Bianili-Urartu: The Iron Age Civilization Lost to the Greeks & Romans (and everyone else!)
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- Опубликовано: 11 июн 2024
- SOURCES:
The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia, McMahon & Steadman
The Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, vol. IV, Radner et al
Ecology & Empire: The Structure of the Urartian State, Zimansky
Xenophon & the Urartian Legacy, Zimansky
One quick note about the term "Anatolia". Technically speaking, yes, the Kingdom of Urartu occupied the Armenian Highlands. However, the recently published Oxford History of the Ancient Near East, as well as the Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia, two of the best souces on Urartu, and two of my major sources, utilize the term extensively, and that has been reflected in the script.
Please make a video on the Georgian polity of Colchis (Egrisi), please
Urartu is Armenia and the Urartians was Armenians🇦🇲🇦🇲🇦🇲
They didn't even speak Indo-European...
@@eid8fkebe7f27ejdjdjduyhsvqhwu2 of course 80% words is Indo-European Armenian!
The fortresses of Urartu were not destroyed and abandoned during the Achaemenids. Archaeologists find Achaemenid and Hellenistic layers at these sites.
In Armenian schools we are taught about the history of Urartu, and it is considered to be a prehistoric Armenian kingdom. Names like Argishti and Menua(also an Urartian king) are common names in Armenia. Nairi was an Armenian kingdom as well.
Thanks for your work. This is the first ever video I've seen about Urartu.
Is their historical continuity? Urartian is not Indo-European, Armenian is.
@@mikloscsuvar6097So what? There are many words in armenian today that come from urartian and/or hurrian. It was possible that urartian was only used by the ruling class and/or that the armenians borrowed a lot from the later median or old persian, both of which were Indo-European. Also there was a very short amount of time between the fall of Urartu and founding of Armenia and we don't have any evidence to even suggest a possibility that ancient armenians were Scythian or Cimmerian so them being indigenous or Urartian is our best guess. Also maybe the Hurrian connection stems from trade or political dominance of Hurrians in the lake Van area in the 1500s or maybe the Urartian ruling class really were Hurrians ruling over an armenian population. Nevertheless I think that calling Urartu the first armenian kingdom is a fair stance to take and I personally see it as most probable.
It is considered to be, and there are some borrowed words, that may seem to prove it, but I know Armenian, Russian and English, and Armenian is very close to Urartian(from what we know), way closer than to any other language. Many basic words like tree, wall, wine, etc are virtually the same. My theory is that the Yamnaya people, who were the proto-indo-europeans, couldnt pass the Caucasus mountains to the region where Urartians and Armenians lived. @@mikloscsuvar6097
@mikloscsuvar6097 I mean if modern Egyptians can claim Ancient Egyptians, and Greeks the Minoans then Armenians can claim Urartians as well.
@mikloscsuvar6097 probable ethnic and cultural continuity.
The Magyar brought a turkic language to a slavic land and now there are generally slavic people speaking a turkic language in Europe with very very little turkic DNA.
So it's very possible the Armenian language came to people who were already there which has happened many times in history.
There are many underrated civilizations from Asian Minor...
When I studied Armenian History at Uni it was basically stated that Urartu was a prehistoric Armenia.
yeah... despotic states desperately to find their own ancient ruins to give them legitimacy
Such wonderful detail in sifting through the sands of time. Thank you so much.
Much awaited, much appreciated looking forward to excellent insights as always from you
I always wondered what Sam the Eagle got up to after the Muppet Show was cancelled.
Great Video. never heard knew Uratu was so big. That's why I love that channel.
Love this channel, always learn something new. Never even heard about this civilisation before
Great video, Armenian history just goes back so far, found out a lot of new things that I didn’t know before
Very interesting. I had no idea, probably not a surprise, of the existence of Urartu.
great video on a fascinating subject. Thank you!
please consider making a video on the Georgian Polity of Colchis (Egrisi)
Fascinating - thank you!
Very interesting video! Thank you for sharing :)
You’re welcome!
Excellent!
Great vid!
thanks for shedding some light on ancient assyrian state urartu of anatolia, part of prehistoric kingdom of assyria
good program, these people are of much interest as are all the ancients
Right before your video comes to an end, what is that picture of the hill in the background?
Very cool video! Is there any more info about Friedrich Schulz murder? The wikipedia page for him just says he was murdered along with two Persian officers by Kurds near Başkale, but no mention as to why or why he was with two Persian officers in the first place
Unfortunately I do not know. That’s all that was both on Wikipedia and in the Oxford histories
I found a little more on the german wikipedia, it says the local ruler named Nur Ullah Bey ordered his murder, they thought he was a turkish spy because of him talking to locals and taking many notes in the process
I just responded here with more information about Friedrich Schulz but now i cant see my comment, did it get blocked by RUclips or something? 😮
@@justincris1685 I don't know! I can only see this comment
@@carver3147 i'll try again, so i found some more information about his death on the german wikipedia, it says that a local ruler named "Nur Ullah Bey" ordered the murder of Friedrich Schulz because he thought he was a turkish spy as Friedrich was seen speaking to locals and taking notes
A great video and I learned a lot so thank you. I'll admit to some frustration because I find myself wondering... What did they eat? What kind of houses did the common people build? What did they wear? What kind of military did they have? What was their day-to-day life like? Which can't be answered because none of the texts we have as sources wrote any of that down. So please don't take that as a criticism of this great video
Well, maybe archeologists can find some answers someday. Until then I'll just have to wonder.
Is there a connection between the Iberians and the Iberian Peninsula? I know that in some maps, Albanians are locatet somewhere near the Caspian Sea too.
That isn't the Aegean where Urartu reaches the Mediterranean Sea on your map. It is the Levantine Sea. The Aegean is between Greece and Turkey, with Crete on its southern periphery.
P.S. What is best in life?
I am amazed how people in that time thought it was important to erase any information before they occupied that area or they only thought they were important and the previous people were not.
Happens even today. In my country, Hungary, we don't give nearly enough attention to the celts, avars, slavs, and Germans who once lived here. Turkey is even more aggressive with erasing history.
Does anyone know when/why the language shift from Urartian to Armenian occurred?
The legend says that Hayk, the founding father of Armenians fought a battle against Bel(King of Babylon), and killed him during the battle for the independence of his tribe in 2492 BC. From his name came the name of the nation "Hay" as Armenians call themselves, and "Hayq" was the name of the Armenian empire.
We have so little information on the languages of the time (compared to the wealth of texts and inscriptions in the iron age) that we'll likely never know for sure how that happened, though urartian vocabulary suggests that proto-armenian speakers were likely a part of their empire from the outset.
I wonder to what extent the Urartu are DNA tied to modern Armenians
I imagine quite significantly. As I understand it, though Armenians are primarily Indo European in Y haplogroup, it is a thin veneer and their autosomal DNA generally reflects very deep roots in the area that predate the arrival of newcomers in the mid Bronze Age/
Learned about Urartu from reading assyrian history.
Gilzanu - modern Gilan?
The Iranians are showing up in time to at least hear about Urartu. Did eastern histories not preserve any of this? Sometimes things are unknown only to the west.
Real life lost ancient civilisation
Sounds like Fozzie Bear is narrating.
Around 1:50 you double spoke.
I’ve removed that via the YT editor. It should be resolved once the video is finished updating in about an hour
3:55 Friedrich Schultz, killed by Nurullah Bey, who thought Schultz was an Ottoman spy.
bump
Oi,,, the ten thousand Greeks & yea they were all Greek mercenaries 'not just mainly Greeks!
They were never defeated in those battles & just because the supported brother to be king got a bit excited an got himself killed,,, that don't mean that the 10000 were defeated in battle!
Dude you made a big mistake!
I'm sorry, but your map of the Anabasis at 0:32 is plainly wrong, with the arrow going the exact opposite way, and I don't understand how the route can be so debated as you claim. Sardis is clearly mentioned as a starting point of the Anabasis, yet you have it as the end point. The Colchians are mentioned, the famous episode where they reach the sea is specified as being the Euxine sea, next to the city of Trapezous/Trebizond (Book 4, final chapter), and yet you have them come from there? Their excursion against the Thracians is also at the very end, yet you have it at the very beginning before even the battle of Cunaxa?!
Are you really suggesting this is a route anyone proposed in earnest or is the arrow direction simply a mistake?
The arrow direction is a mistake on my end, but no one has satisfactorily recreated the exact route. Zimansky’s “Xenophon & the Urartian Legacy” is a good starting point for that particular topic
Such wonderful detail in sifting through the sands of time. Thank you so much!
Matthew LaCroix is turning this reseach on its head. He specializes in cuneiform, and is currently working on a documentary with Brien Foerster, Billy Carsen, and Paul Wallis that will cover Peru, Turkiye, and a few other countries with amazing megaliths. Similarly to other locations wherein people repurposed/repopulated/reutilized the constructs of an older civilization, Urartu is built on top of a much older civilization; Matt's research indicates that Ayanis Kalesi, Cavus Tepe, Kef Kalesi, and other sites at Lake Van (which extend under the water) are megalithic basalt, and have been declared by geologists to have been submerged since before the Younger Dryas) date back to the same era as Gobekli Tepe and Karahan Tepe. He goes in depth on his podcasts about the relative writings between the Sumerians, Babylonians, Assyrians, Akkadians, and Mesopotamians. The Flood myth (Atrahasis, Gilgamesh, Enuma Elish, Genesis) is a story that is recycled every era, kept alive in new stories but global.
Modern day 'history' records 'Noah and his 3 sons', but 2,000 years before Genesis was written for the Old Testament it was the Epic of Gilgamesh, a chronicle of a much older tale, and the elements are almost the same: Utnapishtim and his family are rulers of a King line and are commanded to survive the cleansing of the world and rebuild civilization. This myth was already myth when Sumer was at its height, and so it (to them) was as Genesis is to us (3,000 years old).
Throughout history mankind has dug in the dirt and found wondrous treasures. The peoples of any locale always revere the ruins as 'works of the Gods', meaning 'men of great renowned, long dead', case in point the Inca who told the Spanish that they did NOT build Machu Picchu (easily proven: look at the reconstruction efforts the Inca made of small stones stacked on seamless, mortarless megaliths), and how Machu Picchu and the entire plateau of Tiwanaku are constructed similarly to the Osirieon in Egypt, as well as the megaliths on Rapa Nui.)
We are living in a world built many times over by our ancestors. It is only racism and ego that disallows us to see that we are only taking over the leavenings of our ancestors. There is no 'forward technological progression', only 'the current Paradigm of thinking'. After all: Space studies are showing that life forms in comets and meteors and is deposited on planets as those bodies cross the space boundaries to their parent star; organic molecules are developed within the space bodies as they heat up on approach, the water bound to the rock super heating and collapsing over and over, 'cavitating' the elements and fusing organic compounds such as adenine and guanine (we've known that since the 1980s). Hence: Life has been developing since the solar system was forming; these comets and meteors date back to that time. I.e., LIFE IS THE PURPOSE OF THE UNIVERSE. It is all a Golden Ratio, a cosmic fractal. The biggest illusion we are fed from birth is that God is separate from the creation; we are the subquanta harmonies within the nuclei of the atoms in God's head (google Cosmic Web and human brain)
"It isn't what you know that limits you; its what you know that just aint so." --Me
Carthage.
...inem esse delendam censeo.
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