Why Did Time Start Going Forward?
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- Опубликовано: 31 май 2024
- Researched and Written by Leila Battison
Narrated and Edited by David Kelly
Thumbnail Art by Ettore Mazza
If you like our videos, check out Leila's RUclips channel:
/ @somethingincredible
Music from Silver Maple, Epidemic Sound and Artlist.
Stock footage from Videoblocks.
References:
www.wired.com/2010/02/what-is...
www.nature.com/articles/d4158...
www.cornell.edu/video/leonard...
www.preposterousuniverse.com/b...
www.newscientist.com/article/...
www.newscientist.com/article/...
www.forbes.com/sites/startswi...
www.edge.org/response-detail/...
homepages.wmich.edu/~korista/h...
www.britannica.com/biography/...
web.mnstate.edu/gracyk/courses...
www.informationphilosopher.co...
blogs.futura-sciences.com/e-l...
mathshistory.st-andrews.ac.uk...
Image credits:
Sundial Kew Gardens By Matěj Baťha - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Arthur Eddington and Einstein By H. van Batenburg - Leiden Archives, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Three Body Problem GIF By Dnttllthmmnm - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
Graz By Mfield, Matthew Field, www.photography.mattfield.com - Own work, CC BY-SA 3.0, commons.wikimedia.org/w/index...
00:00 Introduction
03:55 What Is Time?
09:05 The Arrow Of Time
17:11 The Beginning Of Time
21:56 The End Of Time
![DRAGON BALL: Sparking! ZERO - Fused Warriors Trailer [BUDOKAI TENKAICHI Series]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/84p4Lvyfyes/mqdefault.jpg)
Thanks for watching folks! Next video in two weeks...
Great job guys!
Ill be waiting!! Love the content!!
This is some great content, especially seeing as these are your first vids. I'm glad to be seeing the beginning of your channel, no doubt its gonna get a lot bigger soon!
🏆 Par excellence. ⏰ Speaking of time and English railroads, London was the ultimate in time keeping. Professionals everywhere carried pocket watches. Train conductors, bus drivers, everyone moved to the precision ticking of a clock or watch and would instantly rebuke latecomers. I wonder if they still operate with the same care and efficiency. Ah, that was "merry old England."
I'd like to see more , but frankly I just don't have the Time......
I find it fascinating that the chemical organization of life (regardless of it's as yet unknown frequency) has such a built-in drive for survival and pro-creation in a universe where entrophy seems to be one of the most dominant laws. We are, in effect, each raging against that entrophy for the briefest of time... organizing into more intelligence to the point that we can understand much of our entire universe. How can it be that life has been given these moments that would seem to be the consciousness of the universe itself, and yet seem to inhabit an existance for such a miniscule percentage of the universe's lifetime? From the big bang to the moments of the evaporation of the last black hole, it is estimated that life will have only been chemically possible for 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of the life of the universe. We are each the winners of a lottery ticket so rare in time that our unique value is almost incomprehensible. Please, try to appreciate and enjoy each moment of your time.
Exactly
We are all just sperm that got very lucky. Perhaps we are still just sperm and death is the same as life, with a few of us being reborn into something else.
Agreed. universe is completely anti-life and yes, the probability of existing (on top of being this intelligent) is astronomically small. That's why I believe "someone " helped create life or at least created a small favourable condition for life to take over. Even after sending the strongest telescopes we don't find anything, we might truly be alone. Maybe alone only in this time period considering the large time scales of the universe
life couldn't possibly evolve to do anything other than reproduce. it's the opposite of remarkable. and that we exist in this moment is not remarkable either, that's just the anthropic principle
Leave the weed alone
What a brilliant video.
When I was at school, I studied Physics. The teacher asked what time was, just as you did.
I thought of a comical answer, I got a few laughs.
"So", said the teacher. "What is time?"
I thought for a moment, then I put my hand in the air and said, "Time is the force which stops everything from happening at once."
One dark night in 1956... I woke up in horror realizing that I was going to die some day. Ever since I have told everyone I know to be grateful for being here in this time and space, it is an amazing gift to be alive on earth. Appreciate it!
The real nightmare is having a dream you would be born into a world like the one we are now in...
@@markwilliamson2795 I had a rough start ,even had a lung blasted out of my chest in Vietnam, but except for that I've loved every minute of my existence on earth.
@@hellskitchen10036 A lung blasted out of your chest? How is that possible? Are you related to Clement, by any chance?
@@hellskitchen10036 It's not done with you yet....but I think you're tougher than this world..
@@SStupendous A VC rocket sent shrapnell into my chest and tore through my thoracic cavity, as a corpsman I kept from bleeding out but had to have the rest of my lung removed....and yes Clement is my great 4th grandfather.
Its the small, background touches, like the _wondeful_ music during the intro of this episode, that gives this channel such a unique personality and makes it so academically auhoritive and enjoyable. I watch these videos again and again.
Thank you, Hisory of the Universe! 😊
So glad RUclips recommended this channel, it's a treasure
Check out their related channels, just as great.
Same here. I love this channel
'Never find yourself deterred by the unknown, instead be fascinated by it'
I became addicted to your videos. When I have time during my work, instead of having a pause at the coffee machine, I watch your videos. Very interesting and well put
Ah yes. One order of science with a side of psychological horror and a dash of existential dread. Love it.
I find it optimistic actually
Where is the horror and dread?
@@darrenjackson4646 I imagine it's bc of their individualism (self) - if it even exists- is hardly a blink in all time.
That is one of my favorite parts of space and cosmology. What else matters?
Lol love this comment 😂 love that people can’t understand it’s a joke!😂
I’m dismayed that you haven’t gone from 30K subscribers to 30M in the month since this video came out. Absolute quality here on this channel. People are missing out!
Goes to show how much the majority of ppl value knowledge. If it was a Justin beiber video on the other hand... 🙄😆
Isaac Arthur's channel took a few years to get to where it is today.
Not every one. Good narration. Great sleeping voice.
@@LEEOC This is big tech’s algorithms’ fault.
I mean we could collectively decide to still preferentially show people what they individually prefer and tend to click on, but make that from a bigger bucket of things that are preferentially shown such as things like this, educational things, and things that are more beneficial to society.
Instead the algorithm gives people fail videos, tiktok lululemon dances, and whatever other useless nonsense not to mention the actual negative stuff that increases fear, anxiety, anger and polarization
Chill
Ah yes... my daily dose of existential dread. RUclips and quantum mechanics have not failed me.
👍
My terror and my fascination are in superposition.
Try Bible criticism too. Some good stuff on RUclips.
Lol...nice 🔥
🤣🤣🤣🤣
Been through this whole series twice, and several episodes 3+ times. I still get new knowledge every time. This series is a gift.
I love the little details that one would normally only get from deep dives into long books, like Eddington and his passivism feather
I don’t understand what the feather was supposed to mean
"We could only be the imagination of a single Boltzmann brain, floating in the cosmos." - In that case... I want to talk to the manager.
Yes. I have a few suggestions of my own. Peace
Don’t get your panties in a wad Karen..
You are the manager.
@@philochristos REEEEEEEE
Perhaps Boltzmann topped himself to find out if he was living in the imagination of his own concept... we will never know!
I can't express how much I liked this channel, putting cosmology and physics in a timeline through out our history with the most updated theories. It has been a long time since I saw a science channel for the layman so clear in the explanations and with such a high quality.
I watched each video twice, at least, and it seems that I will keep doing so.
Congratulations.
It beats TLCscovery and the fat people show
I really admire your writing, Leila, and the unique way you create this short almost-novel for every topic. Thank you for wonderful videos on both channels!
The existential thriller at the end was quite exactly what was needed to keep me thinking about the cosmos until the next video. Excellent work.
This is an absolute masterpiece. This channel is just simply fantastic
The best line in this vid
“The arrow of time points to a direction that time travels in but not the speed it travels at”
Brilliant !
water is wet
@@russianbot8423
Not all the time....
@@russianbot8423 or is it? First let's define what 'wet' means...
wow deeeeep
@@michac.8283 "Covered or saturated by water or another liquid"
Liquids can't be wet, they do the wetting. Have a good day, sir.
8:49 What this video fails to mention is that, while the general entropy of the universe always has to increase for a spontaneous process to occur, it doesn't necessarily have to increase in an arbitrarily defined system. This is why humans do not suddenly dissipate into a sludge of cells and organic molecules - because we maintain our low internal entropy by expelling more and more out of our system and into the universe. We can also observe this defiance of entropy in the haphazard and brutal system of evolution/natural selection; and also in the technological and social progress of society over the centuries. So, unless there's no one maintaining it, the train doesn't necessarily have to degenerate into its constituent components.
so I was wondering (I'm a total noob on this subjecct, forgive me)... is that the reason why - for example - a star being born doesn't violate this 2nd law of thermodynamics? Because, on the surface, it looks like the entropy in that part of the universe certainly decreases. Sorry if this sounds ignorant. Just trying to understand the basics. Thx.
edit: nvm, I should have watched the entire video before asking silly questions. :-)
The law is
Entropy always increases in a closed system
The earth is not a closed system nor are nebulae (where stars are born) the only closed system that we know of is the universe BUT if there are other closed systems then the second law would apply there too
Energy always wants to dissipate, but you can, in some cases, capture some of the energy while it is dissipating and use the captured energy to create something. This is how combustion engines work. Or, for example , the energy being released by a river which is dissolving the ordered ice crystals of a glacier back into free-flowing water molecules can be captured to produce usable electricity.
We are, actually, grabbing some energy in the process of entropy, and TEMPORARILY using it to build something, giving a momentary illusion that we are creating order from disorder, but in reality, even our efforts to do so burn more energy, and eventually (actually almost instantaneously - it just seems like a long time because our lives are so short) our creations which we thought were so marvelous and eternal succumb to the very same entropy as everything else does.
The pyramids of Egypt will eventually be smashed into a near-microscopic sliver of compressed ancient rock. The whole of industrial civilization will someday just be a super thin layer of stratigraphy which, if we're extremely lucky, may be discovered by some future (and more evolved) form of hominin geologist.
10, 000 years - which is the entire lifetime of all human civilization as we know it - doesn't make more than a very very thin layer of stratigraphy, after the Earth gets done processing it for another couple of billion years. The fact that you can build a car from spare parts is certainly not proof of defying entropy, but rather more evidence of the truth of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics.
@@YogiMcCaw I never claimed that building a car out of spare parts is defying entropy *if we consider our system to be the universe at large*, since, for those processes to even take place, they must by necessity increase the entropy of the universe. However, yes, if we define the thermodynamic system as some arbitrary local bubble, it is absolutely "defying" entropy. Also, the former half of your argument in no way substantiates the latter; if, somehow, preserving the pyramids of Egypt was more thermodynamically beneficient than their succumbing to the natural processes of the Earth, ie perhaps the processes we use to do so might reduce local entropy at the cost of increasing the overall entropy of the universe, then they wouldn't necessarily crumble.
@@Hundredyacrewoods and how exactly, do we know that the universe is a closed system? we are observing through an electromagnetic spectrum that we just recently came to fully be able to observe, and don't even fully understand the fundamental laws of what appears to be our universe, let alone want me to be the entire universe, or multiverse, at Large. I fully believe we are significantly far away from fully comprehending the true nature of the universe, and, my personal understandings of the potential implications of the understanding of quantum physics we currently have a side, there is literally an untapped power source in the form of zero point energy, or, if you prefer, the vacuum energy of the universe, that could potentially allow us to exist in a cold, dark, universe, not if, but WHEN we tap it (if we manage not to accidentally destroy ourselves first, and that isn't even counting the ridiculous rate at which the evolution of our intelligence and consciousness seems to be exponentially, or maybe even logarithmically, increasing, over time.
This is the first time i have understood entropy. This content is genuinely my favourite to listen to while i do mundane tasks. I learn so much and it fuels the philosophical parts of my brain that i never knew existed.
In stead of doing 'mundane tasks' try understanding what you are listening to, and creating useful bits of memory. New philosophy is created only with thought NOT doing mundane things. Do you agree?
@@thecatsman where was it said that one cannot both 'do mundane tasks' while also deeply understanding what is being listened to? is that your experience and thus why you have projected it onto the other? it is not mine. when i do 'mundane tasks', i comprehend on an even higher level. the information flows into my mind and fits itself right where it needs to be when i am performing mundane tasks at the same time. small things which i have been doing for years and years. which don't require logical problem solving or complex thought. think.. driving. where your mind goes when you drive! i find your interjection lacking sense in the true meaning of the word and lacking objectivity which we all require when asserting that one's way of doing is somehow worse than ours.
I did not say one could not think while doing mundane tasks , but learning or memorizing usually requires ALL the mental effort one is capable of while retaining general awareness. The brain often learns with no effort or thought at all, but the intellect is more difficult to build up. Personally I found the original content we are referring to quite difficult. (We don't know the age of the commenter 'jrk1--' but I certainly respect his/her apparent desire to learn.) Also, to 'understand what is being listened to' is something different - the effort of learning has already been done.@@user-lm2ix1xd4c
Some of the highest quality content anywhere.
Imagine those who disliked this video.
I love it too...I only wish I were smart enough to understand it😻
Hahaha...not.
@@apextroll who possibly could?
Yet full of theories, not one fact.
Very well written, produced and going surprisingly deep in 30 minutes while having anecdotes for the flavor. The narrator is a gift too. This is great, good job guys!
i think this is the best and easiest way i found until now to explain the concept of entropy. You guys rock hard!
All of these are absolutely brilliant writing and the delivery just fits like a glove.
These videos just keep getting better and better. This channel is going to expand faster than the universe has once a few more people discover it and the algorithm picks it up. Keep up the great work guys
It's worth noting that the Boltzman Brain doesn't float through space continuing to think about things. It comes into existence with memory of all past thoughts, instantaneously has whatever thought it's created in the middle of having, and then dies. The only moment that's real is the last one the Boltzman Brain experiences. In a sense, they also are without time, only existing as a coherent consciousness for that instant.
It's also worth remembering that a Boltzman Brain is only more likely to come into existence than the experience we believe ourselves to have. Everyone who buys a lottery ticket is more likely to lose than to win, but someone has won nearly every lottery that's ever been held. Statistically, you know a random lottery ticket you hold is ALMOST certainly a losing ticket, and the Anthropic Principle says that we should assume we are in the most likely situation that could create a consciousness to be having the experience we have. The relevance of the Boltzman Brain is exclusively through the Anthropic Principle - it doesn't preclude the existence of humans the way we believe ourselves to live, but it means the safest assumption is that you're a Boltzman Brain.
But the safest assumption is not the safest bet. If, hypothetically, you played "Russian roulette" with 5 rounds in 6 chambers, your safest assumption is that it will land on one of the 5, but you can't collect unless it's the empty 6th so that's your safest bet. The Boltzman Brain has a meaningless existence, only having one thought before dying, so the wisest bet is on being a real human whose actions have consequences. A Boltzman Brain doesn't have to flush the toilet because it isn't real, but a real human will find the house smells rather badly soon if he or she doesn't.
Logically, we have to act as if we're real humans, regardless of the statistics. If we're a Boltzman Brain, it doesn't matter if we were wrong for the instant we thought about it.
Now if you want a real headache, stop and consider why the Boltzman Brain is more likely - it has infinite time to repeatedly be created by random chance. But so does the observable universe - every distant redshifted photon heading towards our planet, every gravitational mass that will ever effect us, the Earth, and everyone on it could spontaneously come into existence many times over the same infinity. The level of complexity means it's going to happen a lower multiple of infinite times than the Boltzman Brains, but a "Boltzman Observable Universe" would still happen an infinite number of times in an infinite number of varieties but also an infinite number of repetitions and starting at an infinite number of moments. Our observable universe could have just come into existence now with all your memories of it and it will be just as "real" as if it was the observable universe we think we exist in.
24:13 is referring to this as a source for our "big bang", but it would also produce everything as it is right now, just this instant, with every human having memories of everything we think of as history, but things we think of as history never happened. For example, all the things could have come into existence, including photons heading towards Earth, except for a 2 day gap in the photons from Alpha Centauri that would confuse the hell out of us when those photons reached us. Or you could come into existence with the memory of having a full bag of chips at your desk but in reality an empty bag of chips came into existence at that same moment. Hearkening back to the "Russian roulette" analogy, it's once again the wisest bet to assume we're not in a Boltzman Observable Universe for the same reason - everything we observe may be a pointless illusion in a Boltzman Observable Universe, so the only useful bet is to proceed as if we're in a universe with meaning. Yes, you may open the door to find you've come into existence in a world that in no way fits your memories you were created with, but the only existence you can prepare for is the one that fits your memory.
Personally, I think we're going to find that quantum tunneling has limits, so no Boltzman pebbles, let alone brains. The Boltzman Brain idea relies on quantum tunneling being able to instantly transport energy across any arbitrary distance, but we have never observed it do that over the highly improbable distances, we just assume it can.
🥲
Thank you for the incredible read.
That was quite the trip, but therefore is it correct to say that the idea of a Boltzmann Brain is the same/similar to Last-Thursdayism?
@@rga1605 I never could get the hang of Thursdays.
Yes, there is a very similar concept at play in both.
Our experience is completely information sent to the processing part of our brain. Whether that information is from sensory organs, the memory portion of the brain, or is entirely artificial, it's just information and we have no way of telling it apart. With both Boltzman Brain and Last Thursdayism, false memory and sensory data is produced as if it had existed previously.
The main differences are that a Boltzman Brain only exists for a moment and is due to the quantum randomness expected across infinite time; meanwhile Last Thursdayism is just reality coming into existence with pre-formed memory and it is intentional.
@Train 2noplace I'm afraid psychology isn't something I know all that well so I'm probably not him. Glad you enjoyed my comment.
This has to the best series of science-based astronomy / Cosmos and physics I have ever come across. In my y opinion it is very well written, produced and narrated. It is not pompous or condescending and I learn something new every time I watch it. Thank you
Oh man. This channel is amazing. I’m so addicted to it. I’ve watched the content it has, over and over again. Thank you for posting
Life passes by like a warm summer day. Live a life worth remembering.
This channel is a masterpiece and it's exactly the kind of content I've been wanting to see for a while
It's probably a very specific thing to mention, but a lot of documentaries annoyed me with their audio work - they had loud noises or anxiety-inducing music out of nowhere right after quiet parts. But the videos here have been perfect in terms of audio.
@Nelson Swanberg thanks
I see the correlation between the arrow of time and entropy, since when time goes forward, tornadoes don't create homes, and dough wont separate into flour, water, eggs, yeast and salt. But is it a constant? I don't know. Plus, when you get to the quantum nature of particles, since everything is conserved, there appears no difference between a particle going back or forward in time, as long as energy and momentum is conserved. It seems like entropy = times direction, since things go from high to low energy, ordered to mixed up.
Careful. Theories are not facts! These guesses could be totally wrong, just like Greek mythology was. We are dumb apes, open your eyes. We have no clue, none of us.
Yet the entropy of the universe itself came to create life....such an astonishing fact that if life didn't actually exist you'd never be able to prove that life is possible, yet here we are just trying to figure out how we got here. Life is so beautiful and to have this consciousness is nothing short of a blessing. Love the channel!!!
Excellent work. Thanks for consolidating a complex subject into a timeless treasure.
Imagine just chilling at the end of time and suddenly the big bang happens and the entire universe kills your vibes for the next trillion years.
Acutally 100 billion trillion years.
@@TheDeadmanTT glad i brought a book with me
Wack
Imagine staring at the end of everything you've ever loved, everything that has ever been...
... and instead of fading away, it says - no.
I know, I hate that.
TIME : Flies like an arrow ....
Fruit Flies like a Banana
Nooooooo! Lol
good one. thinking by analogy is a double-edge sword that sometimes lays on its flat side, so don’t try too hard or else ...
I think someone attributed that to Groucho Marx.
Fruit stand but we remain seated.
I see what you did there ☺️
Addicted to this series, fallen in love with physics and astronomy again
This video made me finally understand entropy and how it relates to time. Absolutely eye opening. The forward flow of time almost seems like a statistical necessity.
Seeing smoke dissipate out to a higher entropy state is fascinating. In the beginning it's one big clump, at the end it's diffused evenly. But in the middle, amongst those swirling tendrils, the beauty of life is found.
my favorite thing about the process is tending to it, and prolonging the inevitable decay by supplying new order and structure for the swirling tendrils to devour.
the inert state of matter chosen as fuel is relatively stable, and can be considered for all intents and purposes already in an unchanging steady state... until the blazing, yearning maw consumes it. sometimes over the span of seconds, sometimes minutes, sometimes hours, the newly deposited fuel source is torn asunder as the sustained chain reaction of entropic decay slowly consumes the system in a glorious blaze of inevitability.
nothing I can do will change the thermodynamics at play, i can hardly change the direction the smoke drifts let alone how much is produced or how quickly. the one who tends the flame does so only as adjutant and passive observer; to wield the fundamental forces as a weapon is no more feasible for mortal beings than to attempt to conquer death itself.
so it is that as each freshly chopped log falls into the crackling pit in my care, i behold a system of primordial beauty in it's simplest and most readily available form. i stare into the microcosm which foretells the collapse of star systems and galaxies; the sputtering flames of a dying star may yield a cataclysmic eruption of scales unimaginably greater than the simple flame before me, but inevitability and the constant procession of time towards an eventual new steady-state remains identical.
each log added extends the inescapable singularity that is maximum entropy, when cold silence takes over and the once roaring flames become energetic ghosts shrouded in clues by the inert ashes scattered about. it is a fascinating and beautiful process, one that keeps me captivated and always eager to experience again, that i might serve as guide and caretaker to the sacred ritual.
i really think i understand why our ancestors found such spiritual meaning in fires, and not just because of the obvious paleolithic association with basic survival and food preparation. it's a window of introspection and insight into our shared fate with all aspects of creation, and an opportunity to render respect and compassion to all who find themselves caught in the endless march of time.
you cannot avoid death, nor stave off suffering and disorder, but you can act pre-emptively and guide the process towards that inevitable conclusion with grace and mercy. death need not be a looming specter we flee from in adrenaline fueled frenzy as the internal wave-function of our perception collapses into a hyper-dense psychological black hole of fight or flight due to the catalytic gravity of fear. with each crumbling, ash-covered log breaking apart to yield ever more of it's stored potential energy to the licking flames, the heat generated can be harnessed and used for compassionate purposes- it is equally life-giving as it is destructive.
how beautiful! I feel such gratitude and peace when i behold the self-devouring serpent, the ouroboros coiled neatly in the confines of the little altar erected to contain it; the blazing heat of it's presence drives away the supplicant, for none can penetrate the wall of radiation both created by and sustained in the teleological pull of the snake's relentless pursuit of reunion and self-annihilation. the architect of the snake's journey are the same fundamental forces which are brought meaning by it's eternal dance. though, perhaps if this video and indeed many modern physicists are to be trusted, the dance is not eternal at all, but has an end and final conclusion from which no order can ever be formed ever again.
when the orange and yellow hues dance and flicker across the outline of smoldering logs in the flame under my care, i never doubt for a second that the flame will eventually succumb to it's fate inscribed by the immutable laws of entropy, but neither do i perceive a void from which the absence of meaning is pulled backwards out of the screaming abyss of un-creation.
yes, death is sad and scary, this is just as immutable as any other natural or physical law; our egos and the psychological infrastructure that gives them purpose and definition will always regard their own dissolution and collapse as being the icy embrace which seems to be the fate of all creation in the coming trillions upon trillions of years yet to come. but the collapse of matter into a lifeless, inert state is not the true absence of meaning at all. the illusion of meaning based on corporality is rooted firmly in control and domination, which are aspects of our physical consciousness long since evolved to protect us from the ravages of a seemingly uncaring natural world devoid of compassion and mercy.
to see existence in such a way is natural, and by no means illogical or short-sighted. we are, in fact, programmed to perceive the world in that exact manner, and the subsequent causal gravitas serves as sufficiently compelling force to set all manner of human behavior and activity into the combusting state- the flames travel across the whole breadth of our physiological and psychological bodies, slowly eating them away as the old is unshackled and the new solidifies into place. the weight of our decisions carry causal impact that knocks billiard balls of innumerable consequences into motion that cascade forever into newer and more alien states to what had come before. from life there is death, and from death there is life- perhaps not for us to claim or dominate, but to be inherited implicitly by whatever comes after nonetheless. thanks for coming to my TED talk, i hope it was pleasurable to read, haha. I'm going to stop here before i keep writing this story for the next hour, peace.
I think you go the memo on that one!
The intro song is "Tell You Something" by Rune Dale if anyone is wondering
This is superb writing and really compelling narration. The quiet presentation is both authoritative and comfortingly familiar.
This is the kind of content I want but do not often find. Brilliant and please keep it coming.
Lex Fridman's podcast has enough intellectually stimulating, rich, and thought provoking content to lead to quite the binge as well- If you've never checked him out, you're welcome!
I like your accent, it's so clear and scholar like. Also calming.
Now... why have I watched this at 1 am?
The quality of these videos lights up the internet. Thank you for this wonderful resource.
I cannot stress enough much I appreciate how amazingly beautiful and well made your work is.
These are probably my favorite cosmos-esk documentaries of all time (eyooo that's kind of a time pun lol)
It's like these videos are a kind of spiritual text. Like, this is how you're supposed to revel in the majesty of reality.
Not to imply anything about the existence or non existence of deities. It's just the feeling of wonder and fascination, of glory and beauty of the world around us as best as we can truly try to know it is so well communicated.
Thank you so much for what you do.
This channel is my favourite ever.. Incredible informative whilst being a poetic masterpiece. Your videos are amazing ♥️
Thanks
Why do Boltzmann brains have to be human? Now I'm imagining a Boltzmann dog brain, drifting through the cosmos alone, wanting belly rubs but getting none. :(
**sad woof**
Give the universe belly rubs y'all! :D
Dude NO!
I had a close call with my pup last night and I put on some soothing music and just stared in her eyes as the meds the vet gave her for pain took over and I felt like we both had this out of body experience that I could not even begin to explain, I finally snapped out of it and just felt at peace for whatever was going to happen. It was probably just my brain trying to get me to cope with everythings inevitable end or beginning.
P.S. she is doing better she had a false pregnancy, still not 100% but way better than she was.
Made me lol. 😆
Boltzmann brains just refers to a super advanced civilization that even the term "Magic" doesn't do justice to what they are capable of doing. They can alter the laws of physics on a whim, create universes, multiverses, etc,. If that theory is true, that means our universe is jusf one of many universes that the Boltzmann tremendously advanced society is experimenting on - for their own goals; and honestly - for their entertainment.
What a graphics. What a good soothing voice ..good soothing background music and a solid explanation of scientific phenomena as simple as possible. perfect presentation.
I like the fact you added the bit about the white feather being given to cowards after talking about Arthur Eddington, just show's that some people do a lot of thinking but about the wrong things and with a complete lack of knowlege, I love the videos you make, they are truly amazing to watch.
Out of everything in this universe, time intrigues me the most and this video was utterly brilliant. Thank you for this.
time is simply change. stop change and you cant tell if time exists anymore, thats because it doesnt
@@bntagkas
But you cant stop change.
Even the universe will fall Dark for all Stars will die.
You can never stop change because you can never stop Time.
I greatly appreciate the impeccable quality of your presentations. 👍
As someone that bases his entire career on the laws of thermodynamics….this has to be the most beautiful way it’s been explained.
Not one ape knows much about reality and laws of nature. Only whatever pathetic info we can understand with our extremely underdeveloped brain. Your ego is too big, we actually have zero clue.
I once had someone give me a hard time because I was talking about this kind of stuff.
He said how do you know ? You talk like you know but you are not a scientist or anything.
I then explained him that he talks about baseball but is not a player or a manger or an owner or work for a baseball team.
I then explained that in the same way that he knows baseball I know astrophysics and physics and science , because I listen to the peolple who do know.!
Great channel by the way. I love to listen to this before bed then drift away to sleep thinking about this .
Thank you
So two idiots were talking to each other about things they are completely clueless about. That's everyday life, kid. Why are you telling such boring stories? Don't you have better ones? ;-)
The good thing about theoretical physics is that you don't need to be a scientist to have a fun conversation about it. Even if you have no idea how the world works, you can still try your hand at figuring it out. I like to think I'm decently knowledgeable on physics, but honestly, I'm probably not. I probably get most of my facts wrong. But that's okay, because I have fun thinking and talking about it, and the people around me often do too. I come up with my own ideas of how many things may work... and probably, none of them are correct. That's fine by me, because that's the whole wonder of science. There's always so much to learn. It never ends, no matter what level you're at.
@@catpoke9557 Armchair players are always the greatest. They win every game. ;-)
@@schmetterling4477 Haha... Well, that's why I wouldn't bother getting into a debate with someone if they're actually qualified. I suppose if it's two people who don't know what they're talking about it's fine... if a little pointless... but at least you're on an even playing field.
I don't think 'armchair scientists' should be debating actual scientists. 9 times out of 10, the scientist is going to be correct and you're just going to be sitting there believing you're right.
Why has YT not recommended this sooner? Bravo Sir, Bravo
It was uploaded only 8 days ago.
@@christopherwalsh7700 8 days too many. Also, I was speaking in terms of the channel
The entropy levels of the RUclips algorithm are too high for it to recommend this video sooner.
The arrow of time appears to us because of the continuing entanglement of particles and systems to its environment. The wave function is spread out and correlated more and more with the environment with each interaction.
Beautifully presented and narrated. Really enlightened me on the subject. Thank you.
This is TRULY amazing stuff! Thank you for your hard work. You have a gift at telling things in simpler terms, so others can understand better❤
Xoxo
✌️ & ♥️
I was expecting a mention of the transformation of matter into waves and the overall tendency of the universe to reach towards the base energy of the quantum fields that permiate it. (because of space expansion via dark energy). Now I wonder if the random quantum fluctuations that give rise to particle /antiparticle pair could give birth to a new pocket universe in timeless parent universe.
I think Lee Smolin has an idea like that.
If the universe is electric you can get rid of dark matter and dark energy completely.
@@EsotericBibleSecrets it's not.
“ There is a theory which states that if ever anyone discovers exactly what the Universe is for and why it is here, it will instantly disappear and be replaced by something even more bizarre and inexplicable. There is another theory which states that this has already happened.” - The hitchhikers guide to the galaxy
And to think Douglas Adams might actually be onto something.
yea bc it's all on the individual level, to see the truth is to wake up from a dream you can't fall back asleep to. and "the truth is stranger than fiction".
OH, another "hitchhiker's" afficionado. these people claim to be so smart but they don't know the TRUE answer to everything is 42! so what's the big mystery?
i love these shows and this subject. and i have a different take on it entirely. (well, not entirely.) entropy doesn't indicate the "arrow" of time. there's no absolute, single direction of time. time is indicated through physical motion; movement. and the motion can be percieved in "reverse" as well as forward.
ask yourself this question: which came first, the big bang or the start of time? the answer is simple - time started BEFORE the big bang. the big bang was merely the physical expansion of the universe. expansion is motion/movement and without time motion is impossible.
so who's to say the big bang isn't the beginning of the universe but its end. if we experienced time in the "opposite" direction we wouldn't know it was moving backwards. maybe we don't realize its moving backwards now. we adapt to our perceptions of reality rather than to reality itself.
if we lived in such a universe, where backwards time is "normal," our physics would indicate our "cause" as their "effect." and vice versa. or, we'd conclude that its normal for effect to precede the cause.
its my contention that time has no arrow. its moving in all directions at once. just like the universe itself. (it may be possible for time to even move sideways.) its that, for whatever reason, nature has decided for our species to percieve the passage of time moving in this direction.
so, put that in your pipe and smoke it till the end of time - which just may be BEFORE the big bang itself, where all movement and all trime ceases to exist.
@@darionirwin4138 ... man, sounds like fun. reincarnartion really sucks uh?
how do you know you're not being reincarnated backwards, towards the beginning of time rather than towards its end? you just demonstrated the end is just a new HORRIFIC beginning. like an endless circle. how do you know where the circle begins or where it ends? or, what direction its going.
naw, i like my fantasy better. its at least logical rather than fanciful.
@@cjmacq-vg8um because how could you be anyone but yourself
@@cjmacq-vg8um it doesn't have to be horrific if you can just positively embrace the moment fully, that' why its a circle you're trying to learn to live fully as a human without thinking so much
This is one of the best science/philosophy channels on RUclips.
I always found this a silly question, and I put forth a paraphrased quote from Richard Dawkins: "To ask why in the sense of purpose is a silly question that doesn't deserve an answer"
Energy flows and interacts the way it does; there is no "why".
I've watched the first 3 episodes, and wow, that's impressive !
Fascinating. I never imagined we could all just be floating dreaming brains in an empty eternity. It still doesn't make any sense to me.
I have thought about this a lot for pretty much as long as I can remember. At first it was just based on the thought that if we can dream, how do we know this isn't a dream? But as I got older it changed to thoughts about how ultimately, every sense you have is just information being processed into something tangible by your brain. Which means all it takes is a brain that THINKS something exists, for you to feel every sense imaginable. Pain, smell, sight, hearing, and more. We have no way of knowing that we are in the universe we believe we are. We may have bodies elsewhere. Or we may just be brains. Or we may be computers. Or we may be something that we, within this universe, can't even comprehend. After all, different realities follow different rules. We're even superimposing our own rules to even use words like "reality" and "existence." Existence is a circular thing. It's a concept that can only exist if anything exists at all. Existence must come into existence... in order to exist. It's possible that if there is, was, or will be something else other than our own universe, it wouldn't actually EXIST. As that is a concept unique to our reality.
My favorite You Tube channel ever !!!!! Informative, entertaining, thought provoking, infinitely mind scratching
Yet another brilliant documentary. Much gratitude to you and your team.
I'm in love with this channel. Not only is the content of high quality, the comments section is hygeinic too.
Ana tha, very nice name by the way, completely 500 per cent agreed!!
This is just amazing. I never understood these topics growing up, I always felt excluded somehow. But this is opening up that world to me, it's amazing! Thank you!
I wonder if there was a state of even more order, before the big bang...
Would time stop going forward at maximum entropy?
Also I heard about the big bounce in another one of your videos, I wonder how that theory explains the entropy of the universe.
Great video. Adding some narrative makes those huge concepts comprehendable for, you know, normal people. It makes me want to learn more. Thank you and keep up the great work
Are you buying into these "theories"? I'd wait until those are proven facts. Otherwise, might open a Greek mythology book and believe in that. Or that some dude born a bаstаrd 2 thousands of years ago created this Universe. Give me a fuсking break 😂
How do we know time is going forward? We only know time movement in one direction which we have arbitrarily called forward. More appropriately would be to say we perceive time moving towards increasing entropy.
This is one of the best channels ever. Congrats on creating this masterpiece
Really enjoying your videos. Hello from the past to the 1 millionth subscriber!
This video is an absolute masterpiece, really encompasses the existential dread but also beauty of the universe.
I had never heard of Boltzmann or his brains before, I am now shaken but also kind of excited
My toxic trait is believing I understand this. Signed: astrophysics student
True story?
This channel will have millions of subs pretty soon, this is so cool 🙌
These documentaries are simply amazing!
This channel is good for me as a medium talented brain. Always get lost on other channels when hjey bring up formulas etc. Well explained here
Time is a concept humans came up with while trying to explain the interval between A and B. It exists only in our imagination.
@Pouty MacPotatohead Time is a vector, space has no properties. Time and space are measures of magnitudes. Space Time is a delusional explanation of mathematical equations. Equations are not explanations.
@Pouty MacPotatoheadspace keeps nothing apart, thats an attribute that depends on other objects to be an attribute, like a shadow. Again space has no properties. Equations do not describe anything they project outcomes. The incas had fantastically advanced ways of calculating movements of celestial bodies, their explanations for the movements are comical now. Math is not an explanation, space has no properties, time is a vector.
@Pouty MacPotatoheadI did and am arguing my case. Magnetism is what gives magnitude to everything, magnetism is what creates space and keeps things apart. Space is not a thing. We have atmosphere between us here, but in the nothingness of space there is nothingness that impacts nothing. That's why objects will go at a continuous rate in space, space has no properties to act upon said object.
@Pouty MacPotatoheadmagnetism is what keeps celestial bodies apart. When the flip side dielectric is in effect we observe gravity.
@Pouty MacPotatoheadnah that's all c.p. steinmetz I'm not that smart. Science is a religion now. Like how space has doesn't slow down an object in motion yet it keeps objects apart. We're not allowed to even question it or we're deemed weird, conspiracy theorists, or ignorant. I am willing to learn though. I got a lot of what I believe from steinmetz book on light and radiation, if you have any suggested readings please drop the titles.
I first heard of the Boltzmann brain yesterday while watching Star Trek, I was intrigued and looked it up. Now I'm watching some random documentaries and was surprised to hear the name Boltzmann.
also starlord's father was a boltzmann brain
I have watched many of these Videos, and many others. And, this is the first time I have read comments, and commented. Why it took me so long, I have no idea. To see others who enjoy the same thing, is AWESOME!
Hello to all of you guy's, an I thank the Video Creator, an all of you who have left such fantastic Comments! It is so refreshing. I spend most of my time working on websites, and trying to figure out how the Search Engines are working. Now, it is time that I enjoy the internet for what it is FOR! I can hit replay on any of these Videos, and watch them over, an over. Yet, I could do it all over again, tomorrow.
I find it amazing how we all know we are all destine for the same FATE, yet we still strive to build something, within this world. Mostly doing things, that none of enjoy. Now, I can not say that for myself. For I enjoy everyday!
How have I not seen this channel before! Absolute quality.
Ever since I learned about the death of the universe when I was 9, I spent years contemplating what does it mean for us, any of us and our distant future predecessors.
Also it answers the question of what's the meaning of life. It's very clear there is no meaning of life, there is no achievement or legacy that will be eternal because sooner or later everything, everyone human or alien has done, achieved or left behind will be gone without a trace.
The very powerful words of: "The very last hug, last kiss, last embrace, by the very last humans before the universe ends..."
They will forever haunt me. Everything we do is meaningless. Everything anyone or anything, human, animal or Alien does is meaningless. Unless we can reverse the heat death and cosmic expansion, what's even the point? Why leave a legacy when there will be nothing and no-one around to appreciate it? Well there will be no legacy left in the first place because there will be nothing left. Not even an atom.
I can somewhat see why people turn to religion because reality and science is nothing but miserable news.
And yet, we must live. Is love real? Or kindness? Or humor? Or beauty? Maybe these are all coping mechanisms. Or tricks of our biology. I mean it seems as if you were asking for an eternal witness to what we have accomplished and what we will have accomplished before it’s all over. I mean why be upset that it’s all going to return to nothing if we can agree that it all came from nothing. Let’s just except that as part of the rules of the game. And enjoy the wonders and mysteries of the whole thing. Anyway it’s not going to die before you die. Maybe you’ll find some consolation in that. Maybe you can leave a really good temporary legacy that makes a difference to the future of mankind. Even if that future is only another billion years. Or million years. Or 100,000 years. 🌞⭐️🔥❤️💎
You have no idea if the universe will end. You only know what a bunch of experts have told you to believe. You're no more enlightened than anybody else. Come watch some tv.
Only atheists arrive at this (faulty) conclusion. Those of us who know that this universe was CREATED know better. If you really believed this then what stops you from just going full hedonist and morals, ethics, consequence be damned? It's precisely because, written on your heart, you know this is wrong. You know that the meaning is derived thru reverence and effort.
@@--Singularity-- without an independent, objective arbiter, all human morality is relative. an objective, universal morality requires God. otherwise, a society of pedophiles can all just agree that their proclivity is perfectly moral. you can't have objective, universal morality without a universal, objective judge. That's God. *TIPS FEDORA*
Before
You was you were
but Not in Reality until Birth then your constitution changed to Consciousness written in a Code called DNA of which you are it's Conclusion but this is only an epoch of your Spiritual Incarnation to be for in the Twinkling of an eye you will be Changed when that Seed falls into the ground and you are born again but lacking " Awareness " how could you know this Destiny for everything has its Beginning Born for Eternity on bended knee head bowed
I bet you will say Thanks and mean it !!
Jesus is the Key 💖
If I had to explain time to someone I’d tell them that time is just a measurement of how long humanity has collectively experienced the universe
I must admit this is the uttermost best documentary on youtube of all time (for now). This is an unprecedented level of production quality, matching an even surpassing the best of established channels like BBC.
Thank you so much for that. I hope there will be some other topics too in the future, more "grounded" ones in terms of relation to the earth :)
Most theories are just theories. We can't even proof evolution of life on Earth 😂 There were also theories that Zeus existed 🙄🤦🏻♀️ We are still stuрid apes, we can't even do weight loss right. Are you trusting these "theories"? No proof, it's guess work at best 😂🤣😂
Make sure to check out their other channels, like for example History of the Earth, which is a bit more down to... Earth!
@@wyqtor thanks a lot Sir!, didnt knew about the other channels until now. Have a good one!
I really have to wonder if physicists have many existential crises. Because I definitely get a little overwhelmed at the sheer depth and complexity of our universe, and I can't imagine that it gets less overwhelming as you learn more
One of the best and easy to follow descriptions of entropy I have ever heard. A notoriously hard idea to grasp and even harder to explain. Amazing work on the video ❤️
Well said, Max!
This is propably the most brutal description of boltzmann brains I ever heard. Seriously, im afraid right now that everything I know is just an illusion, and I float through eternity, all alone.
Mommy!
no worries, if you are a boltzmann brain you only persist for a single moment. the way he described it was slightly strange. you wouldn't be a fully functional human brain. you'd just be the electrochemical relationship that a human brain would create to have your current experience. your memories and perception of the current moment would be an illusion of your configuration, and in the next moment you'd dissipate and cease to be conscious
@@DevinDTV You forget infinity. It is astronomical unlikely to form a Boltzmann Brain in the void for just a single moment.
It is even more unlikly that this brain would persist for several moments.
But, infinite time...
Great comment. Unsettling thought.
@@DevinDTV It's actually worse than that.
If Boltzmann Brains are an inevitability and far more likely than the existance of evolving life in a universe, then the existance of Boltzmann Brains within a sealed cacoon of sorts, together with warm flowing blood and an external but attached heat source, say decaying uranium isotope, is also inevitable. They would be less likely than a Boltzmann Brain appearing within a vacuum, but still inevitable. Such Boltzmann Brains could live for hours, days or weeks and experience an array of thoughts and emotions....
It's crazy stuff!
It doesn't matter. If reality is an illusion, it's still reality. It's the same thing you've come to know.
Let me put it like this... What if you spent your entire life believing reality was an illusion. What if you spent your whole life believing that reality is the result of a brain floating in a realityless plane, but then one day, you found out that's not the case. Instead, reality is inside the plane you believed you were floating through, and is not the result of your brain, but rather your brain a result of it. In otherwords.. what if you found out that reality was exactly as you in this reality believe it to be? If you spent your whole life believing your reality requires a brain making an illusion in a space where reality does not exist, you'd say the same thing. "So reality isn't real? I don't exist?"
But it is real, and you do. It is just not in quite the same way you previously thought.
As long as things are perceived, things are real. As long as they are real, they are reality.
Whether your reality is a result of a brain somewhere else, or your brain is the result of a reality right here... It's just as real either way.
This channel is a jewel.
So entropy is the big bang. The flow from order to disorder, from hotter to colder IS the big bang continuing to cascade outwardly.
19:21 is that a real nebula? If yes, what is it called? If not, what's the picture?
I’m only 3 minutes in and already i can clearly tell how much time and effort you put into this video as it is truly a beautiful piece so far.
This may be considered trivial but I have to ask. At 1:50 you speak of St.Augustine contemplating the passage of time and envisioning the stars inevitably blinking out of existence.
But I thought it was many centuries later that humanity discovered and accepted that all the lights in the sky were stars like our own.
Am I wrong on this?
Saint Augustine wasn’t alone over the centuries as a man of the cloth and a man of science *and* a philosopher all in one guy. One example is monk Mendel who figured out rudimentary genetics by crossbreeding peapod flowers.
The Church in its former position of power over almost everyone, strenuously opposed Galileo because he had the audacity to suggest that Earth is *not* the center of the universe, nor is the Earth’s sun.
That certainly seems more driven by human ego than an unfalsifiable divine fiat.
Time started moving forward because the Universe needed the awesomeness of my bad self to exist.
What I love about the Bible is it gives us an explanation of space, time, and earth origins. Genesis 1:1 “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”
The beginning: Time
heavens: space
Earth: matter/etc
People will argue about whether or not God is real but in my beginning studies I have found that one thing is true. If God is real, it absolutely explains everything that we are in search of answers for. It explains why there is a beginning point with the arrow discussed in the video. It also would make more sense of a creator designing such a beautiful universe and beautiful humans, animals, nature, than somehow the most random collection of matter exploding into the most organized universe with constants that are so precise. Natural design is so compelling.
Love this video though, great explanation and loved reading through the comments of everyone else. You all are great!
No it doesn't. It just shifts the goalposts slightly.
It doesn't explain where God came from, how He created time or space or matter, or where He existed before he created spacetime.
Time is simply our perception of a constant and ever-changing moment.
You know that the words Constant and Ever-Changing are antonyms right?
@@gregoryfenn1462 should I use _persistent_ instead? What I mean by that is that it does not seem to ever end. What I mean by _ever-changing_ is simply the fact that a supposed _beginning of time_ would not begin until a motion or movement (change) occurs. That is, if there is a such thing as the beginning of time. Otherwise, the past and future are eternal. This is even more enlightening because _if_ we dwell in the midst of eternity, then the chances of being in the _here & now_ would be 1 out of infinite (impossible) if our duration is limited in any way. It would be more likely that we've always been and always will be _if_ there is no beginning or end to reality.
Because someone pointed one way and everyone followed. While the animals and cosmos danced in all directions.
Exactly! Time is a man-made concept - this is why physics can't find the opposite direction when it should be able to. I also don't believe in entropy as it is merely ordered decay but we assume the decay isn't organized because we can't see the patterns or the patterns are too complex.
This, made me questioning. But thank you for the "storm". Great video
Well-written well-produced 🙏thank you
The odds of a boltzmann brain accurately believing in the laws that dictate it's though are probably pretty low. I would imagine if I was a boltzmann brain created from a random soup of energy that what I believe about physics wouldn't reflect how my boltzmann brain actually works.
I get that we are designed to percieve and experience time in a linear manner. But time does not do the moving, we do.
Infinity, super force, attributes to measure the immeasurable, existence is beyond values,. This video is one of the best attempt to explain the above verbs In a simplistic manner with logical and reasonable ending without any dogmatic concept. Keep it up gentlemen.
The comments I just made are from some of the best minds I have known, from Stanford, MIT, IAS at Princeton, Kalvi, and Aspen Physics institute where I live. I am greatful for my graduate studies at Stanford and my PhD from MIT and 40 years of thought and work on these issues. So grateful to live NOW, and see this all happening. Best, Dale Gray, CU Boulder Department of Astrophysics.