Outbreaks - investigation and control
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- Опубликовано: 2 окт 2024
- Outbreak investigation and control are an important part of public health and global health work. Epidemic and outbreaks of infectious disease require a robust response that includes investigating the epidemiology, laboratory (or microbiology) and environmental characteristics of the outbreak and implementing control measures to prevent the spread of the pathogens or disease.
The video on case control and cohort studies is here: • Cohort and Case Contro...
The video on how to create an epi curve is here:
• How to create an epide...
The video on how to interpret an epi curve is here:
• Know how to interpret ...
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Always a pleasure to watch new Martin´s videos. They are full of technical information, and still easy to understand as they are prepared in a user-friendly way. Thank you.
thanks for the feedback Darina! Much appreciated. Please feel free to send me suggestions re future content!
What an awesome and informative video sir. Each and every video of yours motivates an mbbs graduate like me to pursue public health as a career option. I am pretty much interested in public health especially epidemiology ,prevention of vector borne diseases and health promotion.
this lecture for sure is relevant,it has helped me so much,thanks
You're most welcome John. Glad you found it relevant. :)
Im here cause of coronavirus
same
Sure, but did you notice the wheelchair? How is it not tilting?
And how is he sitting at all?
At WSAMC Mom fatally suffered 01/07/2016 thru 03/28/2016 -concealed Hospital aquired MRSA, Hepitus C, E-Colie Providencia Bacteria, C-Diff...etc.
I would have loved to see you assigning a role to the only two black women, who actually have a seat at the table.
Found you on YT and your Videos are great and very informative. Thanks for sharing your knowledge🖒
Thanks for the feedback. I'm glad that you found them informative. Please feel free to send suggestions re future content that you'd like to see on the channel.
I'm a final year student of biology who is looking at getting a masters degree in public health and your channel is my go-to place for everything I need to success. Thank you Mr Greg.
Wonderful lecture!
Mom fatally suffered Iatrogenic causation/concealed Pneumococcal Pneumonia
at Emory University Midtown 2012, Golden Living Rehab' Decatur 2013, Wellstar Atlanta Medical -South 2016...etc. Uninformed Pneumococcal Pneumonia, MRSA and E-colie bacteria during Hospitalization.
Was anyone else super confused by the banjo music near the end. Like why?
Very informative video, thank you so much. I have a group presentation on this, i hope ill be able to explain everything as well as you have.
Great video Dr Greg. I have a question. I am in my last year of my MPH program. My background is in dentistry so I don't have much public health related experience. How do I get an entry level job that isn't requesting 2 years experience as a lot of them do? I am worried about ending up unemployed.
Hi there - that's a hard question to answer in just a few sentences of text on here. I might try to make a video to address this issues. Will keep you posted.
Global Health with Greg Martin Thanks for answering my question. A video addressing this question would be really helpful for my friends and I. I truly appreciate your work on this RUclips channel.
You are most welcome Faith! :)
Great video series so far! Haven't finished them all but this is all very interesting (love the Pandemic video). I have a question on what people do these studies. At ~2:50, you talk about descriptive epidemiology. Who performs these analyses? I assume an epidemiologist (although I could be wrong), but is this usually done in clinics? Government offices? If a government office, which level - local, state, or federal - do these studies normally take place?
At ~4:30, you start to describe laboratory investigations. Again, who does these investigations? Is it in a clinical laboratory? Or is this done by a microbiologist at a University or elsewhere?
Again, I haven't completed the series so if you describe this in another video feel free to point me in that direction, otherwise I would love to hear back from you. Thank you!
Thanks for the excellent questions, Xander. Most countries have regional departments of public health that oversee surveillance of infectious disease, response to incidence of infection where ongoing spread in the widerpopulation is a risk and coordinate a reponse to outbreak. That process will invovle establishing an outbreac control team that includes micrbiologists, clinicians, public health specialists etc. The descriptive epidemiology is usually done by either a public health specialist or a surveilance scientist (both working at the department of public health). Think of the department of public health as an extention of the publically provided healthcare (like hospital care) but with a focus on the population instead of individual patients). Laboratory investigations will be undertaken by lab but the data may be colated with the epidemiological data by the public health specialist or surveilance scientist. I hope that this helps a little. Best. Greg
Question: What would happend if virus XXX that cause infected to be unpredictable and even agressive (by causing halucinations/brain damage or something else that will cause them to be like that) started spreading in city, and was highly infective on top of that? What kind of control would need to be in place to contain it?
I'm curious about those extreme situations that could potentialy cause a city lockdown or perhaps even intervetion of military to help control the spreading of virus/bacteria.
Sounds like something from Divergent or the Maze Runner...
Greg is legit! South African legend
Outstanding Dr Martin. Thank you.
Thanks Terry - appreciate all of your support and mentorship over the years!
Please spell public correctly!!!
Thank you for this very clear explanation , i am a MPH student in Netherlands and i benefited a lot in your videos
Thank you for your excellent explaination
You are most welcome Naomi!
Am grateful and will be a partner because every video deserves every support, you are an awesome teacher. Am confident in reviews for the first time in 5 months.
Thank you very much for your kind words!
very educative
Thanks Victoria. Let me know if there are other videos that you'd like to see.
Hello! Great video, thanks. Could you please make Portuguese captions available?
Will try (thanks for the suggestion)
Thanks Dr Greg for this very insightful piece . I have a worry notwithstanding; what if the said outbreak is highly fatal that it doesn't give enough time for the analytic study before action is taken? Are there any precautions that can be taken to reduce the number of deaths? Thank you...
Thanks for the excellent question Frankline. For most outbreaks we don't do analytic studies (as the causative organism and route of transmission is usually clear). The priority is to always take action. If we don't know what the pathogen is, we can still start with the basics (cohort or isolate cases, identify contacts etc.)
Great content 🌟
Hey Greg. Quick questions: Can you apply the term "outbreak" if the disease is "usual" BUT serious? You made a distinction re: you could declare an "outbreak" if there is even 1 presentation if it was "unusual But serious." Also, are most outbreaks necessarily "deadly?" or could you have an "outbreak" if it's a disease that overwhelms a medical system to treat it (i.e., lack of meds/lack of personnel/lack of access to treatment, etc.) or is that termed something else? No hurry. Just curious! Thanks friend, always enjoy learning from you! ABC
Great question Annette - if a disease is continuing at some background rate we'd typically called that "endemic" (no change but ongoing). If its a serious disease, we wouldn't call it an 'outbreak' per se but that doesn't mean that we wouldn't develop a strategy to control it. The principles would be the same (control the source and control transmission). Great question.
Thanks for taking the time to further clarify this distinction. Looking forward to next discussion. Have a great day and thanks again! ABC
Hi Annette. Outbreak is defined as occurrence of cases of an illness/disease clearly in excess of normal expectancy. So what is the threshold? A commonly used definition of an outbreak is where reported disease cases exceed a threshold of 1.96 multiplied by the standard deviation of the mean from a sufficiently long term observation (Snacken 1992).
Hence if the observation is zero cases on a weekly basis, then the outbreak definition here would be:
Outbreak Exceeding > Mean from previous observation + 1.96 multiply Std Dev
> 0 + 1.96 (0)
> 0
Anything more than zero - even one miserable case is considered an outbreak.
Case in point if you don't see polio in a district/community for ages, then just one case as pointed out by the formula above would be an outbreak.
Need to further add here that outbreak is not confined to "serious" diseases/presentations, there may be outbreak of mild conditions- I presume here that "serious" refers to disease with high case fatality rate (number of deaths attributed to disease in question / number of cases of that disease X 100%).
Dear martin , you made my life easy , do you have cd one can use in the car ?
Sadly no I don't. Thanks for the suggestion though.
Excellent clip for understanding disease outbreaks!
Glad you enjoyed it Mamunur
your vedios are really very easy to understand. thanks Dr Martin
Thanks Pankaj - Glad you enjoy them.
covid19 :'(
Great video- thank you.
You're most welcome Matthew. Glad you liked it.
Please dont put music on the video its quite disturbing 💔
the music was awesome
Thank you Dr Martin
Abi Krishna you are most welcome!