Low energy supersymmetry is ruled out. However, this is not prediced by string theory. What is predicted is that the low energy effective actions of string theories are supergravity theories and they are high energy supersymmetric.
I’ve been hearing about string theory my whole life. I don’t know anything, but I’m suspicious when-after all this time and collective effort-all he can say is “the math is beautiful”.
I have been watching so many videos on the String Theory and I feel like that physicist are too invested in trying to prove/disprove this theory that they aren’t even exploring other possibilities. Just my take.
String theory ties a lot of things together & things show up itself unintended which makes total sense like he said, so that makes it top in the list of theories of single unified theory! That's what I understood!
It’s a legitimate mathematical question how much can string theory explain, and the possibility of explaining the number of macroscopic dimensions sounds impressive. Maybe it’s an argument for string theory’s validity, maybe not, but I don’t care to be honest - it’s all very hypothetical anyway. But I still want to know how much can be explained, so I believe this line of research to be at least as valuable as pure maths. Maybe string theory should be moved to maths departments or even to philosophy departments, maybe more should be invested in other theories of quantum gravity, but constructing explanations is fruitful. I believe developers of different models should be considered collaborators, not rivals. They're like astronomers looking into different parts of the sky, exploring worlds that will never be touched. The question is whether we should focus on worlds which are close to us or on those which are particularily odd and potentially surprising.
Where did the string theorist hide from the experimentalist? At the center of a black hole. How did the string theorist hide from the experimentalist? By curling into a tiny ball. What did the string theorist give to his sweetheart SUSY? An even bigger accelerator. Why did the string theorist cross the road? To get to the 10th dimension. When will the string theorist write a field equation? Ten years from now, for thirty years. How many string theorists does it take to change a light bulb? 10^500.
"Take a random dimension from 1 to infinity." It's strange how he takes a theoretical concept - dimensions - and uses it as something real. Mathematicians come up with some math, call it a dimension and we are supposed to treat is as something real. I do admit that I need to educate myself on what dimensions exactly are. That said, I would be very surprised if dimensions beyond the 3 "classic" ones weren't created by a mathematical sleight of hand.
String Theory was not a waste of time. Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist. The model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles. .
Math is the language we use to describe the world, string theory is math looking for a world to describe. Experiment/verifiable prediction or GTFO. Calling math beautiful is subjective, and not a basis for truth.
Yeah... I understand why you want to say this but that would imply that eintstein has no reason to believe in gr until we were able to send up gravity probes to directly measure gravitational time dilation. That's not the case. In so far as string theory gives us useful ideas and paradigms it's a useful idea even if it isn't the truth.
@@misteratoz His theory has been proved within next couple years of giving his theory. Ask those string theorists to perform an experiment and to set a criteria of falsifiability. They will invent invent new variables in spite of reducing them.
Gurdjieff tried to explain the physical mechanisms of strings, but, on account of using the word "hydrogens" to talk about modes of vibration, he could not be understood. This was on account of him hearing that science had discovered the most fundamental matter and had given it that name. He thought that they had discovered the primal vibrationary mode, so he used their word "hydrogens" meaning "vibratory modes". Strings, like the other tweakable mathematical models from QM to QED and GR are "blind men's reports of the elephant" as spear, snake, fan, barrel, tree and whip. The reason the views taken all miss the elephant itself is the blindness. Blindness is created by paradigm. Geocentricism blinded us to planetary orbital dynamics. Chronocentric Atomism blinds us to the fundamental. Escape Chronocentricism and Atomism … strings will have a physical, mechanistic explanation. The cyclic rise and collapse of the not-exactly-zero volumes of strings yields gravity. But escaping atomism is hard. Some hints/encouragements: Notice that string theory maths are really useful to hydraulic engineers. Take the Young's modulus of "empty space" seriously. That which we call "empty space" in the atomistic model is 20 orders of magnitude stiffer than diamond. If that doesn't help, take an afternoon to smoke a cigar, blow smoke rings, and gaze into a glass of champagne.
@@FordFourD-aka-Ford4D Invert atomism. Instead of bits of somethingness bouncing around in a nothingness … "matter" is "strings".. threads of pure vacuum spun open by generally toroidal vortices. Spun open from the one indivisible substance, probably best modelled as a superfluid/supersolid. Interlinking and knitting toroidal vortices are interlinked centrifuges. thus gives them momentum Collapsed by the vibration/impulse of the high pressure moment … reappearing probabilistically in the low pressure moment. That repeated collapse of matter yields the motions/force called gravity. .. about as direct as I can be. invert atomism .. even if just as a thought experiment.
Conservation of Spatial Curvature (both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature) Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension? What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine. Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules: “We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr (lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958) The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics? When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry. Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other. Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons? Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension? Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons . Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules. Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves. The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge. >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137. 1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface 137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted. The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.) >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter? >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles? ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. The model grew out of that simple idea. I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles. .
@@SpotterVideo I find the visualisations of Eric Weinstein's geometric unity very compelling. Just, a pity the paradigm obscures the simple and elegant mechanism which gives rise to that geometry. I like your interest in exploring a physical explanation, and suggest you take it further, seeking plain-language concepts, or at least analogies whenever you use a mathematically specific word. .. that's if understanding is the goal. If reaching the minds in the various echo chambers within academic physics is what you want to do, you will have to develop a mathematical model which can do better data-fitting than competing models, that being their main criterion for consideration.
@@advaitrahasya Thank you for the kind response. They are very rare these days. During the last few weeks, I did some research into the "Vortex Theory" proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century. Although the idea of the "ether" has now been abandoned, I believe these men were on the right track and in some ways their theory may be related to my model. I was trained as a Biologist. I do not have the math background needed to complete the framework of this model. I know my limitations. It has been my hope that a mathematician would see fit to help complete the concept. Anyone who is willing to help in that effort is welcome to do so.
I think that the education system (universities etc.) are too kind for the space of information that people should know how to handle it. Some sort of push to the amount information, that there is, should exist. Some kind of artificial push in order to make us understand the things around us.
As someone working in "higher education", I find it absurd how theories are taught as fact, with countless courses/books/tests/etc. assuming they're absolute truths.
I think you are conflating the terms hypothesis and theory. Scientists often do when they discuss in public. They might stop themselves and say “model” as a correction.
@@Artecus "theory of evolution" "big bang theory" "Einstein's theory of General Relativity" "theory of everything" etc. etc. Not conflagrating anything 😏
There is a thick line where both physics and metaphysics seem to overlap, there is no clear boundary! You know Newton's physics just worked and seemed to be experimentally verified until proven to be only an approximation - a really useful and elegant approximation, but the more accurate physics needed much more effort to be proven and was also frowned upon in the beginning. My largest concerns are about the utility of string theory (e.g. compared to Newton's physics). With Newton you can build (better) machines (right now), with string theory, you can justify more obscure maths. It remains to be proven really useful, such as the updates to Newton by Einstein et al.
@@debtanupatra3385 Who would have thought that physics and medical sciences converge in their methods, running statistical methods on top whether they can trust their empirical results in the end? My view on physics has been deterministic so far, and I have never been satisfied with statistical approaches in quantum physics or even thermodynamics. That's like those statistical approaches on prime numbers: It sort of works with large numbers, but not always and not reliably.
@@michaelmuller4356 The job of science is to make predictions with available variables. But these 10 dimentional theories make new variables after the results are found. And its worse than medical science. Medical science atleast works with even falsifiable emperical data...but string theory simply escapes any sort of falsifiability !
The quarks in its core ,or soul ,or spirit ,it's true nature are emotions shaping the physical into what we observing it producing in the physical... One can be wisdom , another Love . Another knowledge another care . One altruism. Another a 'bolt' off hatred. Depending on what the physical structure is at its core,the one attracted the specific particles or quarks. Like magnets . The ones coming in was attracted,or chasing after that which is the main structure or component off those quarks attraction towards,or into which,or where it's detected or found,or guest too be at , place . Does the atom cap then incapacitate all the different quarks .. The atom is almost as the train carriage and the quarks are the , as ordered , or are they both thé needed ones at the same time, humans send to do or perform the law or rule it has ingrained within itself , like with magnets , just from invisible into and ,becoming part of the physical , because of the objects characteristics it is being drawn to,or attracted by,or summoned by .. the setting into motion event, or circumstances occurring inside the object .. A general Law the Law of sin and death First there was darkness , then suddenly came Light ! It's how it was and still is today , but this too shall pass away ,and look ,all things have become new
"... there has been zero evidence for string theory ..." I totally disagree. String theory without Fredkin's finite nature hypothesis implies gravitational energy is conserved, dark mater particles exist, the Friedmann model is empirically valid, and dark-matter-compensation-constant = 0. I say that Gravity Pobe B's 4 ultra-precise DIR NOT malfunction but instead functionaed correctly and confirmed the essential hypothesis
DARK-MATTER-COMPENSATION-CONSTANT = (3.9±.5) * 10^-5 (which is relativistic MOND) - and the most important prediction of string theory with Fredkin's finite nature hypothesis. (Pardon the typos.)
God is not predicted by maths. String theory is, just like Higgs Boson was predicted by maths before it was possible for us to experimentally verify it
@@goochipoochie If God is (just) a product of people's minds (which we could argue to have evidence for) and if we assume the brain to use computation from the input parameters to an output parameters (which we we have some evidence for), then we could argue that God is predicted by math, and might even exist outside the brain as it stems from the natural input to the brain. Just use less ambiguous definitions, just ask the right question, or put the question the right way, then proving a theory is easy like in Ancient Greece.
![Chlöe - Shake (Feat. Jeremih) [Official Visualizer]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/aDs_1ufpfv8/mqdefault.jpg)
i had to watch it twice but i get it... i love physics
I’ve watched it twice. Gonna have to watch a couple more times I think lmao
This isn’t physics. This is abstract maths that has no bearing on the physical world
Problem is that the Large Hadron Collider has not verified super symmetry.
It only verified supersymmetric nonsense.
Low energy supersymmetry is ruled out. However, this is not prediced by string theory. What is predicted is that the low energy effective actions of string theories are supergravity theories and they are high energy supersymmetric.
That's just one of its innumerable problems...
Thx Mr. Degrasse-Tyson
I’ve been hearing about string theory my whole life. I don’t know anything, but I’m suspicious when-after all this time and collective effort-all he can say is “the math is beautiful”.
I have been watching so many videos on the String Theory and I feel like that physicist are too invested in trying to prove/disprove this theory that they aren’t even exploring other possibilities. Just my take.
String theory ties a lot of things together & things show up itself unintended which makes total sense like he said, so that makes it top in the list of theories of single unified theory! That's what I understood!
If this is our best bet we are totally fucked....
This theory has no predictions and escapes falsifiability. This is 10 dimentional supersymmetric nonsense.
@@debtanupatra3385 Says the layman lmao.
It’s a legitimate mathematical question how much can string theory explain, and the possibility of explaining the number of macroscopic dimensions sounds impressive. Maybe it’s an argument for string theory’s validity, maybe not, but I don’t care to be honest - it’s all very hypothetical anyway. But I still want to know how much can be explained, so I believe this line of research to be at least as valuable as pure maths. Maybe string theory should be moved to maths departments or even to philosophy departments, maybe more should be invested in other theories of quantum gravity, but constructing explanations is fruitful. I believe developers of different models should be considered collaborators, not rivals. They're like astronomers looking into different parts of the sky, exploring worlds that will never be touched. The question is whether we should focus on worlds which are close to us or on those which are particularily odd and potentially surprising.
So Holographic Universe theory by Susskind is also String Theory?
I haven't read his theory, but yup. Sure.
Yes it is and it is from Maldacena 1998. Most cited article in high energy physics by far
is it possible to consider weird quantum phenomenon as other dimensions that we can not see or experience?
Never understood how everything can be made of fields and waves yet string theorists say everything is really made of strings. So they're not fields?
Enjoying this conversations. Keep them coming. ...
he did not answer the question lmao
but holy sh!t that answer
I do hope lex gets asked to go on the infinite monkey cage
Thanks. Got it
This guy is so cool
At 2:16 Lex looks like he couldn't care less about what the guy is saying, lol.
Where did the string theorist hide from the experimentalist?
At the center of a black hole.
How did the string theorist hide from the experimentalist?
By curling into a tiny ball.
What did the string theorist give to his sweetheart SUSY?
An even bigger accelerator.
Why did the string theorist cross the road?
To get to the 10th dimension.
When will the string theorist write a field equation?
Ten years from now, for thirty years.
How many string theorists does it take to change a light bulb?
10^500.
You should have Sabine on and have her talk about string theory when Cumrun returns.
"Take a random dimension from 1 to infinity." It's strange how he takes a theoretical concept - dimensions - and uses it as something real. Mathematicians come up with some math, call it a dimension and we are supposed to treat is as something real. I do admit that I need to educate myself on what dimensions exactly are. That said, I would be very surprised if dimensions beyond the 3 "classic" ones weren't created by a mathematical sleight of hand.
String Theory was not a waste of time. Geometry is the key to Math and Physics.
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles?
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Force" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist. The model grew out of that simple idea.
I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
.
Isn't any number from 1 to infinity have the same probability?
yea but how likely it is to be 10- rather then 10+ ? infinite chance.
Math is the language we use to describe the world, string theory is math looking for a world to describe. Experiment/verifiable prediction or GTFO. Calling math beautiful is subjective, and not a basis for truth.
Yeah... I understand why you want to say this but that would imply that eintstein has no reason to believe in gr until we were able to send up gravity probes to directly measure gravitational time dilation. That's not the case. In so far as string theory gives us useful ideas and paradigms it's a useful idea even if it isn't the truth.
@@misteratoz His theory has been proved within next couple years of giving his theory. Ask those string theorists to perform an experiment and to set a criteria of falsifiability. They will invent invent new variables in spite of reducing them.
theresd so much more than strings though we need to move on !
Gurdjieff tried to explain the physical mechanisms of strings, but, on account of using the word "hydrogens" to talk about modes of vibration, he could not be understood. This was on account of him hearing that science had discovered the most fundamental matter and had given it that name. He thought that they had discovered the primal vibrationary mode, so he used their word "hydrogens" meaning "vibratory modes".
Strings, like the other tweakable mathematical models from QM to QED and GR are "blind men's reports of the elephant" as spear, snake, fan, barrel, tree and whip.
The reason the views taken all miss the elephant itself is the blindness. Blindness is created by paradigm.
Geocentricism blinded us to planetary orbital dynamics.
Chronocentric Atomism blinds us to the fundamental.
Escape Chronocentricism and Atomism … strings will have a physical, mechanistic explanation. The cyclic rise and collapse of the not-exactly-zero volumes of strings yields gravity.
But escaping atomism is hard.
Some hints/encouragements:
Notice that string theory maths are really useful to hydraulic engineers.
Take the Young's modulus of "empty space" seriously. That which we call "empty space" in the atomistic model is 20 orders of magnitude stiffer than diamond.
If that doesn't help, take an afternoon to smoke a cigar, blow smoke rings, and gaze into a glass of champagne.
Seems like you're hinting at something… why don't you just outright say it?
@@FordFourD-aka-Ford4D Invert atomism.
Instead of bits of somethingness bouncing around in a nothingness …
"matter" is "strings".. threads of pure vacuum spun open by generally toroidal vortices.
Spun open from the one indivisible substance, probably best modelled as a superfluid/supersolid.
Interlinking and knitting toroidal vortices are interlinked centrifuges. thus gives them momentum
Collapsed by the vibration/impulse of the high pressure moment … reappearing probabilistically in the low pressure moment.
That repeated collapse of matter yields the motions/force called gravity.
.. about as direct as I can be.
invert atomism .. even if just as a thought experiment.
Conservation of Spatial Curvature (both Matter and Energy described as "Quanta" of Spatial Curvature)
Is there an alternative interpretation of "Asymptotic Freedom"? What if Quarks are actually made up of twisted tubes which become physically entangled with two other twisted tubes to produce a proton? Instead of the Strong Force being mediated by the exchange of gluons, it would be mediated by the physical entanglement of these twisted tubes. When only two twisted tubules are entangled, a meson is produced which is unstable and rapidly unwinds (decays) into something else. A proton would be analogous to three twisted rubber bands becoming entangled and the "Quarks" would be the places where the tubes are tangled together. The behavior would be the same as rubber balls (representing the Quarks) connected with twisted rubber bands being separated from each other or placed closer together producing the exact same phenomenon as "Asymptotic Freedom" in protons and neutrons. The force would become greater as the balls are separated, but the force would become less if the balls were placed closer together.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
String Theory was not a waste of time, because Geometry is the key to Math and Physics. However, can we describe Standard Model interactions using only one extra spatial dimension?
What if we describe subatomic particles as spatial curvature, instead of trying to describe General Relativity as being mediated by particles? Fixing the Standard Model with more particles is like trying to mend a torn fishing net with small rubber balls, instead of a piece of twisted twine.
Quantum Entangled Twisted Tubules:
“We are all agreed that your theory is crazy. The question which divides us is whether it is crazy enough to have a chance of being correct.” Neils Bohr
(lecture on a theory of elementary particles given by Wolfgang Pauli in New York, c. 1957-8, in Scientific American vol. 199, no. 3, 1958)
The following is meant to be a generalized framework for an extension of Kaluza-Klein Theory. Does it agree with the “Twistor Theory” of Roger Penrose, and the work of Eric Weinstein on “Geometric Unity”? During the early history of mankind, the twisting of fibers was used to produce thread, and this thread was used to produce fabrics. The twist of the thread is locked up within these fabrics. Is matter made up of twisted 3D-4D structures which store spatial curvature that we describe as “particles"? Are the twist cycles the "quanta" of Quantum Mechanics?
When we draw a sine wave on a blackboard, we are representing spatial curvature. Does a photon transfer spatial curvature from one location to another? Wrap a piece of wire around a pencil and it can produce a 3D coil of wire, much like a spring. When viewed from the side it can look like a two-dimensional sine wave. You could coil the wire with either a right-hand twist, or with a left-hand twist. Could Planck's Constant be proportional to the twist cycles. A photon with a higher frequency has more energy. ( E=hf, More spatial curvature as the frequency increases = more Energy ). What if gluons are actually made up of these twisted tubes which become entangled with other tubes to produce quarks. (In the same way twisted electrical extension cords can become entangled.) Therefore, the gluons are a part of the quarks. Quarks cannot exist without gluons, and vice-versa. Mesons are made up of two entangled tubes (Quarks/Gluons), while protons and neutrons would be made up of three entangled tubes. (Quarks/Gluons) The "Color Charge" would be related to the XYZ coordinates (orientation) of entanglement. "Asymptotic Freedom", and "flux tubes" are logically based on this concept. The Dirac “belt trick” also reveals the concept of twist in the ½ spin of subatomic particles. If each twist cycle is proportional to h, we have identified the source of Quantum Mechanics as a consequence twist cycle geometry.
Modern physicists say the Strong Force is mediated by a constant exchange of Mesons. The diagrams produced by some modern physicists actually represent the Strong Force like a spring connecting the two quarks. Asymptotic Freedom acts like real springs. Their drawing is actually more correct than their theory and matches perfectly to what I am saying in this model. You cannot separate the Gluons from the Quarks because they are a part of the same thing. The Quarks are the places where the Gluons are entangled with each other.
Neutrinos would be made up of a twisted torus (like a twisted donut) within this model. The twist in the torus can either be Right-Hand or Left-Hand. Some twisted donuts can be larger than others, which can produce three different types of neutrinos. If a twisted tube winds up on one end and unwinds on the other end as it moves through space, this would help explain the “spin” of normal particles, and perhaps also the “Higgs Field”. However, if the end of the twisted tube joins to the other end of the twisted tube forming a twisted torus (neutrino), would this help explain “Parity Symmetry” violation in Beta Decay? Could the conversion of twist cycles to writhe cycles through the process of supercoiling help explain “neutrino oscillations”? Spatial curvature (mass) would be conserved, but the structure could change.
Gravity is a result of a very small curvature imbalance within atoms. (This is why the force of gravity is so small.) Instead of attempting to explain matter as "particles", this concept attempts to explain matter more in the manner of our current understanding of the space-time curvature of gravity. If an electron has qualities of both a particle and a wave, it cannot be either one. It must be something else. Therefore, a "particle" is actually a structure which stores spatial curvature. Can an electron-positron pair (which are made up of opposite directions of twist) annihilate each other by unwinding into each other producing Gamma Ray photons?
Does an electron travel through space like a threaded nut traveling down a threaded rod, with each twist cycle proportional to Planck’s Constant? Does it wind up on one end, while unwinding on the other end? Is this related to the Higgs field? Does this help explain the strange ½ spin of many subatomic particles? Does the 720 degree rotation of a 1/2 spin particle require at least one extra dimension?
Alpha decay occurs when the two protons and two neutrons (which are bound together by entangled tubes), become un-entangled from the rest of the nucleons
. Beta decay occurs when the tube of a down quark/gluon in a neutron becomes overtwisted and breaks producing a twisted torus (neutrino) and an up quark, and the ejected electron. The production of the torus may help explain the “Symmetry Violation” in Beta Decay, because one end of the broken tube section is connected to the other end of the tube produced, like a snake eating its tail. The phenomenon of Supercoiling involving twist and writhe cycles may reveal how overtwisted quarks can produce these new particles. The conversion of twists into writhes, and vice-versa, is an interesting process, which is also found in DNA molecules.
Gamma photons are produced when a tube unwinds producing electromagnetic waves.
The “Electric Charge” of electrons or positrons would be the result of one twist cycle being displayed at the 3D-4D surface interface of the particle. The physical entanglement of twisted tubes in quarks within protons and neutrons and mesons displays an overall external surface charge of an integer number. Because the neutrinos do not have open tube ends, (They are a twisted torus.) they have no overall electric charge.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Within this model a black hole could represent a quantum of gravity, because it is one cycle of spatial gravitational curvature. Therefore, instead of a graviton being a subatomic particle it could be considered to be a black hole. The overall gravitational attraction would be caused by a very tiny curvature imbalance within atoms. We know there is an unequal distribution of electrical charge within each atom because the positive charge is concentrated within the nucleus, even though the overall electrical charge of the atom is balanced by equal positive and negative charge.
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
In this model Alpha equals the compactification ratio within the twistor cone, which is approximately 1/137.
1= Hypertubule diameter at 4D interface
137= Cone’s larger end diameter at 3D interface where the photons are absorbed or emitted.
The 4D twisted Hypertubule gets longer or shorter as twisting or untwisting occurs. (720 degrees per twist cycle.)
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
How many neutrinos are left over from the Big Bang? They have a small mass, but they could be very large in number. Could this help explain Dark Matter?
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
Why did Paul Dirac use the twist in a belt to help explain particle spin? Is Dirac’s belt trick related to this model? Is the “Quantum” unit based on twist cycles?
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
I started out imagining a subatomic Einstein-Rosen Bridge whose internal surface is twisted with either a Right-Hand twist, or a Left-Hand twist producing a twisted 3D/4D membrane. The model grew out of that simple idea.
I was also trying to imagine a way to stuff the curvature of a 3 D sine wave into subatomic particles.
.
@@SpotterVideo I find the visualisations of Eric Weinstein's geometric unity very compelling. Just, a pity the paradigm obscures the simple and elegant mechanism which gives rise to that geometry.
I like your interest in exploring a physical explanation, and suggest you take it further, seeking plain-language concepts, or at least analogies whenever you use a mathematically specific word.
.. that's if understanding is the goal.
If reaching the minds in the various echo chambers within academic physics is what you want to do, you will have to develop a mathematical model which can do better data-fitting than competing models, that being their main criterion for consideration.
@@advaitrahasya
Thank you for the kind response. They are very rare these days. During the last few weeks, I did some research into the "Vortex Theory" proposed by Maxwell and others during the 19th century. Although the idea of the "ether" has now been abandoned, I believe these men were on the right track and in some ways their theory may be related to my model.
I was trained as a Biologist. I do not have the math background needed to complete the framework of this model. I know my limitations. It has been my hope that a mathematician would see fit to help complete the concept. Anyone who is willing to help in that effort is welcome to do so.
I think that the education system (universities etc.) are too kind for the space of information that people should know how to handle it. Some sort of push to the amount information, that there is, should exist. Some kind of artificial push in order to make us understand the things around us.
As someone working in "higher education", I find it absurd how theories are taught as fact, with countless courses/books/tests/etc. assuming they're absolute truths.
As someone working in higher education you should actually understand the definition of theory in science
So does this mean you question Newton and the "theory" of gravity? Or are you comfortable enough with how observations reliably match the predictions?
@@nephalm5357 "...this new learning amazes me..." -Monty Python and the Quest for the Holy Grail.
I think you are conflating the terms hypothesis and theory. Scientists often do when they discuss in public. They might stop themselves and say “model” as a correction.
@@Artecus "theory of evolution" "big bang theory" "Einstein's theory of General Relativity" "theory of everything" etc. etc. Not conflagrating anything 😏
Extremely vague answer on experimental tests. No experimental data -> no physics, only one of the many possible hypothesis.
Hugh Ross covers this topic well.
Maybe I am very dumb but explanations and arguments from 7:10 onwards seems so vague and sort of "made up", not at all convincing.
Amazing talk!! Kind of only got the part that 1 plus 1 is 2, 2 plus 2 is 4, but somehow I learned something
Nah mate, String Hypothesis is bollocks
thats an unfortunate name
If its not experimentally verifiable its not physics, its just metaphysical philosophy
There is a thick line where both physics and metaphysics seem to overlap, there is no clear boundary! You know Newton's physics just worked and seemed to be experimentally verified until proven to be only an approximation - a really useful and elegant approximation, but the more accurate physics needed much more effort to be proven and was also frowned upon in the beginning. My largest concerns are about the utility of string theory (e.g. compared to Newton's physics). With Newton you can build (better) machines (right now), with string theory, you can justify more obscure maths. It remains to be proven really useful, such as the updates to Newton by Einstein et al.
@@michaelmuller4356 Ask them whats the accuracy of their experiments in LHC. Less than 10%.
@@debtanupatra3385 Who would have thought that physics and medical sciences converge in their methods, running statistical methods on top whether they can trust their empirical results in the end? My view on physics has been deterministic so far, and I have never been satisfied with statistical approaches in quantum physics or even thermodynamics. That's like those statistical approaches on prime numbers: It sort of works with large numbers, but not always and not reliably.
@@michaelmuller4356 The job of science is to make predictions with available variables. But these 10 dimentional theories make new variables after the results are found. And its worse than medical science. Medical science atleast works with even falsifiable emperical data...but string theory simply escapes any sort of falsifiability !
The quarks in its core ,or soul ,or spirit ,it's true nature are emotions shaping the physical into what we observing it producing in the physical...
One can be wisdom , another Love . Another knowledge another care . One altruism. Another a 'bolt' off hatred. Depending on what the physical structure is at its core,the one attracted the specific particles or quarks. Like magnets . The ones coming in was attracted,or chasing after that which is the main structure or component off those quarks attraction towards,or into which,or where it's detected or found,or guest too be at , place . Does the atom cap then incapacitate all the different quarks .. The atom is almost as the train carriage and the quarks are the , as ordered , or are they both thé needed ones at the same time, humans send to do or perform the law or rule it has ingrained within itself , like with magnets , just from invisible into and ,becoming part of the physical , because of the objects characteristics it is being drawn to,or attracted by,or summoned by .. the setting into motion event, or circumstances occurring inside the object ..
A general Law the Law of sin and death
First there was darkness , then suddenly came Light !
It's how it was and still is today , but this too shall pass away ,and look ,all things have become new
"... there has been zero evidence for string theory ..." I totally disagree. String theory without Fredkin's finite nature hypothesis implies gravitational energy is conserved, dark mater particles exist, the Friedmann model is empirically valid, and dark-matter-compensation-constant = 0. I say that Gravity Pobe B's 4 ultra-precise DIR NOT malfunction but instead functionaed correctly and confirmed the essential hypothesis
DARK-MATTER-COMPENSATION-CONSTANT = (3.9±.5) * 10^-5 (which is relativistic MOND) - and the most important prediction of string theory with Fredkin's finite nature hypothesis. (Pardon the typos.)
sounds like lex is convinced eric weinstein is wrong.
There is skepticism? Real haters, that's what there is out there... You find fervient opponents of String Theory..
Lex looks like Khabib, just shaved.
not sure..
3+1(4159...)
actually muonic fields
Compactified dimensions is absurd.
💸💶💸💷💸
If you can make the leap and believe in string theory than you might as well believe there can be a God. There's really no difference.
God is not predicted by maths. String theory is, just like Higgs Boson was predicted by maths before it was possible for us to experimentally verify it
@@goochipoochie If God is (just) a product of people's minds (which we could argue to have evidence for) and if we assume the brain to use computation from the input parameters to an output parameters (which we we have some evidence for), then we could argue that God is predicted by math, and might even exist outside the brain as it stems from the natural input to the brain. Just use less ambiguous definitions, just ask the right question, or put the question the right way, then proving a theory is easy like in Ancient Greece.
@@goochipoochie To be honest Higgs particle is not varified....if you call the accuracy of less than 10% a evidence then it may be.
Third. Aye
Third eye!? 😂 LoL, I couldn't RESIST being Punny.
No idea what you're talking about
String theory is mathematical fanfiction bro, stop the cope
sounds like a bunch of malarkey
Not only is it hard to follow Dr Vafa’s explanation, it’s nearly impossible for me to take seriously a man whose name reminds me of a naked 5K………..
💀
as a physicists I can say that these arguments are a bunch of nonsense, 2 plus 2 are four, this guy is an absolute joke