9.3.4.47 = class A 203.42. 62.1 = class C 103.88.77.22 = class A 151.10.13.55 = class B 222.2127.16.4 = Class C Just look at the first octet number when the range of every class A = 0-127 B = 128 - 191 C = 192-223 D = 224-239 E = 240-255
The more I watch this series the more it baffles me how on earth I scored 84 on my 4th year university networking course yet still have so many details falsely understood, and how fortunate and grateful I'm finding these well explained videos. Thank you
I can't get over how good your videos are. You really made me believe in myself because finally I understand these topics which I've been struggling with. Thank you so much!
are you serious, I'm starting to intern at Microsoft right for networking and all I can say is THANK YOU FOR SAVING ME HAHA. These videos are EXCELLENT for review.
13:54 because 30 means we have only 2 bits so 172.16.2.1 is okay because 1 = 0000 00[01] but 172.16.2.20 is not okay because 0001 01[00] we need more bits not 2 but at least 5 so subnet should be 27. Am I right?
Just pointing out a few things i noticed 1) on 6:42, class C is typed as class B 2) on 8:23, 172.16 vs 172.17 the first 16 bits for these 2 should be 172.16 = 1010 1100 0001 0000 172.17 = 1010 1100 0001 0001 instead of 1010 1101 as shown in the video for 172.17. 3) on 12:21, the subnet is on the 2nd number (i.e. for 172.16.0.1, the number 16 is highlighted). Since the first number is 172, I would assume this is a Class B network, therefore shouldnt the subnet number be the 3rd number (i.e. for 172.16.0.1 the subnet should be 0)? I am just starting out, so not sure if I am correct. Also thank you for such wonderful and well made videos!!!!!
Hi Produdeyay, you are absolutely right! I really appreciate that you are putting the effort into this. I wish I could say that this was deliberate to see who is paying attention but unfortunately typos happen.😀 Have a great day!
@@NetworkDirection hey i would just like to add that the BIGGEST MISTAKE was 6:03 As the example is being given of a class C type address which is wrong . 130.2.3.4 is not a class C address ,it is a CLASS B type address.
Yep! That's right! Also at 6:28 the limit for the class C should be 223.255.255.255 (not 223.255.255.0, since the last 8 bit can also go up 'til 255 --> 1111 1111)
8:35 9.4.3.47 is a class A and would have last 3 part as the host address 203.42.62.1 is a class C and would have last 1 part as the host address 103.88.77.22 is a class A and would have last 3 part as the host address 151.10.13.55 is a class B and would have last 2 part as the host address and 222.127.16.4 is a class C and would have last 1 part as the host address
@@iyedbouazdia3594 Let's take take 203.42.62.1 as an example. You take first octet so 203, translate it to binary so that's 11001011 (if you don't know how Google "Repeated Division-by-2 Method") and then check if it starts with: 0 - then it's class A 10 - then it's class B 110 - then it's class C 1110 - then it's class D 1111 - then it's class E Here it starts with 110 - so it's class C.
I've watched 25 minutes out of 1hr 10 minutes of my lecturers video, where he explains sub netting and you did it in 15 minutes. Your video uses a lot of logic, as in 255.0.0.0 obviously shows it's a class A 255.255.0.0 shows it's B... it's the power of presentation that shows me this. And it's the power of presentation that allows me to learn the same thing much faster. Thank you
Hi there question regarding Classful addressing at 5 min 08 seconds. We were taught in my course that it's the hosts that get a -2 ie 16,777,216 hosts minus 2 is 16,777,214. Allowing for Network address and Broadcast address respectively. So same applies for B and C dropping 2 from the total hosts calculated.
You have by far the best networking explanation videos out there. I have watched alot of them and also tried to read the books. But none of those pervious explanations are as clears as yours. Thank you kindly
11:20 now im confused at this part, why exactly did the third octet turned from 0 to 255 and why 256 instead of 255??? I need a much simpler and detailed explaination please, thanks.
Because of the subnet mask. This controls which part of the IP address is the 'network' part. We're only showing the network part on the screen. an 8-bit number has 256 values. But, counting from zero, that's 0 to 255
Hi, I notice that in the example of CLASS C 6:00 you wrote 130.2.3.4 as an example but the range of Class C supossed to be at 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 I know that it's just an example to show which part of the network address and host address but am I missing something here?
Good question. The purpose of a router is to 'route' or 'forward' network traffic between different networks. To make this work, a router needs to know where this network is If we split a single network (a subnet) into two parts and separate it by a router, the router won't know which one is valid. It won't know which packets to send to one part, and which to send to the other. For completeness I'll mention that there is a small exception to this, which is using a technology called 'proxy ARP', however, it's complicated and beyond the level of this video Hope this helps!
Wonderful vid, finally sat down in earnest to begin studying this morning. I can muddle through binary, IP conversion, and subnetting at least a BIT now. :)
@Network Direction YOur video at the timeframe of 6:43/15:30 has an error. it says class be twice when you mentioned class c. I suggest a video edit to correct this so others don't get confused especially if they're planning to take their test.Thanks
4094 because the first (all 0s) represents the network address while the last (all 1s) represents the broadcast address. This leaves us with 254 host IDs.
Hi, thank you for making this video. I am a little confused on 2 points; at 3:23 it states the network has 256 networks, but at 4:54 the same example, it says 128 networks. Am i missing something?
Hey, This is because of the reserved networks I think. The class A IP address scheme thingy is set up in such a way that it forces the first bit in the first octet to be a 0. This effectively rules out 128 networks, because that specific bit holds a value of 128. It does make me wonder why those are locked and what they are being used for then, because surely they won't be wasted?Anyway, Im not too good at this, so excuse the poor wording.. just trying to help
There was 256 networks on the old system at 3:23 , so to allow people to have more than just the 256 networks they changed it so there were classes that allowed more networks on the same 4 sets of bits (bytes). So if you think that Class A - E have to share the whole pizza (all the available numbers), Class A (which is limited from 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0) gets half the pizza (which is at 4:54). But to make sure a host knows it's Class A the first bit is set to 0 (like a Post Code) . If you take the first byte 0.0.0.0 and turn it into binary -> 0000 0000 and the first 0 is always the same (so its class A) then the highest value it can have is 0111 1111 which is 127 in base 10 (normal numbers). This means that there can only be 128 networks in Class A
99% of these videos are amazing and tons of info, 1% bad is maybe giving the answer after the question instead of going to a website every. Just my opinion, one can argue your method is better for learning which i see that point too. Amazing nonetheless
I guess there is a problem at 6.14. 130.2.3.4 ip adress given to us has been converting incorretly. Converting 130 from decimal to binary should have been 1000 0010 instead of 1100 0001
can someone explain how many hosts are actually left and how to work it out, honestly beautiful videos but i get confused at some bits like 6:20 when he says 256 hots left but he has written 255. Which one is it and how would i work it out? how would i know if lets say 255 is reserved and 0 is reserved, or is it the case that they are always reserved
Would anybody be able to help answer the question at 13:47, please? I don't understand what belongs here and why there are two addresses on either side of the routers. What does that mean? Why can't router A direct the message to router B? TIA.
I understand that it probably has to do with 172.16.2.20 does not belong in the networks that 172.16.2.0/30 supports, but it is not clear to me why there are two hosts on either side of the router and what they mean.
13:54: Because Bits 24-29 are interpreted in a different way by the 3 networks? The little one in the middle interprets them as part of network address, where as it's an internal one?
@Uwe Guevara I think that the mask /30 is 255.255.255.252, which leaves only 4 hosts available, so the range is .0 - .3. So 172.16.2.20 is out of range? This is my guess
Okay, this is helping me. Thank you. How can I ask questions or comment on an answer to one of your quizzes? I just became a Patron to look at the answer to a quiz question [the one at 13:31 (Quiz 4: Why is the Device in Network A Unable to Reach Network B?)]. My comment on this question: It seems the network diagram could be a bit clearer to show the left router "belongs" to the left IP network and the right router "belongs" to right IP network, yes? Or no? Do routers "belong" to IP networks? It's not clear from the diagram which IP network they belong. Why don't both routers belong to the middle (30 bit subnet) IP network? I would sincerely appreciate an explanation, because I've been around networking for awhile without understanding how it works in detail.
It means these are two separate networks. Devices in different networks can't communicate with each other directly. Instead, they can send their traffic to the router, which forwards the traffic on their behalf.
Thanks! You can get some IPSec here:ruclips.net/video/4IRefeZ3vyY/видео.html I'd like to do something on MPLS in the future. I'll need a lot of research before then :)
Maybe it's another typo, or maybe I don't get it yet, but how @6:27 the example IP for the Class C address is 130.2.3 when it's said that it starts only from 192?
At 8:39 ans are Class A, Class C, Class B, Class B, Class C At 12:46 ans are 240 subnets and 272 hosts within each subnet At 13:51 ans is there should be a router between 172.16.2.1 and 172.16.2.20 Are these correct? 😃
Thanks for the suggestion. However, I'm focusing on networking for now (both in my career and on this channel), so I don't think there will be any server videos in the near future. I really do appreciate the suggestions though
6:10 why is first octet 130 but it stands for 1100 0001? I mean the first bytes in binary represents 128 + 64 = 192? That's much bigger number then 130
hello, I have tried calculating the 16,777,215 figure at 3:33 but to no avail. how did you arrive at this figure? Thank you. Enjoying your videos so far!
Here's how I did it: 1. Open windows calculator, and switch to programmer mode 2. Click the binary button 3. Click on the bits 0 - 23 to turn them on 4. Look at the decimal number (it should be 16 777 215)
Can someone please tell the answer to the last quiz?? Is it because the last 2 bits of the 2nd router are both 0 and only they constitute the host address..?
Can anyone give an example of two devices in the same subnet but not in the same IP network? [Concerning 12:08 in the video.] For classless networks doesn't "same subnet" imply "same IP network" ? At first glance yes, but then these subnets can be reused somehow, yes? If so then it's this reuse of subnets that expands IPV4 addressing greatly .AND. allows for devices on the same subnet to be part of a different IP network, yes? No? And to respond to your question at the end: I agree that classless networking + superneting is the future (and has been) for awhile!
4 года назад
Hi one question. What do you mean with the "fixed bits"? I mean like in 06:16. "130" is not represented by 1100 0001. Rather it would be 1000 0010. I dont get the point. Besides this great work. Thank you.
In the original 'classful' type of IP addressing, the first few bits represented the class. At 6:16, the first three bits are '110', meaning that this IP must be class C. However, don't focus on this too hard. Focus more on how Classless IP addresses work
What if we have the IP 224.150.10.0? The first octet would be 11100000 which cannot be categorized as class A, B or C IP. What about all the IP's of which the first bits of the first octet are not 0 or 10 or 110? Also my second concern is why would we use the concept of a subnet mask? I mean we are using two IPs. One is the IP that describes the network Id and the host ID and the other IP is used for the subnet mask. Why can't we use the IP of the subnet mask as the Network ID and the other IP for the host?
@@NetworkDirection interesting. It seems like that's what I was looking for. Thanks! However I'm still not sure how to get that mask if the bits are 11111111 11111111 00101000 00000000 to get 255 255 40 0 if they only go left to right or right to left
Thank you for this, I really do like these but you don't explain Subnetting and how you get the values that well. I have to go back and watch this again to see if it'll click. But overall a great video, thanks
Yes, I don't understand this either. I just subscribed and am even more confused regarding Quiz 3a and the .240. It seemed like the concept was about 255 and 0 but then 240 gets thrown in there and I don't see how that equates to 20 bits.
Conversions to binary and how many bits that yields to the network in a Subnet mask (I think): 128 = 10000000 (1 bit for the network) 192 = 11000000 (2 bits for the network) 224 = 11100000 (3 bits for the network) 240 = 11110000 (4 bits for the network) 248 = 11111000 (5 bits for the network) 252 = 11111100 (6 bits for the network) 254 = 11111110 (7 bits for the network) 255 = 11111111 (8 bits for the network)
About the A and B device not being able to communicate is it because the IP address 172.16.2.20 is out of the bounds of the domain i guess bcs /30 leaves out 2 bits to control and their range is from 0 to 3 and thats it.
totally cool, but please what do you mean when you say the largest a bit value is 256, i dont get that part, i thought the largest a bit value you can get is 255
Because the MAC is used to transport information between locally connected devices (eg, two computers on a network switch) IP is used to transport information between devices, even if they're on different networks.
I love A+ hardware and im trying to get into networking, but the ip addresses has always been my hindrance. When it comes to the math I guess I get overwhelmed easily. Oh well, I shall keep trying. Thank you for the informative vids. Gonna have to re watch this one 3 times though lol, no fault to you though.
Thanks for these videos, loving them. They are very clear and the visuals make it much easier to understand. I'm hoping watching these and reading my text will help me get ready for my mid term next week. Do you have any content on understanding subnetting and subnet masks? That is the area I am most confused about so far
Like, you have explained the concept here... but in my class in expected to be able to answer a bunch of questions about subnetting and I still don’t really understand it very well. Oh well, just gotta keep digging in. Thanks again for your videos
what should I learn before this? I do not understand how you come up with these numbers. Your videos are great but I feel like there is something else I should know before watching this video.
In the ranges of the classes, why do the not finish at an address with the form: x.255.255.255? For example, in the class B, the given range is 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0 Why?
In the subnetmask You're talking about 1 for the network and 0 for the hosts. Wouldn't it be more correct to say 1 for the Subnets and 0 for the devices. Example: For a very little SOHO wouldn't it be correct to put the subnetmask 255.255.255.240 ? E.g. with 4 workstations, a switch, a router and a printer? Thanks and regards.
Do correct me as i am not understanding why on 6:16 (Binary value of 130.2.3 is 1100 0001 0000 0010 0000 0010) as per my understanding it should be 1000 0010 0000 0010 0000 0011) - please do help me on this
The class C IP addresses start from 192.xxx.xxx.xxx(since 110 is a constant here) . And the binary value mentioned here converts to 193.2.2.xxx(which exists within the C class range). So, maybe it was a typo🤔
That was really old thinking, back when they thought the internet would only be used by governments, universities, and massive companies. The fixed bits (classful) addressing is no longer used in practice, although sometimes people do refer to 'class-A' addresses and so on.
Can anyone help me, how 16 million(4:56) Hosts came out of??? And @(5:43) how 14 bits equals to 16384 Possible hosts , how each network have 65000 hosts ?? 🤔😵
Try watching back 0:45. As each number separated by dots represents 8 bits each, then at 4:56, 24 bits (2.3.4) are allocated for hosts. So by using the formula as given at 7:14, you will see that 2^24 is around 16.777 million. The same goes for 5.43. 2^14 = 16,384. 129.2 is 16 bits. However, you need to subtract two bits (16-2=14 bits) as for class b, the first 2 bits are always 10. The same thing, use formula 2^16 = 65,536 hosts for each network (3.4 is 16 bits)
You lose me at 11:43 and I’ve watched it several times over several days- networks being 172.16.X.Y - subnets being 255.255.255.Z wherein XYZ are any number between 1-255 or 255x255x255 = 16 million?
9.3.4.47 = class A
203.42. 62.1 = class C
103.88.77.22 = class A
151.10.13.55 = class B
222.2127.16.4 = Class C
Just look at the first octet number when the range of every class
A = 0-127
B = 128 - 191
C = 192-223
D = 224-239
E = 240-255
thanks man
Thank you so much
Thanks for the Huge Help Man !!!
Thanks
Thank you very much
The more I watch this series the more it baffles me how on earth I scored 84 on my 4th year university networking course yet still have so many details falsely understood, and how fortunate and grateful I'm finding these well explained videos. Thank you
because college is just test prep memorization lol, you dont actually need to understand to pass.
bro deadass subnet masks have been the bane of my existence and then suddenly you come along and get me understanding in 15 minutes??
I like to hear this 😀
Showing the answers to the quiz immediately after will aid more understanding.
I can't get over how good your videos are. You really made me believe in myself because finally I understand these topics which I've been struggling with. Thank you so much!
Thank you, I really appreciate the feedback.
Hopefully their getting even better!
Amber, would be interested to know what qualification are you studying for and what your career aspirations are?
What is your job now?
The best CCNA Series on RUclips! So clear and concise. Your video series has provided great explanations of Network Security. It is much appreciated.
Wow, thanks!
@@NetworkDirection You're more than welcome.
After hours of reading and watching videos, never thought it would be so simplified
are you serious, I'm starting to intern at Microsoft right for networking and all I can say is THANK YOU FOR SAVING ME HAHA. These videos are EXCELLENT for review.
13:54 because 30 means we have only 2 bits so 172.16.2.1 is okay because 1 = 0000 00[01] but 172.16.2.20 is not okay because 0001 01[00] we need more bits not 2 but at least 5 so subnet should be 27. Am I right?
this is the answer i came up with. sounds right to me!
Nah fam thats the wrong answer
@@jepoy1639 Why is this wrong?
@@viktor133100 fk idk, i can't remember
Just pointing out a few things i noticed
1) on 6:42, class C is typed as class B
2) on 8:23, 172.16 vs 172.17 the first 16 bits for these 2 should be
172.16 = 1010 1100 0001 0000
172.17 = 1010 1100 0001 0001
instead of 1010 1101 as shown in the video for 172.17.
3) on 12:21, the subnet is on the 2nd number (i.e. for 172.16.0.1, the number 16 is highlighted). Since the first number is 172, I would assume this is a Class B network, therefore shouldnt the subnet number be the 3rd number (i.e. for 172.16.0.1 the subnet should be 0)?
I am just starting out, so not sure if I am correct. Also thank you for such wonderful and well made videos!!!!!
Hi Produdeyay, you are absolutely right! I really appreciate that you are putting the effort into this. I wish I could say that this was deliberate to see who is paying attention but unfortunately typos happen.😀
Have a great day!
@@NetworkDirection hey i would just like to add that the BIGGEST MISTAKE was 6:03 As the example is being given of a class C type address which is wrong . 130.2.3.4 is not a class C address ,it is a CLASS B type address.
produdeyay s S sssf seas tsfastsFF
@@thebrokenchords8329 you're god damn right it is. I've noticed that too. I'm glad I'm not the only one :)
Yep! That's right! Also at 6:28 the limit for the class C should be 223.255.255.255 (not 223.255.255.0, since the last 8 bit can also go up 'til 255 --> 1111 1111)
8:35
9.4.3.47 is a class A and would have last 3 part as the host address
203.42.62.1 is a class C and would have last 1 part as the host address
103.88.77.22 is a class A and would have last 3 part as the host address
151.10.13.55 is a class B and would have last 2 part as the host address
and
222.127.16.4 is a class C and would have last 1 part as the host address
FANTASTIC video, although the last part still a bit difficult to make out. Gonna watch the next video and see what happens lol
Thanks. The next video will help explain more
This guy should be protected at all costs great work. Can you do a DWDM video series?
please explain also this areas like DWDM-SD-WAN technology......, how and why are they important and what is the reason for using them
7:27 answers are:
9.4.3.47 - A
203.42.62.1 - C
103.88.77.22 - A
151.10.13.55 - B
222.127.16.4 - C
hey, can you please tell me why you chose those answers because I can't quite wrap my head around them :(
@@iyedbouazdia3594 Let's take take 203.42.62.1 as an example. You take first octet so 203, translate it to binary so that's 11001011 (if you don't know how Google "Repeated Division-by-2 Method") and then check if it starts with:
0 - then it's class A
10 - then it's class B
110 - then it's class C
1110 - then it's class D
1111 - then it's class E
Here it starts with 110 - so it's class C.
thank you so much
@@stormwaker thanks, I really get it now.
Thanks for this, now I can practice with an example to work from! Cheers!
I've watched 25 minutes out of 1hr 10 minutes of my lecturers video, where he explains sub netting and you did it in 15 minutes. Your video uses a lot of logic, as in 255.0.0.0 obviously shows it's a class A
255.255.0.0 shows it's B... it's the power of presentation that shows me this. And it's the power of presentation that allows me to learn the same thing much faster. Thank you
If you want a quick overview of CIDR and want to skip the classless routing, skip to 8:47
You are just awesome.....
Keep up your good work
You have made the explanation very simple and easy to understand....
Thanks a lot dude
You're very welcome!
More coming. TCP and UDP are next!
This is wonderful content, i really love how you mentioned equations to make it simpler to comprehend
Hi there question regarding Classful addressing at 5 min 08 seconds. We were taught in my course that it's the hosts that get a -2 ie 16,777,216 hosts minus 2 is 16,777,214. Allowing for Network address and Broadcast address respectively. So same applies for B and C dropping 2 from the total hosts calculated.
You have by far the best networking explanation videos out there. I have watched alot of them and also tried to read the books. But none of those pervious explanations are as clears as yours. Thank you kindly
This is feedback I love to hear! Thanks!
i would say books are clearer though
Thank you so much bro. You taught me things I never go to learn in college. God bless you and wish you a great luck for your future endeavours
finally a tutorial i was searching for, THANK YOU!
Good to hear!
11:20 now im confused at this part, why exactly did the third octet turned from 0 to 255 and why 256 instead of 255??? I need a much simpler and detailed explaination please, thanks.
Because of the subnet mask. This controls which part of the IP address is the 'network' part. We're only showing the network part on the screen.
an 8-bit number has 256 values. But, counting from zero, that's 0 to 255
Wawo ! Never thought these concepts would be this much easy. You are doing excellent, I appreciate.
And I appreciate your comment, thanks!
Hi,
I notice that in the example of CLASS C 6:00 you wrote 130.2.3.4 as an example but the range of Class C supossed to be at 192.0.0.0 - 223.255.255.0 I know that it's just an example to show which part of the network address and host address but am I missing something here?
You are right, he pointed it out in the comments saying it was a typo
12:20 Why same subnet separated by router will not communicate? What is the violation made? pls. clarify
Good question. The purpose of a router is to 'route' or 'forward' network traffic between different networks.
To make this work, a router needs to know where this network is
If we split a single network (a subnet) into two parts and separate it by a router, the router won't know which one is valid. It won't know which packets to send to one part, and which to send to the other.
For completeness I'll mention that there is a small exception to this, which is using a technology called 'proxy ARP', however, it's complicated and beyond the level of this video
Hope this helps!
You've made my future and that of my family much better, thank you
Wonderful vid, finally sat down in earnest to begin studying this morning. I can muddle through binary, IP conversion, and subnetting at least a BIT now. :)
Glad it's helping!
at 11:50, how do you know that is a class b network split into 256 smaller ones and not just a normal class C network?
Hi, Any chance you worked out the answer to this?
because the actual network is 172.16.0.0 which is a class B
255.255.255.0 is just the subnet mask, not the actual IP-address, I believe...
@Network Direction YOur video at the timeframe of 6:43/15:30 has an error. it says class be twice when you mentioned class c. I suggest a video edit to correct this so others don't get confused especially if they're planning to take their test.Thanks
The problem at 13:40??? Is it the you cant have .20 at the end of an IP the is /30 because the max you can achieve with binary is .3?
I still don’t understand where you got the 256 from? 11:54
On 12:55
1. How many subnets do we have ? my answer : 16
2. How many host IP's per subnet ? my answer 4096
Can someone confirm ? thx
I came up with the same answer. Let's just hope we're right, though I'm fairly certain we are
4094 because the first (all 0s) represents the network address while the last (all 1s) represents the broadcast address. This leaves us with 254 host IDs.
Yes @dengz A you are right.
Same. I am 99% sure it's correct my friend.
Can you explain bro, you're right
Thanks so much for these videos, they are incredibly helpful demistifying these vague concepts
Hi, thank you for making this video. I am a little confused on 2 points; at 3:23 it states the network has 256 networks, but at 4:54 the same example, it says 128 networks. Am i missing something?
Hey,
This is because of the reserved networks I think. The class A IP address scheme thingy is set up in such a way that it forces the first bit in the first octet to be a 0. This effectively rules out 128 networks, because that specific bit holds a value of 128. It does make me wonder why those are locked and what they are being used for then, because surely they won't be wasted?Anyway, Im not too good at this, so excuse the poor wording.. just trying to help
There was 256 networks on the old system at 3:23 , so to allow people to have more than just the 256 networks they changed it so there were classes that allowed more networks on the same 4 sets of bits (bytes). So if you think that Class A - E have to share the whole pizza (all the available numbers), Class A (which is limited from 0.0.0.0 to 127.0.0.0) gets half the pizza (which is at 4:54). But to make sure a host knows it's Class A the first bit is set to 0 (like a Post Code) . If you take the first byte 0.0.0.0 and turn it into binary -> 0000 0000 and the first 0 is always the same (so its class A) then the highest value it can have is 0111 1111 which is 127 in base 10 (normal numbers). This means that there can only be 128 networks in Class A
13:40 Unable to communicate because of subnetmask mismatch! Am i right?
99% of these videos are amazing and tons of info, 1% bad is maybe giving the answer after the question instead of going to a website every. Just my opinion, one can argue your method is better for learning which i see that point too. Amazing nonetheless
I guess there is a problem at 6.14. 130.2.3.4 ip adress given to us has been converting incorretly. Converting 130 from decimal to binary should have been 1000 0010 instead of 1100 0001
can someone explain how many hosts are actually left and how to work it out, honestly beautiful videos but i get confused at some bits like 6:20 when he says 256 hots left but he has written 255. Which one is it and how would i work it out? how would i know if lets say 255 is reserved and 0 is reserved, or is it the case that they are always reserved
Would anybody be able to help answer the question at 13:47, please? I don't understand what belongs here and why there are two addresses on either side of the routers. What does that mean? Why can't router A direct the message to router B? TIA.
I understand that it probably has to do with 172.16.2.20 does not belong in the networks that 172.16.2.0/30 supports, but it is not clear to me why there are two hosts on either side of the router and what they mean.
At 12:56, I think the answer would be: 16 possible subnets and 4096 possible host IPs per subnet?
Best video on this I've seen
Thank you!
Easy to understand videos, again fabulous work. Thank you!
13:54: Because Bits 24-29 are interpreted in a different way by the 3 networks? The little one in the middle interprets them as part of network address, where as it's an internal one?
@Uwe Guevara I think that the mask /30 is 255.255.255.252, which leaves only 4 hosts available, so the range is .0 - .3.
So 172.16.2.20 is out of range? This is my guess
@@RicardoValero95 can you explain this to me in more detail if possible ?
@@aszh Ricardo is right. The .20 address from the right router does not fit in the IP range from the /30 subnetmask.
Okay, this is helping me. Thank you. How can I ask questions or comment on an answer to one of your quizzes? I just became a Patron to look at the answer to a quiz question [the one at 13:31 (Quiz 4: Why is the Device in Network A Unable to Reach Network B?)]. My comment on this question: It seems the network diagram could be a bit clearer to show the left router "belongs" to the left IP network and the right router "belongs" to right IP network, yes? Or no? Do routers "belong" to IP networks? It's not clear from the diagram which IP network they belong. Why don't both routers belong to the middle (30 bit subnet) IP network? I would sincerely appreciate an explanation, because I've been around networking for awhile without understanding how it works in detail.
Wow
Becoming networker is my dream i hope this will help greatly.
What does it mean at 12:25 when it says that devices in the same subnet but separated by a router are unable to communicate with each other?
It means these are two separate networks. Devices in different networks can't communicate with each other directly.
Instead, they can send their traffic to the router, which forwards the traffic on their behalf.
Great videos! Thank you very much!
Sir very good video help alot ❤❤ which books do you recommend to learn more about network on 2023
I really like your style of explaining these subjects.. Keep them coming man.. I hope you do one of ~ipsec~ or MPLS either way I'll be happy.
Thanks! You can get some IPSec here:ruclips.net/video/4IRefeZ3vyY/видео.html
I'd like to do something on MPLS in the future. I'll need a lot of research before then :)
Oh right! You already did the IPsec one I saw it the other day and did not watched it but doing it right now.
Hope you like it. Let me know what you think
Maybe it's another typo, or maybe I don't get it yet, but how @6:27 the example IP for the Class C address is 130.2.3 when it's said that it starts only from 192?
Yep, a typo. I think I need to rerecord this one...
@@NetworkDirection hey hey that's drastic, maybe just a couple of overlays
Little typo at 6:44 When you say "Class C", it's listed as Class B again. Just so there's no confusion if anyone else caught this
Very helpful video. At time 6:44 ist should be "Class C" in the last of the three lines.
Where can I find the answers for the questions given here???
i'm so lost, at 3:19, how you got 24 bits = 16,777,215 hosts?
Great vid, however @6:45 is a little typo, last class should be C instead of B. You say it right but slides has typo
Nicely spotted! You're really paying attention!
Yeah, I occasionally let a typo or two slip through.
You are doing a great job!
I’m using your video tutorial to prepare for my ICND1 exam. Appreciate your effort.
Hope you do well in the exam!
is it some continuous adv of your web site?
At 8:39 ans are Class A, Class C, Class B, Class B, Class C
At 12:46 ans are 240 subnets and 272 hosts within each subnet
At 13:51 ans is there should be a router between 172.16.2.1 and 172.16.2.20
Are these correct? 😃
would you ever do lessons on server fundamentals?
Thanks for the suggestion.
However, I'm focusing on networking for now (both in my career and on this channel), so I don't think there will be any server videos in the near future.
I really do appreciate the suggestions though
13:40 why are the networks unable to communicate?
networkdirection.net/labsandquizzes/quizzes/how-ip-addresses-work/
6:10 why is first octet 130 but it stands for 1100 0001?
I mean the first bytes in binary represents 128 + 64 = 192? That's much bigger number then 130
Yep, that's a typo. There are a few in this video
'130' should be '193'
hello, I have tried calculating the 16,777,215 figure at 3:33 but to no avail. how did you arrive at this figure? Thank you. Enjoying your videos so far!
Here's how I did it:
1. Open windows calculator, and switch to programmer mode
2. Click the binary button
3. Click on the bits 0 - 23 to turn them on
4. Look at the decimal number (it should be 16 777 215)
It's 256^3 i.e. the total number of distinct addresses that you can write with three octets (with each octet you can write 2^8 = 256 numbers).
Can someone please tell the answer to the last quiz?? Is it because the last 2 bits of the 2nd router are both 0 and only they constitute the host address..?
Can anyone give an example of two devices in the same subnet but not in the same IP network? [Concerning 12:08 in the video.] For classless networks doesn't "same subnet" imply "same IP network" ? At first glance yes, but then these subnets can be reused somehow, yes? If so then it's this reuse of subnets that expands IPV4 addressing greatly .AND. allows for devices on the same subnet to be part of a different IP network, yes? No? And to respond to your question at the end: I agree that classless networking + superneting is the future (and has been) for awhile!
Hi one question. What do you mean with the "fixed bits"? I mean like in 06:16. "130" is not represented by 1100 0001. Rather it would be 1000 0010. I dont get the point. Besides this great work. Thank you.
In the original 'classful' type of IP addressing, the first few bits represented the class.
At 6:16, the first three bits are '110', meaning that this IP must be class C.
However, don't focus on this too hard. Focus more on how Classless IP addresses work
What if we have the IP 224.150.10.0? The first octet would be 11100000 which cannot be categorized as class A, B or C IP. What about all the IP's of which the first bits of the first octet are not 0 or 10 or 110?
Also my second concern is why would we use the concept of a subnet mask? I mean we are using two IPs. One is the IP that describes the network Id and the host ID and the other IP is used for the subnet mask. Why can't we use the IP of the subnet mask as the Network ID and the other IP for the host?
How do you represent a subnet mask of 255 . 255 . 40 . 0 if the number represented are the 1's going from left to right? How/Can you skip over bits?
Do you mean, how can you convert a subnet mask to a wildcard mask?
@@NetworkDirection interesting. It seems like that's what I was looking for. Thanks!
However I'm still not sure how to get that mask if the bits are 11111111 11111111 00101000 00000000 to get 255 255 40 0 if they only go left to right or right to left
this is a gold mine
excellent teacher long life!!!
Thank you
Thank you for this, I really do like these but you don't explain Subnetting and how you get the values that well. I have to go back and watch this again to see if it'll click. But overall a great video, thanks
You’ll see some subnetting in the next part
Yes, I don't understand this either. I just subscribed and am even more confused regarding Quiz 3a and the .240. It seemed like the concept was about 255 and 0 but then 240 gets thrown in there and I don't see how that equates to 20 bits.
Conversions to binary and how many bits that yields to the network in a Subnet mask (I think):
128 = 10000000 (1 bit for the network)
192 = 11000000 (2 bits for the network)
224 = 11100000 (3 bits for the network)
240 = 11110000 (4 bits for the network)
248 = 11111000 (5 bits for the network)
252 = 11111100 (6 bits for the network)
254 = 11111110 (7 bits for the network)
255 = 11111111 (8 bits for the network)
The right router, shouldn't it be 172.16.2.2 (not 172.16.2.20)? Bcauz if it has subnet mask /30 it can have only 3 hosts. thank u for ur help!
why does subnet mask /30 only have 3 hosts?
172.16.2.0 is network itself. and 172.16.2.1/2/3 is 3 possible hosts ... in my opinion
I think it would mean that only 2 hosts would be allowed, as hosts cannot be all 0's or 1's, so it would either be 2.1 or 2.2
6:44 "Class B" is displayed instead of "Class C".
anyone can help me ? i just have a doubt about which part is host address.
About the A and B device not being able to communicate is it because the IP address 172.16.2.20 is out of the bounds of the domain i guess bcs /30 leaves out 2 bits to control and their range is from 0 to 3 and thats it.
0 & 3 will not be allowed. You can assign your IP to 1 or 2 only
totally cool, but please what do you mean when you say the largest a bit value is 256, i dont get that part, i thought the largest a bit value you can get is 255
Yeah, I was a bit too confusing there.
There are 256 numbers, starting at 0. The range is 0 - 255
@@NetworkDirection THANKS SO MUCH
@@ammieldeeyaa289 You're welcome!
6:27 I think you have wrong number in first bajt. Bajt should be 1100 1000 which gives 130. Just saying
130 is actually 1000 0010 no?
Why do we need ip adress we have mac (machine adress) as well
Because the MAC is used to transport information between locally connected devices (eg, two computers on a network switch)
IP is used to transport information between devices, even if they're on different networks.
I love A+ hardware and im trying to get into networking, but the ip addresses has always been my hindrance. When it comes to the math I guess I get overwhelmed easily. Oh well, I shall keep trying. Thank you for the informative vids. Gonna have to re watch this one 3 times though lol, no fault to you though.
Don't give up! You'll get there with a bit of repetition and practice
Thanks for these videos, loving them. They are very clear and the visuals make it much easier to understand. I'm hoping watching these and reading my text will help me get ready for my mid term next week.
Do you have any content on understanding subnetting and subnet masks? That is the area I am most confused about so far
Like, you have explained the concept here... but in my class in expected to be able to answer a bunch of questions about subnetting and I still don’t really understand it very well. Oh well, just gotta keep digging in.
Thanks again for your videos
Yep, a bit more in this series, and more videos currently in development
You listed Class B twice at 6:44. Just a misstep, I'm sure.
what should I learn before this? I do not understand how you come up with these numbers. Your videos are great but I feel like there is something else I should know before watching this video.
It helps if you're familiar with the binary number system as that is the basis of IPv4 addresses as well as subnet masks.
Thank you for sharing this Information.
My pleasure! Thanks for watching.
In the ranges of the classes, why do the not finish at an address with the form: x.255.255.255?
For example, in the class B, the given range is 128.0.0.0 to 191.255.0.0
Why?
Because the first 2 bits are not used. If you convert the binary of class B, the range is only up to 191.
12:53 4096 subnets and 16 host IP's per subnet?
Can you explain it in a bit more detail.
Excellent description sir!
In the subnetmask You're talking about 1 for the network and 0 for the hosts. Wouldn't it be more correct to say 1 for the Subnets and 0 for the devices. Example: For a very little SOHO wouldn't it be correct to put the subnetmask 255.255.255.240 ? E.g. with 4 workstations, a switch, a router and a printer? Thanks and regards.
before the last question ? we have 12 or 16 subnets ? and why ?
Sorry, which part do you mean? Do you have a timecode?
@@NetworkDirection never mind I am good
my answer about how many subnet do we have is 16 and how many IP's per subnet it 4094. correct me if im wrong
I got the same
Do correct me as i am not understanding why
on 6:16 (Binary value of 130.2.3 is 1100 0001 0000 0010 0000 0010) as per my understanding it should be 1000 0010 0000 0010 0000 0011) - please do help me on this
The class C IP addresses start from 192.xxx.xxx.xxx(since 110 is a constant here) . And the binary value mentioned here converts to 193.2.2.xxx(which exists within the C class range).
So, maybe it was a typo🤔
@@apar3258 Thank you!
These are great videos. Your production is fantastic! Keep it up.
Thanks!
What is the thought process behind having fixed bits for every IP class? Why are they there?
That was really old thinking, back when they thought the internet would only be used by governments, universities, and massive companies.
The fixed bits (classful) addressing is no longer used in practice, although sometimes people do refer to 'class-A' addresses and so on.
Million thanks for all this videos i enjoy learning a lot from you thanks again
I'm as blank as a paper, but it's slowly starting to make sense to me👍
Thanks for the easy to follow explanation.
You're welcome Akhil! I'm glad that you have found our video helpful! We have more Network Fundamental videos coming so stay tuned. 😀
Shouldn't be: Class C from 192.0.0.0 to 223.255.255.255 instead 223.255.255.0? Thanks in advance for such a great class.
Can anyone help me, how 16 million(4:56) Hosts came out of??? And
@(5:43) how 14 bits equals to 16384 Possible hosts , how each network have 65000 hosts ?? 🤔😵
Try watching back 0:45.
As each number separated by dots represents 8 bits each, then at 4:56, 24 bits (2.3.4) are allocated for hosts. So by using the formula as given at 7:14, you will see that 2^24 is around 16.777 million.
The same goes for 5.43. 2^14 = 16,384. 129.2 is 16 bits. However, you need to subtract two bits (16-2=14 bits) as for class b, the first 2 bits are always 10.
The same thing, use formula 2^16 = 65,536 hosts for each network (3.4 is 16 bits)
@@merlaney5728 got it, thanks mate . 🤝
You lose me at 11:43 and I’ve watched it several times over several days- networks being 172.16.X.Y - subnets being 255.255.255.Z wherein XYZ are any number between 1-255 or 255x255x255 = 16 million?
Wonderful explanations and videos. Thanks so much!
Can you elaborate at 5.59, how did u get this figure 192-255.0.0 Thanks
do you mean on the 'Class B' slide? I can't find the part you mean.