The Life and Death of a Neanderthal (Shanidar 1)
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- Опубликовано: 21 фев 2023
- Roughly 50,000 years ago, Shanidar 1 aka Nandy walked the earth. What can we say about the life and death of this Neanderthal?
Huge thanks to my generous patrons!
/ stefanmilo
Sources:
Great general source for Neanderthals:
Sykes, Rebecca Wragg. Kindred. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020.
Shanidar Neanderthals and their injuries:
Trinkaus, Erik, and M. R. Zimmerman. “Trauma among the Shanidar Neandertals.” American Journal of Physical Anthropology, vol. 57, no. 1, 1982, pp. 61-76., doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330570108.
Churchill, Steven E., et al. “Shanidar 3 Neandertal Rib Puncture Wound and Paleolithic Weaponry.” Journal of Human Evolution, vol. 57, no. 2, 2009, pp. 163-178., doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2009....
Trinkaus, Erik, and Sébastien Villotte. “External Auditory Exostoses and Hearing Loss in the Shanidar 1 Neandertal.” PLOS ONE, vol. 12, no. 10, 2017, doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.....
Neanderthal Medicine:
Weyrich, Laura S., et al. “Neanderthal Behaviour, Diet, and Disease Inferred from Ancient DNA in Dental Calculus.” Nature, vol. 544, no. 7650, 2017, pp. 357-361., doi.org/10.1038/nature21674.
Cannibalism:
Defleur, Alban R., and Emmanuel Desclaux. “Impact of the Last Interglacial Climate Change on Ecosystems and Neanderthals Behavior at Baume Moula-Guercy, Ardèche, France.” Journal of Archaeological Science, vol. 104, 2019, pp. 114-124., doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2019.01....
Smith, Tanya M., et al. “Wintertime Stress, Nursing, and Lead Exposure in Neanderthal Children.” Science Advances, vol. 4, no. 10, 2018, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aau9483.
Diet:
Martínez Valle, Rafael, et al. “Bird Consumption in the Final Stage of Cova Negra (Xátiva, Valencia).” Quaternary International, vol. 421, 2016, pp. 85-102., doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2016....
Evins, Mary A. “The Fauna from Shanidar Cave : Mousterian Wild Goat Exploitation in Northeastern Iraq.” Paléorient, vol. 8, no. 1, 1982, pp. 37-58., doi.org/10.3406/paleo.1982.4308.
Boëda, Eric, et al. “A Levallois Point Embedded in the Vertebra of a Wild Ass (Equus Africanus): Hafting, Projectiles and Mousterian Hunting Weapons.” Antiquity, vol. 73, no. 280, 1999, pp. 394-402., doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x0008....
Henry, Amanda G., et al. “Microfossils in Calculus Demonstrate Consumption of Plants and Cooked Foods in Neanderthal Diets (Shanidar III, Iraq; Spy I and II, Belgium).” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 108, no. 2, 2010, pp. 486-491., doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1016868108.
Gaudzinski-Windheuser, Sabine, et al. “Hunting and Processing of Straight-Tusked Elephants 125.000 Years Ago: Implications for Neanderthal Behavior.” Science Advances, vol. 9, no. 5, 2023, doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add8186.
Art & Symbolism:
Hoffmann, D. L., et al. “U-Th Dating of Carbonate Crusts Reveals Neandertal Origin of Iberian Cave Art.” Science, vol. 359, no. 6378, 2018, pp. 912-915., doi.org/10.1126/science.aap7778.
Jaubert, J., Verheyden, S., Genty, D. et al. Early Neanderthal constructions deep in Bruniquel Cave in southwestern France. Nature 534, 111-114 (2016). doi.org/10.1038/nature18291
New Burial at Shanidar:
www.cam.ac.uk/stories/shanidarz
Artwork by Ettore Mazza
Additional research by Dr. Anna Goldfield
Disclaimer: Use my videos as a rough guide to a topic. I am not an expert, I may get things wrong. This is why I always post my sources so you can critique my work and verify things for yourselves. Of course I aim to be as accurate as possible which is why you will only find reputable sources in my videos. Secondly, information is always subject to changes as new information is uncovered by archaeologists.
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www.stefanmilo.com
Historysmilo
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Getting increasingly rare to find history content that isn’t voiced by AI being fed their script! Thanks for keeping it real. Subbed
I know! So many of those channels have sprung up recently. Can confirm I am a human archaeology nerd.
@@StefanMilo who knows maybe in many thousands of years some version of human will be narrating the imagined life of of a human archeology nerd.
@@D-me-dream-smp That’s sad and scary to think about damn 😭
I AGREE yargeht! WHY would anyone looking to build a channel think that would be an asset? Weird! Hi Stefan! I been subbed a looong time. I’m the 🎶 Globby Globby Skull 🎶 lady! 😂 omg that still makes me LoL …and I absolutely love how you have developed your channel and your niche! The interviews you do are with the coolest people, too! Dilly, Wragg-Sykes ….(I originally wrote Ragg~Sykes but, fortunately, I double checked haha!!!)
Yes! I hate clicking on a history video and hearing a robot voice
This is what I think of when people say, "Your ancestors have done so much just for you to be right where you at" . He survived such a horrific life. He adapted
But he’s not your ancestor
@@deadorehe is?
neandertals have been breed out of existence thanks to our direct ancestors (also killed but whatever)
She
You don't know if he reproduced.
@@deadoreof course he is you donut, we are all related around the world 😂
It's miraculous to imagine what would go through Nandy's mind & heart if somehow he could know that so many thousands of years later, his descendants would be learning about him & caring about his experiences, & grateful to him for weathering all he did.
Not really. He would not be able to grasp what was going on. He's no frozen caveman lawyer.
Lovely comment i couldn't agree more
I think Neanderthals are like a brother species. But I understand the sentiment and agree
@@angeloalvarez5520well the fact that most people outside of africa carry 1-2% of neanderthal dna within our genomes, its reasonable to call us his descendants.
@@chopsyoutube yeah there were definitely sapiens who came from a neander father at times, because we know they bred with each other
i am retired now, but for just over 30 years, i worked or moonlighted as a bouncer, security, and private bodyguard. in the course of my duties, i received a number of injuries that affect me even to this day. the reason i mention this is that most of my lingering injuries are to the left side of my body, just as the Neanderthal in the beginning of this video. the reason is that most people are right handed. and when confronting these people, that puts their dominant hand on the left side of my body. i'm not saying this was the definitive cause of the injury locations, but it is certainly something to consider.
Good point.
@@MrHarumakiSensei thank you. while it is only speculation on my uneducated part, it does seem to pass the "does it make sense" filter.
It's difficult to say if Neanderthals were left or right handed. Using scientific rigor we can't say for certain. They are a sub species just as we are, but for all we actually know they could have been ambidextrous.
wow! thank you for sharing this! i really hope Stefan would've seen your comment!
@@JohnLeePettimoreIII I've done a lot of martial arts, and injuries clearly accumulated more on my left side over time. So that's at least one more data point that supports your idea.
That painting of the neanderthal woman cradling the head of her homo sapiens partner as their child plays with his father took my breath away. Such kindness, tenderness, and love is a primal and ancient part of our shared lineage. It is as beautiful as it is fierce, but most of all, it is deeply human.
Deeply mammalian I believe
@@evelynfakira5612I don’t know, friend. There are mammals that aren’t very social creatures.
Right up to the point where they ate each other.
How would you know?
Commie propaganda
Man, your videos were always good, but they've gotten to the point of something I'd expect from a major budget documentary from the glory days of television, yet even more nuanced, enjoyable and educational. I'm so glad to have found this channel.
Better to be honest.
I just found this channel and subscribed. I love paleoanthropology.
yeah, he's come a long way from the plastic spoon days
I miss the plastic spoon tbh
@@markryan5948 me too. I never forget a video with him sitting in the woods, talking to spoon surrounded by human skulls. What a sight it would have been to meet him.
I had a chance to visit Shanidar cave and I was struck by the temperature difference once you step inside. From sweltering summer heat to cool and shady, and even downright cold in the inner grotto. It really made it click why early humans would take refuge there.
I think it was very cold back then when this Neanderthal lived so it had to be hard to live in this cave even with fire burning inside the cave.
@@janosik47 Not necessarily. Temperatures underground (which a deep cave in a high cliff essentially is) vary much less than temperatures in the open, so in Winter the ambient temperature inside the cave was and is likely to be warmer than outside, just as it was/is cooler than the outside in Summer.
The Shanidar Neanderthals have been dated to between 65,000 and 35,000 years ago. This falls within the Würm glacial period, which is thought to have been mild, and the climate of the East Mediterranean coast would have been moderated by the Sea, so it would have been markedly less cold than elsewhere, and of course Humans (in which I include Neanderthals) thrived worldwide in this period.
8:20 it is unreal the amount of weather manipulation that goes on world wide. Look at that chemtrail. And no this isn’t tinfoil hat stuff anymore. There is plenty of evidence and it’s even talked about and agencies have names.
You’re my comfort person. When I feel stressed and overstimulated, I put my headphones on and watch your videos over and over and over again. There’s something about your voice and your knowledge that calms me down so fast. I’m so happy that you make RUclips videos. I’m grateful for you mr Milo.
I have to heartily agree. Thank you for not being screechy to speaking too fast. Love your presentations.
Me too
So proud of how far Mr. Milo has come. Thank you!!!
Couldn't agree more. The channel was already amazing from the start, but it only gets better! I'm always waiting for new videos.
Stefan does a great job. His videos are a joy to watch.
agreed!
but it's been a really long time since he has said "Boinkfest"
@@themyceliumnetwork hahahaha!!!! Ahhh that was great!!!
I'm proud of how far Shanidar has come.
I love the humanity you weave into your documentaries about humanity.🌼
Fantasy, you mean.
@@jLoRaineK There wasn't any cited research. Just a bunch of speculation based on a skeleton for which no actual provenance was provided.
@@jLoRaineK Okay. That Neanderthal guy was surrounded by people who loved him. Happy now?
@@shortscenes9338 Do you mean that he is weaving in lots of speculation?
@@josephpostma1787 It's fantasy, rather than speculation. A lot of archaeology and anthropology is fantasy. This video typifies that situation. The motivation behind that situation is personal insanity, general academic vanity, research grants, and the politics of the day.
I think we often underestimate how intelligent and cultured pre-historical people were.
They probably would know how to tourniquet his arm with a strip of leather and to apply pressure for bleeding control, which is perhaps how they could successfully amputate his arm.
Also, I imagine they probably would have decorated their clothes to some extent. They might have access to a few dyes, for example, or at least decorated their clothes with markings and atains
" decorated their clothes to some extent " Interesting theory ! In order to get help from the gods ?
@@woutervanlent5181represent their clan in a multi group context?
It's all conjecture. It's just as likely that he held his stump because it hurt, which stopped the bleeding, and he eventually healed.
you dont stop such a huge cut from bleeding just by holding it, he wouldve bled out
@@sp3ctr0ph0bia dude I’m an EMT I know a few things about first aid :p
Firstly it wouldn’t just be with pressure, I’m sure early man knew that if you wrapped something around a limb very, very tightly it severely constricts bleeding.
The bigger issue would be infection, but they would likely have stronger immune systems and some kind of herbal medicine. That wouldn’t make his chances great, but better than nothing
Your content is so thorough and so breathtakingly interesting. I don't have much, but here's some thanks to keep you making content. I appreciate it so much, you have no idea.
I frequently donate 10s and 20s. I am sure he will appreciate it!
@@RUclipsr-my2ky he doesn't even bother responding and saying thank you. He probably just thinks you guys are suckers and dumb. Oh well hopefully I'm wrong about that
🙌🙌🙌
Yes because in school all this was so needlessly controversial and we did not get to learn about it. Plus as time moves on more discoveries come to light.
Not being physically 100%, Nandi was possibly a superior logistician, or knew great recipes, or told great stories, or knew medicines or treatments, or was a fire guru, the brains behind the tribe in a hundred different ways. We won't know.
Or he was really, really funny.
@@MrButtwipe102 Totally
why should the cripple be wise? Wouldnt he be worth enoth for you without some perk to the family?
@@avinamerkur1484 do you think he wouldn't feel the need to add to the lives of the people who cared for him somehow? Wouldn't you? Are you just a snowflake who's good enough exactly the way he is?
@@avinamerkur1484 Yeah, but he'd probably also get bored sitting around the cave all day and find something to do. We're just humanising the old guy. I personally like to think he enjoyed fishing.
Stefan, your wonderful story telling brought Nandy back to life. I've enjoyed your story telling for quite some time now and each new story is richer than those you told before. Thank you very much.
Only problem is that stories so easily fall into hyperbole.
@@gregorynixon2945 Stefan's stories? Great balls of fire, Greg! Stefan goes out of his way to include disclaimers where the evidence is weak. Hyperbole? At the risk of hyperbole, myself, you astound me.
@@jamesrussell7760 Astound you? In this case his "disclaimers" were betrayed by his enthusiastic embrace of the heartwarming genius of Neanderthal. Maybe you feel the irrational urge to be so "inclusive" of our outlying relative that you're willing to speculate beyond what the evidence actually reveals (like so many others), but I didn't think Stefan would. Being a skeptic until proved otherwise seems to me just rational critical thinking to me. There's been so many historical and prehistorical political correct paradigm shifts, that I maintain the intellectual, artistic, and spiritual prowess of H. neanderthalensis has been greatly exaggerated in the name of inclusivity.
Otherwise, I'm a big fan of Stefan's. At least he stood up to those who denied our darling Neanderthals could have ever been cannibals.
@@gregorynixon2945 nope. Nothing he says is hyperbole. He makes sure that he chooses his words very carefully because the science can always change with new information. You need to listen to his words more carefully.
@@gregorynixon2945 Alright, you disagree with Stefan regarding the Neanderthals. Indeed, it appears that you subscribe to the original assessment of a hulking, bipedal ape and reject the more informed picture of a close relative of H. sapiens - so close that a hybrid was reproductively fertile - because of "prehistorical political correct paradigm shifts". The fact that 2-4% of our genome came from Neanderthals is pretty strong evidence that H. sapiens, circa ~40K years ago, probably considered them a bit strange but undeniably human. Hell, a Connecticut yankee could say the same about a Mississippi redneck. I agree that being a skeptic until proven otherwise is probably one of the most important tenets of the scientific method. But it is just as important to keep an open mind.
The character of Creb from the Clan of the Cave Bear was based on this skeleton. In this narrative he was attacked by a bear in childhood and became a powerful shaman. So, that was Jean Auel’s story around his skeleton.
I didnt know that, that's really cool!
I was just about to post that the narrator should stop calling Creb "Nandi" as a joke when I saw this comment.
I immediately made the connection without knowing this. Jean was brilliant with that series....
I would've guessed Mog-ur
Creb was supposed to be older than 40, wasn't he?
@@MrHarumakiSensei No, Creb was a bit older, but Iza died at 26. He wouldn't have been past his mid 30s. It was shown in the books that the Clan don't live as long as the Others. TBF, Iza died from Tuberculosis and not old age.
Your videos are not just educational they’re very entertaining. You make the neanderthal people come to life with the most interesting stories. I love your videos.
I was thinking the same . Milo brings them indeed to life
You have such a knack for bringing the past alive while sticking firmly to the evidence you present. Oh to travel back with a time machine. So fascinating. And as much entertaining as educating. Thank you for your enthusiasm.
Would it not be grand to have a conversation at that hearth?
A solitary wolf walking with humans? A pet? I knew a professional tiler with a forearm missing: fastest and most skilled tiler I ever saw, who made great use of his stump. I don't think too many assumptions can be made. Thanks for lovely video.
modern hunter gatherer children are known to make pets out of anything that walks, flies or crawls. neandertal children probably weren't much different.
maybe less pet and more traveling companion?
I think if you could interview that family and ask them about the wolf, they would say that it is just always there following them at a distance everywhere they went and sometimes the children would throw it some scraps as a carcass was being butchered by the adults.
Without a pack to help it hunt a lone wolf will need to change it's tactics and become an opportunist feeder.
Wolves are highly intelligent and will quickly adapt to a situation that is profitable for them.
Beaches are a great place to find tracks and know which animals live nearby. Its very common to find tracks following eachother (otters and foxes for example). I think the reason for this can be better explained because: 1) that path is the easiest to walk trough, 2) they are naturally curious animals (my footprints would be there too, out of curiosity), 3) they are looking for similar resources, or 4) just because beaches are not very wide. Thinking that this case was a wolf domestication event by neanthertals is quite biassed, nobody would think otters are domesticating foxes...
@@louiechidwick6034And that's how we got dogs. Basically.
8 videos in a row, this one brought a tear to my eye. You really made me feel for Nandy, bless him. Being a florist, I love the idea of flowers being used to show love and respect after death going back as far our past may have started. Peace and love
I recently read an article about the discovery of a skeleton discovered in Borneo. This person had lost their foot. But the way the tibia and fibula fused together at the end clearly showed that they had undergone surgery and lived for years afterward. This was 31000 years ago. It's incredible. I love these kinds of findings because they display ingenuity and compassion of humanity when we'd rather think of the people of the past as only barbaric. Without our ingenuity and compassion we'd have gone extinct long ago. I love prehistory because the humanity is so apparent. We dont get details of who or what or the story isnt distorted by who survived and how the survivors remembered it (though thats a lot of fun too), we get what we get and then the imagination runs wild. We see that people are always people and understand ourselves more as a species.
I love how Nandy the inmortal scaped death once again. Being found by archeologists that will preserve his remains and tell his story for who knows how long.
Hey hey hey. I get listen to Stefan while I prepare dinner for the family. Makes it so much more enjoyable.
You are definitely one of the best paleoanthropologist channels today. Television could not hope to capture the passion and humanity you weave into these stories of our shared human past. Thank you for another incredible video.
It's incredible to reflect on Nandy's life, thank you so much! I sat here for a while just contemplating the vivid imagery of the Neanderthal children on the beach with a wolf tracking slowly behind, staring out the window thinking about what could have caused the cannibal-cave event, sipping tea while hypothesising what kind of hyperviolent event could have caused his injuries... And then I deleted TikTok from my phone.
This video makes me happy. I have loved Neanderthals since I was an infant. I can't explain the emotional attachment I had to them as I had nothing to base it on - I was being taught in school they were the brutes we thought they were, but internally, I said no, this is wrong. I was there for the great flower debate. I can't explain the joy I feel that everyone else is catching up to me, that the science is catching up to me. Thank you for sharing shanidar with me.
Maybe you were one in a past life ❤
@@emmaphillips3847 I don't say that out loud, as I don't want to be introduced to a padded room ;)
They were brute cave dwellers.
Thank God I dont have any primitiv Neanderthal DNA.
Long live Homo-Sapiens ✊🏿
Hooray! Stefan, we get your book as a birthday present for most of my kids' friends. It's always a hit!
Your video composition has really advanced significantly in these last few years. Very well done.
Amazing work! Great use of artwork to paint a more vivid picture. What a gruesome existence they lived. Thanks for always bringing us back to our collective roots.
Micky! Thank you brother
The amount of work you’ve put into this is incredible. The original art is amazing too. Well done 👏
literal ai crap
@@chugbunga1665 ???? the artist is literally in the discription
I love these honest discussions. It's not often RUclipsrs allow us into their personal lives and yet time after time Mr. Milo teaches us the history of his close family. Marvelous.
I love this channel and how you bring the magic and beauty out of the relics of humanity. Everyone and everything- past and present -has engaging stories to be learned from. Thank you, Stefan.
Decades ago I loved the series of books by Jean Auel. They told a very well researched fictional story of how our ancestors, homo sapien and neanderthal lived, fought and died together. Thank you for your excellent videos.
Brb just googling the author.
I've always thought that Nandi was the inspiration for Creb.
Somewhere in my book collection, I have Jean Auel's stories. About time I reread them.
@@WildWestRosieyes, it was!
Willow bark and penicillin rubrens were found in one adolescent Neanderthal in El Sidron. That means they used pain killers and antibiotics.
Thank you very much for all of your videos. I love watching them, and whenever a new one pops up I get super excited. Thank you!
Can you tell me how to make a donation like yours on RUclips? I’ve never been able to figure out house. Thank you.
I never knew this was a feature before.
@@fleetskipper1810 On mobile there is a “Thanks” button near the other buttons (Like, Subscribe, etc.) under the video.
@@fleetskipper1810 there is a little button called "thanks" under the channel name atleast on phone. cant imagine it would be much diffirent on pc though
@@TheErikjsm Confirmed as available on PC.
It's in the drop-down menu below the right side of the video window...same place you'd add a video to a playlist, or report a user, etc.
I dont know if you'll ever see this comment but i just wanted to say, you and your channel have had a profound impact on me. I grew up being interested in all of this but i had no opportunity to really get into it. Recently though (in the last couple of years), ive been really enjoying your content it's helped me break down parts of me that were scared to fully denounce heaven and hell but youve helped with that tremendously. I bought your book and i love it if i ever do become a dad i will absolutely be showing it to my kids along with these videos! I even want to pursue a career in this or similar feilds thank you so much for what you do. Anyway
Tl;dr, youre videos helped me become the person I've always wanted to be so thank you and keep on being fuckin awesome!!!
I know this is a really overused term on RUclips, but this channel is way underrated!
The quality is phenomenal, I'm so glad I've found this today!
Your blending of science and storytelling brings our ancestors to life - thank you!
Another amazing video, Stefan. I love that you not only give us the scientific information, but you thoroughly humanize and bring to life these people from our deep prehistory. I think Nandy and his family would have liked this video.
Of course they resembled Basques. Germanic is an Indo-European language like Hittite. You can find blonde features in places like Turkey, Chechnya, Georgia, Lebanon, Persia.
The view from Shanidar cave looking down the valley and The Great Zab River has always intrigued me. That view has provoked thought and creativity on and off for thousands of generations.
I've walked that valley, and felt the heavy storms whip up the grasses. It's not otherworldly or eerie or surreal, the fascination is what we learn, the stories we slowly reveal. Great vid, Mr Milo!
I really enjoy your work, Stefan, but especially your "Life and Death" videos. You take dry bones and fragments and piece by piece rebuild them and remind us that these were once real people (more similar to ourselves than different from us), living in a real and extremely challenging world. Thank you for the videos. I think if they knew that half a millennium later people would be remembering them, talking about them and their lives and struggles, our distant forebears would thank you too. It's a nice thought.
Comprehensive referencing with honest, nuanced and humble commentary... Amazingly good quality. And yes, I'm a retired academic. Many thanks Mr Milo.
Banger!
3 likes😭
Man, i am so proud of you, and of the fact i followed your channel since it had but a few thousand subscribers. You have consistant and actually increasing quality, and a beautifull presentation. The growth of your channel is well earned 👏👏👏
Outstanding work, Mr. Milo. Such a viscerally satisfying piece. Accessible and educational. You brought them to life without maudlin theatrics. So very relatable.
Agreed, wonderful video
Fascinating video as always. I can't help but get goosebumps when listening to things like this. The shared humanity we have with these people combined with the sense of mystery and imagination in regards to how they lived just stirs up something deep inside of me.
Same for me!
Big support for this channel, it is my go to favourite RUclips channel and your production is amazing. Someone get this man producing documentaries!
I truly enjoy hanging out with you Stefan. I always feel enlightened and inspired afterwards. Thank You!
Wonderful video again Stefan. You brought Nandi to life for a few moments. Beautiful work. Thank you!
Beautiful yet heart-rending story. Thank you.
I appreciate the balance between storytelling and evidence that you present. It’s a fine line and you’re doing it very responsibly. I love the time you take to humanise these people as we explore the evidence
Stunning film, the compassion with which you approach your subject ( all of us and our history)is truly award worthy, you make me smarter and more caring, thanks Stefan!
I don’t ever comment on RUclips but I just wanted to say I was genuinely so happy to see you had uploaded your video just interest me so much and I knew nothing about anthropology before I came across your channel. THANK YOU
It's always a thrill to see a new video posted by you, Stefan. This is excellent and intriguing, thanks!
Perhaps the best storyteller I subscribe to. You bring a humor and humanity for this human to enjoy! Thank you!
“Tentatively tiptoed” 💕💕💕💕💕 it’s these little notations of moments of time shared across the ages that make your vids so delightful. It makes it feel like this all happened five minutes ago.
I love your storytelling! Well accepted "facts" seamlessly intermingled with absolute plausible "fiction" but always distinguishable from each other. Thank you!
I can't even imagine how hard it is to round up all the information for one of these videos but I appreciate your passion. Great video. I wish you could make more.
You're one of my favorite history channels. Been watching for a while. The videos just keep getting better! This videos a banger
Your videos are my go-to feel good vibe enhancers. Even when I am doing something I love to run your vids in the background. I swear I have watched this one at least 20 times. You sir, need a podcast!
I think this is what Jean M Auel based her character Creb after.
Yes!
Only comment that means anything
I know that Stefan's videos are such high quality that I Like them even before I'm done watching. Great visuals, educational, and charismatic narration. Always excited when you release a new piece!
This is extremely well-done. As always, I appreciate the references and their links. Many thanks.
Quality of videos has been amazing lately, keep up the great work! The careful narration, B-roll, and music all come together beautifully with the research
Love the way you pulled all the recent discoveries into a unified picture. Great presentation. Thank you 💞
i was just thinking to myself, “Stefan hasn’t posted in a while…” Only for you to bless us the very next day.
Thanks, Stefan!
I absolutely love your story telling. Painting a vivid picture in my mind . Wonderful video!
Every video brings me to tears, your work is so precious to us Milo, thank you 🙏🏼
Man, I'm a minute in and I can tell you're getting substantially better at this making videos thing. This feels professionally done. I may have missed something but it seems like a big jump up.
Holy smokes! This is exquisitely made! The illustrations and storytelling are top-notch! Well done, sir!
A visually beautiful piece of work, Stefan. Thank you for making it.
I cannot express enough the pleasure I get from watching your videos.Honestly I can't get enough.Thankyou for the info and the way you produce them.I am no expert but your style is perfect and very good quality.Many thanks
Every time the bell alerts me there's a new video from you, I know I'm in for a treat. Thanks.
Another great video, thank you Stefan for taking the time and effort to make these. The artwork is really cool, I especially like the image of Shanidar cave with the campfire smoke and inhabitants in front of it.
Your video is one of the great positives of the Internet. There was a time, not that long ago, that to hear a lecture like this about such an interesting subject would have been limited to those either attending university or belonging to some club of elites.
THANK YOU for sharing OUR history of life.
shanidar 1 is probably one of my favourite anthropology finds :) super duper happy youre covering it :) love ur videos so much
Great to see you are back! Thank you so much for your videos! Love the easy-to-understand storytelling and the animations are slick! :-)
Thank you so much Stefan for these videos. I've starting watching with my 4 y/o girl, and even though she speaks very little English, thanks to the quality work you put into the graphical side she can grasp what is going on and asks a lot of questions. You're a legend!
I love how your videos humanize prehistoric people, Stefan (Ettore's artwork also helps a lot)! We have traditionally been taught to think about them as barely human 😕 I am learning so much with your videos! 😃
Quick aside, hope you see this, you may have my favourite thumbnails of any youtuber. Sleek, clean, unique, professional, and not the least bit clickbaity
Fantastic as always. Starting from the theme, through the visuals, to the narration. Like watching a movie or reading a good book.
thanks Stefan i love these videos, so informative and beautiful. Your channel deserves so much more attention, i hope you keep on going with it for a long long time!
what a beautiful homage to our ancestors' lineage through the Neanderthals. Your love for your work and your emotional investment into it are awe inspiring!
Maybe Nandy was a first shaman like figure, revered and cherished by his tribe? I have watched most of your videos and this one touched me the most, because of your emotional yet professional way of telling their stories, never veering off into speculation yet taking enough room for professional suggestions giving us a real look into the lives of these beautiful peoples! Thank you so much! Enjoyed it immensely.
Stefan, you are a legend, my friend! You bring us hope for the humankind, thank you! I certainly think that our friend Nandy was well taken care of in both his life and his death.
I always look forward to your videos. You having artwork that people can associate to your videos specifically is very smart of you.
The only downside of your RUclips channel is I have to wait another month until your next video 😫. I have a lot of prehistory RUclips channels that I watch daily/weekly but yours is by far my favorite. Keep up the great work. 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼
Great vid as usual. And hearing about all Nandy's injuries made me quit feeling sorry for myself having a flu while eating microwaved chicken in my warm home.
these kinds of videos are my favourites. it's absolutely mind blowing to see the remains of life over such a massive time jump and be able to see similarities to ourselves. I find it so fascinating to think about. people have always been so human
After reading The Clan of the Cave Bear by Jean Auel I wanted to learn more about Neanderthal communities - this video was the perfect place for me to start. Looking forward to watching more of your videos!
Love that series of novels!!
I suspect that Nandy was the role model for Creb.
@@happytofu5 that’s exactly what I was thinking! the broken/deformed arm especially
Simply wonderful books they were.
Well at least in passing you acknowledged the huge size of Neanderthal eyes! I thank you for that. Most apparently don't want to think about it too much because they don't even mention it.
They definitely could’ve had better eyesight than us. It’s just hard to say for sure because they’re all dead. We can’t give them an eye exam.
Svante Paabo even claimed it to be sign of their "inferiority' as it supposedly develops parietal lobe instead of frontal (that's supposedly associated with cognition).
But honestly there's no neuroscientific consensus about it.
IIT actually even claims that consciousness occurs in parietal lobe! Global Neuronal Workspace theory disagrees and Theories like Stuart Hameroffs Orch Or or Antonio Damasio Homeostatic brain theory think that it's not right question to ask.
If we have us the only group of intellectuals to compare to of course we will read every difference as sign of "inferiority'of others.
Example: there's rejuvenation of white nationalism in the US claiming supposedly on basis of poligenic DNA test scores that Africans have innately lower IQ Gfactor,BUT.
That's only because genetic reaserch majority of GWAS were focusing on Europeans and their variants only so far!
We still no little about genetic diversity and neurological variants of Africans and even less about for example Native Americans! Or Papuans,Native Australians and Indonesians.
David Reich pointed out it so many times.
And Svante Paabo looking for "inferiority signs" in Neanderthals for us modern humans to feel better is actually extension of such racial science misconceptions.
Pity that David Reich didn't share Nobel with Paabos!
@@StefanMilo Mammals without reflecting eye membranes grow big eyes so they can see in the dark. If they were any other type of mammal, scientists would conclude they must have been nocturnal.
The simplest explanation is that they were nocturnal or at least crepuscular.
As I recall the latest on their big brains was that the bulk of it was in the optical lobes, not the prefrontal cortex.
That's true of the tarsiers and night monkeys. They are anthropoid primates (i.e. no reflective eye membranes) and huge eyes and optic lobes. Anyone finding such a skull would conclude they must be nocturnal. Why isn't this a widespread assumption about Neanderthals?
Also, ice age Eurasian mammals were wooly all over. It seems logical Neanderthals would have been, too, unless they had excellent clothing. I don't think that likely so they probably had fur like a mountain gorilla at least.
Dude your videos show actually photo/video, sourced articles, interesting factoids, awesome charts
Thank you bro
Great video! Shanidar Cave has given us so much information about our hominid family. Bruniquel cave as well is such a fascinating find, I can’t believe more research hasn’t been published about it! It’s difficult to find much about it at all, unfortunately. I enjoy how informative and interesting your videos do.
This was absolutely incredible. I decided to watch it on my tv bc I suspected my phone screen wouldn’t do it justice. I was right! Great use of artwork. Ettore is very talented!
With his injuries, it makes me wonder if he was valuable to his community as some kind of storyteller or soothsayer.
He could have been, but just as likely he was valuable as a regular member of the family. Not “we should save him because he is/can be still useful”, but “we should save him because he’s our brother/cousin/friend/spouse/child”. The idea that humans have intrinsic value is not new. Groups were small and every person counted. He still had three good limbs. Not to mention there were lots of daily tasks that he could do that didn’t require two arms. He could still pass on knowledge to the next generation. He had loved ones and they weren’t going to stop loving him simply because he was disabled.
Great to see a video Stefan I've missed you! Interesting thought provoking content as always
What an incredibly interesting and well-made video. Thank you so much for making it!
It's strange to think how all the previous human species evolved into what we are today, the only humans alive. What happened between us throughout the history is left only to speculations and for archeologist to discuss upon. I love how you share those little stories of trans-species relations and what might have happened in a such a brief context of time and history, this sheds such an insightful look to the lives of early humans. I wish so much we could know more, to look through the glasses of history and see how their daily lives looked like.
It's also interesting to think what variations some will evolve into and which will be successful, if any. We are, with luck, only a midpoint in the evolutionary track.
I've always been so curious about what daily life was like for our distant ancestors. It's cool learning about the story of them as groups in 25k year increments, but I always wonder about the day to day. The regular people. I don't know why I am so interested in this, since it's never going to be more than speculation.
That’s not what happened though. Only one or perhaps a handful of extremely closely related hominins in Africa around 400,000 years ago actually evolved into modern humans.
I'm suicidal. While watching this i thought 2 myself that if they could survive, i could too
Stay here, Skystar. You'll be on the other side when it's your time. Remember, you're here because you asked to come. ❤
Thank you for the effort you put into this program.
Awwee this was beautiful! Really quality content. Very glad RUclips recommended it. That ending made me tear up. Us humans really are an ancient, complex and beautiful lineage. And we are all in it together ❤
You have an incredible talent of storytelling, and your voice is great. I had no idea I am interested in this paleolithiic stuff untill I crossed your channel.