How This Disease Could Wipe Out Citrus...Unless We Stop It
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- Опубликовано: 19 сен 2023
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Citrus trees are threatened by a devastating disease called Huanglongbing. In this episode of Hungry Planet, Niba visits Southern California, where she learns what UC Riverside researchers are doing to stop it. She also speaks with Food Forward, an organization that connects excess food to people who need it in California communities, including in areas hit by HLB. Hungry Planet showcases how scientists and communities are working to keep food on our plates for future generations.
Learn more:
Christopher Drozd microplantpath.ucr.edu/image/...
Food Forward foodforward.org/
Tracy Kahn / tracy-kahn-a-love-affa...
*additional credit: Production Assistant - Nora Bradford
Hungry Planet is a joint production between Helicase Media LLC and STEMedia Inc. Original Production Funding Provided by National Science Foundation - Grant No. 2120006
Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.
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Ah, a year or two ago I was explaining the trickyness of catching huanglongbing to a friend while at a grocer when she commented that clementines have been oddly dry lately, so I went on to explain that's why we had been importing more citrus from places like Chile and Peru lately; the owner was stocking a nearby shelf and asked what I meant. I explained that there's a long period of asymptomatic growth while being infectious, and that's what makes it hard for citrus farmers to weed out, he got oddly defensive as if I was accusing *all* of his produse as being poor quality. It was a very strange exchange, and in hind sight I'm surprised he hadn't heard of it yet given he's in the business. It almost seemed like the exchange hit a sore spot, as if he was defensive thinking that it's yet another pandemic on the way. I hope our generation doesn't get too reactive about infectious diseases, because they affect more than just mammals directly, and of course affect us directly via the ecosystem and food chain, so it's vital we research and take measures to prevent invasive species. ¯\_༼ •́ ͜ʖ •̀ ༽_/¯
It’s challenge to explain plant pathology in a classroom of educated students, never mind in a grocery store. If there was a list of academic topics for grocery education, it would include: GMOs (usefulness in fighting pathogens) and their labeling and how to actually read a nutrition label, at the very least.
All he heard was another challenge to his livelihood, and maybe a whisper of ivermectin. Good for you for sharing what you know, but he just wants to keep his business alive. When it shows up in his trade magazines it'll be real for him.
this is very true, and fear mongering video titles and statements like this video don't help.
@@jake-ip9vg Its definitely possible for food varieties to be wiped out, especially when many crops are monocultures and has already happened more than once. Pretending a problem doesnt exist doesnt help deal with the problem.
@@jake-ip9vghey so you know how banana flavoring has a different flavor than actual bananas? That flavor is from a variety of banana that is extinct because of disease (and mono cropping). It is not fear-mongering to raise such alarms.
The opening line "Imagine saying goodbye to the entire citrus section of the grocery store"
Already had me attention because I could never say good bye to my greatest friends😳
I grew up in Florida with plenty of trees in the yards of friends and relatives. Now I can’t grow a lemon to ripeness. It is painful to watch.
All our neighborhood's citrus trees were removed by the county in the 80's because of the canker outbreak... now this :(
Is this the same as citrus "greening"? All our trees succumbed years ago, so sad!
@@CharGC123 Yep, same thing. It seems to have a few different names, prolly depending on where it is.
From the USDA website: "Citrus Greening (Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus) is one of the most serious citrus plant diseases in the world. It is also known as Huanglongbing (HLB) or yellow dragon disease. Once a tree is infected, there is no cure. While the disease poses no threat to humans or animals, it has devastated millions of acres of citrus crops throughout the United States and abroad. Citrus greening is spread by a disease-infected insect, the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama or ACP), and has put the future of America's citrus at risk. Infected trees produce fruits that are green, misshapen and bitter, unsuitable for sale as fresh fruit or for juice. Most infected trees die within a few years."
@@CharGC123 yup it is. If you want citrus, just plant a finger lime, they're immune
Guacamole without lime juice would be the saddest guacamole. I'm glad to see people devoting their time and energy not only to making sure we keep these wonderful species around, but also see organizations devoted to distributing extra food to food insecure people so we all can enjoy it.
Right
Loved working on this one🍊🍋
01:31 Pomelo is not eaten during the spring festival.
柚子 or 文旦 is consumed during the mid-autumn festival, which is usually in September.
The Spring Festival is celebrated in January or February. No Pomelo during that time.
I was raised in So Cal during the 50's and 60's and witnessed the first great assault on the citrus industry when 10's of thousands of acres of the groves were bulldozed to make way for housing developments. We enjoyed the sweet smell of the blossoms when the trees bloomed, but didn't miss the black suffocating haze when the groves were heated with smug pots some nights during the winter.
I was also raised in SO CAL and remember my parents telling me that our house was built on top of orange groves and they had pictures of the area that would have been unrecognizable to anyone before the massive growth. Progress isn't very pretty at times.
Monoculture problems yet again - and the annoying habit of 'continuing' to import endless numbers of potentially affected trees around the world, despite knowing there is a problem.
It really is hard to imagine...and scary!
Yeah, I can't imagine a world without Old Fashioneds
🤣🤣🤣@@apocalypse487
"An ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure". It's interesting to learn how science is finding ways to combat Asian Citrus Psyllid and HLB, but this should mostly be a cautionary tale because _neither organism should ever have been allowed to enter the US in the first place._ It was not inevitable, is was result of poor biosecurity practice.
Considering how much is imported from China, and the tiny size of the insect, I don’t see how it could’ve been avoided without essentially closing our ports.
@@xsietube: The only way Asian Citrus Psyllid could've entered the country was on _infected plant material._ This isn't one little insect stowing away in cargo. The global trade in nursery stock and cut flowers is dangerous for agriculture and wildlife - profit for some, untold cost for everyone else.
@@damonroberts7372 exactly! Why is this so hard to grasp? As an Aussie, I dont' understand it! To us, bio-security is everything, we'd much rather spend on that than have to clean up the mess from letting diseases in!
That said, Australian experts have actually said they consider this entering the country to be inevitable & are also setting up quarantines within the country to keep some plants protected from it for research purposes & are investing heavily in research now, in preparation for it's arrival, but to date it has certainly not arrived, due to proper bio-security. I don't understand why the US doesn't go down that path too!
& PLENTY of live plants make their way into Australia btw, there's actually very limited restrictions on what can be brought in, there's a website "bicon" that can be used to check if seeds can be imported & if so, if any checks are required to do so, most don't need that. Live plants have to come from certified facilities in other countries, or spend time in quarantine facilities in Australia before they can be released into the community. Plants like orchids are grown overseas as standard for all supermarket sales ones, they're grown in certified facilities & are grown in sphagnum moss mostly, to avoid issues with soil/bark not being allowed in & they all just get a basic spray on their way in & are cleared effectively immediately because of the pre-import checks they're exposed to. No reason at all the US couldn't do the same thing, just a question of priorities, apparently the US doesn't mind destroying entire industries to save a few bucks short term. Crazy!
@@damonroberts7372Unfortunately at this point, with how easy international shipping has become it's to late to stop the majority of the damage. When if ever will we learn that messing with nature is a REALLY BAD IDEA!!
Living in Orlando, I fertilize my Meyer Lemon, Key Lime and Kaffir Lime trees with a lower concentration and more often. This helped with the "citrus canker" and has also helped with the "citrus greening". I grow trees in containers which are lower than 5 feet that I prune yearly. I consistently have a high output of juicy fruit and my trees always have healthy dark green shiny leaves.
Great work and findings!
Great video!!!!
Amazing research!
I wonder if the headline here is a bit alarmist? If this disease has been in Asia for a century--and I know for a fact that some citrus is still grown and produced there--then it strikes me as unlikely that all citrus varieties would be driven to extinction. If course, I am in favor of battling the disease and finding ways of mitigating the effects on farmers. It's just that this is not the only PBS Terra episode that has been somewhat alarmist recently.
agreed. I enjoy the PBS channels because they're /not/ annoyingly clickbaity, but this title definitely is, and the videos not exactly on topic...
@@twinsgardening896then why are you criticizing my criticism? This is another area where PBS Studios is falling down recently.
This is actually a MAJOR problem. Research from other sources if you don't trust this one, you will find the same story over & over.
I think the "solution" they are suggesting here is pretty ridiculous, basically a huge win for chemical companies, a huge loss for everyone else, the best potential solution I've seen being discussed is looking for immunity options for the trees with grafting etc, finger limes being the most promising link in relation to that, since they are totally immune to it, to the point that if you use finger lime root stock, you can grow any citrus without the disease. Finger lime root stock is really not something you want to use!!!!!! so they're playing around to see what else they can do with genetics to get the benefits without the losses
& it won't go to extinction, will just be pretty untenable to grow commercially, but some trees will still survive & give a couple of edible fruit each season
Yikes, and without bees that can also happen! We have really been making a big mess of our world 🌎. Banana or avocado as the next topic.
I think Jhonny Harris has covered bananas
Bananas have been covered pretty well thus far compared to avocados. I'd like to see a production from them on avocados
Thank you Niba
Can you cover the Black Fig Fly? It was recently introduced to Southern California and might have a huge effect on the fig industry since we don't have any good ways of controlling it yet (pesticides would have to go into the figs themselves, and it doesn't have any natural predators)
ffs what is wrong with your country? Why don't you use even basic bio-security at your borders? How can you get so many diseases through your borders?
Sure, it costs billions to do border security properly, but it saves you trillions if you do it, so it's well worth the expense!
I just tried lemon curd for the first time about a week ago, I'd be sad if it suddenly disappeared 😂
Very interesting! I had no idea this was even an issue!
How about covering Squash. The vine borers have knocked out most of my plants this year
00:48 黃龍病
( 黄龙病 )
a Mandarin term for the citrus greening disease
This is a great piece! And Christopher is so cute
Niba is amazingly perfect!
I know nobody is perfect. She's just amazing!
They need to target the mycorrhizal layer so that the trees can signal when another tree is infected and produce antibodies. It seems like the problem is it doesn't spread underground so the fungal colonies probably aren't being informed. Assuming they're even there...if not there's your problem.
Those finger limes look so cool! I want to try one
so do then :) They're a hugely popular plant to grow in Australia, cause they're really adaptable & fairly small & basically just the perfect home citrus plant - and they're totally immune to this disease! Not yet as easy to buy them in the US as it is in Australia, but it's getting easier & easier, so if you look, you can probably find both the plant & the fruit, the plant being the best option in most cases
I'd also like to hear about the science around the sugar content of ripe figs. I have heard that fructose is the main sugar (which is metabolically problematic by inducing uric acid in the liver), but that a rare sugar, allulose, is particularly high 30% in figs, which is unusual in most fruits. Allulose has some different metabolic beneficial effects that suggest it may offset some of the adverse effects of fructose. I want to know more.
Where can folks get that AWESOME pin? 7:55
What about finding a fungi species that attacks or eats HLB? Fungi are great at eating bacteria
I was thinking about this also. Or maybe even potentially a different type of bacteria, like trichoderma.
I love your hair!
I grew up in Southern California and it seemed like everyother house had some sort of citrus tree. Our backyard had 2 Tangerine and 2 Orange Trees and a lemon tree in front. I'm wondering if they aren't using the wrong approach in fighting this disease. Could they cure it at it's source? They only seemed to be treating the trees, but if you cured the insects of this disease wouldn't that stop it? Just seems they're not having much success with the current plan so a change or additional method is needed IMHO.
HLB=Citrus Greening. Grateful that it hasn't spread to my organic, semi-rural yarden citrus in north central Florida.
When I hear the word “Hope”, I hear “Game Over, You Lose”. Just like the Paris Agreement target of
its indeed really sad and depressing how all that leaders do is talk, but never do anything to achieve set goals. Its so scary cause it literally impacts the whole world... ;(
The one thing the world came together on was the ban of CFCs to prevent the ozone from depleting. So it is possible to hope.
@@alkaliaurange
Nope! Big nope!! The world addressed CFCs before social media came as a vehicle for conspiracy and denial. Now we have the far-right and alternative facts.
I'd like to see videos on tomatoes and wheat.
What if we use the bugs to carry the bacteria to the trees?
The bacteria is the disease. The bugs transmit the bacteria from tree to tree. That is why all the trees are dying.
Well I guess we're back to having scurvy again
You know berries have vastly more vitamin C than citrus right?
What about the banana disease? They said banana will go extinct by 2025, what is the progress?
Please, please do an audit of your audio balance issues for the music vs speech across PBS videos. This is yet another video that overwhelms the audio with intrusive "background" music, and this one's worse than normal as it's hurting my ears with headphones a bit at comfortable volumes for the part that actually matters: speech.
There is at least one editor on staff who needs to fix their audio balance issues.
Does this bacteria happen to be a 'quorum-sensing' bacteria?
I love citrus tho 😢
I'm deathly allergic to citrus fruit so there's a part of me saying, hahaha, if I can't have it then no one can!!! But it would make my friends sad so I guess we can save them. Just stop putting them in everything, they make me so sick!
Could try finding something that would kill the fly larvae, like a bacteria or fungus.
I never want an agrochemical company touching my food or anyone else's. The issue of plant disease comes down to one issue over production of a plant in a small area with very little diversity. If grown in a farm with other trees to confuse insects and dilute possible food source for these insects and disease. Most citrus is originally from South Asia and it being spread across the entire equater, in sometimes imperfect biomes, with little ecological place, makes it more susceptible to disease. If we could just learn to be ok with the plants and animals around us for food issues like this would be much lower. It is human manipulation of nature and not understanding the enheirent principles that leads us to more amd more and more involvement in something that we could allow to grow naturally. Yes that would mean patients when a new disease hits and yes that means we wouldn't always have the a food whenever we want it. But it would mean seasonal food that tastes incredible and is denser in nutrients.
Are there efforts saving seeds of these citrus varieties in case of extinction?
Probably not in the US, it doesn't seem to care about that sort of stuff.
Australia doesn't have this disease, due to proper bio-security measures to stop it getting in, but Australia has been setting up large scale greenhouses basically in the middle of the desert, therefore far enough from any naturally growing citrus plants, that even if it gets in, those areas will be protected & a wide range of citrus plants are being grown in those facilities, so that there will always be virus free plants in existence (mostly so as to have them available for research purposes to combat this virus
Growing citrus in large groves is a very bad idea. Distributing local produce is a very good idea. There are wild citrus trees growing in the Everglades and on some empty lots, producing fruit while nearby groves have been wiped out. I was wondering if bacteria from other trees may be the secret?
What about fungi, mycelium, 🍄?
Not to criticize the video, I thought the video was great, but I think it's important to dispel notions like "good" and "bad" bacteria. There is no such thing. All bacteria are just doing their thing to try to survive, same as any other living thing. "Good" and "bad" don't describe the bacteria, they describe what we humans think about what the bacteria is doing. Ultimately it still is a useful way to describe the situation, but assigning morality to microbes is ultimately just something we humans do and not anything to do with the microbes themselves
The price of Orange juice is crazy. I hope they can help get priced lower
Science solved the illness that affected Hawai'ian Papaya, it can solve this too, so long as the idiots who believe in misinformation are ignored.
NOOOOO MY GRAPE FRUITTTSSSSSSSS
The music is a bit too loud compared to the speaking volume, it kinda makes it hard to hear :/
Edit: The video is also jumping around a lot to other topics unrelated to the title. If it's going to be about a diseases *and* food banks, that should be reflected in the title...
No more citrus or bananas? 😢
It mean Vitamin C and Potassium 😢😮
Having just begun watching, my first thought was NOOOO! We literally NEED citrus, or at least a source of citric acid! That would be HORRIBLE! also,many co k tails would be terrible sans citrus 😋
As a WM professional... the guy with the avocado farm is going for a press tour. Imagine a world where you can sell your product to a certain government company. And reap profits. The win win win message is definitely about selling to the homeless when the product was intended for restraunts (I am definitely in favor of this. Just want people to know this is a business decision, not a humanitarian one)
Tldr I love PBS I just feel like their research is understaffed. Please post more stats and sources of their funding. For example, imagine a wold where the avocado farmer didn't inherent the land.... PBS let's do a segway on how property ownership favors YT people....
WM professional?
YT people?
Indian Citrus growers also facing same problem with any knowledge without resources they only looking death of there plants
Why did Arkansas gobble up half of Louisiana on that map?
That's plain funny lol
Yes the missing program pood and mineral so green packing the nuttrisi . .
Ok thank's much . . .
No more lemons!? Nooooo 😭😭😭
Loss of vitamin C 😢😮
Engineering trees to produce themselves ... why don't say thanks to GMO?
“This bacteria doesn’t affect humans” famous last words 😅
4:20 if it’s going to the tree to treat the insect- what does the fda say about it getting into humans? I’m not trying to get antibiotics immunity!
Hey where did Mr trump go🤣🤣🤣
Please do a better job on the editing in the future. The volume of the music track is louder than it needs to be. It overpowered the voice track.
Isn’t monoculture partly to blame?
bio-security failin & letting it into the country in the first place is far more to blame!
While vodka vodka does have an appeal, vodka orange is better.
The background music is unnecessary. It's too loud at times and distracts from the content.
Hello and thank you for the comment. We've now seen a few folks mentioning this, and we'll be making some adjustments for future episodes. Appreciate your feedback.
Americans: We might lose citrus, bacterial problems, billions of dollars of science.
Mexicans: I put a net on my tree jejejejejjejejejjejejeje
I can guarantee china did that on purpose 😂
UCR rep
As long as they can still make citric acid in a lab like they do now I'll be OK. Now if fish sauce goes extinct I'm in serious trouble, and go ahead and send me a casket if chiles are going extinct.
You know there is more to orange/lemon/grapefruit juice than citric acid right? Why would the tree bother utilizing and spending energy on a mind-numbingly complex metabolic pathway invested in fruit and juice production if they only needed to put citric acid into the mix? One doesn't just simply synthesize a complex biological product.
@@locomike1219 Cool story. Meanwhile, from the American Chemical Society:
"Citric acid is a major industrial chemical, produced at >2 million t/year worldwide. Its main source is not from fruit, but from the fermentation of crude sugars (e.g., molasses and corn starch) by the mold Aspergillus niger."
@@locomike1219 You should really study a little chemistry before saying something this ignorant in the future, BTW. How do you think plants make stuff like citric acid in the first place? Or why do we humans produce acetone? (pro tip: It's chemistry)
@@aickSeems you cannot read. The flavors of citric fruits comes down to more than citric acid.
@@locomike1219 there are other pathways to creating Citric acid. Commercially, it is made from feeding sugars to black mold and then fermenting it.
The music is unnecessary and distracting
Ask a microbiological lab to find the antigen for these bugs and then inoculate trees
This is not hard to solve 🎉🎉🎉
Yeah, citrus is a 3.6 billion dollar industry and nobody thought of it. If you conjure up an easy or obvious solution and you’re not an expert, there’s probably something wrong with it. You aren’t smarter than everyone in the ag industry.
Describing La Habra Heights as "rural" is laughable. It's an affluent hillside community in L.A. County. Horses and large plots of land does not define rural.
It kinda does though? Level of wealth isn’t what dictates if an area is rural or not. Land use does. If your thinking is correct, then all of wine country where I live would not be considered rural even though we are an agricultural community.
America isn't the world lol citruses aren't going to disappear
Dissatisfied with the unnecessary dog whistle rainbow, and I'm an ally.
supporting minorities isn't a dogwhistle. You're using that word wrong.
@@twinsgardening896Lincoln sez: "It is better to remain silent and appear stupid than to open one's mouth and remove all doubt."
To those seeking truth: "Dog whistle" is using coded words and phrases to communicate with only a percentage of the population in a manner to influence them.
Example: A quick, unnecessary shot unrelated to the narrative of a rainbow "Diversity" emblem from the desk of the somewhat obviously non-hetero interview subject.
Sick of this from PBS Studios recently. "No Labels" means it really shouldn't matter.
BTW, I have been raised in the SF Bay area and am an exceedingly tolerant Progressive Socialist.
@@SolaceEasy I'm really torn on this one, on one hand I feel like you, on the other, for those who have not heard that joke before, it's probably funny & enjoyable to them (if it doesn't go over their heads). The "diversity" in this setting was a biologist supporting diversity of bacteria - although the joke obviously has diverse meanings in this case (which is how it's usually used by biologists)
Don't lie, you're not an ally.