Could someone tell me what does light skin and dark skin mean in this context? Especially when it is referred as darker skin. Darker than what? Are we talking about red hair white skin, burns to crisp on the sun, Estonian light. Or are we talking about brown hair light skin, tans when needed Iranian light? Are we talking about Nilotic jet black dark or San milk chocolate dark or Iranian middle eastern dark? Are we talking about darker than night sky darker or darker than milk darker? Are native Americans dark skinned in this context? Or are we talking about "Meh, Europeans probably had somewhat darker skin and hair than today."
For being a half hour recorded phone call with an academic, this was hella interesting. I really appreciate the work you put into this channel. Thanks!
I really like your documentary-style prehistory videos. This is what the History Channel and Discovery Channel used to be. These are very well edited videos.
@@bc4198 Haha obviously aliens, of course and don't forget looking for gold and when they reach bedrock there *COULD* be a fortune in gold sitting on top of it...but alas there never is.
Those old school productions were overblown and overproduced. Stefan's to the point style and personality blow them out of the water. This is why I love RUclips. Hopefully the algorithm doesn't ruin it!
Man I love it when you have experts on to talk about their specific area of study - fascinating to hear the information straight from the folks who are doing the research on it. I hope you continue to make videos like this
Yes I could go on for hours listening to this conversation of yours. Because it contains such interesting information, I keep coming back to it over and over again. Thanks. .
Actually several dozen locations, mostly in Europe. This one is the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. See WIKI page for list of about 60 others: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Max_Planck_Institutes
What a good interview with each person listening to the other. And such a great supplement to your aurignacian video. Thank you. Look forward to the five hours with Dr. Posth.
What a great interview. This is my favorite area of study. Dr. Posth was fantastic and you were asking some great questions. This is why the internet should exist.
So, the earliest modern humans in Europe contributed comparatively little to modern European DNA, but I would have loved to hear some stats on later paleolithic cultures contributions to modern European DNA, and if any of these groups contributed significantly to any non European populations. The paleolithic is such a criminally overlooked period of human history, despite being 95%+ of it.
This is really fascinating. Thank you Stefan for the Video and thank you Dr Posth for the interview. I did not know about the replacement of the hunter gatherer population by another hunter gatherer population later in the Mesolithic.
@@fudgedogbannana Not so, the remains of the mastodon found in Siberia indicate that 12,000 years ago, it was a very pleasant place, with moderate temperatures and lots of grazing opportunities for herds of hundreds of thousands of individuals.
I imagine in to be similar to the tundra in canada is today, just colder when the bearing sea bridge was opened the ice receded eastward and people followed the caribou into what we call north America. The Gwich'en in the arctic have stories that go back generations 10's of thousands of years. Inuit and other Natives have stories of multiple mass migrations to North America. More genome tracing needs to be done but I do remember hearing that theres a variation showing they could survive in extremely cold conditions similar to the way Sherpa in the Himalayan mountains can survive at extremely high altitudes
So pleased I found this chennel, this was a really interesting talk. I wish there was an animation to go along with it really: it gets so confusing trying to picture all the cultures, peoples and their migrations, I can't help think it would be a great learning aid, especially for how the hunter gatherers mixed with one another. Like I said, excellent content. 😜👍
This is very interesting as ever, thanks When the Dr said that they had found the ancestral form of the genes that encode for lighter skin in the ice age genomes, I thought “I wonder though if maybe they had mutations in different genes that gave them pale skin and we have pale skin as well through convergent evolution?”, and then he said the same thing, which made me feel like chuffed
What neither of them said was why they were looking wistfully for evidence of earlier whiteness when there isn't any. The point is that the grain based low vitamin D diet is a pretty good reason for that mutation to survive and expand over territory. Poor but reliable diet and cloudy skies.
@@bmoneybby The essential thing to know about genes and evolution is that survival is what matters. Random mutations are thrown up. Some favour survival and production of progeny who survive, others not. Those that favour survival e.g. ability to digest grain and milk, in a farming culture, will survive through crises much better than those who can't and will pass these mutations on to their children. And those who have light skin will absorb more vitamin D will not get rickets so will not die in childbirth and will experience more live births. I checked maps. There is only very broad correlation between solar radiation and light or dark skin. There is very close correlation between the post 8,000 bc grain farming areas and light skin and close correlation with very light skin and lactose tolerance ( This appeared mainly 5,000 bc onwards). In northern climates clothes are worn and less sun received to make Vit D. Vit D enables healthy childbirth and helps resist infection. This would in my view entirely explain the prevailing patterns of skin colour. No skin colour is in any way superior to any other. They are merely the result of food + climate.
@@casteretpollux Having read your earlier comment, and maybe I'm wrong, but you almost suggest that they have an agenda for looking for earlier whiteness in populations. What you say later makes sense, but I think they are just interested in finding out the truth and if you don't investigate you'll never know. The scientific method isn't too say, here's a hypothesis, that makes sense, that just be true. It may have occurred earlier, we just don't know, we are learning all the time. At present the evidence suggests it was adaptation to the environment, but I think Stefan's questions were excellent and very interesting ones. I'm certain white skin developed as a beneficial gene mutation to living in a more northerly, cooler climates and all the effects that go with this, reduced sunlight, ice, diet possible in areas with this kind of climate. Knowing when it occurred and in which populations in and around the last ice age I find very interesting and is nothing to do with trying to prove something. The scientific method is that you put forward a hypothesis, you collect the data, analyse it, and then form a conclusion. It isn't that you form a hypothesis and then go and find evidence to back it up whilst discarding evidence that doesn't. That is what some pseudo scientists do, but I don't think that's what's going on here.
16:51: "Around 14 000 years ago, there's a very important event called bowling alert" says the subtitles. That's hilarious. The Bølling-Allerød warming is named after a site (actually two) in Denmark in northern Sjælland. The warm period ended with the younger Dryas. Speaking of Denmark: Lola from Lolland (Syltholm) is a 5700 old genome extracted from a piece of chewing gum (chewing pitch , really). The individual who chewed the pitch was a woman with dark skin and hair and blue eyes. (Western european hunter gatherer) Her latest meal before she chewed gum was included hazelnuts and and mallard. She was also likely lactose intolerant. I never get tired of telling people about the island in Denmark that is actually called Lol-land. It's not a joke, that is the name.
I watched the series from Stanford Intro to Human Behavioural Biology, and he said one of the keys to fast evolution rather than the slow genetic clock was having genes (so called junk DNA) that govern series of other genes, kind of trigger mechanisms, where small changes in the governors could produce great changes for the entire series of individual gene expressions, so the presence of one gene wouldn't necessarily be functional without the particular governor.
Dear Stefan , I love your channel. Have you ever considered attempting to interview one of the many “scientists” ppl who believe in some kind of technological antediluvian civilisation? It would be very interesting imho
Cutting edge research done and taught here 100% . To me this is my candy so thank you so so much for bringing this to us. I always knew your jeans wear good he he .♥️🤸♂️
thanks for asking that last question, I didn't know that they had updated the Neanderthal the study, I'm glad to know that we aren't losing them, they live through us
It'd be nice if dr. Cosimo could reach you out to Vanessa Villalba-Mouco to talk about the genetics of the Iberian peninsula, were it seems there was an even mixture of villabruna and magdalenian associated Goyet ancestry.
A second big question, for me, - strontium can be used to see exactly what small area an animals primary food source came from... Did I understand a recent paper right that suggested upper paleo human males mostly retained the same strontium levels life-long, suggesting they stayed where they were born, and females show a transition, suggesting they moved from where they were born...??? It would tell us a lot, and may inform us on how/if we transitioned from a matriarchal society to a Patriarchal society at either the bolling allerod, or the younger dryas.
@@starfox7758 well that’s simply wrong.… I mean, there’s not just one or two, but several of the genetic scientist, If you’re going to believe them, I have talked about it extensively… Where are you coming from, with this contrary statement?…Do you have a source that’s credible?
Seems the main reason why ancient Europeans contributed so little would simply be because the small original population was simply diluted by the many waves of later migrants who bit by bit diluted the original DNA.
This and ice age video are both outstanding. Maybe you should follow up with video on Rh negative basque berbers and Guanches as well as the originations of caucasians and blue eye mutation.
Hang on... Europeans have typically about 2% Neanderthal DNA from circa 40kya as compared with the DNA found in the Denisovan cave. Does this imply that we Europeans have been isolated from African populations, but partly mixed with Asian populations for all this time? It would be great to see maps and animations showing the expansion, movement, blending and demise of specific genetic groups.
Yes, in fact, if I can remember correctly, certain studies seem to indicate that Europeans and east Asians have been separated from sub Saharan African lineages for over 120,000 years
@@alexdunphy3716 No, that is not true. The proto amerindian population was a mix of about one third what became western European and two thirds what became East Asian. That mix occurred about 25-30,000 years ago in Central Siberia. Edit: you mean both separated from sub-saharan African populations... yes that sounds about right.
@@angrytedtalks yes, as in non-sub Saharans separated genetically around that time. I'm aware of the ancient north Eurasian ancestry of Europeans and Amerindians as well
@Pat M That isn't because it is Neanderthal, because over the past 50,000 years mutations without benefit have died out. The "autoimmune" reactions do sometimes come from the tiny surviving Neanderthal DNA. The primary two reasons for slower spread in Africa is lower population density (hence lower transmission rates) and hotter climate (acting as sterilisation). In the UK, the worst hit population are the people with African descent, but that is due to diet and partly vitamin D deficiency. Blood groups are more of an issue, A being the most vulnerable.
@Pat M Yes, I saw that years ago. Nothing to do with Covid. Europeans and Asians have been fighting pandemics in different ways than Africans for thousands of years and hence Europeans have strong antibodies and different social preferences. One of those is population density which effects Covid spread. It has nothing to do with Neanderthals.
Dr. Posth's using the term "dynamic", is an enormous understatement. Read his paper, then check out Max Planck Society's anthropogony section of published papers.
Double release! Check out my vid on life during the aurignacian here: ruclips.net/video/pv0RscAummQ/видео.html
Hey Stefan can we have access to the thumbnails and beautiful paintings.
can we get a Stefan Milo Only Fans with different early hominid poses
I was missing your videos Stefan, great as always!!
Could someone tell me what does light skin and dark skin mean in this context? Especially when it is referred as darker skin. Darker than what? Are we talking about red hair white skin, burns to crisp on the sun, Estonian light. Or are we talking about brown hair light skin, tans when needed Iranian light? Are we talking about Nilotic jet black dark or San milk chocolate dark or Iranian middle eastern dark? Are we talking about darker than night sky darker or darker than milk darker? Are native Americans dark skinned in this context?
Or are we talking about "Meh, Europeans probably had somewhat darker skin and hair than today."
Thanks for spelling Aurignacion. I thought you were saying Auroch Nation, as in the Aurochs, which would be a cool name for an ancient society.
I 100% could and WOULD listen to 5 hours of this fascinating conversation.
For being a half hour recorded phone call with an academic, this was hella interesting. I really appreciate the work you put into this channel. Thanks!
I missed you man, thank you again for posting
Thanks for watching!
Ditto.
Same here.
I've been wondering about the lack of recommendations about you. 😁
I really like your documentary-style prehistory videos. This is what the History Channel and Discovery Channel used to be. These are very well edited videos.
Yes 👍
That change can only mean one thing: aliens.
@@bc4198 Haha obviously aliens, of course and don't forget looking for gold and when they reach bedrock there *COULD* be a fortune in gold sitting on top of it...but alas there never is.
@@bc4198 definitely aliens… either lots of them, or one giant robotic one.
Those old school productions were overblown and overproduced. Stefan's to the point style and personality blow them out of the water. This is why I love RUclips. Hopefully the algorithm doesn't ruin it!
Thanks for your interview with Dr. Cosimo Posth. He was so clear and very enlightening.
This is sooooo valuable. Its advanced genetic anthropologic science journalism. Taking the complex and giving it to us lamens
Totally worth the time. I could listen to him for hours on this topic.
Man I love it when you have experts on to talk about their specific area of study - fascinating to hear the information straight from the folks who are doing the research on it. I hope you continue to make videos like this
Was hoping this would last a good hour or so. Love it cant wait for you to have him back.
Absolutely fascinating conversation! Thank you Dr Cosimo Posth for the detailed and expert knowledge.
I can't wait for more ancient DNA to be found and compared. It's such an exciting time.
Check out Milo's current view on DNA. ruclips.net/user/shorts_sqJvszNdd4?si=GCBkzt1yoC5rI9K0
The fact that you published this video when this is a topic I've been researching in my free time..I'm loving this so much
It's always a pleasure to listen to an expert in a field explain the latest scientific insights; thank you, Stefan. One life enriched!
Yes I could go on for hours listening to this conversation of yours. Because it contains such interesting information, I keep coming back to it over and over again.
Thanks.
.
Whoa, double upload?? You're really coming through for me Thursday.
No doubt! I could stay over 5 hours listening to this guy. Thanks for your extremely interesting Chanel.
I just love saying "Max Planck Institute." It sounds so hard core.
Time stamp?
for me it's the daystrom institute from Star Trek. 🤣🤣🤣
Actually several dozen locations, mostly in Europe. This one is the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. See WIKI page for list of about 60 others: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Max_Planck_Institutes
This was an excellent interview with a knowledgeable guest, very informative and an interesting subject as well. Thanks so much!
What a good interview with each person listening to the other. And such a great supplement to your aurignacian video. Thank you. Look forward to the five hours with Dr. Posth.
It continues to amaze me what is found and how long we've actually been around. Great work, thank you.
Fascinating! And yes, he could definitely listen to you both talk for hours!
What a great interview. This is my favorite area of study. Dr. Posth was fantastic and you were asking some great questions. This is why the internet should exist.
I really could listen to Dr. Posth's accent for like 10 hours.
Haven't watched the video yet, but I just wanted to say that I'm super excited and thank you so so so much for all your great content
Yes, to the good doctor. This viewer appreciates your participation, and the information you shared. Thank you.
Stefan Milo is my spirit animal.
Such a humble, well-spoken man.
He seems to have a deeply objective pov (like a scientist).
This old video has just appeared in my feed. Looking forward to watching later when I can relax.
Yes, I could definitely listen to him for 5 hours.
Wow... Great talk on a fascinating subject. Well done both of you!
Perhaps the best audio recorded video I have heard. Sometimes a bit difficult to understand but so much information covered here. Thanks.
We ducking loved it. Thanks so much for your time Dr. Post.
So, the earliest modern humans in Europe contributed comparatively little to modern European DNA, but I would have loved to hear some stats on later paleolithic cultures contributions to modern European DNA, and if any of these groups contributed significantly to any non European populations.
The paleolithic is such a criminally overlooked period of human history, despite being 95%+ of it.
Wow! Thank You both for such a great discussion.
I'm loving this sudden burst of new content Stefan!
MORE COSIMO!!!! Love it. and Stefan, you're a good interviewer, man. Keep it up
Yeeeeaah, finaly New video!!
I've not long found your channel mate and it's thoroughly enjoyable and extremely interesting. Top work mate!!
This is really fascinating. Thank you Stefan for the Video and thank you Dr Posth for the interview.
I did not know about the replacement of the hunter gatherer population by another hunter gatherer population later in the Mesolithic.
Now this just makes me wonder more?like what was Siberia and East Asia like🤔
Siberia was largely home to a population called ancient north Eurasians, which are ancestors to both Europeans and native Americans
@@alexdunphy3716 and ancient north Siberian’s, as well as paleo Siberian’s
Siberia, icy. East Asia, very cold. We tend to forget that the ice age.
@@fudgedogbannana Not so, the remains of the mastodon found in Siberia indicate that 12,000 years ago, it was a very pleasant place, with moderate temperatures and lots of grazing opportunities for herds of hundreds of thousands of individuals.
I imagine in to be similar to the tundra in canada is today, just colder when the bearing sea bridge was opened the ice receded eastward and people followed the caribou into what we call north America. The Gwich'en in the arctic have stories that go back generations 10's of thousands of years. Inuit and other Natives have stories of multiple mass migrations to North America. More genome tracing needs to be done but I do remember hearing that theres a variation showing they could survive in extremely cold conditions similar to the way Sherpa in the Himalayan mountains can survive at extremely high altitudes
A really Great interview please talk more .
And what he has revealed allows us to shine a light into those hidden Ages.
A very interesting conversation, thank you.
Extremely interesting interview, thx for sharing Stefan.
excellent conversation, lots of great detail.
Thanks for the interview. One Suggestion: Please consider using a few basic visual aids (maps, charts, graphs)) to assist the listener.
this👆🏻👆🏻
A colour coded timeline was what I was longing for.
@Pojka Go right ahead if you've got time.
So pleased I found this chennel, this was a really interesting talk. I wish there was an animation to go along with it really: it gets so confusing trying to picture all the cultures, peoples and their migrations, I can't help think it would be a great learning aid, especially for how the hunter gatherers mixed with one another. Like I said, excellent content. 😜👍
€€$$££₽₽¥¥
@@MP-hh3lo qq
@@bobcrotty8726
Bob the boomer here trying to put down a perfectly normal idea, by using gamer speak from 10 years ago. Lol - gotta love it.
Your best video yet! Loved it.
I really enjoyed that interview.
Yes, absolutely loved it! Thank you!
Great stuff. Thanks again, Stefan!
Two videos? You really made my day
Just wanted to say thanks for getting Me into our worlds history.
Such a pleasure Stefan and Dr Posth
Fascinating interview, thank you very much!
I could hear his nervousness the whole way through, and you were absolutely right in the end... I could listen to this guy speak for 10+ hours easily!
Both of them lol.
This is very interesting as ever, thanks
When the Dr said that they had found the ancestral form of the genes that encode for lighter skin in the ice age genomes, I thought “I wonder though if maybe they had mutations in different genes that gave them pale skin and we have pale skin as well through convergent evolution?”, and then he said the same thing, which made me feel like chuffed
Europeans and East Asians both have light skin due to convergent evolution. Different mutations arose in both populations.
What neither of them said was why they were looking wistfully for evidence of earlier whiteness when there isn't any. The point is that the grain based low vitamin D diet is a pretty good reason for that mutation to survive and expand over territory. Poor but reliable diet and cloudy skies.
@@casteretpollux I've seen your comments like this before. You should learn more about genetics first, then comment more.
@@bmoneybby The essential thing to know about genes and evolution is that survival is what matters. Random mutations are thrown up. Some favour survival and production of progeny who survive, others not. Those that favour survival e.g. ability to digest grain and milk, in a farming culture, will survive through crises much better than those who can't and will pass these mutations on to their children. And those who have light skin will absorb more vitamin D will not get rickets so will not die in childbirth and will experience more live births. I checked maps. There is only very broad correlation between solar radiation and light or dark skin. There is very close correlation between the post 8,000 bc grain farming areas and light skin and close correlation with very light skin and lactose tolerance ( This appeared mainly 5,000 bc onwards). In northern climates clothes are worn and less sun received to make Vit D. Vit D enables healthy childbirth and helps resist infection. This would in my view entirely explain the prevailing patterns of skin colour. No skin colour is in any way superior to any other. They are merely the result of food + climate.
@@casteretpollux Having read your earlier comment, and maybe I'm wrong, but you almost suggest that they have an agenda for looking for earlier whiteness in populations. What you say later makes sense, but I think they are just interested in finding out the truth and if you don't investigate you'll never know. The scientific method isn't too say, here's a hypothesis, that makes sense, that just be true. It may have occurred earlier, we just don't know, we are learning all the time.
At present the evidence suggests it was adaptation to the environment, but I think Stefan's questions were excellent and very interesting ones. I'm certain white skin developed as a beneficial gene mutation to living in a more northerly, cooler climates and all the effects that go with this, reduced sunlight, ice, diet possible in areas with this kind of climate. Knowing when it occurred and in which populations in and around the last ice age I find very interesting and is nothing to do with trying to prove something. The scientific method is that you put forward a hypothesis, you collect the data, analyse it, and then form a conclusion. It isn't that you form a hypothesis and then go and find evidence to back it up whilst discarding evidence that doesn't. That is what some pseudo scientists do, but I don't think that's what's going on here.
missed you. hope baby and mum are doing well. on with the show.
16:51: "Around 14 000 years ago, there's a very important event called bowling alert" says the subtitles. That's hilarious.
The Bølling-Allerød warming is named after a site (actually two) in Denmark in northern Sjælland. The warm period ended with the younger Dryas.
Speaking of Denmark: Lola from Lolland (Syltholm) is a 5700 old genome extracted from a piece of chewing gum (chewing pitch , really). The individual who chewed the pitch was a woman with dark skin and hair and blue eyes. (Western european hunter gatherer) Her latest meal before she chewed gum was included hazelnuts and and mallard. She was also likely lactose intolerant.
I never get tired of telling people about the island in Denmark that is actually called Lol-land. It's not a joke, that is the name.
Also in the subtitles: 'origination' should be 'Aurignacian'
😎 Thanks Stefan Cosimo ⚓️
just when i had lost my tolerance to the drug that is this channel, you give me a double hit
Yea I wanted to hear more. Another great interview.
A perfect start of the weekend. Thanks, mate.
Great interview!
I watched the series from Stanford Intro to Human Behavioural Biology, and he said one of the keys to fast evolution rather than the slow genetic clock was having genes (so called junk DNA) that govern series of other genes, kind of trigger mechanisms, where small changes in the governors could produce great changes for the entire series of individual gene expressions, so the presence of one gene wouldn't necessarily be functional without the particular governor.
Look into the work of Warwick Collins. He died some years ago, and his research is now being vindicated.
So junk DNA isn't junk after all
@@mrblackmamba117 No and no. It is not.
Thankyou for this focus on other side of the study of our multiple groups of ancestors in pre history.
Great conversation, love these discussions you’re having, longer form works well for this kind of this IMO.
Two great new videos Stefan.
Dear Stefan , I love your channel. Have you ever considered attempting to interview one of the many “scientists” ppl who believe in some kind of technological antediluvian civilisation? It would be very interesting imho
Thank you for this! Much love for the great content. Keep it up!
Cutting edge research done and taught here 100% . To me this is my candy so thank you so so much for bringing this to us. I always knew your jeans wear good he he .♥️🤸♂️
Yes! Absolutely loved the talk.
Great interview. Thanks!
Converstaion/conversation, outstanding, thanks
Thank you !!
It was extremely interesting. Please, do more interviews with Dr Posth. :)
Great stuff!! Grande Cosimo! Thanks for sharing
thanks for asking that last question, I didn't know that they had updated the Neanderthal the study, I'm glad to know that we aren't losing them, they live through us
So awesome and informative!
Fascinating topic. Missed your videos, hope you're doing well!
I'm so proud of you dude you went from unknown to a house hold name with your passion
I live near Lydenburg in Mpumalanga South Africa. There are hand axes in the area from 500 000 years ago.
😲
there is no way to verify if those axes were made by ancestors of any of the people who have been there for the last 1000 years.
@@macrosense U hate axes, don't u ?
We love it!
This great video definitely helps with my research on this topic.
Excellent conversation, very interesting.
Both videos were really fascinating!
You're back! Hoorah!
It'd be nice if dr. Cosimo could reach you out to Vanessa Villalba-Mouco to talk about the genetics of the Iberian peninsula, were it seems there was an even mixture of villabruna and magdalenian associated Goyet ancestry.
The coolest intro music, Stefan! 🎵🎶😎
fantastic interview for us lay-people :) Many thanks!
I would love to know what Dr. Cosimo has to say about the 70K/year bottleneck... almost certainly related to the Toba eruption.
A second big question, for me, - strontium can be used to see exactly what small area an animals primary food source came from... Did I understand a recent paper right that suggested upper paleo human males mostly retained the same strontium levels life-long, suggesting they stayed where they were born, and females show a transition, suggesting they moved from where they were born...??? It would tell us a lot, and may inform us on how/if we transitioned from a matriarchal society to a Patriarchal society at either the bolling allerod, or the younger dryas.
That 70k bottleneck is pure fiction. It has no basis in science
@@starfox7758 well that’s simply wrong.… I mean, there’s not just one or two, but several of the genetic scientist, If you’re going to believe them, I have talked about it extensively… Where are you coming from, with this contrary statement?…Do you have a source that’s credible?
@@Naturalook It's based on recent OoA, which is patently wrong. These geneticists are clowns.
As far as we know, the Aurignacian weren't even around at 70K YA.
Thank you for this!
Seems the main reason why ancient Europeans contributed so little would simply be because the small original population was simply diluted by the many waves of later migrants who bit by bit diluted the original DNA.
very interesting, really enjoying your channel
Congrats on 69k subs! (So glad to see new videos from you)
This and ice age video are both outstanding. Maybe you should follow up with video on Rh negative basque berbers and Guanches as well as the originations of caucasians and blue eye mutation.
I've been meaning to make a video on the guanches, it's on my mind. Maybe next year.
Awesome stuff, Gentlemen. Thank you.
Shoutout from near Tübingen! 💪😼👍
Stay healthy! 😷
Hang on... Europeans have typically about 2% Neanderthal DNA from circa 40kya as compared with the DNA found in the Denisovan cave. Does this imply that we Europeans have been isolated from African populations, but partly mixed with Asian populations for all this time?
It would be great to see maps and animations showing the expansion, movement, blending and demise of specific genetic groups.
Yes, in fact, if I can remember correctly, certain studies seem to indicate that Europeans and east Asians have been separated from sub Saharan African lineages for over 120,000 years
@@alexdunphy3716 No, that is not true. The proto amerindian population was a mix of about one third what became western European and two thirds what became East Asian. That mix occurred about 25-30,000 years ago in Central Siberia.
Edit: you mean both separated from sub-saharan African populations... yes that sounds about right.
@@angrytedtalks yes, as in non-sub Saharans separated genetically around that time. I'm aware of the ancient north Eurasian ancestry of Europeans and Amerindians as well
@Pat M That isn't because it is Neanderthal, because over the past 50,000 years mutations without benefit have died out. The "autoimmune" reactions do sometimes come from the tiny surviving Neanderthal DNA.
The primary two reasons for slower spread in Africa is lower population density (hence lower transmission rates) and hotter climate (acting as sterilisation).
In the UK, the worst hit population are the people with African descent, but that is due to diet and partly vitamin D deficiency.
Blood groups are more of an issue, A being the most vulnerable.
@Pat M Yes, I saw that years ago. Nothing to do with Covid. Europeans and Asians have been fighting pandemics in different ways than Africans for thousands of years and hence Europeans have strong antibodies and different social preferences. One of those is population density which effects Covid spread. It has nothing to do with Neanderthals.
Dr. Posth's using the term "dynamic", is an enormous understatement. Read his paper, then check out Max Planck Society's anthropogony section of published papers.
nice work thank you. looking forward to more knowledge of Neanderthals from genetics. so much mixed info out there on the net about neanderthals.