Well, if you have a physics / math background and you know more or less how rainbows are formed this video is a great way to refresh your memory. For everyone else explaining the phenomenon in 3 minutes may be a bit fast.
New Video! How do rainbows form? Learn a few lesser known facts about the science behind rainbows. #physics #rainbows ruclips.net/video/xkDhQGXqwCM/видео.html
You need a reflector behind to force the light colours into the uniform shape of tj3 rainbow. It needs a curved reflector. She deliberately left that put because she is too dishonest and gutless to tell the truth. The dome above is the reflector... Go tpo a waterfall and ypi will see straight rainbows because the wet rocks in the background reflect straight. Move so there is no background and you will only have scattered colours.
@@stevewittwer7444 Waterfalls create *curved* rainbows not straight ones. You probably only looked at a portion of the rainbow from far away. And the only curved reflector necessary is the inside of a raindrop.
I've been meaning to do a video on this. You beat me to it! ...and I think you probably did a better job than I would have. I love the elaboration about the multiple colors and max angles at the end.
Hey physics Girl, I fly in the airlines and I see all types of rainbows all the time... Have you ever heard of a "glory"? This is the effect of refraction when looking down at a cloud from a plane and what is really cool is that you can see where you are sitting in the plane from said rainbow, as all glories centralize around your position in reference to your seat... Pretty cool stuff!
Whenever someone tells that I haven't been told the full story I'm like "yeah right" but this was actually mind blowing (especially the part about light hitting the drops of water in all the different directions). Great work :)
The maximum angle made by a light ray with the normal of a surface to accomplish refraction is called critical angle. If the angle is made greater than this point it would reflect. This phenomenon is also called total internal reflection(TIR). Anyways thanks a lot for your explanatory videos
That was cool. Knew rainbows had to be complete circles, how could it be otherwise but never noticed the colours in a double rainbow are flipped. Blew my mind, really enjoyed the explanation
I've seen many double rainbows, and noticed that the sky appears darker above the rainbow and brighter in the arc, but I've never noticed the 2nd rainbow is flipped order. I'll pay closer attention next time. Thanks!
There Are also some further effects from DIFfraction as well as the REfraction mentioned here. These show up when the raindrops are quite small and mostly the same size.
If you look closely enough, if the rainbows are clear enough, you can actually spot a tertiary (third) rainbow. It's ridiculously dim so colorblind or visually impaired people (I assume) will probably never see it. I've spotted it, though never noted the reverse colors (I never noticed it with the secondary rainbow either). I imagine this would keep going infinitely if our eyes were sensitive enough. Is this third rainbow caused by a third bounce and reverse of the second?
The video is great! There is one tiny mistake though, the red light should be at the bottom of the spectrum after the first phase of refraction at 3:25, since it bends the least as it is fastest. After reflection 1 around the normal, the red light gets from the bottom to the top of the spectrum (which is depicted correctly in the video), then gets reflected again around the normal, where it goes from the right to the left of the spectrum (also depicted correctly in the video).
Ive had like 3 lectures on this, this video was much more enjoyable I mean probably because its not an hour long and there isnt any of the maths but still
I have 2 questions about rainbows that keeps me thinking about them for quite a long time now. I really hope that someone could answer this! Is it possible to see a rainbow (made of water) in space if clouds would get hit in sunlight or is that possible only in places which has atmospheres? Or would rainbows look different in other atmospheric places when light get scattered by the atmosphere and raindrops?
Everytime I see one of your videos in my feed I'm like, "That's so stupid, I've known how that works since grade school." And then I actually watch and learn all these things I've never heard of before. And all the half-explanations I got of that thing before that just left me kind of confused, they sound pretty stupid once I've heard you explain it better. Thanks for keeping things simple without dumbing them down :)
Draw a straight line from the sun through the center of your head. And note that a rainbow caused by sunlight is always just a partial circle. (I guess there could be exceptions at waterfalls, say.) But if we were able to "complete" that rainbow into a full circle by extending it below the ground, the line mentioned in the first sentence would go right through the center of this hypothetical rainbow "circle". You can test this with the mist setting on a garden hose. If you make a full circle rainbow with the garden hose, the shadow of your head will be in the center of the full circle rainbow. A rainbow made by sunlight would be no different.
Tom Nally I've been near waterfalls where I could see almost a full circle rainbow with my shadow in the middle, cut by the shadow of the bridge I was on.
Between the two rainbows the image is darker and above the top rainbow it brightens again. The darker portion between is due to the light which is refracted and does not reach that 42+_ degree angle so no light from the rainbow reaches your eye. While above it the refracted light once again reaches that 42+_ degree angle and produces white light due to a mix of the colors. The white light below the bottom rainbow and above the top rainbow is overwhelmed by the background so it doesn't appear to be actually white just brighter. Effects also due to refraction of light - end of story.
there is a glass dome aka firmament and inside are the sun, moon and stars. Above that is a second firmament holding back the waters. the real reason for rainbows, its shape, and the double rainbow
Wow, I've looked up rainbows multiple times in my adulthood but something was always missing. I know about the refraction, the water droplet shape, etc, but I never understood why it always appears as this uniform, unmoving, unwavering ring. Why wouldn't it look like an explosion of colours? Why so perfectly just a ring? But I think I understand now, that there's a very specific angle the light can possibly be refracted to your eye, which ends up forming a ring. Plus, millions of falling raindrops from far away might as well be an unwavering refractive surface. Thanks.
So are triple rainbows formed when light reflects off the inside of water droplets a third time? That would explain why additional rainbows get fainter.
What shape is a rainbow, in 3D? Like if you could build a grid of dots in space to represent the colours of a rainbow seen from a particular place, would the dots be all aligned to a plane, and would that plane face the viewer? Would the plane have depth? Or would it be a torus with depth?
I'm surprised she didn't use this video to reveal she is from Hawaii. Hawaii has a high incidence of rainbows. I saw on average 3 per day there where as back in the midwest I may see 3 per year. After she spent a lot of time in Boston at MIT she probably realized how rare they are other places.
I am still confused about the droplet part. If the forming of a rainbow has to do with the light entering a droplet of water then when the small drop of water evaporates or gets absorbed will the rainbow disappear?
Nice video !, Question : Rainbows are said to be destructive, some places that receive rain bows in very rare occasion report cases of houses getting Burnt and people getting burns. Does the refraction through the rain drops or Ice cause a scenario of " magnifying glass under the sun " ?? so that the converged light becomes the destructive ?
I am confused. Right now there is a rainbow to the west, the sun is to the east and there are no clouds between the sun and rainbow and none behind it. Where is the refraction?
It refracts raindrops, which might not be seen by visible eye. Clouds are droplets catch up with dusts in the sky, which isn't relevant to how rainbows formed at all.
why does the max of violet have to be at 40 degrees?i know that that the max angle at which violet gets refracted is 40 degs but why doe the bulk of the violet have to get refracted at that angle? the max could be even at a smaller angle right?
Great video. What I never understood about the rainbow is this: if it is caused by drops of water in the air, why the wind does not have effect on it? The wind usually moves drops of air very easily.
Maybe late but... Because the source of light is in relatively stationary position and, although the droplets move, the light itself doesn't. Also the light isn't reflected from the droplets like from a mirror but bent. And another thing that comes to account is the larg number of droplets. Even though they move, all of them bend the light in same direction. That's my perception.
Great video, however one thing is incorrect. Red light does not travel faster than violet light. Red light is equipped with the least kinetic energy out of the seven. Which is why it has the largest wavelength. Violet is equipped the most kinetic energy out of the seven. Which is why it has the least wavelength. The reason why red light is at the top of the rainbow is because it has the largest wavelength. So when it is reflecting off the back of the water droplet, the photons travel from one end to the other, and due to the fact that their low end of the wavelength is lower, it will reflect at a different angle.
skittles form when the refracted light concentrates into areas called "the max angle of latitude" or MAL. The areas of MAL occur due to the natural intensity of refracted light- the heat causes the natural elements in the air to boil...similar to using a magnifying glass on an ant hill. The heat transforms the carbon/hydrogen/oxygen to form into a chain of sucrose. Natural flavors are picked up by complex maillard reactions..eventually the sucrose deposits become heavy enough to fall to earth
+Joe Baumgart Not sure, I imagine that's like asking what the fourth dimension is like. What does sound taste like? (synesthesia not included). It's impossible to describe something noone has ever experienced. Some people can see part of the UV extension but they describe it as "a blinding blue or purple" or "a color I've never seen before"
They would know by dissecting the eyeball, seeing how light focuses through it, what rod and cone combination is present. For example, our eyes have an ultraviolet lens in the cornea that filters out UV light, however many birds don't have such a filter, and a select few people don't have them either (either naturally or by surgery). People who have had it by surgery notice a large difference, describing it as an extremely bright, "blue-ish" color. While we can never determine how their brain interprets color, we can see the "raw data" that is sent to the brain to be processed. In fact, some people are colorblind, with dichromatic vision (can only see two colors, yellow and blue. This means red, green and yellow colors all appear as differing shades of yellow.), most of us have trichromatic vision, we can see red, green and blue separately, for a "full" range of colors as most of us know it. However there are another set of individuals with FOUR sets of cones, they're Quattrochromatic(?) , and can see colors we couldn't even imagine, and that doesn't even include UV! Whats disappointing is we can't possibly even imagine what that is like, even if we dissected the eye and looked at how it recieves light... unless you yourself have quattrochromatic vision, and just dont realize it (many people don't, in fact synesthesia often goes undiagnosed because people grow up with it, it's the world they know and are familiar with, and thus, it's normal to them). However people with colorblindness might realize they're colorblind because during school as you're learning the different colors (or even looking at, say, crayons), you might notice that two of the same color, are called by different names. This would be odd to you, but not to us, because they wouldn't be the same color. But people with quattrochomatic vision would never know, they can see everything we can and more!
Need more explanation! Why are rainbows, bows? The way I understand it is there are water droplets everywhere up there, so why do we see a skinny bow and not just a whole sheet of colors?
The sheet of colors is there, but they add up randomly to white light. It is only the edge where you get a colored bow. The bow is caused by circular symmetry.
Nice Video But i have a question...Sometimes i have seen complete circular rainbow and once i saw 2 circular rainbows in concentric circles...plz give an explanation for that.
I get more confused with your explanation !! 1:43 what does it mean that the droplet here or there ?? from which perspective I don't get the point :/ but here 3:19 seems that the point is clear why we see red above violent below
*refraction?* The issue with this premise it has NEVER been duplicated indoors. It's called "working model" which has been missing in this hypothesis. Why is that?
V-e-r-rrry interesting, as the "German" soldier used to say on the 60s TV Show, "Laugh-In". Truly, though, it was very informative and I enjoyed it. She is a very bright gal!.
We need you, and @ScienceAsylum to get back at this. First, why is always a double rainbow? IR towards the center, and UV out both sides of the double rainbow. Second, is it refracted or reflect? Because the Sun is always back of the observer, not behind the rainbow. Thanks.
I always wondered: why is it just one or two rainbows at the same time? When it is raining and the sun shines, there are many droplets. Where is that one droplet thats makes the rainbow? Why is it only ono that does that. Or do droplets make the rainbow together?
Hi. I always thought you could have 2 rainbows if you had 2 lights sources. Hence, if the sun reflected off the sea or a lake, there would be 2 rainbows. Any chance this could be a plausible explanation to the double rainbow phenomenon?
When a ray of light changes a medium which in turn changes its velocity......why is it that the frequency remains constant and the wavelength changes but not the other way around??????
Question: If the water droplets are responsible for refraction then why do we see a still image of a rainbow and not a flickering and fluctuating one. in the case of a rain... Please answer me this..
My best bet is that because the sun is at the same position and raindrops fall very fast, and since only at certain angle light will enter your eyes as red, blue, green and so on, only those that come from that certain angle will enter your eyes as the separate colours-you can't see the colours from another angle at the very moment at the exact position(which makes it constant) and enters your eyes continuously because of the speed of the rain ( so it doesn't flicker) and since raindrops are very very tiny from afar, I suppose it acts like the 'atoms' which makes up of a giant prism of some sort?
A rainbow in the sky is round it only looks an arch from the ground. I love it when you get a reverse second rainbow. John Constable and J M Turner and later Wassail Kandinsky painted the best rainbows.🌈☔🌈🌧️🌈
42 degrees for redlight; It's quite funny to notice that this all was actually already known by Roger Bacon in year 1267 in his book Opus Majus, Part six, Chapter IV-> (Or By Seneca before 2000 Years) And we can't even claim that this work remained unpublished by Pope. As it WAS published at 1897. -Just slight 630 years delay
Nice job explaining the colors,and how in drop of water or prism. But what about the sky? Wouldn't the light then exit and enter millions of water droplets at different angles? How does it then form back up to what we see?
Actually you are both incorrect. @Marcy Gonzales: simple google search found this (and many others) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light#In_a_medium . TLDR version: c is the speed of light in vacuum, speed in air is about 90 km/s slower and so on. @Mia Miric: slower means (in english at least) less speed. Marcy stated that the distance light has to travels in a medium is greater than in vacuum but it's speed would not change, ergo it would take a longer period of time to do so. Time would change, not speed (if Marcy's hypothesis would be correct).
I saw the beginnings of a triple rainbow once. I once read that triple rainbows are physically impossible, but I saw one. And if you think rainbows are beautiful, try looking at one through a pair of blue-blocker sunglasses. I don't understand how it works, but the blue-blockers make the colors of the rainbow far more intense and much more visible (at least for me - perhaps it's due to the fact that I'm slightly red-green colorblind, and the blue-blocker glasses cause the rainbow to appear to me the same way it appears to other people - just a theory).
+mpilting There may be some merit to your color-correction hypothesis, and there may actually be a way to test it using some photoshop magic. Then once you've determined your level of colorblindness, using some very specifically tinted blue-blocker sunglasses you could see the world as everyone else does (but... would you want to?) However no, triple rainbows are not impossible. In fact they happen with EVERY rainbow if you look closely enough. They're called tertiary rainbows and are extremely dim (as you probably noticed). I make it a point to point them out if I witness one with a friend.
Calvin DiBartolo Well, I've long thought the world looks too blue to me. I have a theory that red-green colorblilndness may contribute to insomnia. Blue light keeps people awake. If you can't see red/green as well as other people, all light becomes shifted to blue. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, this would have had survival value: a couple male members of the tribe can't sleep at night. Today, however, it's just an annoyance and ranks right up there with wisdom teeth.
just remember, white light enters the rain droplet then it will be refracted and dispersed into 7 component of colours at different angles. Then the light will be relfected and the light is refracted again as it leaves the rain droplet to form a rainbow. 2 refraction, 1 reflection
yes, but if this angle of reflection depends on your eyes' position, shouldn't the rainbow move whenever you move your head..? And why only the water droplets at a certain point in the sky reflect the light, what about the other droplets all over the place, don't they also follow the 40-42 degree angle? If your theory holds, then short people see rainbows at a lower location than tall people.. lol
Enlightening content, sparkling delivery, full spectrum scope. Critics are either too dense to absorb the burst or misogynistic interference pattern turns their eyes into double slits.
@Nathan Duke Many of them are also flat Earthers. Many flat Earthers have the ridiculous belief that rainbows are caused by "the dome" or "the firmament".
she said violet is maximum at the rainbow above the brighter region, all other colors of the rainbow have their maximum too. Its above the violet maximum on the rainbow....
Not 100% sure, but my guess is that light wouldn't make it here from the sun if it were all water in between. Case and point, natural light doesn't penetrate much more than 100ft deep in the ocean.
+Blaine Bickelhaupt if you look closely, like REALLY closely, particularly along the horizon, you can spot a very dim third rainbow EVERY time there's a rainbow. it will be evenly spaced with the first and second rainbows. I'd bet we could spot a fourth if our eyes were sensitive enough.
But, would the colors be reversed, like how the second rainbow is reversed from the first? So would the third rainbow be the same order of colors as the first?
So the sun is 93 million miles away but somehow the light from that far away is able to be focused enough to create a perfect arc which is localized to a small portion of the planet ? It would seem the light passed through a crystal or a perfectly spherical glass intermedium before being refracted into a perfect arc which isn't viewable hemispherically... which means the energy source is much much closer than the suggested distance
An otherwise well explanatory video, but it would have been good if you had spent a little bit more time clearing up why exactly light *must* bend when it enters a medium of different refractive index: it's not an intuitive thing.
@@ScienceAsylum no it wouldn't. She only needs to mention that there needs to be a reflector in the background. Take less than 1 minute to explain why.
The bit I could never wrap my head around is: Okay, so the light exits each droplet as a little tiny rainbow, but how does that translate to the giant rainbow? Surely within what we see as 'the red band' there are going to be millions of little droplets eaching putting out a mini rainbow, and similar with the orange, yellow, etc bands?
Well, if you have a physics / math background and you know more or less how rainbows are formed this video is a great way to refresh your memory. For everyone else explaining the phenomenon in 3 minutes may be a bit fast.
Yeah I picked up on that
@Barrack Obama Vlogs In the what syllabus??
Slow the video down to 0.75 speed. 4 minutes is plenty of time for anyone with a 9th-grade understanding of the EM spectrum.
I've got no physics / math background... it was just fine for me :P Based on the comments, that seems to be most everyone's experience
New Video! How do rainbows form? Learn a few lesser known facts about the science behind rainbows. #physics #rainbows ruclips.net/video/xkDhQGXqwCM/видео.html
Do an interview with Max Tegmark.
Dr. Astrô Nauth
Please?
Tannis Bhee I've asked her please alot of times. She never even responds to me.
I really want u to be our physics teacher
Supernumerary rainbows!
Oh wow, I still don't get it.
Same
You need a reflector behind to force the light colours into the uniform shape of tj3 rainbow. It needs a curved reflector. She deliberately left that put because she is too dishonest and gutless to tell the truth. The dome above is the reflector... Go tpo a waterfall and ypi will see straight rainbows because the wet rocks in the background reflect straight. Move so there is no background and you will only have scattered colours.
@@stevewittwer7444 Waterfalls create *curved* rainbows not straight ones. You probably only looked at a portion of the rainbow from far away. And the only curved reflector necessary is the inside of a raindrop.
Lord Trump dude 😂😂😂😂
i short of get it i like science
I've been meaning to do a video on this. You beat me to it! ...and I think you probably did a better job than I would have. I love the elaboration about the multiple colors and max angles at the end.
BEST explanation I have found, after hours of searching! And in UNDER 4 MINUTES. Mind blown.
Great I’m more confused than when I originally looked this up
You and me both brotha 😂
😂😂😂😂😂
🤣🤣
so true lmao
I swear LOL
Complex as hell but you really broke it down nicely! I'd love to see more of this with other physical explanations too
Hey physics Girl, I fly in the airlines and I see all types of rainbows all the time... Have you ever heard of a "glory"? This is the effect of refraction when looking down at a cloud from a plane and what is really cool is that you can see where you are sitting in the plane from said rainbow, as all glories centralize around your position in reference to your seat... Pretty cool stuff!
"NOW THE STORY IS COMPLETE"
But i still cannot get anything...
Whenever someone tells that I haven't been told the full story I'm like "yeah right" but this was actually mind blowing (especially the part about light hitting the drops of water in all the different directions).
Great work :)
ahah "The End", that was cute.
Good explanation! Cool animations
The maximum angle made by a light ray with the normal of a surface to accomplish refraction is called critical angle. If the angle is made greater than this point it would reflect. This phenomenon is also called total internal reflection(TIR).
Anyways thanks a lot for your explanatory videos
That was cool. Knew rainbows had to be complete circles, how could it be otherwise but never noticed the colours in a double rainbow are flipped. Blew my mind, really enjoyed the explanation
Genuinely so fascinating! I never knew the details beyond light refracting through droplets, but this makes rainbows even more incredible.
Too fast made my head hurt
RUclips has this lovely feature that allows you to adjust the speed of a video. Maybe it didn't exist 4 years ago, but it does now.
42° is the max angle... no wonder why 42 is "the answer to life the universe and everything" :D
According to Bible,God gave us the rainbow after the Noah's flood.Look it up
That was a joke, right?
Is it a coincidence that we chose 360 degrees using base-ten as a circle, and just happened to encounter that number?
@@patersul According to science, rainbow happens when a bit of rain drops and sunlight interact with each other.
@@adeeb1787 wow you roasted *and* toasted that dude.
he's burnt now lol
I've seen many double rainbows, and noticed that the sky appears darker above the rainbow and brighter in the arc, but I've never noticed the 2nd rainbow is flipped order. I'll pay closer attention next time. Thanks!
There Are also some further effects from DIFfraction as well as the REfraction mentioned here. These show up when the raindrops are quite small and mostly the same size.
Kto zesłany przez podręcznik od fizyki?
i feel so much smarter knowing this, now i can impress my friends whenever they ask how a rainbow works ahahah thank you:)xx
If you look closely enough, if the rainbows are clear enough, you can actually spot a tertiary (third) rainbow. It's ridiculously dim so colorblind or visually impaired people (I assume) will probably never see it. I've spotted it, though never noted the reverse colors (I never noticed it with the secondary rainbow either). I imagine this would keep going infinitely if our eyes were sensitive enough. Is this third rainbow caused by a third bounce and reverse of the second?
The video is great! There is one tiny mistake though, the red light should be at the bottom of the spectrum after the first phase of refraction at 3:25, since it bends the least as it is fastest.
After reflection 1 around the normal, the red light gets from the bottom to the top of the spectrum (which is depicted correctly in the video), then gets reflected again around the normal, where it goes from the right to the left of the spectrum (also depicted correctly in the video).
Ive had like 3 lectures on this, this video was much more enjoyable
I mean probably because its not an hour long and there isnt any of the maths but still
I have 2 questions about rainbows that keeps me thinking about them for quite a long time now. I really hope that someone could answer this!
Is it possible to see a rainbow (made of water) in space if clouds would get hit in sunlight or is that possible only in places which has atmospheres? Or would rainbows look different in other atmospheric places when light get scattered by the atmosphere and raindrops?
In which country do you live?
🇮🇳
I'm pretty sure she lives in America
You're the first one on RUclips who explains this logically and thorough! :)
Everytime I see one of your videos in my feed I'm like, "That's so stupid, I've known how that works since grade school." And then I actually watch and learn all these things I've never heard of before. And all the half-explanations I got of that thing before that just left me kind of confused, they sound pretty stupid once I've heard you explain it better.
Thanks for keeping things simple without dumbing them down :)
Draw a straight line from the sun through the center of your head. And note that a rainbow caused by sunlight is always just a partial circle. (I guess there could be exceptions at waterfalls, say.) But if we were able to "complete" that rainbow into a full circle by extending it below the ground, the line mentioned in the first sentence would go right through the center of this hypothetical rainbow "circle". You can test this with the mist setting on a garden hose. If you make a full circle rainbow with the garden hose, the shadow of your head will be in the center of the full circle rainbow. A rainbow made by sunlight would be no different.
Tom Nally I've been near waterfalls where I could see almost a full circle rainbow with my shadow in the middle, cut by the shadow of the bridge I was on.
Very good video on the formation of rainbows! One of the first I saw years ago. And I still learned something seeing it this time!
Between the two rainbows the image is darker and above the top rainbow it brightens again. The darker portion between is due to the light which is refracted and does not reach that 42+_ degree angle so no light from the rainbow reaches your eye. While above it the refracted light once again reaches that 42+_ degree angle and produces white light due to a mix of the colors. The white light below the bottom rainbow and above the top rainbow is overwhelmed by the background so it doesn't appear to be actually white just brighter. Effects also due to refraction of light - end of story.
there is a glass dome aka firmament and inside are the sun, moon and stars. Above that is a second firmament holding back the waters. the real reason for rainbows, its shape, and the double rainbow
Wow, I've looked up rainbows multiple times in my adulthood but something was always missing. I know about the refraction, the water droplet shape, etc, but I never understood why it always appears as this uniform, unmoving, unwavering ring. Why wouldn't it look like an explosion of colours? Why so perfectly just a ring? But I think I understand now, that there's a very specific angle the light can possibly be refracted to your eye, which ends up forming a ring. Plus, millions of falling raindrops from far away might as well be an unwavering refractive surface. Thanks.
That was a really good video. Definitely a lot better than our textbooks. Thanks
So are triple rainbows formed when light reflects off the inside of water droplets a third time? That would explain why additional rainbows get fainter.
Yes. Exactly. It's also why they're much more rare.
Dhruvik Nanavati Also, the birds sung in Korean.
+The Science Asylum I wouldn't say rare, just much harder to spot.
What shape is a rainbow, in 3D? Like if you could build a grid of dots in space to represent the colours of a rainbow seen from a particular place, would the dots be all aligned to a plane, and would that plane face the viewer? Would the plane have depth? Or would it be a torus with depth?
I'm surprised she didn't use this video to reveal she is from Hawaii. Hawaii has a high incidence of rainbows. I saw on average 3 per day there where as back in the midwest I may see 3 per year. After she spent a lot of time in Boston at MIT she probably realized how rare they are other places.
I understand the colour thing, but why is it semicircular?
I am still confused about the droplet part. If the forming of a rainbow has to do with the light entering a droplet of water then when the small drop of water evaporates or gets absorbed will the rainbow disappear?
Nice video !, Question : Rainbows are said to be destructive, some places that receive rain bows in very rare occasion report cases of houses getting Burnt and people getting burns. Does the refraction through the rain drops or Ice cause a scenario of " magnifying glass under the sun " ?? so that the converged light becomes the destructive ?
I am confused. Right now there is a rainbow to the west, the sun is to the east and there are no clouds between the sun and rainbow and none behind it. Where is the refraction?
It refracts raindrops, which might not be seen by visible eye. Clouds are droplets catch up with dusts in the sky, which isn't relevant to how rainbows formed at all.
why does the max of violet have to be at 40 degrees?i know that that the max angle at which violet gets refracted is 40 degs but why doe the bulk of the violet have to get refracted at that angle? the max could be even at a smaller angle right?
Great video. What I never understood about the rainbow is this: if it is caused by drops of water in the air, why the wind does not have effect on it? The wind usually moves drops of air very easily.
Maybe late but...
Because the source of light is in relatively stationary position and, although the droplets move, the light itself doesn't. Also the light isn't reflected from the droplets like from a mirror but bent.
And another thing that comes to account is the larg number of droplets. Even though they move, all of them bend the light in same direction.
That's my perception.
Great video, however one thing is incorrect. Red light does not travel faster than violet light. Red light is equipped with the least kinetic energy out of the seven. Which is why it has the largest wavelength. Violet is equipped the most kinetic energy out of the seven. Which is why it has the least wavelength. The reason why red light is at the top of the rainbow is because it has the largest wavelength. So when it is reflecting off the back of the water droplet, the photons travel from one end to the other, and due to the fact that their low end of the wavelength is lower, it will reflect at a different angle.
skittles form when the refracted light concentrates into areas called "the max angle of latitude" or MAL. The areas of MAL occur due to the natural intensity of refracted light- the heat causes the natural elements in the air to boil...similar to using a magnifying glass on an ant hill. The heat transforms the carbon/hydrogen/oxygen to form into a chain of sucrose. Natural flavors are picked up by complex maillard reactions..eventually the sucrose deposits become heavy enough to fall to earth
Watching this while looking at the most intense rainbow I've ever seen. Physics is amazing
what would a rainbow look like to a goldfish ( the only known animal that can see both infrared and ultraviolet light)
+Joe Baumgart Not sure, I imagine that's like asking what the fourth dimension is like. What does sound taste like? (synesthesia not included). It's impossible to describe something noone has ever experienced. Some people can see part of the UV extension but they describe it as "a blinding blue or purple" or "a color I've never seen before"
ok i should prob ask a gold fish than
Maybe a signature of Ultra violet in the light
How do they know that. Did the goldfish tell them. Have they tested all animals and fish on earth...
They would know by dissecting the eyeball, seeing how light focuses through it, what rod and cone combination is present. For example, our eyes have an ultraviolet lens in the cornea that filters out UV light, however many birds don't have such a filter, and a select few people don't have them either (either naturally or by surgery). People who have had it by surgery notice a large difference, describing it as an extremely bright, "blue-ish" color.
While we can never determine how their brain interprets color, we can see the "raw data" that is sent to the brain to be processed. In fact, some people are colorblind, with dichromatic vision (can only see two colors, yellow and blue. This means red, green and yellow colors all appear as differing shades of yellow.), most of us have trichromatic vision, we can see red, green and blue separately, for a "full" range of colors as most of us know it. However there are another set of individuals with FOUR sets of cones, they're Quattrochromatic(?) , and can see colors we couldn't even imagine, and that doesn't even include UV! Whats disappointing is we can't possibly even imagine what that is like, even if we dissected the eye and looked at how it recieves light... unless you yourself have quattrochromatic vision, and just dont realize it (many people don't, in fact synesthesia often goes undiagnosed because people grow up with it, it's the world they know and are familiar with, and thus, it's normal to them). However people with colorblindness might realize they're colorblind because during school as you're learning the different colors (or even looking at, say, crayons), you might notice that two of the same color, are called by different names. This would be odd to you, but not to us, because they wouldn't be the same color. But people with quattrochomatic vision would never know, they can see everything we can and more!
Need more explanation! Why are rainbows, bows?
The way I understand it is there are water droplets everywhere up there, so why do we see a skinny bow and not just a whole sheet of colors?
The sheet of colors is there, but they add up randomly to white light. It is only the edge where you get a colored bow. The bow is caused by circular symmetry.
I have a question for miss Dianna. some days ago, i noticed a circular rainbow encircling the sun. what's going on??
Nice Video
But i have a question...Sometimes i have seen complete circular rainbow and once i saw 2 circular rainbows in concentric circles...plz give an explanation for that.
I get more confused with your explanation !!
1:43 what does it mean that the droplet here or there ?? from which perspective I don't get the point :/
but here 3:19 seems that the point is clear why we see red above violent below
Cool video! Can you make another explaining the less popular but equally majestic moon ring?
Thanks, that was very informative. I learned something new today. :)
*refraction?* The issue with this premise it has NEVER been duplicated indoors. It's called "working model" which has been missing in this hypothesis. Why is that?
V-e-r-rrry interesting, as the "German" soldier used to say on the 60s TV Show, "Laugh-In". Truly, though, it was very informative and I enjoyed it. She is a very bright gal!.
Yes....but why circle? Does light fall only on dropplets which are at a circle? I believe not!
We need you, and @ScienceAsylum to get back at this. First, why is always a double rainbow? IR towards the center, and UV out both sides of the double rainbow. Second, is it refracted or reflect? Because the Sun is always back of the observer, not behind the rainbow. Thanks.
I always wondered: why is it just one or two rainbows at the same time?
When it is raining and the sun shines, there are many droplets. Where is that one droplet thats makes the rainbow? Why is it only ono that does that. Or do droplets make the rainbow together?
it's very interesting and educating. Keep it up physics girl
Hi.
I always thought you could have 2 rainbows if you had 2 lights sources.
Hence, if the sun reflected off the sea or a lake, there would be 2 rainbows.
Any chance this could be a plausible explanation to the double rainbow phenomenon?
When a ray of light changes a medium which in turn changes its velocity......why is it that the frequency remains constant and the wavelength changes but not the other way around??????
What a nice and clear explanation :)
Question: If the water droplets are responsible for refraction then why do we see a still image of a rainbow and not a flickering and fluctuating one. in the case of a rain... Please answer me this..
My best bet is that because the sun is at the same position and raindrops fall very fast, and since only at certain angle light will enter your eyes as red, blue, green and so on, only those that come from that certain angle will enter your eyes as the separate colours-you can't see the colours from another angle at the very moment at the exact position(which makes it constant) and enters your eyes continuously because of the speed of the rain ( so it doesn't flicker) and since raindrops are very very tiny from afar, I suppose it acts like the 'atoms' which makes up of a giant prism of some sort?
A rainbow in the sky is round it only looks an arch from the ground. I love it when you get a reverse second rainbow. John Constable and J M Turner and later Wassail Kandinsky painted the best rainbows.🌈☔🌈🌧️🌈
42 degrees for redlight; It's quite funny to notice that this all was actually already known by Roger Bacon in year 1267 in his book Opus Majus, Part six, Chapter IV-> (Or By Seneca before 2000 Years) And we can't even claim that this work remained unpublished by Pope. As it WAS published at 1897. -Just slight 630 years delay
Nice job explaining the colors,and how in drop of water or prism. But what about the sky? Wouldn't the light then exit and enter millions of water droplets at different angles? How does it then form back up to what we see?
Amazing Explanation of such a great phsysics phenomena.
I have seen full circle rainbows while skydiving on a partially cloudy day. They formed over the clouds as I was free diving.
Can you also explain why the rainbow is round (arch from ground view) ?
Really enjoying your videos, keep up the awesome work! Cheers from Austria!
Awesome video!!
P.S. I love your hair like that :)
I have subscribed to your channel not because you're a girl who teaches physics extremely well, but because you teach physics extremely well.
+Leo Staley -- The girl part is a plus too.
Hi I would be happy to help you to translate some of your videos to spanish! How can I do it?
Happy! Happy! Physics Girl is always happy. --- or so it seems.
Light doesnt slow down in a medium like water, it just has to travel a longer path
Therefore being slower than in other mediums...
Actually you are both incorrect.
@Marcy Gonzales: simple google search found this (and many others) en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speed_of_light#In_a_medium . TLDR version: c is the speed of light in vacuum, speed in air is about 90 km/s slower and so on.
@Mia Miric: slower means (in english at least) less speed. Marcy stated that the distance light has to travels in a medium is greater than in vacuum but it's speed would not change, ergo it would take a longer period of time to do so. Time would change, not speed (if Marcy's hypothesis would be correct).
white light is polychromatic and apart from that are monochromatic right?
tysm it helped a lot n cleared confusions thanx...
I saw the beginnings of a triple rainbow once. I once read that triple rainbows are physically impossible, but I saw one. And if you think rainbows are beautiful, try looking at one through a pair of blue-blocker sunglasses. I don't understand how it works, but the blue-blockers make the colors of the rainbow far more intense and much more visible (at least for me - perhaps it's due to the fact that I'm slightly red-green colorblind, and the blue-blocker glasses cause the rainbow to appear to me the same way it appears to other people - just a theory).
+mpilting There may be some merit to your color-correction hypothesis, and there may actually be a way to test it using some photoshop magic. Then once you've determined your level of colorblindness, using some very specifically tinted blue-blocker sunglasses you could see the world as everyone else does (but... would you want to?)
However no, triple rainbows are not impossible. In fact they happen with EVERY rainbow if you look closely enough. They're called tertiary rainbows and are extremely dim (as you probably noticed). I make it a point to point them out if I witness one with a friend.
Calvin DiBartolo
Well, I've long thought the world looks too blue to me. I have a theory that red-green colorblilndness may contribute to insomnia. Blue light keeps people awake. If you can't see red/green as well as other people, all light becomes shifted to blue. Hundreds of thousands of years ago, this would have had survival value: a couple male members of the tribe can't sleep at night. Today, however, it's just an annoyance and ranks right up there with wisdom teeth.
please continue uploading videos. i really love them so much
How is position of rainbow been decided on sky??? Refraction and double refraction I got it... But how the full semi circle happens???
That is so cool and your explanation is easily followed! Thanks! I love God's light!
3:29 "Now the story is complete."
Now I'm successfully confused
@MAGICAL BOI oh my- you just made everything so much less confusing 😂
just remember, white light enters the rain droplet then it will be refracted and dispersed into 7 component of colours at different angles. Then the light will be relfected and the light is refracted again as it leaves the rain droplet to form a rainbow.
2 refraction, 1 reflection
Very nice explanation plzz make more videos about ray of optics and optical instrument 👍👍
still can't understand...water drops are dropping constantly making their own rainbow ...how that adds to a giant one?
yes, but if this angle of reflection depends on your eyes' position, shouldn't the rainbow move whenever you move your head..?
And why only the water droplets at a certain point in the sky reflect the light, what about the other droplets all over the place, don't they also follow the 40-42 degree angle?
If your theory holds, then short people see rainbows at a lower location than tall people.. lol
Enlightening content, sparkling delivery, full spectrum scope. Critics are either too dense to absorb the burst or misogynistic interference pattern turns their eyes into double slits.
@Nathan Duke Many of them are also flat Earthers. Many flat Earthers have the ridiculous belief that rainbows are caused by "the dome" or "the firmament".
Great video as usual. I remember in minutephysics saying that there is no violet in a rainbow, only blue. Do you agree/disagree with this?
hey. Physics Girl deserves more than a million subscribers
Very cool! So is their no such thing as a triple rainbow?
The best physics explainer on the interwebs today.
+Physics Girl Hey can u explain a little more as to why violet is brightest in a rainbow?
There is more violet light comming from the sun. Also probably because the violet light is more energetic
Wrong.
she said violet is maximum at the rainbow above the brighter region, all other colors of the rainbow have their maximum too. Its above the violet maximum on the rainbow....
When I read the comments, it seems you may have opened a new can of worms.
Great job of explaining complex matters in simple terms.
Thank you for the elucidation, you answered a question I always had but was to lazy (or busy with my own stuff) to investigate for myself.
Not 100% sure, but my guess is that light wouldn't make it here from the sun if it were all water in between. Case and point, natural light doesn't penetrate much more than 100ft deep in the ocean.
Great video!!!!! YOU ARE VERY GOOD IN TEACHING !!!!
So if there was a triple rainbow, would the third array of colors be the original roygbiv? Since the first two arrays are roygbiv, vibgyor.
+Blaine Bickelhaupt if you look closely, like REALLY closely, particularly along the horizon, you can spot a very dim third rainbow EVERY time there's a rainbow. it will be evenly spaced with the first and second rainbows. I'd bet we could spot a fourth if our eyes were sensitive enough.
But, would the colors be reversed, like how the second rainbow is reversed from the first? So would the third rainbow be the same order of colors as the first?
So the sun is 93 million miles away but somehow the light from that far away is able to be focused enough to create a perfect arc which is localized to a small portion of the planet ? It would seem the light passed through a crystal or a perfectly spherical glass intermedium before being refracted into a perfect arc which isn't viewable hemispherically... which means the energy source is much much closer than the suggested distance
An otherwise well explanatory video, but it would have been good if you had spent a little bit more time clearing up why exactly light *must* bend when it enters a medium of different refractive index: it's not an intuitive thing.
I'm sure that would take an entirely different video.
@@ScienceAsylum no it wouldn't. She only needs to mention that there needs to be a reflector in the background. Take less than 1 minute to explain why.
The bit I could never wrap my head around is:
Okay, so the light exits each droplet as a little tiny rainbow, but how does that translate to the giant rainbow? Surely within what we see as 'the red band' there are going to be millions of little droplets eaching putting out a mini rainbow, and similar with the orange, yellow, etc bands?
we see rainbow color as red color from one drop and violet from other but what if the observer change its position slightly towards violet
This was awesome! You should make a video explaining Moonbows :)