videos have been helpful for you, though! Good luck with the rest of your course. ^_^
When the letter _y_ is considered to be a vowel in English, it actually very rarely appears as the sound [i] (the vowel equivalent of [j]). Instead, it is usually the vowel [ɪ] (as in _myth_) or the diphthong [aɪ] (as in _cry_). So really, the reason _y_ is sometimes a vowel is not because is it usually pronounced like an approximant, but rather because it represents many different sounds in English spelling.
Thank you so much for this video. I'm an ESL student and I couldn't get through the IPA chart. You've been incredibly helpful explaining it so clearly.
Pop2323pop Yep, we're coming back to those in the future! This one was already long enough just covering that part of the chart. We'll do one on non-pulmonics and airstream mechanisms in the future. I'll just practice my ejectives in the meantime. ^_^
I just learned of the bidental fricative - /h̪͆/. It's made by closing your jaw as much as possible and letting the air through, and it is only known to occur in one dialect of one natural language, the black sea coast dialect of Adyghe. It corresponds to /x/ in other dialects.
+ɽɛᴛʀoғʟɛχ It's really cool! I'd like to hear it for myself. There are definitely some really rare kinds of consonants that are really interesting. Like, the linguolabial stops used in Tangoa, spoken in Vanuatu, where you stop the airflow through the mouth by pressing the tip of the tongue to the lower lip. We really make use of a lot of possibilities. ^_^
+ɽɛᴛʀoғʟɛχ That's sort of a complicated question, really. I don't know that they're so distinctive acoustically from, say, [d̪] or [b], but I don't have any examples of people doing it besides me, and it's not like I'm a native speaker of the language. And both of those stops are far more common. But of course, since they are contrastive somewhere, they must be differentiable enough. There's also potentially the phonological explanation that the linguolabials are more marked, and so few languages end up using them. Like for a lot of these things, it depends on whether you want to try to explain it just phonetically, or use phonological theory stuff to try to back it up.
Thanks for calling them "vocal folds" and not "vocal cords." The distinction was stressed throughout my studies in Speech and Language Pathology, as really, they're little flaps, not cords or strings.
+Bobby Bermuda Sure! We really try to be careful with these things and be correct about it. I remember when I first starting hearing vocal folds instead of cords, and then we saw pictures of what they looked like, and I was definitely surprised. But I think it's cooler this way. ^_^
West European languages are in a process of mutual assimilation and in needs of simplification.We need a simple fonetic alphabet: A like in America, B like Belgium, C like China ( abolish Ch) K like Kioto ( Kanada) and so on. Zank you.
Most of these just get diacritics to sort of "expand" from the bare symbol. Alveolopalatals have their own symbols, but because they have more than one place of articulation (the alveoles and the palatum) they dont go into the table but below to another part of the IPA sheet. Affricates are made up of plosives and fricatives, and are, as i gather, more of a phonological category, because they are very prone to behave like just one consonant in many languages i.e. being moved or deleted together. A t followed by an s does not sound differently with a tie bar or without one.
Why is the voiceless th-sound represented by a Ɵ? Wouldn't þ be a better symbol for it, given as that is what that symbol represents in languages like icelandic?
Well, we're using the IPA ones for the video, and it's [θ] there, so that's what we're using. The IPA chose the Greek letters that stand for the interdental fricatives, so we got [θ] and [ð] there. Although [ð] is basically the same for both Greek and Icelandic, so at least there's that?
Yes, that's why i was wondering as well. Because i recognised the other voiced one from icelandic, and since that one was correct, i got confused as to why they didn't just go with þ for the unvoiced one. Loving this channel, by the way.
In my dialect of English (Manchester, England) we say "ng" as ŋg so sing isn't siŋ it's siŋg, we also rarely pronounce h and the letter t is usually pronounced as a glottal stop i.e butter is bʊʔɔ (we also say er at the end of words like the vowel in "thought" which I think is ɔ in IPA, please correct me if I'm wrong on that)
Hello sir. May I ask for the negative version of mature... which is immature, why do we actually pair the /m/ in im with /m/ in mature? Would you know the explanation behind it?
this is very good... this is related to my own subject in university... But, it will be nice if you try to speak more slowly... it will sounds good ... :) Thank you >I'm NDONESIAN
Thanks for watching! We do have subtitles, if that helps? I am making a bit more of an effort to talk more slowly in some of our most recent ones. But we'll see. ^_^
+Nicholas Weston Pharyngeal sounds are made by moving the tongue root back towards the pharynx to make the closure. So it should be below the uvula. It's possible for people to make this closure complete, but most people can't, which is perhaps why there isn't a dedicated IPA symbol for it - it's not really used crosslinguistically. Epiglottal stops, on the other hand, are made by moving the epiglottis having contact with the epiglottal folds. So this is actually articulated very low in the vocal tract, just above the larynx itself. Again, sounds here aren't that common crosslinguistically, but some Caucasian languages and some dialects of Arabic have them. ^_^
Why are all nasals, trills, flaps, lateral fricatives, approximates and lateral approximates in the IPA always voiced? What’s the deal with that? I know languages like Icelandic and Biblical Hebrew use the voiceless alveolar nasal [n̥] or [n̊], like in the Icelandic word _hnífur_ ‘knife’ but why doesn’t any language treat voiceless nasals are separate phonemes from their voiced counterparts?
+SI9 YA A good point! Lateral vs central airflow is definitely an important distinction. We'll come back to revisit the lateral section of the chart in more detail when we talk more about articulation in the future. Our thinking for the video was that it's already pretty long, and lateral vs. central is somewhat different from the places and manners; because it's a release thing, you can be both lateral and a fricative or approximant, etc. But we'll definitely address it in the future!
+SI9 YA I hope you will make a video about it soon, this one who already helpful but I have an exam so I need as much help as possible. Thank you so much for responding
How come most of the world’s languages have more consonants than vowels? According to _Wikipedia_ most dialects of English has 24 consonant phonemes but only 12 vowels (goo.gl/juy08c), (standard) Turkish (of Turkey) has also 24 consonant phonemes but only 8 vowels (goo.gl/opKWxW) and Navajo has 38 consonant phonemes but only 16 vowel phonemes (goo.gl/dI2bbN). Why?
I'd assume it's just because there are way more easily pronounceable and distinguishable consonants sounds than vowel sounds. Simple as that. I think. Also, I challenge you to find any language in which this is not true. Rotokas is the only language I can think of for which this _may_ be the case, but it certainly is not definite.
Lord Marcellus I think that is true, I often have an easier time hearing the difference between to consonants than between to vowels. Regarding the challenge, I accept it! I do believe I have found a language that has more vowels than consonants: Hawaiian! For English, I only counted monophthongs so I am not allowed to count the diphthongs in Hawaiian. The language of Hawaii, Hawaiian, has, according to _Wikipedia_ (goo.gl/AMeqwR), a total of *10* monophthongs but only *8* consonants! The consonant phonemes are /p, k ~ t, ʔ, h, m, n, l, w ~ v/ and the vowels phonemes are /u, i, o, e, a, u:, i:, o:, e:, a:, u:/.
Well, it depends, for example, if you're counting /a:/ as /aa/ or as a completely separate phoneme. And there's no right or wrong answer to this. But can you name a language that has more vowels than consonants not counting long vowels? I will be shocked if there is one.
+Ahmad Muhammad Well, it is both labial and velar! It's true you use your lips for it, but you also raise the body of your tongue up towards the soft palate. That's why [w] is listed in other symbols on the IPA chart - it's got two different places of articulation at once, and leaving either out gives you a different sound.
There is a sound in a few dialects of spanish that I'm having trouble recognising in IPA. It appears when there's an "s" before a "t" like in "esto", "listo" or "basta". In standard spanish, it would sound [s] but in normal speech in buenos aires you hear it as a sort of exhalation. A puff of air comes out after the preceding vowel unimpeded until the [t] closes the airflow (I think the tongue doesnt move between the vowel and the [t]). Is such a sound represented in IPA? (If you need to hear it, tell me how I can record it and send it to you) Thanks a lot, and love the videos
Cool! Never occured to me to look for that wikipedia page. I didn't think it'd be an [h] because it appears (to me) the air moves much more loosely, but I guess it's fair enough. Thanks
This video was desperately needed on RUclips. I was shocked when I was first learning the IPA and I couldn't find a single video that just explained it all, most of them just have english sounds. Also I wished language books gave IPA. I hate reading descriptions like 'this is like the t in tooth.'
I hope you someday make a video about sing language. Is there something like the IPA for sign languages?
Pop2323pop I'm glad you got a lot out of it! I agree regarding the language books and IPA. I think it gives the impression that we don't have a way to define sounds except in the context of comparison to other sounds, and that's not true. We have all this anatomical description to use, so we might as well do it!We also do have plans to do a sign language episode in the near future... we're trying to work some stuff out for that one, but it's on our to-do list. There are a number of systems out there that people use for transcribing sign language, such as David Peterson's SLIPA (dedalvs.conlang.org/slipa.html), or the SignWriting system (www.signwriting.org/). There isn't an agreed-upon standard the way there is for the IPA, but the existence of some systems to use for this is definitely useful! Hope this helps.
as a Moroccan hearing the /q/ from a western person sound makes me happy
I use this video a lot with the phonetics class I teach in high school, everything is so well explained. Props to you.
I don't know what I like more. The fact that you made it so "sooo" easy, or your shirt. Either way, you deserve a like. Thank you so much!
MAD respect to you for not only being able to pronounce all sorts of sounds, but also teaching us about it in a format that ages like fine wine. Love you man 💕
tomorrow i have an exam and this is helping me alot...thank you. God bless...
Ravi Anand Glad you're finding this helpful! Good luck with your exam. ^_^
The Ling Space
you know what!!!????? i did the exam well!! God bless you Sir for the good work u have been doing....thanks alot..
Ravi Anand Great! Glad it worked out. ^_^
Man the same is happening with me two years Later HHHHHHHH
mine is today x_x
If only half of the academicians were like you, many of us would have succeeded much more.
Oh man, I had a flash back to speech therapy in elementary watching this video. Great video!!
Thanks! I hope it wasn't in a bad way. Glad you liked the video. ^_^
I’m currently studying for a final exam in Icelandic phonetics and this was so helpful! Thank you!!!
Thank you so much!! It really helped me with my exam! I didn't understand anything in class and you made it all clear for me!!! Thank you again!!!
+Killer Break Great! Glad to be able to help. ^_^
My linguistics professor told my class about this channel lol
I am also student of linguistic
just wanted to say I'm studying for the CSET English exams and your videos have been helpful. thanks for the hard work
that "hav u ever really thought bout ur mouth coz its pretty amazing" sounds funny to me tho.. but.... proceed.
Thank you, Moti! You have no idea how amazingly helpful your videos have been towards my study of Phonetics and Language Development. I aced my first test, and couldn't have done it without you! On a side note, I lived in Japan for a while and actually needed clarification that you're not the same as a delicious mochi rice cake... (green-tea flavor, mmm). Thanks again!
+rageinsidethemachine Haha, well, certainly a good number of other people have had the same mochi-related reaction. Glad that the videos have been helpful for you, though! Good luck with the rest of your course. ^_^
You made these concepts so easy and simple to understand. You have the VPM explained so well and exciting. A million thumbs up!!!!
Glad to be able to help! Thanks for letting us know you liked it. ^_^
Aww glad i stayed ‘til the very end to hear that “sziasztok”!😍 thank you this helped a lot!!🙏🏻
just watched this video before exam and it helping me alot...thank you.
this is by far the best tutorial I've seen
tomorrow i will have a report about this, and it helps me a lot to understand my topic.Thankyouuuu! GODBLESS
Glad to be able to help! ^_^
When the letter _y_ is considered to be a vowel in English, it actually very rarely appears as the sound [i] (the vowel equivalent of [j]). Instead, it is usually the vowel [ɪ] (as in _myth_) or the diphthong [aɪ] (as in _cry_). So really, the reason _y_ is sometimes a vowel is not because is it usually pronounced like an approximant, but rather because it represents many different sounds in English spelling.
Very informative and lovely video! Clear, concise, simple.
Thank you very much!
It was nice to hear the sounds you say.
Since i'm studying by myself it was such a nice help!
THANK YOU. You are a God send, I have my Linguistics final this Saturday!
Thank you so much for this video. I'm an ESL student and I couldn't get through the IPA chart. You've been incredibly helpful explaining it so clearly.
in my opinion it was really helpfull..
i LOVED this video, greetings from Colombia
Thanks to u I can finally understand the IPA chart
I Liked this class! Thanks!!!
+akhim alexis Intervocalic means something that's in between vowels. Hope this helps! ^_^
Thank you teacher I like your videos
Thank you so ooh ooh much
This man is Eminem ,, so fast , i'm an english uni student , and this is helping a lot in my tomorrow's exam
Aw, what about all the non-pulmonic consonants? Clicks, implosives, and ejectives? I hope you'll someday make a video on them!
Pop2323pop Yep, we're coming back to those in the future! This one was already long enough just covering that part of the chart. We'll do one on non-pulmonics and airstream mechanisms in the future. I'll just practice my ejectives in the meantime. ^_^
I just learned of the bidental fricative - /h̪͆/. It's made by closing your jaw as much as possible and letting the air through, and it is only known to occur in one dialect of one natural language, the black sea coast dialect of Adyghe. It corresponds to /x/ in other dialects.
+ɽɛᴛʀoғʟɛχ It's really cool! I'd like to hear it for myself. There are definitely some really rare kinds of consonants that are really interesting. Like, the linguolabial stops used in Tangoa, spoken in Vanuatu, where you stop the airflow through the mouth by pressing the tip of the tongue to the lower lip. We really make use of a lot of possibilities. ^_^
The Ling Space I've wondered why linguolabials aren't very common - they're easy to make and pretty distinctive
+ɽɛᴛʀoғʟɛχ That's sort of a complicated question, really. I don't know that they're so distinctive acoustically from, say, [d̪] or [b], but I don't have any examples of people doing it besides me, and it's not like I'm a native speaker of the language. And both of those stops are far more common. But of course, since they are contrastive somewhere, they must be differentiable enough. There's also potentially the phonological explanation that the linguolabials are more marked, and so few languages end up using them. Like for a lot of these things, it depends on whether you want to try to explain it just phonetically, or use phonological theory stuff to try to back it up.
The Ling Space You're right, the voiced dental stop does sound a lot like the voiced linguolabial stop - I didn't realize that before.
Where'd you get your shirt?!
How nicely done! hopefully watching this a few times will help me remember these better :)
Pelin Yılmaz Thanks! And it can take some time for everything to sink in. It is a bunch of symbols and terms. But it's definitely doable. ^_^
Thanks for calling them "vocal folds" and not "vocal cords." The distinction was stressed throughout my studies in Speech and Language Pathology, as really, they're little flaps, not cords or strings.
+Bobby Bermuda Sure! We really try to be careful with these things and be correct about it. I remember when I first starting hearing vocal folds instead of cords, and then we saw pictures of what they looked like, and I was definitely surprised. But I think it's cooler this way. ^_^
Thank you so much .. it was really needed this video
Thank you very much for helping us.
What a great t-shirt!
YOU ARE VERY GOOD!!!!
This was amazing! A much needed video 😊
Thank you, you save my life ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️
you're a life saver
thank you so much
Everything was so clear just like water
I love that shirt!
Awesome video
brilliant video- i have an exam on this next week and this really helped! thank you
Glad to be able to help! Hope your exam went well. ^_^
Very good class
Very helpful!! Thank you!!
This was really helpful, thank you so much. I have question though anybody know what intervocialy means.
West European languages are in a process of mutual assimilation and in needs of simplification.We need a simple fonetic alphabet: A like in America, B like Belgium, C like China ( abolish Ch) K like Kioto ( Kanada) and so on. Zank you.
Pretty good effort.
Thank you
Wonderful
Doesn't the new IPA have more categories, like linguo-labials, alveolo-palatals, affricates, et cetera?
Most of these just get diacritics to sort of "expand" from the bare symbol. Alveolopalatals have their own symbols, but because they have more than one place of articulation (the alveoles and the palatum) they dont go into the table but below to another part of the IPA sheet. Affricates are made up of plosives and fricatives, and are, as i gather, more of a phonological category, because they are very prone to behave like just one consonant in many languages i.e. being moved or deleted together. A t followed by an s does not sound differently with a tie bar or without one.
Thanks, the video is amazing
+Carlo Palmier Thanks for the kind words! Glad you liked it. ^_^
Why is the voiceless th-sound represented by a Ɵ?
Wouldn't þ be a better symbol for it, given as that is what that symbol represents in languages like icelandic?
Well, we're using the IPA ones for the video, and it's [θ] there, so that's what we're using. The IPA chose the Greek letters that stand for the interdental fricatives, so we got [θ] and [ð] there. Although [ð] is basically the same for both Greek and Icelandic, so at least there's that?
Yes, that's why i was wondering as well. Because i recognised the other voiced one from icelandic, and since that one was correct, i got confused as to why they didn't just go with þ for the unvoiced one. Loving this channel, by the way.
The very first sentence of this video nearly compelled me to shut it off immediately for some reason. The rest was pretty pleasant.
Thanks
In my dialect of English (Manchester, England) we say "ng" as ŋg so sing isn't siŋ it's siŋg, we also rarely pronounce h and the letter t is usually pronounced as a glottal stop i.e butter is bʊʔɔ (we also say er at the end of words like the vowel in "thought" which I think is ɔ in IPA, please correct me if I'm wrong on that)
Brilliant
Is it true that the reason why labio-alveolar sounds are not used as contrastive sounds is that labio-alveolars are not possible to make?
You are awesome!
it's very helpful . thanks
Alfine Argoncillo Glad you liked it and found it useful! ^_^
you are really helpful thank you
Awesome!
Thanks! ^_^
this is awesome.
Thank you 😊
thank you so much
Sir.Abod You're welcome! Glad we could help. ^_^
Did you stop making videos? Do you still post content anywhere?
Is the maner and the place of articulation are the same ???? answer me please
your video did not cover non-pulmonic sounds, but other than that it was really good.
Luckily, we have a whole other episode covering those here! ruclips.net/video/JKP10ARLnzM/видео.html
that's cool thanks
9:55 you were to suppose to wait....
Hello sir. May I ask for the negative version of mature... which is immature, why do we actually pair the /m/ in im with /m/ in mature? Would you know the explanation behind it?
this is very good...
this is related to my own subject in university...
But, it will be nice if you try to speak more slowly...
it will sounds good ... :)
Thank you
>I'm NDONESIAN
Thanks for watching! We do have subtitles, if that helps? I am making a bit more of an effort to talk more slowly in some of our most recent ones. But we'll see. ^_^
/w/ is bilabial and velar.
great
great...👍
Thanks! ^_^
How do you pronounce the pharyngeal / epiglottal plosive? I'm not sure if I'm doing it right; I might be pronouncing an uvular plosive.
+Nicholas Weston Pharyngeal sounds are made by moving the tongue root back towards the pharynx to make the closure. So it should be below the uvula. It's possible for people to make this closure complete, but most people can't, which is perhaps why there isn't a dedicated IPA symbol for it - it's not really used crosslinguistically.
Epiglottal stops, on the other hand, are made by moving the epiglottis having contact with the epiglottal folds. So this is actually articulated very low in the vocal tract, just above the larynx itself. Again, sounds here aren't that common crosslinguistically, but some Caucasian languages and some dialects of Arabic have them. ^_^
Tommorow is my report about thjs😀
great and very informative! i thought you spoke a bit too quickly though!
most ipa charts dont have linguolabials as a place of articulation
♥
Wow! YOu talk so fast but it was useful. Thanks a lot!
Can someone please let me know what happens in manner and place of articulation when we say the phrase "HIDE THE MONEY"?
Why are all nasals, trills, flaps, lateral fricatives, approximates and lateral approximates in the IPA always voiced? What’s the deal with that? I know languages like Icelandic and Biblical Hebrew use the voiceless alveolar nasal [n̥] or [n̊], like in the Icelandic word _hnífur_ ‘knife’ but why doesn’t any language treat voiceless nasals are separate phonemes from their voiced counterparts?
nice shirt!
I don't know. Ing and ong feel like they're in different places.
Tq sir so much correct
awesome tshirt
Mey i know why the place of articulation are 7 and the manner of articulation are 6?
the fourth factor is how good speaker can pronoun them without the mother-tone-sound bias
I neeeeed that T Shirt
what about lateral vs central ?
+SI9 YA A good point! Lateral vs central airflow is definitely an important distinction. We'll come back to revisit the lateral section of the chart in more detail when we talk more about articulation in the future. Our thinking for the video was that it's already pretty long, and lateral vs. central is somewhat different from the places and manners; because it's a release thing, you can be both lateral and a fricative or approximant, etc. But we'll definitely address it in the future!
+SI9 YA I hope you will make a video about it soon, this one who already helpful but I have an exam so I need as much help as possible. Thank you so much for responding
Omg thanks. I have a test in 4 hours lol.
How come most of the world’s languages have more consonants than vowels? According to _Wikipedia_ most dialects of English has 24 consonant phonemes but only 12 vowels (goo.gl/juy08c), (standard) Turkish (of Turkey) has also 24 consonant phonemes but only 8 vowels (goo.gl/opKWxW) and Navajo has 38 consonant phonemes but only 16 vowel phonemes (goo.gl/dI2bbN). Why?
I'd assume it's just because there are way more easily pronounceable and distinguishable consonants sounds than vowel sounds. Simple as that. I think.
Also, I challenge you to find any language in which this is not true. Rotokas is the only language I can think of for which this _may_ be the case, but it certainly is not definite.
Lord Marcellus I think that is true, I often have an easier time hearing the difference between to consonants than between to vowels.
Regarding the challenge, I accept it! I do believe I have found a language that has more vowels than consonants: Hawaiian! For English, I only counted monophthongs so I am not allowed to count the diphthongs in Hawaiian. The language of Hawaii, Hawaiian, has, according to _Wikipedia_ (goo.gl/AMeqwR), a total of *10* monophthongs but only *8* consonants! The consonant phonemes are /p, k ~ t, ʔ, h, m, n, l, w ~ v/ and the vowels phonemes are /u, i, o, e, a, u:, i:, o:, e:, a:, u:/.
Well, it depends, for example, if you're counting /a:/ as /aa/ or as a completely separate phoneme. And there's no right or wrong answer to this.
But can you name a language that has more vowels than consonants not counting long vowels? I will be shocked if there is one.
But the /w/ sound is bilabial
+Ahmad Muhammad Well, it is both labial and velar! It's true you use your lips for it, but you also raise the body of your tongue up towards the soft palate. That's why [w] is listed in other symbols on the IPA chart - it's got two different places of articulation at once, and leaving either out gives you a different sound.
Thanks for ur reply
please could u send me the adress of the video talking about the vowels chart
ibtissam bahmad That would be this video here! ruclips.net/video/arMntA15A0s/видео.html
The Ling Space tnx a lot men !!
The Ling Space a massive thanks from morocco :)
There is a sound in a few dialects of spanish that I'm having trouble recognising in IPA. It appears when there's an "s" before a "t" like in "esto", "listo" or "basta". In standard spanish, it would sound [s] but in normal speech in buenos aires you hear it as a sort of exhalation. A puff of air comes out after the preceding vowel unimpeded until the [t] closes the airflow (I think the tongue doesnt move between the vowel and the [t]). Is such a sound represented in IPA? (If you need to hear it, tell me how I can record it and send it to you)
Thanks a lot, and love the videos
Cool! Never occured to me to look for that wikipedia page. I didn't think it'd be an [h] because it appears (to me) the air moves much more loosely, but I guess it's fair enough.
Thanks
i think so i ask in urdu,