2-Minute Neuroscience: Caffeine
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- Опубликовано: 24 сен 2024
- Caffeine is the most widely-used mind-altering substance in the world. Although it's not completely clear how caffeine causes the stimulant effects it's well-known for, it's thought most of those effects are traceable back to its action as an antagonist at receptors for the neurotransmitter adenosine. In this video, I discuss how that antagonistic action may lead to arousal and wakefulness.
TRANSCRIPT:
Welcome to 2 minute neuroscience, where I simplistically explain neuroscience topics in 2 minutes or less. In this installment I will discuss caffeine.
Caffeine is a stimulant drug and the most widely-consumed mind-altering substance in the world. It belongs to a class of compounds known as the methylxanthines, and is commonly found in a number of natural sources including the seeds of coffee plants and the leaves of tea plants.
Most of the effects of caffeine are thought to be traceable back to its action as an antagonist at receptors for a neurotransmitter called adenosine. This means that caffeine binds to adenosine receptors and blocks adenosine from binding there and activating the receptor; thus, it reduces activity at the adenosine receptor. Although there are 4 subtypes of the adenosine receptor, most of caffeine’s effects are thought to be due to its antagonistic actions at the A1 and A2A subtypes. Its ability to promote wakefulness may be especially due to actions at the a2a receptor subtype.
How exactly the antagonism of the adenosine receptor translates into the effects of caffeine is not completely clear. Research suggests, however, that adenosine receptors are involved in promoting and regulating sleep. One way this is thought to occur is that adenosine activity can prompt the release of the neurotransmitter GABA, which then inhibits neurons involved in arousal and wakefulness. This promotes sleep, but when caffeine antagonizes adenosine receptors it opposes this action and causes arousal.
Adenosine receptors are also thought to be involved in reducing the activity of a number of neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine, through methods ranging from inhibiting neurotransmitter release to affecting neurotransmitter binding. Thus, caffeine also blocks these effects, which may contribute to caffeine’s stimulating and reinforcing actions.
REFERENCES:
Fredholm BB, Bättig K, Holmén J, Nehlig A, Zvartau EE. Actions of caffeine in the brain with special reference to factors that contribute to its widespread use. Pharmacol Rev. 1999 Mar;51(1):83-133.
Huang ZL, Urade Y, Hayaishi O. Prostaglandins and adenosine in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Curr Opin Pharmacol. 2007 Feb;7(1):33-8. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
Huang ZL, Zhang Z, Qu WM. Roles of adenosine and its receptors in sleep-wake regulation. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2014;119:349-71. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-801022-8.00014-3.
Thanks. Now I know more about caffeine. And because I know more about caffeine I can enjoy caffeine more responsibly.
Over the last few years I've noticed most of my friends and family using coffee as their crutch, not realising that that groggy feeling in the morning is most likely caused by a caffeine overdose. And most of them refuse to listen. They assume that caffeine = wakefulness everytime forever with no side effects, and so problems remain.
I was always tired in the morning before caffeine, being naturally a hardcore night owl. I am currently looking up caffeine on RUclips to try to find exactly how to use it best in a way that is an improvement over that condition without becoming used to and dependent on it, beyond what I already know (don't take caffeine after 2pm or so).
Thank you for this video. I have been trying to find out if caffeine can cause myoclonic twitches. I started with twitches last November and read that caffeine could be a cause. I’ve now stopped drinking caffeine altogether. I’m on day 10 and have noticed the twitches have reduced.
I explain this to my clients, along with the half life of caffeine so they can time their consumption against the time they want to sleep. This was helpful. I didn't realize how much adenosine promotes GABA release!
Best time to consume caffeine is 9:30 AM - 12:30 PM because that's when cortisol begins to decrease
Wouldn't this be relative to one's sleep schedule and exposure of daylight?
Great and easy to understand presentation. I love learning how various pathways work and how we can alter those pathways by introducing external chemicals (i.e. drugs, herbs, foods, etc.). Keep up the great work.
How in gods name is this easy to understand.
One Week Off Of Soda/Cokes.
And Last Night, I Didn’t Need To Take Any Melatonin To Help Fall A Sleep.
I Gave Up Soda/Cokes On New Years Day.
I Had Been Taking Melatonin For Over A Year.
I Hated Taking The Melatonin Every Night.
But If I Didn’t, I’d Be Up Until 3-4am.
Then Want To Sleep Until 1pm.
Being Addicted To Soda/Cokes Sucks.
I’m Heading In The Right Direction Now.
Nice Video!
May joy shine upon your path.
You're the best.
Am here studying for my exams🙏
> seeds of coffee plants
Based. Perfect.
excellent for my exam, thank you
Also the fact that we have adenosine receptors in almost every organ of our body. So essentially you got a metabolite that has a half life of 8 hours, that causes the continuous release of epinephrine, glucagon. Which also is why we see elevated levels of Trigylcerides in the blood with coffee drinkers. This is why caffeine is known to exhibit lipid mobilization. Caffeine causes the inhibition of phosphodiesterase, which allows easier, and more rapid contraction of the skeletal muscle system. Another reason this is caused is because caffeine causes an elevation in intracellular Calcium in the skeletal muscle fiber. Caffeine has also been known to cause modification of dopamine receptors in the brain, just as any other central nervous stimulant, such as Cocaine. To me this is one of the worse drugs for the body and mind, as it puts the person in a chronically elevated stress state for hours. Drinking coffee for long periods of time can cause subclinical hypercortocolism. So essentially long term, or even short term drinking may seem fun, but behind the mental effects it's anything besides happy. On top of that you put yourself into risk for development of Cardiovascular disease considering that caffeine increases heart BPM and contraction strength, while at the same time constricting vessels. That's basically pushing higher pressure in a smaller pipe, along with elevated triglycerides. That is literally how atherosclerosis is started.
How is worse than amphetamine stimulants?
How is it worse than alcohol or fentanyl?
Summary: Caffeine keeps you awake.
Jaco thanks for telling us 😂
Summary: well maybe you need sleep instead!
Thank you for two second neuroscience
why does it make me sleepy too sometimes ?
I actually said after the video, "And therefore.....". You finished it. Thank you.
Was waiting for this one!!....Really Helpful....Inspired and Appreciated!
do one on adenosine :D
I wish these videos existed 15-20 years ago, when I was still in pharmacy school 😅
Important details about our disappearing funds and the effort to retrieve them.
What if nicotine and caffeine come in contact..?
Nice. Caffeine also increases glutamate which is another important neurotransmitter. (MSG is a common dietary trigger to migraine).
Gaba
Even after coffee I can't help but sleep at 10am
Why not have cofee at 10:01
@@nolesy34😂😂😂😭
If naturally occuring adenosine receptor agonism is responsible for GABA receptor modulation, this may be the mechanism of the anxiogenic effects as well.
Antagonist is a blocker agonist is a stimulator
I was also taught in my biochemistry class that caffeine inhibits the degradation of acetylcholine. Is this also a contributing factor?
I’m watching this because I decided to drink a lot of pepsi and I’m shaking and my head hurts and I can’t sleep
what is the role of phosphodiesterase inhibition with caffeine?
Caffeine does inhibit phosphodiesterase, but it's a very weak phosphodiesterase inhibitor and it's not thought that the amount of caffeine people consume is enough to have a significant effect on phosphodiesterase. So phosphodiesterase inhibition is not generally considered to play an important role in the effects of caffeine in people.
So using small doses of caffeine will boost my adhd medication
You are definitely my favorite youtuber - may I ask what video editor you use to make your videos?
Thanks! It's called Videoscribe.
@@neurochallenged THANKS
This is absolutely superb. I had the pleasure of reading something similar, and it was absolutely superb. "Unlocking the Brain's Full Potential" by Alexander Sterling
Depending on the person. Some people it could depend on how much caffeine they have. How long it keeps them awake. Some people might stay awake for longer if they have more caffeine. And less long if they have less caffeine
Mans said bunch of nothing
It's amazing how many people think caffeine somehow gives you energy.
Thanks. Now I know more about caffeine? but caffe is me life!
Thanks a lot for this very helpful video! However there is something I don't understand, hopefully somebody can enlighten me! If caffeine simply prevents more adenosin from binding, shouldn't the effect be that we don't feel more tired than we are currently, instead of the effect being that we actually feel LESS tired?
Caffeine also inhibits phosphodiesterase, which blocks cAMP degradation, and therefore the epinephrine signaling pathway can last longer. It also increases cortisol levels. This triggers de production of energy.
Thanks
Stressed ? Enjoy a cup it will clear the stress and inhibit seizure
How does orexin act when there is caffeine involved?
Thanks sir for the information 😎
I like body building, but I am also what they call a ''hardainer'' it's very difficult for me to get any bigger in size and weight, a friend that is pretty good with knowing about hormones told me to drink less coffee, cuz it ''kills'' the adenosine so I'm like.. I want to improuve myself so for few days I been drinking only a few decaf. a day (opposed to 2-3 normal coffes for 10 years+) somebody more knowledgeble than me could explian me what adenosine dos and is it so important for me that I should keep going drinking only decaf? thx!
Your training sucks... Try Mike metzner training to failure with several days rest in between.... Eat mostly protein, tuna, and beef jerky.... Every few hours.... Take 70 minerals and 30 vitamins.... Sleep lots... Get your blood testosterone levels 300 low and 700 is high.... You may have normal low levels
I use caffeine to my advantage, as I have class early morning, then I take a nap mid day. Thanks to the caffeine crash 🤷🏻♂️.
How to attenuate the negative effects (i.e., adrenaline and jitters) from caffeine without blunting the good effects like altertness and athletic performance?
You kind of can't. If you're after alertness and athletic performance, ditch the caffeine entirely. What you want is some good old-fashioned high-protein meals and regular exercise. However, dark chocolate/cocoa has a high flavanol content, which contributes greatly to alertness, attention and memory skills.
I find neuroscience's lack of symmetry with literature (s/agonist/protagonist) disturbing.
But there is there any caffeine at all? I think is paraxanthine...
Thanks that explained nothing about what adenosine actually does
so niceeee
I'm guessing since I didn't have my caffeine is why I didn't understand most of this.
Kinda sorta helps with ADHD, at least the inattentive type
drink Sting which contains high caffeine
Poor guy can't explain it simply.
@00:27
Nicotine?
Watching this video cos I overdosed on caffeine.
MY ???????IS
300 mL of consumed caffeine in a 10 minute sitting = HOW CH aDRENALINE in an 8 hour portion of the day
Caffeine it's my wife it's my life haha
I don't get it... Need more coffee!
caffiiene is in the same category as meth or am i trippin?
You need more time.
are these people in the comment bota
Maybe don't use white subtitles on a white background?
Subtitles are provided through RUclips. But the default background color for subtitles is black, so it seems like you just might need to change your settings: support.google.com/youtube/answer/100078?hl=en&co=GENIE.Platform%3DDesktop#zippy=%2Cchange-default-size-style-of-captions
Too much sleep is harmful!
Did you know that the medical doctors that have a lot of extra education and training in surgery (surgeons) often work 48-hour shifts without sleeping? Some humans stay up for 72 hours or longer and they’re perfectly fine.
However, humans that sleep too long are typically less productive, less successful, less happy, less healthy, and have less time to do things that would make them more beneficial to others and happier. Plus, I assume that humans that sleep too much are less knowledgeable and less intelligent than humans that sleep significantly less than they do.
If you think that you sleep too much, buy neurostimulative drugs such as amphetamine, nicotine, caffeine, cocaine HCl, and/or methamphetamine, and self-administer them to stay awake longer to do things such as reading non-fiction books to actively learn, work longer, and/or go to the gym to lift weights to continuously become healthier and better looking.
Do not sleep eight hours per night!
the videos sounded to me too short and deficient of enough information, a very short sketch!
he basically said he doesnt know what cafeine doex in the brain hes guessimg
I find all this jargon really unhelpful. Bottom line: caffeine is really unhealthy for human beings because of its addictive qualities
I don’t think you’re the target audience for this video then friend. This is a clinical breakdown of the objective traits of a chemicals effect on the human body.
Yeah, this is what is really happening behind the scenes. If you can't handle the science, maybe start learning about chemistry, because just saying "it's unhealthy" is unhelpful, because it is barely even saying anything.
sort of OK. you need to simplyofy, but not over simplify.... make the next one... add effect of th POISON of caffeine on adrenals and production of adrenaline .. and there is much more. water deficiency... cause for deplation of minerals.... many more topics you need to cover.
Lame
I love this channel sm