Yeah, I wish Americans had also learned the same thing... Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, targeting civilians with atomic bombs in Japan... Or China too when they ran down Nepal or when they send Uyghurs to concentration camps. Or the genocide going on right now. I smell double standards. The real war criminals get medals and promotions, while an old man is dragged before court and jailed for what happened decades ago.
However, the perpetrator was a minor at the time of the crime. Therefore, the trial also took place before the juvenile criminal chamber. Even if a person who is now 100 years old is convicted, this must be measured against the goals of the juvenile criminal law. A sentence to social work is obsolete at this age.
@@uwesauter2610 the maximum sentence for murder under juvenile law in germany is 10 years in prison.. nobody would get social work for accessory to murder!
@@uwesauter2610 Also this guy will never be in prison...complete waste of ressources while actual criminals are set free because the courts are overloaded
For those who are interested in this topic. Wikipedia: "The Radbruch formula (German: Radbruchsche Formel) is a legal theory which was first formulated in a 1946 essay by the German law professor and politician Gustav Radbruch. According to the theory, a judge who encounters a conflict between a statute and what he perceives as just, has to decide against applying the statute if-and only if-the legal concept behind the statute in question seems either "unbearably unjust" or in "deliberate disregard" of human equality before the law."
Except that the punishments are enforced along double standards. America's war crimes: ... Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, targeting civilians with atomic bombs in Japan... Or China too when they ran down Nepal or when they send Uyghurs to concentration camps. Or the genocide going on right now. I smell double standards. The real war criminals get medals and promotions, while an old man is dragged before court and jailed for what happened decades ago.
5:45 "I was only following orders." Is the excuse they give. It has been deemed not a valid argument since 1474 in Germany, that legal tradition stands true, still. In the USA it was also decided in 1865 that it is not a valid argument, during the trials around Camp Andersonville. For crimes commited in concentration and extermination camps it was deemed "too obviously illegal of an order" to allow for an argument of "I did not know better, I was only following orders" by the Nürenberg trials.
If that’s so old it’s weird that so many got away with that exact argument. A good example (that stands for many others) is judge Kessler in Kassel, who got away with a slight variation: „I was ruling according to the law at the time“. What he left out of course is that the law gave and gives judges a certain range in which they can place their penalties. And Kessler was always giving the must cruel possible. For example he didn’t have to sentence Werner Holländer to death because the had sex with German women. There were other options.
_"We had our orders and had to act like this"_ - what remains unmentioned is that orders have consequences if they are not followed. In the Third Reich, this meant prison at best, and at worst: headshot. It is easy to judge from the present whether the argument _"We had our orders and had to act like this"_ is valid: after all, no one from the SS is standing behind with a gun in their hand. That is one side. Another is the fundamental question of what the above argument actually means: The point is: Each time, people thought it was actually legitimate to be able to do bad things in a certain "name". In fact, they simply passed on the responsibility for their actions - and thus created a kind of "alibi" for themselves. _Those giving the orders relieved themselves of their moral responsibility by giving orders to third parties. These in turn absolved themselves of moral responsibility by using the above argument._ }} Gods or orders do not kill people - People who believe in gods or orders kill people {{ Ideologies do not kill or try to carry out oppression, but people who believe in "ideologies" do. For example, in the name of a "god" or a "religion" or in the form of a command. But whatever was supposed to serve as an alibi - something had to happen first for people to abandon their inherent reason en masse in order to do the worst things to themselves. And that is exactly what ideologies achieve. To dominate, violence alone is not enough - you need a different kind of justification to the people: so if one person exercises power over another - be it a dictator, a colonist, a bureaucrat, or a politician or fascist - then he needs a justifying ideology, always the same one: That domination is done "for the good" of the dominated. In other words, power is always presented as altruistic, selfless, generous! Once people have fallen into the carefully laid trap in good faith, benevolence and altruism change into their opposite. Totalitarianism gains more and more influence and power - which makes it possible to nip even the smallest opposition in the bud - in a perverted form this even extends to Nazi ideology. _"Ideology is laziness of thought"_ (Gerhard Zwerenz) Best regards - Alpha Rocking
@@Alpha_Rockingnot even the nazis were that stupid. Yes, a foot soldier didn't get much say if their commanding officer ordered them to shoot civillians but that's a different story. Nobody was forced to be a camp guard. You didn't get shot for that, you were sent to the front or wherever else there was a need for you.
@@naphackDT Yes - I'm not questioning that, either. Please, don't get me wrong; I don't want to relativize here. That would be tantamount to another crime, but I would like us to realize that such things are a completely different matter when you experience them in the flesh. I don't know how I would deal with it.😥 _"The worst enemy and corrupter of people (is; ed.) the urge for the collective based on laziness of thought and the need for rest."_ - Hermann Hesse Group dynamics write their own rules. They are based on a kind of collective human memory that has its origins in the earliest beginnings of human coexistence. Today, everyone can survive without the community. In early human history, the clan was the life insurance for each individual. So anyone who wanted to contradict the clan had to reckon with being excluded from it - which would have meant certain death. In other words: _"I often hear you speak of the one who commits injustice as if he were not one of you, but a stranger and intruder in your world._ _But I say to you, just as the holy and righteous cannot rise above the highest that is in each of you, so the wicked and weak cannot fall lower than the lowest that is also in you._ _And just as a single leaf does not change color without the silent knowledge of the whole tree, so the evildoer cannot do wrong without the hidden will of all of you."_ - "Of guilt and atonement" - Khalil Gibran It is worth thinking about this very carefully: _"Without the hidden will of us all"_ 🥺 With kind regards ζicᾰdἒ_Διphφ
Hedgehogs are native in Germany. And they are important, because they are eating the snails, whom otherwise will eat our vegetables, we grow in our gardens.
"Wo Unrecht zu Recht wird, wird Widerstand zur Pflicht" (Bert Brecht) "Where injustice becomes right, resistance becomes a duty" (Bert Brecht) There are no misunderstandings about right and wrong when you work in a concentration camp.
@@ravanpee1325 why don't you do a simple Google search on Brecht in the third Reich, before confidently talking right out of your backside? .. Brecht was an activist that antagonized the nazis as early as the 20s, as he was a supporter of communism. The communists were the only ones that fought the nazis, so they were the first ones to be eradicated... Btw everyone who's just a little interested in the history of the Third Reich, knows that Brechts works was one of the first ones to be burnt in the book burnings..so as you don't even know the basics of a topic, why the hell are you talking?
About the trial of the KZ-guardian: This guy, like a lot of Nazi officers and politicians, "dispeared" after WW2 and emmigrated in an other country. Some decades later, he decided that it would be so much nicer to return to germany, to claim as an former member of the military its retirement payings from the german state and benefit from free medical services in germany - unfortunatly, his papers were checked it was found that there still is an open charge for comitting war crimes against him - and in germany, we have in our law tthis strange regulation that any crime should be time-barred, only murder and "crimes against humanity" (= war crimes) can never elapse... And your argument "I only followed orders" is not valid: there are a few exceptions, but nearly all members of the SS were volounteers - and even some members of the SS refused to serve as guardians in concentration camps and prefered to fight (and die) at the front like all other geman men - but those people like this guard preferred to "serv the führer Adolf Hitler" as "guard" (means guarding the inmates, not protecting the concentration camp!) off an concentration camp, way behind the front, with 4 good meals a day, soft and warm beds, some girls around - and from time to time a little bit of murdering, torturing, violating, humiliating, stealing etc. etc. . We in germany discuss often the (central and very essential) question: Where starts and where ends your personal responsability for your actions? Are you not forced to commit crimes, if your commander or chef gives you the order to do it? When are you allowed to refuse an illegal order? What consequences will it have for you if you refuse an order, because you think it is illegal? That are questions of justice, of morale, of humanity - and at least here in germany, we are (still) discussing this topics. And we there for see a lot of things different then most US citizens (Edward Snowden, Assange and Wikileaks, "Whistleblowers" in industy and business, Abu Graib, Guantanamo etc. etc.) - I personally think that the USA is neglecting to discuss this question, especially in the military and in the police... NO, it is not OK to commit because "you only followed your orders" crimes, to murder, to tortur, to violate, to steal etc. etc. - every person must ask himself: Is this what i am just doing, legal or illegal, is it a crime, is it "good" or "bad" - no matter if you do it because it is your idea, because it´s what all are doing, or because someone gives you the order to do it - you are responsable. And that means in the end, that even when you are 99 or 100 years old, when you are still mental fit to follow an trial, you will be judged. And I think this is right. But I am only a some kind left-ish german... 😁😇😋
Except that the punishments are enforced along double standards. America's war crimes: ... Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, targeting civilians with atomic bombs in Japan... Or China too when they ran down Nepal or when they send Uyghurs to concentration camps. Or the genocide going on right now. I smell double standards. The real war criminals get medals and promotions, while an old man is dragged before court and jailed for what happened decades ago.
Although I ABSOLUTELY think that "following an order" mustn't ever be an excuse to commit a crime (against humanity especially), I'm not that 100% sure about where it stops being that. Basically, if your options are "kill those guys, or we'll get you killed instead", do you still have to refuse, even though it would not to be following orders, but to save your life? What about if it's not just yours, but your families too? There allegedly are cases where refusing guards where threatened that their family could end up in a KZ. IF true, I kinda get it? Also and that's just personal, my great granduncle was an inmate in Dachau. He didn't talk often about it, but over the years he told his story. One was of a new, young, guard that was, at first, a pretty friendly and overall positive guy, he made "friends" with some inmates and just obviously wasn't aware what exactly was going on. At first. After a couple of weeks he wasn't ever smiling, seemed terrified and was doing the KZ guards thing, without looking anyone in the eye. I'll never stop asking myself, should he just have killed himself? Tried to get send to the front line instead? He had a young kid, was it's life in danger as well? So, no. No excuse for active Nazis, in certain positions especially, but maybe, in some circumstances, a bit of...I don't know? It's highly controversial. I know. And I think making exceptions risks giving everyone a potential excuse and we really can't do that!
@@lethfuil well, that´s the thing, at least the guards in the concentration camps and most members of the SS and GESTAPO worked there voluntarily. They weren´t forced, no one threatened their lives or their families. They were free to chose another path like fighting at the front, but they decided to work in the concetration camps instead. In general, yes, if you commit a crime, because you are threatened and have no other choice than to follow that order, that is different. That is, why the regular soldiers of the Wehrmacht weren´t prosecuted for fighting in the war, if they had deserted, they would have been executed (like my great-grandfather). But the SS was different to that, no force, no threatening.. they did what they did because they wanted to... because climbing ranks, getting rewarded, being safe far behind the front was what they wanted to do.
@@chaoskind9012 yea doesnt matter cause the effect is still world wide. The fact that its not an international law and outsiders cant do shit against it makes it even worse
0:43 archaeologist here: That's an "Achtkantschwert"-type sword. (yep, that's the name of the sword type, even tho it literally means 'octagonal sword'-sword type) probably 10th century BCE, of the 'Hausmoning' subtype. But Poseidon wasn't involved :P Oh and the price...about _500,000€ and an entry in the criminal record_ xD
Doesnt it look way to good? I would expect a lot more deteriotation so my half educated guess was that it is a fake image. (Paper cobservator with lbasic knowledge of archeology and only a little of metal conservation) ;)
@@hansimgluck9207 It's of the late Bronze Age... It is a tin bronze that is extremely resistant to corrosion. Only a thin oxide layer forms on the surface, the green-bluish patina. BTW, Poseidon? That's the Greek god of the sea. His Nordic/German brother was Njörd.
Yeah and from what i heard she was given so many chances to correct herself. But she insisted being one of the living remains of a time that we all wish never happened.
"following orders" is no excuse for war crimes. That's why by international law all the Americans who did war crimes in Iraq are also guilty.but for some reasons no one sues USA all cowards ... Fast in charging any nation but usa
The USA do not accept the Hague court, never signed the corresponding contracts, do not acknowledge its jurisdiction etc. American citizens are pretty much immune to being prosecuted by that. And I can fully get behind this. No country should accept foreign jurisdiction over its people. Never. No exception.
It's not 'for some reason'. there were actions ~60 years back by the US that have been ruled crimes against humanity. The US then decided quickly to not acknowledge the ICJ (international court of justice) in general. But would acknowledge it when it fits for them. As any part of the UN, it doesn't have too much power. Putting US Americans into that court would be seen as an act of war by the US, and resulting in the 'appropriate' counter measures. Also the US are one of 5 permanent members of the Security Counsel of the UN and has because of that a veto right against the court... so... If that wouldn't be the case G. W. Bush would be there, being judged for crimes against humanity through Iraq, Afghanistan and Guantanamo, B. Obama would be judged for crimes against humanity because of Guantanamo, D. J. Trump and J. Biden would also be there for crimes against humanity, also because of Guantanamo.
@@maskharat that all needs to change. the US not bowing to international law for its soldiers and other personal while pretending to uphold the _rule-based international order_ is a disservice to the whole idea. the current set-up for the UN and the UN Security Council needs to change too. when you have a member with permanent veto-power abuse core tenets of the UN charter the whole thing becomes a clown show. Russia is in the process of destroying the UN as we know it.
@@maskharatwell, some on that list tried to close Guantanamo. But plenty instances of war crimes. Trump openly demanded the military commit them, no one cared. Killing innocent children is just fine, for both sides of the aisle.
These were not your average soldiers.. people like him were the SS-elite and WANTED to work iin these camps. you had to ask to work there and proof that you were a 100% loyal to the system. the nsdap didnt want anyone working there that wasnt a 100% on board with it.. and if you didnt wanna work in the camps anymore, you could simply ask to be re-located to a different job. there was no prosecution for that. even the nsdap knew that working there was horrible and very difficult mentally. Long vacations were also often granted to people working in the camps.. The common thing that people say "if you didnt follow orders, you would get shot" just doesnt apply everwhere.. especially not for the SS... thats why they still get prosecuted now and regular soldiers are usually not (unless they commited war crimes). sadly it took decades to put these people on trail and over 98% never stood trial due to the prosecuters being guilty themselves or a general will to sweep everything under the rug after the war
That's all nice and well, but you're forgetting something integral. If the guy is 100 years old now, he was 9 when Hitler was elected, 12 when Hitler abused the loophole in the constitution of the Weimarer Republik and turned himself into a dictator while putting an end to the democracy, 15 when the war started and 21 by its end. Until the end of the war, the only person he consiously experienced as the leader of Germany was Hitler. He most likely also had been indoctrinated and brainwashed for most of his youth in the Hitler Jugend. You can't really blame him for doing what he did when he had been told his entire youth that the Nazis were good and he should do what he can to make Hitler proud. Our youth shapes us more than anything, which unfortunately can also lead to cases like this. He is as much a victim of the Nazis, robbed of his youth and indoctrinated as he likely was, as the people who's deaths he is responsible for.
@@firekeeper1870 The trial isn't about revenge or punishment. It is for us to confirm our laws are still agreed. To a certain degree I would go along that he might have been a victim because he was indoctrinated and robbed of his youth, that is no excuse making others suffer the way he helped. It surely doesn't take away anything of the guilt he has brought upon himself. This is what we should learn, understand and never forget.
@@firekeeper1870 That's the reason why he is standing in front of a juvenile court (despite not being juvenile any more). And the judge will surely take these facts into account while making his judgement. But you also have to keep in mind, that millions of young Germans were brainwashed and indoctrinated but only a small percentage of them joined the SS and worked in the concentration camps. The majority just became "normal" soldiers and a small percentage even joined the resistance. So obviously there was a choice not to become a mass murderer even for these indoctrinated children, but he choose differently.
@@jurgenporn1867 I wasn't talking about "revenge or punishment", or about what the goal behind what the courts are doing is. I was talking about how people should look at him, because it's not his fault that he ended up where he did. The world isn't black and white, as many people would like things to be because that would be easier. It's not much of choice when everyone you know pushes you in a certain direction at that age. As an adult, you would know to leave such people behind and to find new friends and a new family. But he was just a child. One thing children seek more than anything is approval. If he was a member of the SS at the age of 21, then his family probably had close ties to them. You're also talking about how this is "no excuse making others suffer". Unfortunate as it is, making others suffer is a natural part of this world. Unless you're a plant, it's kill or be killed if you want to survive. And those kills aren't clean and painless either. Ever seen a cat rip apart a mouse or a bird piece by piece while playing with it? That's nature. The compassion and empathy we have ingrained into our societies aren't natural. They are a human achievement and one of the aspects in which we deviated from nature. What this also means is that they aren't an instinct to us but rather something we need to learn. When a child makes others suffer, do you immediately take the child to court and send it to prison afterwards? No, you teach the child to show compassion. Empathy. The child doesn't understand that what it does is really bad for others and that doing bad things to others is harmful to society. It simply doesn't know any better. But what happens if the child isn't thaught about these things? Or if the child is only taught to show compassion to certain groups of people and none to others? Do you think it's fair to blame the child for this? If not, why do you blame the adults these children turned into? Turning into an adult doesn't suddenly delete every lesson you've been taught as a child. It doesn't allow you to magically start new from a clean slate. And it most certainly doesn't cause you to suddenly develop empathy. Blaming him for doing something that he thought was the right thing to do, because everyone he knew told him it was, is just nonsense if you ask me. If he did something he knew was bad intentionally, this would be a different matter. Like his parents, who were already adults when Hitler rose to power. But how was he supposed to know any better? It's just sad that so many children in that time got robbed of their childhood and screwed over for life.
The last one perfectly shows how european houses are built compared to those in the US, where cars (in movies at least) so often just crash through the walls directly into the living room. Its always something where i think : that would never have happened in germany .. the same as all those movies where people actually become criminals because they can't pay the medical bills for the treatments of keeping some members of their family alive.
cars driving through walls into the livingroom occur in germany too. saw it more than once in the news. i even remember one case where it occurred multiple times due to the house standing at a sharp curve of a bundesstraße.
Murder does Not expire. I was only following orders is the stupidest excuse for mass murder in an extermination camp. Conviction criminals were employed there
I think your answer is a bit too simple. Would you have rejected an order knowing that you would have been killed whan you rejected to do it ? I think we are not able to answer this today.
@@gregorygant4242 in Germany for murder there IS No Statute of limitations. There is also a difference between manslaughter/homicide and murder. Manslaughter/homicide can become statute-barred, murder cannot.
Quite normal to Stop for a hedgehog crossing the street. We had a busy street blocked by several drivers cause a very tiny hedgehog was stranded and everyone was eager to rescue the little guy. He made it safely♥️.
@@ravanpee1325 they hung them. Göring, Bormann, Kaltenbrunner, Jodl, Keitel, von Ribbentrop, Seyß-Inquart, etc. were very high ranked nazis and all of them were executed.
The sword is very real, if in unusual good condition! But I know for a fact that there is also more cool Native American stuff than "just" arrowheads :-) (The sword is also not too unusual except for how well it's preserved. Museums are full of them - source: I'm a prehistoric archaeologist). And the "following orders" defense does really not hold any water for someone who was in the SS!
The sword was made from bronze and this stuff only turns green over time. The swords from iron and later steel oxidise heavily and looks like they dissolve. Bronze had the advantage of beeing castable and easy to maintain. Downsides are that it was made from copper and tin (extremly rare metal) and therefore was expensive. It was also soft and easy to bend. Iron on the other hand was almost everywhere and when people found out how to get the smithy hot enough to melt iron it replaced bronze weapons as you didn't need to have a shit ton of money and influence to get bronze or tin bars
@@ArkTrooper1994 Yeah, that´s true :-) Iron definitely has advantages over bronze, even though it does look much worse when it comes back out of the ground after a couple of centuries or millenia. I have still seen bronze objects looking much worse than this sword immediately after excavation. Also, fun fact: a completely unintended side effect from switching to iron was trade being severely reduced. Once it was not (as) necessary anymore for tin, they didn´t keep it up to the same extent. Tin trade didn´t stop entirely, though - bronze was still used for a great many things even during the Iron Age, from jewellery to armour, vesselmaking and sculpture, because it looked nicer, but also precisely because it was softer and therefore more malleable.
I think both copper alloys and iron do worse in acidic environments. But since the bones in this site are also well preserved, I assume it is a rather alkaline soil, which would explain the good condition of the sword.
First time i heard them scream i was like: "wtf is that". And when i looked it was just two hedgehogs in the bushes. But they are quiet in comparison to marten.
I once worked in my garden and suddenly a hedgehog huffed and chuffed at me. Sounded like a vomiting cat. I guess I had come too close to his hideout and woken him up. The thing is - had he not made any noise, I would never have seen him.
That old man got to live his life while the people he murdered suffered a horrific death. Yes, took them long enough to finally put him to trial. A shame.
That's the differnece between Germany and other countries: In Germany , the old felons are convicted to this day. In other countries they are still revered - for example - STALIN in Russia ("Stalinist purges" 1929-1953 - 4 up to 22 millions of death), MAO in China ("Great Chinese famine", "Cultural Revolution" 1958-1976 - 40 up to 80 millions of deaths).
Stalin's purges were 1937-1938. Also those responsible for murders were brought to justice, Yagoda, Yezhov and Beria who were the heads of political police prior to and during the purge years were shot. And Germany let the most perpetrators of the Holocaust get away unscathed. High ranking figures of Gestapo and SD ended up working for Verfassungsschutz (albeit through camouflage firms) prosecuting the same people they did during the war. Also one of the authors of the Nuremberg race laws (Hans Globke) was made head of the chancellor's office. The Nazi elites continued to rule over West Germany after the war as if nothing had ever happened and only a few faced consequences. There were established entire networks making sure these people weren't prosecuted. Mengele, among many others, was helped by such a network to get to South America. So don't make it look like Germany found the holy grail of war crime prosecution. It didn't. It found some of those that were too egregious to be kept hidden and that was about it.
@@GilbMLRS It took quite a while to get the Nazis out of the parliamentary system and it will be longer still until we will get fully rid of the laws they wrote. Well. Maybe. Right about now it looks very much like we're voting them into parliament again... But please don't forget that West Germany was under control of the allied forces and the US was one of the main perpetrators in safeguarding Nazis and emigrating them into the US, 'cause they were deemed useful. West Germany wasn't a free country to begin with. Also, combing through non digital documentation, finding the right documents that prove someone was a full blown Nazi in a ocean of documentation also wasn't the most simple job. What we know today isn't what we knew back then.
@@GilbMLRSyou can scratch past tense, too. High ranking Nazi families are still in positions of power without changing their ideology. There are books of family members who left somewhat disgusted. Interesting reads. And scary.
@@GilbMLRS Go to a shool in Germany and listen to the Teachers. All germans lernd in shool how bad the hole country acted in this years and the proud of the nation is not a part of it. Russia, Amerika, China are the greatest countrys in the world, i hear that is normal thing that the kids learnd in this countrys. Sry for my bad english. By the way, the last men standing units in Berlin against the red army was french and american SS-troops. Greatings from Saarland
German here. My late flatmate once took me to her grandfather, to fix something for him, and he drove us back home. I felt like I was riding with Mr. Magoo. Blind as a bat, but speeding down the streets like a madman. I thought we wouldn't make it home alive.
Concerning the 100 year old SS guard: sure the trial isn't really about him. He didn't go to a real prison or anything. Also it's likely he thought he did the right thing, was a young lad 18-25 maybe when it happened but nothing excuses this unbelievable crime against the most basic human principals. Maybe he even regrets it,but that's not the point, it's about closure for the victims (or their families) and about the principle as a whole. "I was just following orders" while propably true, isn't taking away the gravity of what he was part of. There were 19(!) year old female SS guards hanged right after the liberation of the camps and most of them, in their interrogations, just said they thought all of what they did was normal and necessary. Some were joking, one smugly said something along the lines of "well, it's over now but if I could make the decision again, I wouldn't hesitate for one moment" They grew up in this mindset. They weren't monsters, they were humans who thought what they did was good. (Well some were just sadistic psychopaths but the overwhelming amount were normal people driven into what they did because of the world around them) That's the true horror. We see it again today. People are capable of anything under the right circumstances and with a certain influence from the outside. The Nazis who thought all of this up and worked to make it happen, despite being aware of a world before this atrocity, a time in europe of relative prosperity, cultural freedom, freedom of thought, international cooperation and so on (from 1890 to the beginning of WW1 and the Weimar Republic afterwards as a time of freedom, but ofcourse a time of trauma aswell) are all dead and gone anyhow. Some died of natural causes but some got what they had coming. War is horror but thr holocaust was hell, a bureaucratic, industrial machinery against humanity itself. If you ever visit a concentration camp today and see the displays of the victims belongings it is overwhelming. Iam not an esotheric but when I was visiting Buchenwald I felt an evil, sad presence. All these individual dreams, hopes, stories... burned to ashes out of delusional hate.
7:00 "I was followinig orders" is, what Eichmann said. Hannah Ahrendt commented on him: "The Banality of Evil." She wrote a book about the trial in Jerusalem. And he didn't even kill anybody, he "just" signed he papers to get the ppl deported. Also the soldiers on the Berlin wall who killed ppl who wanted to flee east Germany couldn'T hide behind "following orders". German law does not allow this. One has to be fully concious of which orders one follows. They always have to be acoording to law.
Artefacts like that sword usually become property of the State, especially but not exclusively if they are found on public land. They may not be sold to anybody and will likely be displayed in a public museum for everybody to see.
In germany we have round about 48.000 diffrent animals. Deer, wild boar, red and fallow deer as well as foxes, martens, lynxes, beavers and otters. Alpine ibex, Alpine marmot and the chamois are also can be found here and wolfes, sometimes even a brownbear. I even saw a badger in my town. Seaeagles, golden eagles, as well as many diffrent snakes, turltes and tortoise, frogs, even seals, gray seals and whales. And many insects and smaler rodents like mouses, rats, squirrels and so on. Some got here and life here now, like Raccoon, raccoon dog, muskrat, nutria, ring-necked parakeet, Canada goose and Egyptian goose. we have a really richt flora and fauna here in germany. Maybe it is worth a video?
It looks like a fake to me, I read a lot of things about archeology and work for a museum that has a large collection of roman period objects. There is not enough corrosion on the object on the objectthat had been lying in earth 3000 years. Especially copper alloys are very vulnerable to corrosion, and the blueish colour hints towards copper alloy. But as I said, it looks way to good for a threethousand year old object found in the ground recently. Swords from roman period look like rusty sticks today and thats a good condition. Also the decoration on the handle looks a little like fantasy to me.
Hedgehogs in Europe are becoming extinct. They have started dying out. Where I live in the southwest of France I only ever see dead ones hit by cars (though they are night active of course). Chris Packham among others is advocating for people to cut hedgehog holes in their garden fences because gardens are the last remaining habitats for hedgehogs in our world covered in settlements. Here it is especially bad, everything is fields or settlements, but what is worse is that people couldn't even cut holes into their fences because almost all of them have pedestal walls underneath their fences and hedges. It's a real nightmare. I saved a hedgehog one and a half years ago and brought him to the wildlife clinic because he was injured. I hope he is doing well now.
You can do something about it and have a hedgehog friendly garden. We have many hedgehogs in gardens and they only need some hedges to hide in during the day, leave a corner with leaves during the winter.
8:22 The cleverest thing about the performance is that the slings are so big that they don't strangle themselves if someone with a different opinion comes along with a hairdryer. 😅
5:43 1) It is not our country. The Bundesrepublik Deutschland was founded 1949. 2) War crimes are war crimes. Following orders is not an excuse for comitting crimes. And soldiers even have the duty to deny orders, that would lead to a crime. 3) "Never forget" is a premise in this regard. The USA very early began to pardon Nazis, because there weren't many men left in Germany. The result was, that many Nazis worked in the government and even as judges in the new Bundesrepublik Deutschland up until the late 2000s. We have to give justice to all the victims, until no Nazi is left anymore.
In fall you can sometimes find baby hedgehogs that are too small to survive the winter. You can feed them minced meat and eg (not milk - every few hours day and night) until a place is available in the local hedgehog rescue center. Most accidents are caused by young people. By the way, it is not allowed to drive a car if you are physically unable to do so - young or old.
In Finland every driver have to undergo medical test witch include dementia tests from 70 y up at least every 5 years. Professional drivers it starts from 50 y.
As I haven't seen a comment about thr driving license regulations in Germany, I wanted to add, that in 2013 it was decided that every driving license given out until thenwould expire in 3033. There was no expiration date printed on them, so there was an announcement, and affected owners will be notified by then via mail. Every driving license that was given out after 2013 has a ln expiration date on them, which is 15 years after earning it. So if you've added a vehicle class to your license between 2013 and 2018, you will have effectively shortened the expiration date of your driving license, but you're allowed to operate another class of vehicles. Dumb, young me did exactly that in 2016. There is however no new test required to renew the license, just an appointment and a fee for the new card to be produced.
The „Double S“ wasn’t just people following orders, they were people totally in line with the regimes politics. But of course as an American you can’t now that. Just so you now, if you would say this publicly in Germany today, this would be close to a crime ! 😟
Here in Portugal we have to do driving exams at regular intervalls. If you fail, you can only drive cars limited to 30km/h. Because of their limited crash resistance, we call these cars „mata-velhos“ which roughly translates to „killer of old people“…
History just reaches farther back. When I was a teen my family saved a tiny sickly hedgehog from certain death, he was very small and infested with pests. The hedgehog was released in spring. We fed him with burger meat, eggs, some veg. He got strong and big. In Germany in fact it is fairly easy to get around without a car. There is a good public transportation network. Maybe if you're living in the boondocks it may be more difficult to get around. I'm living without a car in the country side and I still can go to places. It takes a bit more planning, but that is easy for me. There busses, trains, and taxis. Whatever you need. Mert, I'm guessing you're a sort of a secret fan of Germany, so why not come over, and get it all live?
For the last 3 years we got a hedgehog on our garden and apparently its a female. and she moved into a hole below old wooden dog house (our dog died last autumn) and we can see her mostly in April and May in early morning or late afternoon about 8-9 pm shes walking to get some food and theres always a dog bowl with water for her too :)
Also important to note here that the guards of KZs where there on their free will, they were able to refuse the job (that was already proven right after the war). If they took on the job, that means they supported what was happening there. I would say that is not just "following orders".
@@KeesBoons It's not about own or other's decision. It's about what state's laws they are. Also: So many Germans were _forced_ to do nasty stuff! Do you think all those boys went freely to war and all the mothers wanted them to go? No! They even had a name, they were called Kanonenfutter..
Thre's no market price for historical finds like that sword. Every archeological find is automatically owned by the country. If you per chance find something like, don't know when you are rearranging your garden, it's owned by the country and be lent/given to a museum. So you need to settle for a replica.
3:03 Love the comment "Nicht lang schnacken, Kopf in Nacken". It's a Northern German toast and translates to "No long talking, tilt your head towards the neck". Also Prost is German for Cheers. It's the shortened form of Prosit which comes from the Latin expression for "may it be helpful". So it's similar to saying "to your health". Merkel is retired these days and according to the Association of Tax Payers she receives 150k Euros of pension every month. Apart from some interviews here and there you don't hear much of her. She spends the time traveling with her husband and being a (wealthy) pensioner.
@@MetalGuitarTimo nope! 100% not! You had to apply to become one and be of "aryan" descend.. I have grandparents from russia, one of which was jewish, therefore im not aryan enough.. You dont know anything about the SS, do you?
@@MetalGuitarTimoSS were volunteers, and those in the camps had to prove, they are 100% supporting the ideology. In other words, they were actively seeking those jobs in the camps, and had to jump through loops to get them. The elite among the SS. Don't project your opportunism on others. No one knows how they would have acted, and you for sure cannot speak for others.
In my last days at school, in the early 80's, I saw a statistic, which claimed more than 60.000 hedgehog got run over by car, every year, in the old Federal Republic alone. And that was with less than the half car numbers, that we have today...
6:09 reminded me of Daniela Klette - a member of the former far left terrorist group "RAF" that is responisble for 34 murders and who has been in hiding for over 30 years and was finally caught this year.
Hm, that's quite different, though. One was a well documented, government financed murderer that lived a normal, public life. The other is a not well documented murderer that did not live under real name.
we have hedgehogs in our yard every year! they usually show up around nightfall and wander around to look for food, this year we've got two! also always remember to set your lawn mower robot to only mow during the day and then turn off at night so they won't get hurt D:
2:31 if a random woman who saves some hedgehogs have to be president of the US, something goes wrong. But, it is a better choice then the other two idiots who running for it 😂
The topic of second driving tests is pretty current in politics. Both sides have valid points but since many politicians are on the older side it’s often an unnecessarily emotional discussion used in campaigns.
2:01 Hedgehogs, bunny rabbits, hares, squirrels, hamsters, various rats and mice, their flying cousins - the bats (Fledermaus - lit. [wing] flapping mouse), otters, badgers, foxes, lynxes (European bobcat), roes (or deer as you call them), red deer (elk for the US), wild boars... There's a lot of native mammals and I didn't list the alpine ones yet like capricorn, marmots, chamois, snow hares... And at the coast we also have seals. Or as we call them - Seehund - sea dogs. Oh, and I nearly forgot porpoises, or pig whales - Schweinswal - as we call them. Also beavers and wolves found their way back after being nearly wiped out in Germany. Sometimes single elks (moose) come from the Baltics to Northern Germany. Single bears make it from Slovenia and Czech Republic to Bavaria from time to time. And they reintroduced wisents (European bisons) in the Rothaar Mountains which were bred in Poland after being hunted to near extinction. Also nutria thrive in Germany as an invasive species. They were originally brought from South America by pelt farmers but escaped. There's some living around the fish ponds near my hometown. They get fed by hikers often which made them so used to humans that at least one of them even climbs up your leg to beg for food. Then of course a lot of birds like our national animal the golden eagle (or stone eagle - Steinadler - as we call it), sea eagles, red kites, buzzards, various hawks, big and small owls, cranes, herons, storks, ravens, crows, jaybirds, magpies, blackbirds, starlings, nightingales, red breasted robins, great tits, blue tits, sparrows, - a lot of small songbirds in general -, swallows, pigeons, ducks, swans, geese, moorhens... And all the ones at the coast like various seagulls and waders. In the alps they also have vultures and in the southern woodland areas like the black forest grouses live. Also in Northern Germany a bunch of nandus (maybe 15 to 20) fled from an ostrich farm and now there's a small population of a few hundred birds (last number I read was 500 but declining through hunting) ruining the farmer's crops. Man, we really got it with the South American invasive species. Thanks a lot early 20th century Germany. Then the reptiles like adders, grass snakes, blindworms, lizards, turtles... Yeah, there aren't that many. Just like 15 species or so. Then we got some 20 something native amphibians like various frogs and toads, salamanders and newts. Fish we got trouts, pikes, carps, eels, herring, lampreys (or nine eyes - Neunauge), zander... Let's just say lots. I think that was plenty enough already and I won't get started with insects and all the creepy crawlers like flies, bees, bumblebees, wasps and hornets, spiders, ants, butterflies and moths, bugs, millipedes and all their various larvae forms. Let alone worms and leeches. 😅
"Wessen Brot ich ess', dessen Lied ich sing." (like who gives me bread, I agree to) this was said to me by the hr girl after I refused to try a SAP process as Consultant within a customers company, which I knew would not work. The project manager said "yes, it doesn't, but it gives as at least another 10,000€. I thought it was immoral nearly criminal and I refused. I lost the project and my job in the end after being mobbed for a while. I also stand by women who are threatened by men. But most do nothing. Most declare bad behaviour by I had to, because of my boss, because of my peer group, because of the money, advantages I could loose. Most people surely are not better morally nowadays. In opposite the selfness got much worse. A Hitler could win again like Putin, Kim, Erdoğan, Trump. Most people are following rather than thinking theirsselfes and risk s. th. for others.
Spot on. Google Milgram experiments. Milgram wanted to find out how the Holocaust could happen, at all. Original setup: test person is told, they are taking part in an experiment about learning effect of electro shocks. They let all kinds of people guess the outcome before starting the experiments. Results were FAR worse than the most cynical pessimist expected. Milgram lost his career, was shunned by the scientific community ever after. It hit too close to home, I guess.
There is an option for elderly people to take regular tests at old age, but it's voluntary. And because Germany is getting older and a lot of old people vote, parties don't want to force it through because many old people don't want it precisely because they fear losing their drivers license. That it's for a good reason they just ignore because it affects them negatively
In Germany, after you got your car-drivers-licence, no one really cares about your licence. Just if you, for example, get caught speeding, driving with alcohol or making an accident someone is asking for your drivers licence. Just at jobs where you need the drivers licence the boss has to ask for your licence monthly. At bigger vehicles like trucks and busses the rules are more strict. After the age of 50 you have to prove periodically like every two years that you are still able to drive a truck or a bus.
I’m sure in America you can find Old guns instead of swords under the earth. And I’m pretty sure this is something we most likely don’t have in Germany
I wouldn't bet on that - you can probably find old guns buried everywhere in Germany, and much nastier stuff, too - unexploded ordnance from WWII is a massive problem, and collecting amber at the beach is strongly advised against because white phosphorus from WWI looks eerily similar and started washing up years ago.
Current law says that if the contents of an order is obviously illegal, you may not follow that order. For soldiers, they have to protest the order after following it 😞
Native animals to germany? All the ones you find in classic fairytales and mythology. The stuff you would expect in a videogame set in medieval europe. (Some extinct now) Here an incomplete list of the most common: Hedgehogs, Mice, Rats, Martens, Ferrets, badgers a number of different kinds of deer (red deer, fallow deer etc.) Foxes, alot of Birds (you'd have to talk to an ornithology enthusiast about that) but ofcourse our shared national bird 'the eagle', different variant than the US one though. Wolves (slowly coming back), the european Brown Bear (kind of... since we killed them all). Hares, rabbits, pheasents, squirrels, ofcourse the boar... And then there are some unexpected feral populations of animals you wouldn't expect, which are invasive but kinda made some areas their home. like the south american Nutria, the south american Nandu/greater rhea, the european jakal that is coming in from the caucasus region and ofcourse the north american racoon. There's an area and espescially a town in central germany where you practically can't go out without seeing one. They will eat your garbage, theyll destroy your fruittrees... but they have these cute little hands and faces.😊 And then there's the extinct ones. Pretty far in the past we head the cavebear and lions even up until slightly later some lions persitet pretty far north. That's why you hear them mentioned in ancient myth so often. Extinct later still: the Auerochs ,which also has some kind of mythical archaic connotations since it was a sign of great courage to hunt one similar like it is/was with bears, boars or lions. And the Nazis tried to genetically reingeneer them because 'germanic tribes, aryans, german forest magic mumbo jumbo yada yada yada...' you get the vibe...
was on a bike ride at night a couple years ago, heard the eariest sound/cry that irritated me AF - turned out a couple meters ahead, just outside my headlights range, there was a hedgehog parent crossing the pathway with her child - hedgehogs have really fascinating cries apparently (never thought about that beforehand)
Wait until you hear them mating. I dimly recall q story of one neighbor setting the police on his neighbors (a young couple) and shaming them for making too much "sex noise" with the windows open. Turned out, it wasn't the neighbor couple at all, but a hedgehog couple in the back yard of the apartment block 🤭
My Grandma is currently 99yo. and it took sevaral lengthy personal conversations with the chief of police of the city to convince her to stop driving. She drove a small overpowered VW hatchback up until she was 97yo, and in the last year alone she damaged multiple cars while parking, and hit a pedestrian who, so she claimed, "wasn't there before"... 😅 There was no legal way to just take her license...
1:02 - In the 800s, Norwegian Vikings were already in the Americas. 600 years before Columbus. So you could find something, not just Indian stuff, but probably not that spectacular.
11:20 They actually exist already, the mass production can start whenever they want. The problem is IF something happens, who has to take the blame for it and that's what is keeping them back
As a German, regarding your question if it is okay, to prosecute a person that followed the orders of your country back then (the 100-years old guard of the concentration camp), YES. Clearly and without any doubt, yes, it is absolute legitimate. I also can explain why: joining the SS was something you did voluntarily, you weren´t forced to join it or to do the work, like shooting people, working in concentration camps... all this stuff was done fully voluntarily and they always had the chance to step back and do something else. They chose to do it. It´s not like the regular army where you had to join when you became a certain age, the SS and GESTAPO were organisations, that you had to apply to join, you had to bring proof of your ancestors and you had to proof, that you stand behind the ideology of the regime. So, even if it might seem odd to prosecute a man, that will die soon because of age, he still chose to do, what he did back then and he knew, what he was doing and he could have refused and do something else. He is responsible for the suffering and death of other people and for such a thing like being part in a genocide, there is no statute of limitations.
Much of Nazi "law" is not recognised as law in modern-day Germany because statute that deliberately denies justice cannot be law. Wikipedia Radbruch Formula, might even be worth a video reacting to that article. Also murder doesn't have a statute of limitations in Germany that was specifically introduced so that it wouldn't run out for these kinds of cases.
the animals of germany are pretty straight forward, we have or used to have: wolves, sheep, cows, bears, bunnies and rabbits, hedgehogs, pigs, warthogs, wolpertingers, horses, unicorns, dragons (the kind without wings), cockroaches (the politicians), dragons (the one with wings), goats, birds, some bugs this is partially a joke before im getting screamed at.
2:00 Yes, we have a lot of hedgehogs in Germany, and they are killed far too often by cars when they run across roads. I would also stop and carry them off the road. It's disgusting to see such an animal lying bloody and crushed on the road. We have more than enough roadkill here in Germany.
About the elderly driving test: It's especially stupid not to require an additional driving test because Germany actually has decent public transit, so there's no _need_ for them to drive, they can still get pretty much anywhere even without a car.
The Romans were in marching and fighting through what is now Germany so you are bound to find Swords, Skeletons and so on but 3000 years might be even earlier.
In the UK your driving licence is only valid until your 70th birthday. After that you must be tested every 2 years by your doctor, and declared fit to drive. Here in Germany you see a lot of elderly people driving very powerful cars. It's a recipe for disaster.
Well, as you can see there is a red eagle on the wall. This means the trail took place in Brandenburg State. The Nazis in the GDR were rarely token to custody because of war crimes during WWII. The reason ist that most of them became authoritys in the USSR controled zone and became members of the inteligence teams of the USSR and GDR. In the west there were the Nürnburg trails but they hadn´t have this in the east. And nowadays a lot of former GDR officers, soldierts and so on go to prison because they murdered or ordered to murder people on the inner Geman borders. It were also orders of the (now non existing) state.
The Nürnberger Prozesse took place befor the founding of the GDR, and the USSR was part of it. The US and the BRD did basically the same, who do you think build up the BND, MAD and Bundeswehr, or build the rockets to land on the moon?
As a kid i helped raking the lawn and my mom told ne to put the leafs around the trees so that hedgehogs can hide during the coming winter season. As an adult i would still do it if i didn’t move to a megacity with no private garden
Fun Fact: The sword showed up just in time for the owner to recive his weapons licence. He forgot to mark the application as urgend and German bureaucracy can be a bit slow from time to time.
Germany - Birthplace of European Music and Art 🎶 The remains of the world’s oldest musical instruments and human figurines suggest that music and artistic depictions of the human form may have first developed in Germany around 40,000 years ago, say researchers. This is two to three millennia earlier than previously thought. Scientists need an accurate timeline of events in Europe to understand the development of human culture. They get this by carbon-dating objects from archaeological sites. But before this study, there were large variations in the carbon dates from Europe’s many stone-age sites. Now, analysis at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit has used new techniques to remove contamination from the samples, producing more accurate results. The team’s findings suggest that the Swabian Jura of southwest Germany was a key site in the development of modern human culture in Europe. _“We started using improved techniques back in 2001, and we noticed something very interesting,”_ explains Professor Tom Higham from the University of Oxford, lead author of a paper published in the Journal of Human Evolution. _“When we re-dated objects, the results tended to be a lot older than we previously thought, and this is because we removed contaminants more successfully.”_ _“So we applied the same methods to sites with evidence for the earliest modern humans, sites where the ages you measure are critically important. We found that the dates are much more consistent - the new dating work has made sense of the sites.”_ Most scholars think that the transition from a Neanderthal-dominated Europe to one populated by modern humans happened 35,000 to 45,000 years ago. Scientists call this the Aurignacian period, when modern humans become widespread all over Europe. Archaeologists have found evidence for more developed artistic expression around this time, rather than just decorative patterns. What scientists don’t know is how this spread of people and ideas happened. The findings in Germany help provide an answer. While modern humans were developing art, music and mythology in the Swabia, parts of central and Western Europe were still populated by Neanderthals. The researchers think that the early humans moved into the Swabian Jura along the Danube corridor, before moving into Italy and France later, which explains why the Swabian artifacts are a little bit older than those from other areas. _“The Danube corridor idea was first proposed around ten years ago. It suggests that people moved along this river corridor at an early date. It’s a good idea because people need to be near sources of water,’_ Higham says. _‘There are several early sites along the Danube River which support this idea.”_ But that's not all: The artifacts found in the German sites include the oldest representation of the human body that has ever been discovered: "THE VENUS FROM HOHLE FELS" Professor Nicholas Conard from the University of Tubingen, who was also involved in the new analysis, found the Venus of Hohle Fels in 2008. It was sculpted out of a wooly mammoth tusk. Also found in the mountain caves were fragments of the oldest bone flutes yet unearthed. One of them, made from a swan bone, has actually been played - means: The first musical instrument ever documented is so well-preserved that it is still playable today - it works; amazingly well. We can therefore assume that the evolution towards a usable instrument took a few more years, meaning that people began to become artistically and culturally active much earlier. * * * The discovery of a sword in a grave, which is dated to be over 3000 years old, is indeed an extraordinary discovery - but the value of the discovery of one of the first musical instruments, which is over ten times older, can hardly be put into words. 🎶🎼🎶 Sincere regards, Alpha🦉
About the CC guard Josef S.: He was then in 2022 sentenced to 5 years at trial, but appealed. This had not been decided, so the judgment was not final. He died in 2023 at the age of 102. He actually said he didn't worked there.
Technologically speaking, self driving can be realised since years. At this point the issue is the reliablity of electronics. And the licencing in the respective counties. Many Tesla modules can drive autonomously but don't have the licencenes for it.
Yes, hedgehogs are native to Germany. In fact there are a lot of them. If you have an open garden, you probably see them regulary. In school we get taught that you should leave a pile of leaves in your garden in autumn, so hedgehogs can sleep in them over the winter.
5:55 Is there something wrong if you just followed your country's orders? Yes, there is. If your country's orders are a human rights violation and/or a war crime then there is everything wrong. If you follow orders without thinking about them we call this "Kadavergehorsam" (literally cadaver obedience). That's what armies are built on, it gets drilled into soldiers. On one hand, this is good as it saves time, routines lead to automatic procedures and fewer mistakes when you're amid the action. But it also leads to crimes - when you interrogate a prisoner and are ordered to use "advanced interrogation methods" aka torture you should always doubt the order. In Nazi Germany, the majority of people acted with Kadavergehorsam. It was a remnant of (especially Prussian) militarism that prevailed in the Weimar society and the military. People didn't doubt orders, they feared to question orders. With such a worldview and when the authority gradually intensifies the orders people are coerced to follow ever unethical ways. When the chain of command isn't interrupted one individual can bring millions to follow orders that violate human rights and dignity, that constitute war crimes. The most popular defense in post-WW2 court cases against concentration camp guards, judges, civil administrators, and military personnel was: you guessed it "I was ordered to". But that's not a valid defense in cases of war crimes and human rights violations. That's why our military has the ideal of a "citizen in uniform". German soldiers are not only permitted but expected to question orders that might result in war crimes and human rights violations and are permitted to disobey such orders. Think about it and think about your military.
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In Germany we learned at the Nuremberg trials that "following orders" is no excuse for crimes.
Yeah, I wish Americans had also learned the same thing... Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, targeting civilians with atomic bombs in Japan...
Or China too when they ran down Nepal or when they send Uyghurs to concentration camps.
Or the genocide going on right now.
I smell double standards. The real war criminals get medals and promotions, while an old man is dragged before court and jailed for what happened decades ago.
However, the perpetrator was a minor at the time of the crime. Therefore, the trial also took place before the juvenile criminal chamber. Even if a person who is now 100 years old is convicted, this must be measured against the goals of the juvenile criminal law. A sentence to social work is obsolete at this age.
@@uwesauter2610 the maximum sentence for murder under juvenile law in germany is 10 years in prison.. nobody would get social work for accessory to murder!
@@uwesauter2610 Also this guy will never be in prison...complete waste of ressources while actual criminals are set free because the courts are overloaded
For regular soldiers there was no punishment.
Following orders against human rights is a crime too.
For those who are interested in this topic. Wikipedia: "The Radbruch formula (German: Radbruchsche Formel) is a legal theory which was first formulated in a 1946 essay by the German law professor and politician Gustav Radbruch. According to the theory, a judge who encounters a conflict between a statute and what he perceives as just, has to decide against applying the statute if-and only if-the legal concept behind the statute in question seems either "unbearably unjust" or in "deliberate disregard" of human equality before the law."
Except that the punishments are enforced along double standards.
America's war crimes: ... Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, targeting civilians with atomic bombs in Japan...
Or China too when they ran down Nepal or when they send Uyghurs to concentration camps.
Or the genocide going on right now.
I smell double standards. The real war criminals get medals and promotions, while an old man is dragged before court and jailed for what happened decades ago.
That makes every single american soldiers a warcriminal and a criminal against mankind.
and the ones from the SS working in the camp didnt just "follow orders"..
they knew what they did there and wanted to do it!
@@ravanpee1325 why exactly are you trying to downplay the crimes of SS members? At least that what its sounds like..
5:45 "I was only following orders." Is the excuse they give.
It has been deemed not a valid argument since 1474 in Germany, that legal tradition stands true, still.
In the USA it was also decided in 1865 that it is not a valid argument, during the trials around Camp Andersonville.
For crimes commited in concentration and extermination camps it was deemed "too obviously illegal of an order" to allow for an argument of "I did not know better, I was only following orders" by the Nürenberg trials.
The guy was sentenced by juvenile law while the big shots in the NS regime made a career in postwar Germany...
If that’s so old it’s weird that so many got away with that exact argument.
A good example (that stands for many others) is judge Kessler in Kassel, who got away with a slight variation: „I was ruling according to the law at the time“. What he left out of course is that the law gave and gives judges a certain range in which they can place their penalties. And Kessler was always giving the must cruel possible. For example he didn’t have to sentence Werner Holländer to death because the had sex with German women. There were other options.
_"We had our orders and had to act like this"_ - what remains unmentioned is that orders have consequences if they are not followed. In the Third Reich, this meant prison at best, and at worst: headshot.
It is easy to judge from the present whether the argument _"We had our orders and had to act like this"_ is valid: after all, no one from the SS is standing behind with a gun in their hand.
That is one side. Another is the fundamental question of what the above argument actually means:
The point is:
Each time, people thought it was actually legitimate to be able to do bad things in a certain "name". In fact, they simply passed on the responsibility for their actions - and thus created a kind of "alibi" for themselves.
_Those giving the orders relieved themselves of their moral responsibility by giving orders to third parties. These in turn absolved themselves of moral responsibility by using the above argument._
}} Gods or orders do not kill people - People who believe in gods or orders kill people {{
Ideologies do not kill or try to carry out oppression, but people who believe in "ideologies" do. For example, in the name of a "god" or a "religion" or in the form of a command.
But whatever was supposed to serve as an alibi - something had to happen first for people to abandon their inherent reason en masse in order to do the worst things to themselves.
And that is exactly what ideologies achieve.
To dominate, violence alone is not enough - you need a different kind of justification to the people: so if one person exercises power over another - be it a dictator, a colonist, a bureaucrat, or a politician or fascist - then he needs a justifying ideology, always the same one:
That domination is done "for the good" of the dominated.
In other words, power is always presented as altruistic, selfless, generous!
Once people have fallen into the carefully laid trap in good faith, benevolence and altruism change into their opposite. Totalitarianism gains more and more influence and power - which makes it possible to nip even the smallest opposition in the bud - in a perverted form this even extends to Nazi ideology.
_"Ideology is laziness of thought"_ (Gerhard Zwerenz)
Best regards - Alpha Rocking
@@Alpha_Rockingnot even the nazis were that stupid.
Yes, a foot soldier didn't get much say if their commanding officer ordered them to shoot civillians but that's a different story. Nobody was forced to be a camp guard. You didn't get shot for that, you were sent to the front or wherever else there was a need for you.
@@naphackDT
Yes - I'm not questioning that, either.
Please, don't get me wrong; I don't want to relativize here. That would be tantamount to another crime, but I would like us to realize that such things are a completely different matter when you experience them in the flesh. I don't know how I would deal with it.😥
_"The worst enemy and corrupter of people (is; ed.) the urge for the collective based on laziness of thought and the need for rest."_
- Hermann Hesse
Group dynamics write their own rules. They are based on a kind of collective human memory that has its origins in the earliest beginnings of human coexistence.
Today, everyone can survive without the community. In early human history, the clan was the life insurance for each individual. So anyone who wanted to contradict the clan had to reckon with being excluded from it - which would have meant certain death. In other words:
_"I often hear you speak of the one who commits injustice as if he were not one of you, but a stranger and intruder in your world._
_But I say to you, just as the holy and righteous cannot rise above the highest that is in each of you, so the wicked and weak cannot fall lower than the lowest that is also in you._
_And just as a single leaf does not change color without the silent knowledge of the whole tree, so the evildoer cannot do wrong without the hidden will of all of you."_
- "Of guilt and atonement" - Khalil Gibran
It is worth thinking about this very carefully:
_"Without the hidden will of us all"_ 🥺
With kind regards
ζicᾰdἒ_Διphφ
Hedgehogs are native in Germany. And they are important, because they are eating the snails, whom otherwise will eat our vegetables, we grow in our gardens.
Yeah very important I mean they eat like 0,00001% of all snails out there, without them .. yeah ... we would all starve for sure
@@vomm 🤣😆😂
I just found out that there are no hedgehogs in america (the continent) and australia.
that's wild.
@@katii1997 yeah that is one of the few things that really blew my mind when I found it out at later age.
Some smails eat the other snails eggs at least.
"Wo Unrecht zu Recht wird, wird Widerstand zur Pflicht" (Bert Brecht)
"Where injustice becomes right, resistance becomes a duty" (Bert Brecht)
There are no misunderstandings about right and wrong when you work in a concentration camp.
Ironic that Brecht has lived in a dictatorship himself and did exactly nothing when he wrote this
His friend Kurt Tucholsky killed himself in Sweden when Nazis got strong. Some are sensitive, most are not.
@@ravanpee1325 why don't you do a simple Google search on Brecht in the third Reich, before confidently talking right out of your backside? .. Brecht was an activist that antagonized the nazis as early as the 20s, as he was a supporter of communism. The communists were the only ones that fought the nazis, so they were the first ones to be eradicated...
Btw everyone who's just a little interested in the history of the Third Reich, knows that Brechts works was one of the first ones to be burnt in the book burnings..so as you don't even know the basics of a topic, why the hell are you talking?
He DID something by writing this. Being against the regime was very dangerous. His books were burned by the nazi regime. @ravanpee1325
About the trial of the KZ-guardian: This guy, like a lot of Nazi officers and politicians, "dispeared" after WW2 and emmigrated in an other country. Some decades later, he decided that it would be so much nicer to return to germany, to claim as an former member of the military its retirement payings from the german state and benefit from free medical services in germany - unfortunatly, his papers were checked it was found that there still is an open charge for comitting war crimes against him - and in germany, we have in our law tthis strange regulation that any crime should be time-barred, only murder and "crimes against humanity" (= war crimes) can never elapse... And your argument "I only followed orders" is not valid: there are a few exceptions, but nearly all members of the SS were volounteers - and even some members of the SS refused to serve as guardians in concentration camps and prefered to fight (and die) at the front like all other geman men - but those people like this guard preferred to "serv the führer Adolf Hitler" as "guard" (means guarding the inmates, not protecting the concentration camp!) off an concentration camp, way behind the front, with 4 good meals a day, soft and warm beds, some girls around - and from time to time a little bit of murdering, torturing, violating, humiliating, stealing etc. etc. . We in germany discuss often the (central and very essential) question: Where starts and where ends your personal responsability for your actions? Are you not forced to commit crimes, if your commander or chef gives you the order to do it? When are you allowed to refuse an illegal order? What consequences will it have for you if you refuse an order, because you think it is illegal? That are questions of justice, of morale, of humanity - and at least here in germany, we are (still) discussing this topics. And we there for see a lot of things different then most US citizens (Edward Snowden, Assange and Wikileaks, "Whistleblowers" in industy and business, Abu Graib, Guantanamo etc. etc.) - I personally think that the USA is neglecting to discuss this question, especially in the military and in the police... NO, it is not OK to commit because "you only followed your orders" crimes, to murder, to tortur, to violate, to steal etc. etc. - every person must ask himself: Is this what i am just doing, legal or illegal, is it a crime, is it "good" or "bad" - no matter if you do it because it is your idea, because it´s what all are doing, or because someone gives you the order to do it - you are responsable. And that means in the end, that even when you are 99 or 100 years old, when you are still mental fit to follow an trial, you will be judged. And I think this is right. But I am only a some kind left-ish german... 😁😇😋
Except that the punishments are enforced along double standards.
America's war crimes: ... Vietnam, Afghanistan, Iraq, targeting civilians with atomic bombs in Japan...
Or China too when they ran down Nepal or when they send Uyghurs to concentration camps.
Or the genocide going on right now.
I smell double standards. The real war criminals get medals and promotions, while an old man is dragged before court and jailed for what happened decades ago.
He was sentenced by juvenile law while the big shots made career after the war...so a complete waste of time
@@ravanpee1325nur weil du von dem jetzigen system enttäuscht bist, musst du nicht die nazis in schutz nehmen. Das ist echt traurig
Although I ABSOLUTELY think that "following an order" mustn't ever be an excuse to commit a crime (against humanity especially), I'm not that 100% sure about where it stops being that.
Basically, if your options are "kill those guys, or we'll get you killed instead", do you still have to refuse, even though it would not to be following orders, but to save your life? What about if it's not just yours, but your families too? There allegedly are cases where refusing guards where threatened that their family could end up in a KZ. IF true, I kinda get it?
Also and that's just personal, my great granduncle was an inmate in Dachau. He didn't talk often about it, but over the years he told his story.
One was of a new, young, guard that was, at first, a pretty friendly and overall positive guy, he made "friends" with some inmates and just obviously wasn't aware what exactly was going on.
At first. After a couple of weeks he wasn't ever smiling, seemed terrified and was doing the KZ guards thing, without looking anyone in the eye.
I'll never stop asking myself, should he just have killed himself? Tried to get send to the front line instead? He had a young kid, was it's life in danger as well?
So, no. No excuse for active Nazis, in certain positions especially, but maybe, in some circumstances, a bit of...I don't know?
It's highly controversial. I know. And I think making exceptions risks giving everyone a potential excuse and we really can't do that!
@@lethfuil well, that´s the thing, at least the guards in the concentration camps and most members of the SS and GESTAPO worked there voluntarily. They weren´t forced, no one threatened their lives or their families. They were free to chose another path like fighting at the front, but they decided to work in the concetration camps instead.
In general, yes, if you commit a crime, because you are threatened and have no other choice than to follow that order, that is different. That is, why the regular soldiers of the Wehrmacht weren´t prosecuted for fighting in the war, if they had deserted, they would have been executed (like my great-grandfather). But the SS was different to that, no force, no threatening.. they did what they did because they wanted to... because climbing ranks, getting rewarded, being safe far behind the front was what they wanted to do.
when "I just followed my orders and did my duty" was an excusion, then no one could ever be charged with war crimes!
That's why the Den Hague invasion act exists
@@ravanpee1325its so crazy to me that no one cares about that xd
Because thats only for american law not international@@cantinadudes
@@chaoskind9012 yea doesnt matter cause the effect is still world wide. The fact that its not an international law and outsiders cant do shit against it makes it even worse
Only an American's initial question on seeing a 3000-yr old sword is, "I wonder how much it is worth". 😅
An American See the Akropolis and his first question is " how much it is worth " and his second " and what were the Price to buy it " 😂
2:05 Hedgehogs are native to Germany
We have currently a Hedgehog-Family in our backyard
What about groundhogs ?
Mett Hedgehogs too
Are they called Igels in German ?
@@gregorygant4242 just Igel. No matter how many. 😏
0:43 archaeologist here:
That's an "Achtkantschwert"-type sword. (yep, that's the name of the sword type, even tho it literally means 'octagonal sword'-sword type)
probably 10th century BCE, of the 'Hausmoning' subtype. But Poseidon wasn't involved :P
Oh and the price...about _500,000€ and an entry in the criminal record_ xD
Doesnt it look way to good? I would expect a lot more deteriotation so my half educated guess was that it is a fake image. (Paper cobservator with lbasic knowledge of archeology and only a little of metal conservation) ;)
@@hansimgluck9207 It's of the late Bronze Age... It is a tin bronze that is extremely resistant to corrosion. Only a thin oxide layer forms on the surface, the green-bluish patina.
BTW, Poseidon? That's the Greek god of the sea. His Nordic/German brother was Njörd.
@@Krautrock007the ground it was buried in also has just the right PH level to help in conservation as is evident by the still intact bones.
Prost is like Cheers
3:50 - With reference to this topic: 2 weeks ago, a 95-year-old was sentenced to 1 year in prison for denying the Holocaust.
Yeah and from what i heard she was given so many chances to correct herself. But she insisted being one of the living remains of a time that we all wish never happened.
@@olgahein4384Well I have good news.
oh, the famous "Nazi witch"..
well she is beyond saving..
@@olgahein4384 This Self-Guilt is disgusting.
Did she died in prison?
5:45 As Hannah Arendt said: No one has the right to obey.
"following orders" is no excuse for war crimes. That's why by international law all the Americans who did war crimes in Iraq are also guilty.but for some reasons no one sues USA all cowards ... Fast in charging any nation but usa
Because in the US investigating US war crimes is illegal and thanks to the Den Hague invasions act, US soldiers have immunity anyway.
The USA do not accept the Hague court, never signed the corresponding contracts, do not acknowledge its jurisdiction etc. American citizens are pretty much immune to being prosecuted by that. And I can fully get behind this. No country should accept foreign jurisdiction over its people. Never. No exception.
It's not 'for some reason'. there were actions ~60 years back by the US that have been ruled crimes against humanity. The US then decided quickly to not acknowledge the ICJ (international court of justice) in general. But would acknowledge it when it fits for them. As any part of the UN, it doesn't have too much power.
Putting US Americans into that court would be seen as an act of war by the US, and resulting in the 'appropriate' counter measures. Also the US are one of 5 permanent members of the Security Counsel of the UN and has because of that a veto right against the court... so...
If that wouldn't be the case G. W. Bush would be there, being judged for crimes against humanity through Iraq, Afghanistan and Guantanamo, B. Obama would be judged for crimes against humanity because of Guantanamo, D. J. Trump and J. Biden would also be there for crimes against humanity, also because of Guantanamo.
@@maskharat that all needs to change. the US not bowing to international law for its soldiers and other personal while pretending to uphold the _rule-based international order_ is a disservice to the whole idea.
the current set-up for the UN and the UN Security Council needs to change too. when you have a member with permanent veto-power abuse core tenets of the UN charter the whole thing becomes a clown show. Russia is in the process of destroying the UN as we know it.
@@maskharatwell, some on that list tried to close Guantanamo. But plenty instances of war crimes. Trump openly demanded the military commit them, no one cared. Killing innocent children is just fine, for both sides of the aisle.
These were not your average soldiers..
people like him were the SS-elite and WANTED to work iin these camps.
you had to ask to work there and proof that you were a 100% loyal to the system. the nsdap didnt want anyone working there that wasnt a 100% on board with it..
and if you didnt wanna work in the camps anymore, you could simply ask to be re-located to a different job. there was no prosecution for that.
even the nsdap knew that working there was horrible and very difficult mentally. Long vacations were also often granted to people working in the camps..
The common thing that people say "if you didnt follow orders, you would get shot" just doesnt apply everwhere..
especially not for the SS...
thats why they still get prosecuted now and regular soldiers are usually not (unless they commited war crimes).
sadly it took decades to put these people on trail and over 98% never stood trial due to the prosecuters being guilty themselves or a general will to sweep everything under the rug after the war
That's all nice and well, but you're forgetting something integral. If the guy is 100 years old now, he was 9 when Hitler was elected, 12 when Hitler abused the loophole in the constitution of the Weimarer Republik and turned himself into a dictator while putting an end to the democracy, 15 when the war started and 21 by its end. Until the end of the war, the only person he consiously experienced as the leader of Germany was Hitler. He most likely also had been indoctrinated and brainwashed for most of his youth in the Hitler Jugend.
You can't really blame him for doing what he did when he had been told his entire youth that the Nazis were good and he should do what he can to make Hitler proud. Our youth shapes us more than anything, which unfortunately can also lead to cases like this. He is as much a victim of the Nazis, robbed of his youth and indoctrinated as he likely was, as the people who's deaths he is responsible for.
@@firekeeper1870 The trial isn't about revenge or punishment. It is for us to confirm our laws are still agreed. To a certain degree I would go along that he might have been a victim because he was indoctrinated and robbed of his youth, that is no excuse making others suffer the way he helped. It surely doesn't take away anything of the guilt he has brought upon himself. This is what we should learn, understand and never forget.
There were enough people in the same situation and decided diferent.@@firekeeper1870
@@firekeeper1870 That's the reason why he is standing in front of a juvenile court (despite not being juvenile any more). And the judge will surely take these facts into account while making his judgement. But you also have to keep in mind, that millions of young Germans were brainwashed and indoctrinated but only a small percentage of them joined the SS and worked in the concentration camps. The majority just became "normal" soldiers and a small percentage even joined the resistance. So obviously there was a choice not to become a mass murderer even for these indoctrinated children, but he choose differently.
@@jurgenporn1867 I wasn't talking about "revenge or punishment", or about what the goal behind what the courts are doing is. I was talking about how people should look at him, because it's not his fault that he ended up where he did. The world isn't black and white, as many people would like things to be because that would be easier.
It's not much of choice when everyone you know pushes you in a certain direction at that age. As an adult, you would know to leave such people behind and to find new friends and a new family. But he was just a child. One thing children seek more than anything is approval. If he was a member of the SS at the age of 21, then his family probably had close ties to them.
You're also talking about how this is "no excuse making others suffer".
Unfortunate as it is, making others suffer is a natural part of this world. Unless you're a plant, it's kill or be killed if you want to survive. And those kills aren't clean and painless either. Ever seen a cat rip apart a mouse or a bird piece by piece while playing with it? That's nature.
The compassion and empathy we have ingrained into our societies aren't natural. They are a human achievement and one of the aspects in which we deviated from nature. What this also means is that they aren't an instinct to us but rather something we need to learn.
When a child makes others suffer, do you immediately take the child to court and send it to prison afterwards? No, you teach the child to show compassion. Empathy. The child doesn't understand that what it does is really bad for others and that doing bad things to others is harmful to society. It simply doesn't know any better.
But what happens if the child isn't thaught about these things? Or if the child is only taught to show compassion to certain groups of people and none to others? Do you think it's fair to blame the child for this?
If not, why do you blame the adults these children turned into? Turning into an adult doesn't suddenly delete every lesson you've been taught as a child. It doesn't allow you to magically start new from a clean slate. And it most certainly doesn't cause you to suddenly develop empathy.
Blaming him for doing something that he thought was the right thing to do, because everyone he knew told him it was, is just nonsense if you ask me. If he did something he knew was bad intentionally, this would be a different matter. Like his parents, who were already adults when Hitler rose to power. But how was he supposed to know any better?
It's just sad that so many children in that time got robbed of their childhood and screwed over for life.
The last one perfectly shows how european houses are built compared to those in the US, where cars (in movies at least) so often just crash through the walls directly into the living room.
Its always something where i think : that would never have happened in germany .. the same as all those movies where people actually become criminals because they can't pay the medical bills for the treatments of keeping some members of their family alive.
cars driving through walls into the livingroom occur in germany too. saw it more than once in the news. i even remember one case where it occurred multiple times due to the house standing at a sharp curve of a bundesstraße.
Still my favorite youtube video title: Why cars rarely crash into houses in the netherlands.
Murder does Not expire. I was only following orders is the stupidest excuse for mass murder in an extermination camp. Conviction criminals were employed there
Not to mention that the actions in concentration camps were often actually illegal even then.
In the US I think there's a statute of limitations on homicide or am I wrong on this ?
I think your answer is a bit too simple. Would you have rejected an order knowing that you would have been killed whan you rejected to do it ? I think we are not able to answer this today.
@@Jochen.Lutz-Germany all just excuses. You wouldn't be sent to an extermination camp without further ado.
@@gregorygant4242 in Germany for murder there IS No Statute of limitations. There is also a difference between manslaughter/homicide and murder. Manslaughter/homicide can become statute-barred, murder cannot.
Quite normal to Stop for a hedgehog crossing the street. We had a busy street blocked by several drivers cause a very tiny hedgehog was stranded and everyone was eager to rescue the little guy. He made it safely♥️.
Hedgehogs - Here the English language behaves as if it were German "Heckenschweine". In German, simply Igel - pronounced like the English word eagle.
The phrase: "just following orders" will never get you sympathy in Germany.
There are some orders that should never be followed.
How many US soldiers were persecuted for the illegal invasion in Iraq?
@@ravanpee1325 I just reported your profile to the police since you are downplaying nazi crimes!
@@ravanpee1325 the torturers from abu ghraib for example. but not enough, and only low ranks, thats true. do you really want to speak up for Nazis?
@@gonzo2495 What did Germany do with higher ups after the war? They all made a career eighter in the public administration or the justice system
@@ravanpee1325 they hung them. Göring, Bormann, Kaltenbrunner, Jodl, Keitel, von Ribbentrop, Seyß-Inquart, etc. were very high ranked nazis and all of them were executed.
The sword is very real, if in unusual good condition! But I know for a fact that there is also more cool Native American stuff than "just" arrowheads :-)
(The sword is also not too unusual except for how well it's preserved. Museums are full of them - source: I'm a prehistoric archaeologist).
And the "following orders" defense does really not hold any water for someone who was in the SS!
The sword was made from bronze and this stuff only turns green over time. The swords from iron and later steel oxidise heavily and looks like they dissolve. Bronze had the advantage of beeing castable and easy to maintain. Downsides are that it was made from copper and tin (extremly rare metal) and therefore was expensive. It was also soft and easy to bend. Iron on the other hand was almost everywhere and when people found out how to get the smithy hot enough to melt iron it replaced bronze weapons as you didn't need to have a shit ton of money and influence to get bronze or tin bars
@@ArkTrooper1994 Yeah, that´s true :-) Iron definitely has advantages over bronze, even though it does look much worse when it comes back out of the ground after a couple of centuries or millenia. I have still seen bronze objects looking much worse than this sword immediately after excavation.
Also, fun fact: a completely unintended side effect from switching to iron was trade being severely reduced. Once it was not (as) necessary anymore for tin, they didn´t keep it up to the same extent. Tin trade didn´t stop entirely, though - bronze was still used for a great many things even during the Iron Age, from jewellery to armour, vesselmaking and sculpture, because it looked nicer, but also precisely because it was softer and therefore more malleable.
I think both copper alloys and iron do worse in acidic environments. But since the bones in this site are also well preserved, I assume it is a rather alkaline soil, which would explain the good condition of the sword.
@@johannageisel5390 Entirely possible!
When fall comes around I always have a few hedgehogs in my garden. They make a hell of a noise when they scream at each other
First time i heard them scream i was like: "wtf is that". And when i looked it was just two hedgehogs in the bushes. But they are quiet in comparison to marten.
and while eating. they smack their lips louder than me in front of a pizza.
There's a reason they're called hedge-HOG in English.
I once worked in my garden and suddenly a hedgehog huffed and chuffed at me. Sounded like a vomiting cat.
I guess I had come too close to his hideout and woken him up. The thing is - had he not made any noise, I would never have seen him.
@@gonzo2495 How something so small can be so noisy while eating...
That old man got to live his life while the people he murdered suffered a horrific death. Yes, took them long enough to finally put him to trial. A shame.
Yeah, we do not usually break international law to get criminals out of other countries.
That's the differnece between Germany and other countries: In Germany , the old felons are convicted to this day. In other countries they are still revered - for example - STALIN in Russia ("Stalinist purges" 1929-1953 - 4 up to 22 millions of death), MAO in China ("Great Chinese famine", "Cultural Revolution" 1958-1976 - 40 up to 80 millions of deaths).
Or the US with Bush, Cheney and Co
Stalin's purges were 1937-1938. Also those responsible for murders were brought to justice, Yagoda, Yezhov and Beria who were the heads of political police prior to and during the purge years were shot.
And Germany let the most perpetrators of the Holocaust get away unscathed. High ranking figures of Gestapo and SD ended up working for Verfassungsschutz (albeit through camouflage firms) prosecuting the same people they did during the war. Also one of the authors of the Nuremberg race laws (Hans Globke) was made head of the chancellor's office.
The Nazi elites continued to rule over West Germany after the war as if nothing had ever happened and only a few faced consequences. There were established entire networks making sure these people weren't prosecuted. Mengele, among many others, was helped by such a network to get to South America.
So don't make it look like Germany found the holy grail of war crime prosecution. It didn't. It found some of those that were too egregious to be kept hidden and that was about it.
@@GilbMLRS It took quite a while to get the Nazis out of the parliamentary system and it will be longer still until we will get fully rid of the laws they wrote. Well. Maybe. Right about now it looks very much like we're voting them into parliament again...
But please don't forget that West Germany was under control of the allied forces and the US was one of the main perpetrators in safeguarding Nazis and emigrating them into the US, 'cause they were deemed useful. West Germany wasn't a free country to begin with. Also, combing through non digital documentation, finding the right documents that prove someone was a full blown Nazi in a ocean of documentation also wasn't the most simple job.
What we know today isn't what we knew back then.
@@GilbMLRSyou can scratch past tense, too. High ranking Nazi families are still in positions of power without changing their ideology. There are books of family members who left somewhat disgusted. Interesting reads. And scary.
@@GilbMLRS Go to a shool in Germany and listen to the Teachers. All germans lernd in shool how bad the hole country acted in this years and the proud of the nation is not a part of it. Russia, Amerika, China are the greatest countrys in the world, i hear that is normal thing that the kids learnd in this countrys. Sry for my bad english. By the way, the last men standing units in Berlin against the red army was french and american SS-troops. Greatings from Saarland
Not Poseidon, but real. Price: priceless
German here. My late flatmate once took me to her grandfather, to fix something for him, and he drove us back home. I felt like I was riding with Mr. Magoo. Blind as a bat, but speeding down the streets like a madman. I thought we wouldn't make it home alive.
Concerning the 100 year old SS guard: sure the trial isn't really about him. He didn't go to a real prison or anything. Also it's likely he thought he did the right thing, was a young lad 18-25 maybe when it happened but nothing excuses this unbelievable crime against the most basic human principals. Maybe he even regrets it,but that's not the point, it's about closure for the victims (or their families) and about the principle as a whole.
"I was just following orders" while propably true, isn't taking away the gravity of what he was part of. There were 19(!) year old female SS guards hanged right after the liberation of the camps and most of them, in their interrogations, just said they thought all of what they did was normal and necessary. Some were joking, one smugly said something along the lines of "well, it's over now but if I could make the decision again, I wouldn't hesitate for one moment"
They grew up in this mindset. They weren't monsters, they were humans who thought what they did was good. (Well some were just sadistic psychopaths but the overwhelming amount were normal people driven into what they did because of the world around them) That's the true horror.
We see it again today. People are capable of anything under the right circumstances and with a certain influence from the outside.
The Nazis who thought all of this up and worked to make it happen, despite being aware of a world before this atrocity, a time in europe of relative prosperity, cultural freedom, freedom of thought, international cooperation and so on (from 1890 to the beginning of WW1 and the Weimar Republic afterwards as a time of freedom, but ofcourse a time of trauma aswell) are all dead and gone anyhow. Some died of natural causes but some got what they had coming.
War is horror but thr holocaust was hell, a bureaucratic, industrial machinery against humanity itself.
If you ever visit a concentration camp today and see the displays of the victims belongings it is overwhelming.
Iam not an esotheric but when I was visiting Buchenwald I felt an evil, sad presence.
All these individual dreams, hopes, stories... burned to ashes out of delusional hate.
7:00 "I was followinig orders" is, what Eichmann said. Hannah Ahrendt commented on him: "The Banality of Evil." She wrote a book about the trial in Jerusalem. And he didn't even kill anybody, he "just" signed he papers to get the ppl deported.
Also the soldiers on the Berlin wall who killed ppl who wanted to flee east Germany couldn'T hide behind "following orders".
German law does not allow this. One has to be fully concious of which orders one follows. They always have to be acoording to law.
Artefacts like that sword usually become property of the State, especially but not exclusively if they are found on public land. They may not be sold to anybody and will likely be displayed in a public museum for everybody to see.
In germany we have round about 48.000 diffrent animals. Deer, wild boar, red and fallow deer as well as foxes, martens, lynxes, beavers and otters. Alpine ibex, Alpine marmot and the chamois are also can be found here and wolfes, sometimes even a brownbear. I even saw a badger in my town. Seaeagles, golden eagles, as well as many diffrent snakes, turltes and tortoise, frogs, even seals, gray seals and whales. And many insects and smaler rodents like mouses, rats, squirrels and so on. Some got here and life here now, like Raccoon, raccoon dog, muskrat, nutria, ring-necked parakeet, Canada goose and Egyptian goose. we have a really richt flora and fauna here in germany. Maybe it is worth a video?
I think you can't even buy such a sword. As far as I know it belongs to the public and goes to a museum (after University).
It looks like a fake to me, I read a lot of things about archeology and work for a museum that has a large collection of roman period objects. There is not enough corrosion on the object on the objectthat had been lying in earth 3000 years. Especially copper alloys are very vulnerable to corrosion, and the blueish colour hints towards copper alloy. But as I said, it looks way to good for a threethousand year old object found in the ground recently. Swords from roman period look like rusty sticks today and thats a good condition. Also the decoration on the handle looks a little like fantasy to me.
@@hansimgluck9207 Yes, I can imagine.
That's not what my comment was about though.
I referred to his question regarding the pricing/buying one.
And again... German houses are built different!
You know the story of the three piglets?
Then you know what piglet went to Germany engineering school.
Hedgehogs in Europe are becoming extinct. They have started dying out. Where I live in the southwest of France I only ever see dead ones hit by cars (though they are night active of course). Chris Packham among others is advocating for people to cut hedgehog holes in their garden fences because gardens are the last remaining habitats for hedgehogs in our world covered in settlements. Here it is especially bad, everything is fields or settlements, but what is worse is that people couldn't even cut holes into their fences because almost all of them have pedestal walls underneath their fences and hedges. It's a real nightmare. I saved a hedgehog one and a half years ago and brought him to the wildlife clinic because he was injured. I hope he is doing well now.
You can do something about it and have a hedgehog friendly garden.
We have many hedgehogs in gardens and they only need some hedges to hide in during the day, leave a corner with leaves during the winter.
German people either choose to be Nazi or were to scared not to . It was a very complicated and horrific experience for those involved .
You werent forced into the SS... you had to apply!
8:22 The cleverest thing about the performance is that the slings are so big that they don't strangle themselves if someone with a different opinion comes along with a hairdryer. 😅
5:43
1) It is not our country. The Bundesrepublik Deutschland was founded 1949.
2) War crimes are war crimes. Following orders is not an excuse for comitting crimes. And soldiers even have the duty to deny orders, that would lead to a crime.
3) "Never forget" is a premise in this regard. The USA very early began to pardon Nazis, because there weren't many men left in Germany. The result was, that many Nazis worked in the government and even as judges in the new Bundesrepublik Deutschland up until the late 2000s. We have to give justice to all the victims, until no Nazi is left anymore.
In fall you can sometimes find baby hedgehogs that are too small to survive the winter. You can feed them minced meat and eg (not milk - every few hours day and night) until a place is available in the local hedgehog rescue center. Most accidents are caused by young people. By the way, it is not allowed to drive a car if you are physically unable to do so - young or old.
Disabled people are allowed to drive if the car is adapted to them.
In Finland every driver have to undergo medical test witch include dementia tests from 70 y up at least every 5 years.
Professional drivers it starts from 50 y.
As I haven't seen a comment about thr driving license regulations in Germany, I wanted to add, that in 2013 it was decided that every driving license given out until thenwould expire in 3033. There was no expiration date printed on them, so there was an announcement, and affected owners will be notified by then via mail.
Every driving license that was given out after 2013 has a ln expiration date on them, which is 15 years after earning it.
So if you've added a vehicle class to your license between 2013 and 2018, you will have effectively shortened the expiration date of your driving license, but you're allowed to operate another class of vehicles.
Dumb, young me did exactly that in 2016.
There is however no new test required to renew the license, just an appointment and a fee for the new card to be produced.
The „Double S“ wasn’t just people following orders, they were people totally in line with the regimes politics. But of course as an American you can’t now that. Just so you now, if you would say this publicly in Germany today, this would be close to a crime ! 😟
Here in Portugal we have to do driving exams at regular intervalls. If you fail, you can only drive cars limited to 30km/h. Because of their limited crash resistance, we call these cars „mata-velhos“ which roughly translates to „killer of old people“…
History just reaches farther back.
When I was a teen my family saved a tiny sickly hedgehog from certain death, he was very small and infested with pests. The hedgehog was released in spring. We fed him with burger meat, eggs, some veg. He got strong and big.
In Germany in fact it is fairly easy to get around without a car. There is a good public transportation network. Maybe if you're living in the boondocks it may be more difficult to get around. I'm living without a car in the country side and I still can go to places. It takes a bit more planning, but that is easy for me. There busses, trains, and taxis. Whatever you need.
Mert, I'm guessing you're a sort of a secret fan of Germany, so why not come over, and get it all live?
For the last 3 years we got a hedgehog on our garden and apparently its a female. and she moved into a hole below old wooden dog house (our dog died last autumn) and we can see her mostly in April and May in early morning or late afternoon about 8-9 pm shes walking to get some food and theres always a dog bowl with water for her too :)
It belongs in to a museum! Indiana J.
5:53 Wrong, he followed the orders of the third reich.
We are the BRD Bundesrepublik Deutschland.
Same location different gov system.
Anyhow, If we think people are individuals, it's still their own choice to follow orders. Not saying it's an easy choice.
@@KeesBoons How is not an easy choice to not make a career in a concentration camp?
Also important to note here that the guards of KZs where there on their free will, they were able to refuse the job (that was already proven right after the war). If they took on the job, that means they supported what was happening there. I would say that is not just "following orders".
@@KeesBoons It's not about own or other's decision. It's about what state's laws they are.
Also: So many Germans were _forced_ to do nasty stuff! Do you think all those boys went freely to war and all the mothers wanted them to go? No! They even had a name, they were called Kanonenfutter..
@@vomm Not what I was saying.
the sword is real and it is priceless.
5:45 An important thing is that the BRD is not = The 3. Reich. We are Germans but not Nazis.
Legally it's the same body. But yeah, ideologically we have nothing to do with those times.
Thre's no market price for historical finds like that sword. Every archeological find is automatically owned by the country. If you per chance find something like, don't know when you are rearranging your garden, it's owned by the country and be lent/given to a museum. So you need to settle for a replica.
Next to my parents' property in Thuringia, Germany, a 6000-year-old cup from the Linear Pottery culture was excavated.
3:03 Love the comment "Nicht lang schnacken, Kopf in Nacken".
It's a Northern German toast and translates to "No long talking, tilt your head towards the neck".
Also Prost is German for Cheers. It's the shortened form of Prosit which comes from the Latin expression for "may it be helpful". So it's similar to saying "to your health".
Merkel is retired these days and according to the Association of Tax Payers she receives 150k Euros of pension every month. Apart from some interviews here and there you don't hear much of her. She spends the time traveling with her husband and being a (wealthy) pensioner.
Month?!😮
You could find buried vikings, which have settled there around 1000 years ago in the US. For example in NY or also somewhere else.
5:55 among all things you could have said, you have chosen the worst...
actually it makes alot more sense what he said compared to what we germans keep telling ourselves
@@MetalGuitarTimo since these camp guards were SS and therefore volunteers it makes ZERO sense in this instance!
@@mats7492 you would have been an ss soldier back in the days too
@@MetalGuitarTimo nope! 100% not! You had to apply to become one and be of "aryan" descend..
I have grandparents from russia, one of which was jewish, therefore im not aryan enough..
You dont know anything about the SS, do you?
@@MetalGuitarTimoSS were volunteers, and those in the camps had to prove, they are 100% supporting the ideology. In other words, they were actively seeking those jobs in the camps, and had to jump through loops to get them. The elite among the SS. Don't project your opportunism on others. No one knows how they would have acted, and you for sure cannot speak for others.
Hedgehogs are almost in every garden in Europe, they eat the slugs away
In my last days at school, in the early 80's, I saw a statistic, which claimed more than 60.000 hedgehog got run over by car, every year, in the old Federal Republic alone. And that was with less than the half car numbers, that we have today...
6:09 reminded me of Daniela Klette - a member of the former far left terrorist group "RAF" that is responisble for 34 murders and who has been in hiding for over 30 years and was finally caught this year.
Hm, that's quite different, though. One was a well documented, government financed murderer that lived a normal, public life. The other is a not well documented murderer that did not live under real name.
we have hedgehogs in our yard every year! they usually show up around nightfall and wander around to look for food, this year we've got two!
also always remember to set your lawn mower robot to only mow during the day and then turn off at night so they won't get hurt D:
2:31 if a random woman who saves some hedgehogs have to be president of the US, something goes wrong.
But, it is a better choice then the other two idiots who running for it 😂
The topic of second driving tests is pretty current in politics. Both sides have valid points but since many politicians are on the older side it’s often an unnecessarily emotional discussion used in campaigns.
2:01 Hedgehogs, bunny rabbits, hares, squirrels, hamsters, various rats and mice, their flying cousins - the bats (Fledermaus - lit. [wing] flapping mouse), otters, badgers, foxes, lynxes (European bobcat), roes (or deer as you call them), red deer (elk for the US), wild boars... There's a lot of native mammals and I didn't list the alpine ones yet like capricorn, marmots, chamois, snow hares...
And at the coast we also have seals. Or as we call them - Seehund - sea dogs. Oh, and I nearly forgot porpoises, or pig whales - Schweinswal - as we call them.
Also beavers and wolves found their way back after being nearly wiped out in Germany. Sometimes single elks (moose) come from the Baltics to Northern Germany. Single bears make it from Slovenia and Czech Republic to Bavaria from time to time. And they reintroduced wisents (European bisons) in the Rothaar Mountains which were bred in Poland after being hunted to near extinction.
Also nutria thrive in Germany as an invasive species. They were originally brought from South America by pelt farmers but escaped. There's some living around the fish ponds near my hometown. They get fed by hikers often which made them so used to humans that at least one of them even climbs up your leg to beg for food.
Then of course a lot of birds like our national animal the golden eagle (or stone eagle - Steinadler - as we call it), sea eagles, red kites, buzzards, various hawks, big and small owls, cranes, herons, storks, ravens, crows, jaybirds, magpies, blackbirds, starlings, nightingales, red breasted robins, great tits, blue tits, sparrows, - a lot of small songbirds in general -, swallows, pigeons, ducks, swans, geese, moorhens...
And all the ones at the coast like various seagulls and waders.
In the alps they also have vultures and in the southern woodland areas like the black forest grouses live.
Also in Northern Germany a bunch of nandus (maybe 15 to 20) fled from an ostrich farm and now there's a small population of a few hundred birds (last number I read was 500 but declining through hunting) ruining the farmer's crops.
Man, we really got it with the South American invasive species. Thanks a lot early 20th century Germany.
Then the reptiles like adders, grass snakes, blindworms, lizards, turtles... Yeah, there aren't that many. Just like 15 species or so.
Then we got some 20 something native amphibians like various frogs and toads, salamanders and newts.
Fish we got trouts, pikes, carps, eels, herring, lampreys (or nine eyes - Neunauge), zander...
Let's just say lots. I think that was plenty enough already and I won't get started with insects and all the creepy crawlers like flies, bees, bumblebees, wasps and hornets, spiders, ants, butterflies and moths, bugs, millipedes and all their various larvae forms. Let alone worms and leeches. 😅
"Wessen Brot ich ess', dessen Lied ich sing." (like who gives me bread, I agree to)
this was said to me by the hr girl after I refused to try a SAP process as Consultant within a customers company, which I knew would not work.
The project manager said "yes, it doesn't, but it gives as at least another 10,000€. I thought it was immoral nearly criminal and I refused.
I lost the project and my job in the end after being mobbed for a while.
I also stand by women who are threatened by men.
But most do nothing.
Most declare bad behaviour by I had to, because of my boss, because of my peer group, because of the money, advantages I could loose.
Most people surely are not better morally nowadays. In opposite the selfness got much worse.
A Hitler could win again like Putin, Kim, Erdoğan, Trump.
Most people are following rather than thinking theirsselfes and risk s. th. for others.
Spot on. Google Milgram experiments. Milgram wanted to find out how the Holocaust could happen, at all. Original setup: test person is told, they are taking part in an experiment about learning effect of electro shocks. They let all kinds of people guess the outcome before starting the experiments. Results were FAR worse than the most cynical pessimist expected. Milgram lost his career, was shunned by the scientific community ever after. It hit too close to home, I guess.
There is an option for elderly people to take regular tests at old age, but it's voluntary. And because Germany is getting older and a lot of old people vote, parties don't want to force it through because many old people don't want it precisely because they fear losing their drivers license. That it's for a good reason they just ignore because it affects them negatively
In Germany, after you got your car-drivers-licence, no one really cares about your licence. Just if you, for example, get caught speeding, driving with alcohol or making an accident someone is asking for your drivers licence. Just at jobs where you need the drivers licence the boss has to ask for your licence monthly. At bigger vehicles like trucks and busses the rules are more strict. After the age of 50 you have to prove periodically like every two years that you are still able to drive a truck or a bus.
I’m sure in America you can find Old guns instead of swords under the earth. And I’m pretty sure this is something we most likely don’t have in Germany
I wouldn't bet on that - you can probably find old guns buried everywhere in Germany, and much nastier stuff, too - unexploded ordnance from WWII is a massive problem, and collecting amber at the beach is strongly advised against because white phosphorus from WWI looks eerily similar and started washing up years ago.
Danke!
Current law says that if the contents of an order is obviously illegal, you may not follow that order. For soldiers, they have to protest the order after following it 😞
Native animals to germany? All the ones you find in classic fairytales and mythology. The stuff you would expect in a videogame set in medieval europe. (Some extinct now)
Here an incomplete list of the most common: Hedgehogs, Mice, Rats, Martens, Ferrets, badgers a number of different kinds of deer (red deer, fallow deer etc.)
Foxes, alot of Birds (you'd have to talk to an ornithology enthusiast about that) but ofcourse our shared national bird 'the eagle', different variant than the US one though.
Wolves (slowly coming back), the european Brown Bear (kind of... since we killed them all). Hares, rabbits, pheasents, squirrels, ofcourse the boar...
And then there are some unexpected feral populations of animals you wouldn't expect, which are invasive but kinda made some areas their home. like the south american Nutria, the south american Nandu/greater rhea, the european jakal that is coming in from the caucasus region and ofcourse the north american racoon. There's an area and espescially a town in central germany where you practically can't go out without seeing one. They will eat your garbage, theyll destroy your fruittrees... but they have these cute little hands and faces.😊
And then there's the extinct ones. Pretty far in the past we head the cavebear and lions even up until slightly later some lions persitet pretty far north. That's why you hear them mentioned in ancient myth so often.
Extinct later still: the Auerochs ,which also has some kind of mythical archaic connotations since it was a sign of great courage to hunt one similar like it is/was with bears, boars or lions. And the Nazis tried to genetically reingeneer them because 'germanic tribes, aryans, german forest magic mumbo jumbo yada yada yada...' you get the vibe...
was on a bike ride at night a couple years ago, heard the eariest sound/cry that irritated me AF - turned out a couple meters ahead, just outside my headlights range, there was a hedgehog parent crossing the pathway with her child - hedgehogs have really fascinating cries apparently (never thought about that beforehand)
Wait until you hear them mating. I dimly recall q story of one neighbor setting the police on his neighbors (a young couple) and shaming them for making too much "sex noise" with the windows open.
Turned out, it wasn't the neighbor couple at all, but a hedgehog couple in the back yard of the apartment block 🤭
My Grandma is currently 99yo. and it took sevaral lengthy personal conversations with the chief of police of the city to convince her to stop driving.
She drove a small overpowered VW hatchback up until she was 97yo, and in the last year alone she damaged multiple cars while parking, and hit a pedestrian who, so she claimed, "wasn't there before"... 😅
There was no legal way to just take her license...
🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
Happy 4th of July from Germany, Ryan!
🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉🎉
The little Hedgehog's legs wriggling 😭😭
"Before robots bite your toenails off", really? This comment made my day. Nice quote, it is going to stand the test of time - lol.
1:02 - In the 800s, Norwegian Vikings were already in the Americas. 600 years before Columbus. So you could find something, not just Indian stuff, but probably not that spectacular.
The vikings were there end of the 900s, more or less exactly 500 years befor Columbus
11:20
They actually exist already, the mass production can start whenever they want. The problem is IF something happens, who has to take the blame for it and that's what is keeping them back
As a German, regarding your question if it is okay, to prosecute a person that followed the orders of your country back then (the 100-years old guard of the concentration camp), YES. Clearly and without any doubt, yes, it is absolute legitimate. I also can explain why: joining the SS was something you did voluntarily, you weren´t forced to join it or to do the work, like shooting people, working in concentration camps... all this stuff was done fully voluntarily and they always had the chance to step back and do something else. They chose to do it. It´s not like the regular army where you had to join when you became a certain age, the SS and GESTAPO were organisations, that you had to apply to join, you had to bring proof of your ancestors and you had to proof, that you stand behind the ideology of the regime. So, even if it might seem odd to prosecute a man, that will die soon because of age, he still chose to do, what he did back then and he knew, what he was doing and he could have refused and do something else. He is responsible for the suffering and death of other people and for such a thing like being part in a genocide, there is no statute of limitations.
Maybe the driving dog(s) can drive them in the future. As an assistants pet. :-)
A note about the sword, it was found by an amateur archaeologist on his own property!
Much of Nazi "law" is not recognised as law in modern-day Germany because statute that deliberately denies justice cannot be law. Wikipedia Radbruch Formula, might even be worth a video reacting to that article. Also murder doesn't have a statute of limitations in Germany that was specifically introduced so that it wouldn't run out for these kinds of cases.
That sword is real - it was found in Nördlingen.
the animals of germany are pretty straight forward, we have or used to have:
wolves, sheep, cows, bears, bunnies and rabbits, hedgehogs, pigs, warthogs, wolpertingers, horses, unicorns, dragons (the kind without wings), cockroaches (the politicians), dragons (the one with wings), goats, birds, some bugs
this is partially a joke before im getting screamed at.
We even had two types of cows. AND we have at least two types of deer.
2:00 Yes, we have a lot of hedgehogs in Germany, and they are killed far too often by cars when they run across roads. I would also stop and carry them off the road. It's disgusting to see such an animal lying bloody and crushed on the road. We have more than enough roadkill here in Germany.
Its a sword made of bronz from celts, got a nice museum next to me
About the elderly driving test: It's especially stupid not to require an additional driving test because Germany actually has decent public transit, so there's no _need_ for them to drive, they can still get pretty much anywhere even without a car.
The Romans were in marching and fighting through what is now Germany so you are bound to find Swords, Skeletons and so on but 3000 years might be even earlier.
It's interestering what's going on these days.
Thank you for the reaction ❤
In the UK your driving licence is only valid until your 70th birthday. After that you must be tested every 2 years by your doctor, and declared fit to drive. Here in Germany you see a lot of elderly people driving very powerful cars. It's a recipe for disaster.
"How much for that sword?"- most US American thing to say. 😂😂😂 Literally no European would ever come up with that thought 1st hand.
I love you guys. ❤
03:05 "Prost" means something like "cheers" in german, you say it when you are drinking together with friends
Well, as you can see there is a red eagle on the wall. This means the trail took place in Brandenburg State. The Nazis in the GDR were rarely token to custody because of war crimes during WWII. The reason ist that most of them became authoritys in the USSR controled zone and became members of the inteligence teams of the USSR and GDR. In the west there were the Nürnburg trails but they hadn´t have this in the east. And nowadays a lot of former GDR officers, soldierts and so on go to prison because they murdered or ordered to murder people on the inner Geman borders. It were also orders of the (now non existing) state.
The Nürnberger Prozesse took place befor the founding of the GDR, and the USSR was part of it.
The US and the BRD did basically the same, who do you think build up the BND, MAD and Bundeswehr, or build the rockets to land on the moon?
That is wrong, you must be confusing something
@@wolf310ii "Once the rockets go up, \
who cares where zey go down? \
That's not my department, \
says Wernher von Braun.
As a kid i helped raking the lawn and my mom told ne to put the leafs around the trees so that hedgehogs can hide during the coming winter season. As an adult i would still do it if i didn’t move to a megacity with no private garden
Fun Fact: The sword showed up just in time for the owner to recive his weapons licence. He forgot to mark the application as urgend and German bureaucracy can be a bit slow from time to time.
Prost is cheers in Germany
Germany - Birthplace of European Music and Art 🎶
The remains of the world’s oldest musical instruments and human figurines suggest that music and artistic depictions of the human form may have first developed in Germany around 40,000 years ago, say researchers.
This is two to three millennia earlier than previously thought. Scientists need an accurate timeline of events in Europe to understand the development of human culture. They get this by carbon-dating objects from archaeological sites. But before this study, there were large variations in the carbon dates from Europe’s many stone-age sites.
Now, analysis at the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit has used new techniques to remove contamination from the samples, producing more accurate results. The team’s findings suggest that the Swabian Jura of southwest Germany was a key site in the development of modern human culture in Europe.
_“We started using improved techniques back in 2001, and we noticed something very interesting,”_ explains Professor Tom Higham from the University of Oxford, lead author of a paper published in the Journal of Human Evolution.
_“When we re-dated objects, the results tended to be a lot older than we previously thought, and this is because we removed contaminants more successfully.”_
_“So we applied the same methods to sites with evidence for the earliest modern humans, sites where the ages you measure are critically important. We found that the dates are much more consistent - the new dating work has made sense of the sites.”_
Most scholars think that the transition from a Neanderthal-dominated Europe to one populated by modern humans happened 35,000 to 45,000 years ago. Scientists call this the Aurignacian period, when modern humans become widespread all over Europe.
Archaeologists have found evidence for more developed artistic expression around this time, rather than just decorative patterns. What scientists don’t know is how this spread of people and ideas happened. The findings in Germany help provide an answer.
While modern humans were developing art, music and mythology in the Swabia, parts of central and Western Europe were still populated by Neanderthals.
The researchers think that the early humans moved into the Swabian Jura along the Danube corridor, before moving into Italy and France later, which explains why the Swabian artifacts are a little bit older than those from other areas.
_“The Danube corridor idea was first proposed around ten years ago. It suggests that people moved along this river corridor at an early date. It’s a good idea because people need to be near sources of water,’_ Higham says.
_‘There are several early sites along the Danube River which support this idea.”_
But that's not all:
The artifacts found in the German sites include the oldest representation of the human body that has ever been discovered:
"THE VENUS FROM HOHLE FELS"
Professor Nicholas Conard from the University of Tubingen, who was also involved in the new analysis, found the Venus of Hohle Fels in 2008. It was sculpted out of a wooly mammoth tusk.
Also found in the mountain caves were fragments of the oldest bone flutes yet unearthed. One of them, made from a swan bone, has actually been played - means: The first musical instrument ever documented is so well-preserved that it is still playable today - it works; amazingly well.
We can therefore assume that the evolution towards a usable instrument took a few more years, meaning that people began to become artistically and culturally active much earlier.
* * *
The discovery of a sword in a grave, which is dated to be over 3000 years old, is indeed an extraordinary discovery - but the value of the discovery of one of the first musical instruments, which is over ten times older, can hardly be put into words. 🎶🎼🎶
Sincere regards,
Alpha🦉
About the CC guard Josef S.: He was then in 2022 sentenced to 5 years at trial, but appealed. This had not been decided, so the judgment was not final. He died in 2023 at the age of 102.
He actually said he didn't worked there.
As for native animals, goe look for the Wollpertinger
Technologically speaking, self driving can be realised since years. At this point the issue is the reliablity of electronics. And the licencing in the respective counties. Many Tesla modules can drive autonomously but don't have the licencenes for it.
Haha, I also removed a hedgehog from a street while ago. 😂
Yes, hedgehogs are native to Germany. In fact there are a lot of them. If you have an open garden, you probably see them regulary.
In school we get taught that you should leave a pile of leaves in your garden in autumn, so hedgehogs can sleep in them over the winter.
"It's not a war crime when you get rid of the witnesses." - Obama
5:55 Is there something wrong if you just followed your country's orders? Yes, there is. If your country's orders are a human rights violation and/or a war crime then there is everything wrong.
If you follow orders without thinking about them we call this "Kadavergehorsam" (literally cadaver obedience). That's what armies are built on, it gets drilled into soldiers. On one hand, this is good as it saves time, routines lead to automatic procedures and fewer mistakes when you're amid the action. But it also leads to crimes - when you interrogate a prisoner and are ordered to use "advanced interrogation methods" aka torture you should always doubt the order.
In Nazi Germany, the majority of people acted with Kadavergehorsam. It was a remnant of (especially Prussian) militarism that prevailed in the Weimar society and the military. People didn't doubt orders, they feared to question orders. With such a worldview and when the authority gradually intensifies the orders people are coerced to follow ever unethical ways. When the chain of command isn't interrupted one individual can bring millions to follow orders that violate human rights and dignity, that constitute war crimes.
The most popular defense in post-WW2 court cases against concentration camp guards, judges, civil administrators, and military personnel was: you guessed it "I was ordered to". But that's not a valid defense in cases of war crimes and human rights violations.
That's why our military has the ideal of a "citizen in uniform". German soldiers are not only permitted but expected to question orders that might result in war crimes and human rights violations and are permitted to disobey such orders.
Think about it and think about your military.
Yes, hedgehogs are native!