Sterilization Techniques | Dry Heat Sterilization By Hot Air Oven | Hot Air Oven | Sterilization

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Sterilization refers to any process that removes, kills, or deactivates all forms of life (in particular referring to microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, spores, unicellular eukaryotic organisms such as Plasmodium, etc.) and other biological agents like prions present in a specific surface, object or fluid, for example, food or biological culture media
Dry heat sterilization- In this method, specimens containing bacteria are exposed to high temperatures either by flaming, incineration or a hot air oven. Flaming is used for metallic devices like needles, scalpels, scissors, etc. Incineration is used especially for inoculating loops used in microbe cultures. The metallic end of the loop is heated to red hot on the flame. The hot air oven is suitable for dry material like powders, some metal devices, glassware, etc.
Dry heat is primarily used to sterilize instruments and heat-resistible glass and instrument parts. The heat transfer by dry heat is less effective than by airless, saturated steam, because steam is able to transport the heat quicker than by condensation just air. Apart from that proteins can be easier denatured in a wet environment than in a dry one. This is the reason why higher temperatures and longer times are needed in dry heat in comparison to steam sterilization processes. The dry heat sterilization is carried out in a closed chamber. Larger chambers work with forced air circulation, e.g. a ventilator circulates the air in order to generate a constant temperature and a faster heat exchange. According to pharmacopeias and WHO recommendations the temperature should be between 150 and 250°C with a sterilization time between 30 and 180 min
Working Principle - Sterilization by dry heat is performed by conduction. The temperature is consumed by the surface of the objects, then moves towards the core of the object, coating by coating. The whole object will ultimately attain the temperature needed for sterilization to take place.
Dry heat causes most of the injury by oxidizing particles. The primary cell components are damaged and the organism dies. The temperature is kept for about an hour to eliminate the most ambitious of the resistant spores
Items that are sterilized in a hot air oven include:
1. Glassware (like petri dishes, flasks, pipettes, and test tubes)
2. Powders (like starch, zinc oxide, and sulfadiazine)
3. Materials that contain oils
4. Metal equipment (like scalpels, scissors, and blades)
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