So much thank you for this.... I m struggling in it.....and searching for an animated version...... It help for my jee preparation.....thanks a lot man..... Aapko bhagwaan khus rakhe
thank you for your effort I've got some questions to throw: can we get the crystallographic data (crystal structure) directly from the single crystal XRD data? if we can, how does the data collected shows the different atoms/clusters inside of the crystal? how can we tell the difference between atoms in the primary cell from the diffraction data? if you can kindly help me, I'll be so grateful.
I have a few questions, reply plz. 1. When you say x-rays from two planes, do you mean by any two atoms on those planes? 2. How two x-rays from different planes can interfere when these x-rays are 'apart' and not 'coupling or interacting' with one another? 3. Your explanation that incident x-rays are scattered from electrons make sense. It seems that these re-emitted x-rays couple at all possible angles. At some angles, these interfere while at others they don't. Regards.
Thanks for your feedback, Gulzar Let’s try to address your questions: 1) In a real crystal you don’t have just two planes but millions of them. In principle it can be any two atoms in two given planes but in this case the interference will not be constructive. Even if you had a constructive interference at two planes, the signal will be eliminated within the remaining other millions of planes. 2) There would not be any constructive interference if the Bragg condition is not fulfilled. 3) If you look at an individual atom the scattering will occur in all directions. However, within the crystal lattice only the constructive interference is propagated. Everything else is eliminated.
@@Bruker But this doesn't address part-2. I mean when two x-rays are in phase but don't interact (e.g. in Young's double slit experiment when two rays reach at a spot, these generate constructive pattern only) then how interference happens?
@@GulzarAhmad-sw1kh The double slit experiment nicely shows constructive and destructive interferences of monochromatic light. Pretty much like the single slit in Young’s experiment X-rays interact with the electrons of an atom. This effect is called scattering. Each dot in our model is “equivalent” to the slit and the scattering occurs in three dimensions. Crystals form a three dimensional lattice. Like in Young’s experiment the interaction (better interference) of the scattered X-ay light can be constructive or destructive. The Bragg law describes under which conditions you can expect constructive interaction leading to a diffraction signal from the millions of atoms/molecules arranged at the grid points of the lattice There are very detailed descriptions on the web. I find the content for “Bragg’s law” on Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s_law) quite useful.
Big thanks to this amazing explanation video. I am really helped with this video that explains single-crystal XRD. now I am analyzing my data from this equipment. in the video you explained that this equipment can make us understanding mechanism behind the reactions. may I ask something? My supervisor asked me to do it also. How do we know the mechanism? the data just i got from application namely crysAlisPro.
Thanks for your comment. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) allows the determination of the three dimensional structure of a molecule more accurate than many other methods. Bruker instruments are delivered with the APEX3 software suite for data collection, processing, structure solution and refinement. This is the most comprehensive software package for single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) using well tested first-class algorithms. Its modern graphical user interface provides an unparalleled easy-to-use at all steps enabling researchers to faster and with highest accuracy understand the mechanisms behind a reaction.
I just got a sentence in my book saying' gamma radiations are also diffracted by crystals like X rays' Now what's this diffraction? I am never clear with the concept
Your textbook is correct. X-ray and Gamma radiation both are waves within the same energy regime. The waves are generated using different technologies, however. Britannica defines diffraction as the spreading of waves around obstacles, which is properly the shortest possible one. Literature is full of well-illustrated examples explaining the phenomenon in more details. Or watch this video ruclips.net/video/QHMzFUo0NL8/видео.html
Now everything I was taught this semester is clear. Thank you!
I don't know how to thank you for your effort? Compact, informative, and conceptual yet easy-to-understand video. Thank you so much.
So much thank you for this....
I m struggling in it.....and searching for an animated version......
It help for my jee preparation.....thanks a lot man.....
Aapko bhagwaan khus rakhe
You're very welcome! Happy to hear it was helpful for you.
I cannot understand how is this diffraction...is it not reflection
THIS IS GREAT! Thank you!
Beautiful...thanks for the explanation
Thanks a lot, for the animation and easy explanation
Glad it was helpful!
bundle of hearty thanks . . .
Too good thanks for sharing this ✌👍
Wow.good explanation
Thanks so much for this video. I understood everything even though I’m only 13.
thank you for your effort
I've got some questions to throw:
can we get the crystallographic data (crystal structure) directly from the single crystal XRD data?
if we can, how does the data collected shows the different atoms/clusters inside of the crystal?
how can we tell the difference between atoms in the primary cell from the diffraction data?
if you can kindly help me, I'll be so grateful.
and of course, I really admire the dedication you made into those animations, exceptional!
sorry for my poor grammar
Really nice video !!!!!!!
I have a few questions, reply plz.
1. When you say x-rays from two planes, do you mean by any two atoms on those planes?
2. How two x-rays from different planes can interfere when these x-rays are 'apart' and not 'coupling or interacting' with one another?
3. Your explanation that incident x-rays are scattered from electrons make sense. It seems that these re-emitted x-rays couple at all possible angles. At some angles, these interfere while at others they don't.
Regards.
Thanks for your feedback, Gulzar
Let’s try to address your questions:
1) In a real crystal you don’t have just two planes but millions of them. In principle it can be any two atoms in two given planes but in this case the interference will not be constructive. Even if you had a constructive interference at two planes, the signal will be eliminated within the remaining other millions of planes.
2) There would not be any constructive interference if the Bragg condition is not fulfilled.
3) If you look at an individual atom the scattering will occur in all directions. However, within the crystal lattice only the constructive interference is propagated. Everything else is eliminated.
@@Bruker But this doesn't address part-2. I mean when two x-rays are in phase but don't interact (e.g. in Young's double slit experiment when two rays reach at a spot, these generate constructive pattern only) then how interference happens?
@@GulzarAhmad-sw1kh The double slit experiment nicely shows constructive and destructive interferences of monochromatic light. Pretty much like the single slit in Young’s experiment X-rays interact with the electrons of an atom. This effect is called scattering. Each dot in our model is “equivalent” to the slit and the scattering occurs in three dimensions. Crystals form a three dimensional lattice. Like in Young’s experiment the interaction (better interference) of the scattered X-ay light can be constructive or destructive. The Bragg law describes under which conditions you can expect constructive interaction leading to a diffraction signal from the millions of atoms/molecules arranged at the grid points of the lattice There are very detailed descriptions on the web. I find the content for “Bragg’s law” on Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bragg%27s_law) quite useful.
Big thanks to this amazing explanation video. I am really helped with this video that explains single-crystal XRD. now I am analyzing my data from this equipment. in the video you explained that this equipment can make us understanding mechanism behind the reactions. may I ask something? My supervisor asked me to do it also. How do we know the mechanism? the data just i got from application namely crysAlisPro.
Thanks for your comment. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) allows the determination of the three dimensional structure of a molecule more accurate than many other methods. Bruker instruments are delivered with the APEX3 software suite for data collection, processing, structure solution and refinement. This is the most comprehensive software package for single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD) using well tested first-class algorithms. Its modern graphical user interface provides an unparalleled easy-to-use at all steps enabling researchers to faster and with highest accuracy understand the mechanisms behind a reaction.
I just got a sentence in my book saying' gamma radiations are also diffracted by crystals like X rays'
Now what's this diffraction? I am never clear with the concept
Your textbook is correct. X-ray and Gamma radiation both are waves within the same energy regime. The waves are generated using different technologies, however. Britannica defines diffraction as the spreading of waves around obstacles, which is properly the shortest possible one. Literature is full of well-illustrated examples explaining the phenomenon in more details.
Or watch this video ruclips.net/video/QHMzFUo0NL8/видео.html
❤
❤️🙌🏻
i could not undestand how crystal straucthure be identify using x ray diffraction
thankyu
You are welcome
Subtitulos por favor
Enabled subtitles - sorry only English available at this time
Con los subtitulos puedes traducir a cualquier pais y eso haría mucho mas accesible tus conocimientos al mundo , bro