Why We Stopped Making Progress on Malaria
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- Опубликовано: 4 окт 2024
- After decades of improvement, the number of malaria deaths is on the rise again. So scientists are experimenting with a new kind of mosquito control, and it's not an insecticide.
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My friend lives on the edge of a small forest teeming with bats. In an area with lots of mosquitos, he has little problem with mosquitos.😊
IIRC, bats will eat three times their weight in mosquitoes every day. YAY, BATS!!!
It’s not like bat conservation can’t go hand in hand with mosquito elimination.
In India mosquito killing rackets were all the rage for a while, they're essentially tennis rackets with electrified nets.
However when I was a kid I realized eventually the mosquitos would stay away as soon as I turned the switch on, but would rage towards me as soon as i turned it off.
So pretty much the insects in the area got used to evading these rackets and learnt that they were dangerous
Wow, that sounds interesting. I have seen them here in colombia, but they aren't very popular. How can they learn that they are dangerous? If they get striked, they are already dead, and if not, they didn't had an experience to remember.
As a northwest Minnesota resident, I can tell you those work very well at killing those little monsters. If you live in the US, Harbor Freight Tools...$5
Oh I got one of those rackets too! I'm from America though and we mostly used it for flies. But I swear the same thing happened with the flies, like they were extra vigilant when the racket was turned on.
@@pepopipo974In short, the one who did not get near the racket survive, and produce offspring that also don't want to get near the racket.
My older brother used to chase me around with those, and dared me to touch/lick them . . . This has nothing to do with the conversation but I am just curious if anyone else shares my experience of getting tortured with these devices 😅
Mosquitos are really dealing eith me over here in Nigeria...... Just recovered from a life threating series of malaria
Stay safe man, maybe some day we can develop a cure…
@@DefnitelyNotFredI mean, we have a cure. Anti malarial and anti parasitic drugs already exist. But they’re cost restrictive so only the people who are traveling to endemic areas can afford them. The tricky part is prevention and eradication.
@@DefnitelyNotFredwe have a cure but the disease is just stubborn, especially celebral malaria
I'm here patiently waiting for Mohawk Hank to make his debut on scishow
Hope that you're getting enough rest, Hank! ❤
We need more animals that eat mosquitos, or even other bugs as cities get more and more swarmed by tics and flies. More protected spaces for frogs, hedgehogs and birds in urban spaces.
The "Elephant Mosquito".
Elephant Mosquito's larvae eat Malaria mosquito larvae, and when they grow up, they just drink nectar of fruits, and cause no harm to humans.
this is great in theory but, there is a ton of research that need to be done before you can release that could potentially become another invasive species. so its not a "quick fix" and each area for release of will need to be accessed individually.
@Swiftkitteen88 They seem to be advocating for more green space that encourages native mosquito predators to be in an area, not advocating for releasing anything.
or we need less humans.
@@ryaneyleeare you volunteering? Make our population smaller 🎉
Is it me, or have mosquitoes been getting QUIETER?
Those little monsters used to be able to keep you up at night, even if they weren't looking for a place to land and eat. That high-pitched buzzing...I had my hearing checked and it's still whatever above average is, in spite of decades of music damage...I can hear the little bleeping lights when my laptop recharges, from across the room.
So when did 'skeeters develop stealth rotary wing technology?
Thanks Hank. Dont work too hard while you get well but do know I appreciate all the knowledge I've accrued directly from the awesome things you've done.
From the sound of it, there is a problem with that new solution though. It potential for it to block detoxification for other beings as well and then the old insecticide becomes more deadly for other beings as well.
Yes!! I'm surprised he didn't discuss that :/
Hope you get well soon Hank
I get worried about how Malaria, Dengue, Zyka and Chikungunya still don't have vaccines and we still struggle we the Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes
Luckily, I never had Dengue, but I recently had Chikungunya and it's terrible... And it's sad that we just treat the symptoms
I hope we can develop vaccines and more ways to fight those mosquitoes
Malaria is just plain nasty. I had a p-.virax infection a few weeks ago. The nasty one is P. falciparum. I have lost a friend and a friend has lost their son, both from good affluent ( as in manager or business owners families, not just the poor as many believe are the victims. it is a matter of hours between life and death.). Cerebral malaria is fast on-set and without prompt treatment is fatal.I believing that is the one rampant in Africa. I know someone working for the Bill and Melinda foundation in Goroka. Sylvia or was it Cynthia, beats me, all I know is her hubby has terrific Coffee. Bill using his wealth this way is making a difference. Hopefully one day it will be a side note in history, albeit a side note that has taken more lives than every war ever fought by man. The tinfoil hat wearers beware but global warming will make millions more vulnerable each year.
Is it still named that after the divorce?
Celebral malaria is extremely bad. You get hallucinations and stuff
Hank is such a Chad. Imagine going through what he is dealing with and still making episodes like this. Absolute legend, and I mean that as a fact, not a meme.
True that. I wonder when this was filmed considering he doesnt have the mohawk
Knowing what I know about video production, this was probably shot weeks or even months ago.
What is he dealing with?
@@thangri-la Cancer, undergoing chemo, if I am not wrong.
@@thangri-la Hank has Hodgkin's lymphoma, which is one of the most treatable kinds of cancer. Which is not to say it _isn't_ cancer. I believe he's finished with his first round of chemotherapy, but there's more to go. He has every chance of making a full recovery, and so far he looks great.
I was thinking: why not block the receptor sites?
Hank: there's a chemical that blocks the receptor sites.
Thank you for being back. I have missef your cute face. I was clise to giving up , thinking you were never going to be on Sci show ever again. You are the one that makes the show for a lot of us.😊
That’s amazing. Thank God for science!!!
I am surprised that you completely failed to mention the malaria vaccine (RTS,S) that has finally passed through testing and is in use today - the three dose vaccine has a 77% effectiveness which will save hundreds of thousands of lives today and will help save millions more as the climate warms and malaria carrying mosquito populations move north/south away from the equator. Controlling mosquito populations is far less important when we can avoid the issue that we are controlling the mosquito population for.
People are over vaccines after what happened with the Covid/Thalidomide genocide.
I've traveled to several areas of the world where malaria is still prevalent and taken anti-malarial drugs to avoid getting infected, but it was still a worry. A malaria infection lasts a lifetime and is reoccurring.
It depends on the type. The really deadly one, falciparum, does not recur. Vivax, the one popping up here, can cause long term infection, but that can be cured with the right treatment.
Nope. I’m Kenyan and got it at least 20 times when i was a kid. I suddenly stopped getting malaria when i was 11. I’m 22 now and living in the same environment. I think when you get exposed to it many times as a kid your immunity adapts. My dad still gets it though
I wrote a paper about a proposition from a team of geneticists and biologists to wipe out anopheles mosquitos using genetic "population bombs." The more the malaria issues persist, the more I think it is a great idea....
anything that kills a shitton of mosquitos sounds like a great idea to me
I would like to know more, especially if you took into account the economic side of it, I think is in Singapore that they do something like releasing male mosquitos with a bacteria that prevents females from reproducing, but that technique is expensive, and mosquitos are the most problematic in south America, sub saharan Africa, and South east Asia, all low income regions that don't have the resources to fund programs like that on their own
@pepopipo974 this was a little different in that it was a one and done operation using the actual DNA of the mosquitoes to completely eradicate only the anopheles mosquitoes.
@@StarScapesOG could you please tell me where it's published?
What about the ecologicas desaster this could bring?
Hank Green is a legend.
I don’t think malaria is going anywhere unless we can get mosquitoes that are resistant to catching and transmitting it. Releasing huge numbers of mosquitoes that can’t catch malaria might make a big dent in it.
Regional cyclic disease combating strategies, coordinated such that resistant strains have to migrate at least two regions per cycle to find a pocket using the strategy that it has developed a resistance to. I think it would require 6 separate strategies, though 5 might be sufficient. Idea centred on the four colour theorem, though four colours are not sufficient to adequately cycle.
PBO has been part of Pyrethrin products for home use for many years. It's listed on the label of the stuff I use to control mites on my houseplants.
Additionally, people are talking about the importance of mosquitoes to the ecosystem. They are important pollinators for certain plants, and are an important food source for bats, birds and other insects. BUT the mosquito species that carries malaria is generally not the only mosquito species in an area, nor is it the only species that pollinates the plants (usually it is both mosquito species and gnat species).
Yes, that's why we should still focus more on the gene drive eradication of mosquitos that transmit disease to humans rather than wholesale eradication of insects in an area.
@@NickHorvath Why not eradication of plasmodium itself?
Wasnt anticipating Hank! Hi Hank! Hope you're feeling okay today 😌
Since I live in Florida, a mosquito's flight from Sarasota (where two cases of malaria were recently confirmed) I will now exclusively be drinking gin and tonic as the quinine is a natural anti-malarial drug.
I know you're kidding, but I'm still putting it out there that the concentration is too low to be effective now
The problem is that the amount of quinine in tonic water is a fraction of the dose you’d need for it to actually work as a deterrent.
Well then I'll just have to drink a LOT!
(But yeah, mostly joking.)
@@iwontliveinfear I know, I learned that factoid years ago as well and love to drop it whenever G&Ts come up.
Pyrethroid resistance is also becoming an ever growing problem in agriculture, great to know that there is progress being made to fight it!
I saw a while back that of all the humans who've ever lived, HALF died from malaria.
D:
Sounds like a guess. Even if true, the stats are changing fast. Like 700K people die from malaria a year, almost 3 orders of magnitude less than the current birth rate (140,000K/yr)
Other half died of ligma
@@civotamuaz5781tf is ligma? Is it dangerous?
@@Dan2yefaYou poor, poor, soul.
Greetings from Vienna, Austria. In Europe, we have recently seen a number of locally acquired mosquito-borne diseases turn up, including Malaria, West Nile Fever, Dengue Fever and Zika.
Can a breed of mosquito be both resistant to carrying malaria and insecticide? And can those trait be linked? If so, then spreading malaria resistant gene it in the mosquito population would be quick.
I think we should seed waterbodies with dragonflies to deal with mosquitoes
Dragonflies, daytime butterflies and ladybugs are the only cute flying bugs anyway.
Dragonflies already do that.
What happened to the plan a few years ago to release genetically modified mosquitos to make it so they can't breed? Last I heard, it was a huge success. Surprised that wasn't even mentioned in this video. Edit: Sci Show just answered my question in a short! Thanks Sci Show! ruclips.net/user/shortszhtE8swAgQ0
This is still being used but it's hard to scale up to the extend that's needed
Yeah the one that made all the human babies born in the area have miniature heads.
The problem with that is, mosquitoes are actually really important for the ecosystem
@@jaxturner7288that was the Zika virus
Sci Show just answered my question in a short! Thanks Sci Show! ruclips.net/user/shortszhtE8swAgQ0
Does PBO persist in the environment / can it affect other organisms? That hopefully is also being researched before any widespread use.
Much ❤️ Hank, great video!
PBO is so common to use with pyrethroids, im surprised it wasnt commonly used on mosquitos until now.
i wonder if they're also adapting to deet/repellents bc i got multiple mosquito bites this week in manhattan while wearing 25% deet repellant.
I think I once heard they are, which is why the best repellants combine DEET and permethrin. That, and some people (like me) are just mosquito magnets. If you were wearing dark clothes, have type O blood, had recently eaten banana, and were exercising (thereby releasing a lot of CO2), unless you had just recently doused yourself in eucalyptus and wore a St Lucia crown of citronella candles, the mosquitoes will come.
Why not spray water + dish soap (or something specific that lowers water surface tension) then they can't lay their eggs properly or at all, so way less mosquitos?
Pretty sure that’s impractical on a larger scale.
That last enzyme sounds like the makings of an action thriller movie where it is turned on humans to make them susceptible to some otherwise innocuous chemical.
Do you have a video on why it is so hard to make a vaccine against malaria? If not, would you consider making one?
That would be a good video. Lots of reasons including but not limited to: complex variable life cycle, it's a parasite (so shares some basic antigens with human cells) and lives inside human cells so you have to destroy the cell to get to it (except for one stage of the life cycle). And they're just a few reasons why it's not like a vax for bacteria or viruses.
Malaria isn't a virus, it's actually a parasite which infects both humans and certain species of mosquito. There is a vaccine, but it only provides a few years of immunity and is mostly given to children.
R21 is a vaccine that has gone through enough testing to be distributed. It’s not very effective though, it just barely meets the minimum requirements. Malaria also evolves extremely quickly, like the common cold, so making a vaccine that stays relevant is difficult. It’s not as diverse as the common cold, so a vaccine is still possible, but it’s a similar problem.
Additionally, it’s a parasite, not a bacteria. It doesn’t work the same way as bacteria. That makes the problem even more complex.
@@Phlosioneer what the heck are you talking about malaria evolving quickly like common cold? Malaria is a disease caused by any of at least 6 species of parasites. These parasites are difficult to tackle because they enter and hide out inside liver and blood cells where the immune cells cannot enter nor detect their presence. And these plasmodium parasites, being a higher order living thing than bacteria or viruses, can resist and evade antibodies much better (they are parasites, after all, it's what they're evolved to do), and any vaccine attempt also introduce evolutionary pressure on them to adapt.
Well-timed video with four locally-acquired cases in Florida...
Do we have any updates on the efforts of weaponizing wolbachia to combat malaria?
I wonder how effective it would be to use _Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis_ in places where mosquitoes have developed these resistances. My hometown sprayed this to kill mosquito larvae without the risk of harming beneficial insects like bees, and I use a different strain of BT in my garden as a pesticide against squash borers.
Doesn’t BT affect caterpillars as well?
"Life finds a way"...
i always have high hopes with _Beaucaria_ fungi on insect control (i have _B. bassiana_ with me to control aphids and mealybugs and it’s super effective, so far) and for mosquito control, tho i don’t know why we’re yet to develop mass _Beaucaria_ fungi to control major insect pests, like mosquitoes and locusts.
also, unrelated, hope things will go better to you, mr. green, and get well very soon!
Wouldn’t P450-jamming sprays have a lot of collateral damage? Even more so than the original pesticides?
Pre-Mohawk.
I remember a scishow episode about releasing sterile mosquitos as a way to reduce their reproduction numbers. whats going on with that?
AFAIK it's still not reasonable for widespread use in the poor areas where Malaria hits hard.
man i was hoping wed get to see the mohawk this time around
I wish I didn’t care about humanity as much as the next person.
How can’t this be one of the most viewed videos of „at least“ the week
Great read 10/10
What about Mosquito Enzyme dunks, The Enzyme pellets that you put in the water that they breed in, That kills the eggs before they hatch?
Where I live, they sometimes use little fishes that eat the larvae, but many times they reproduce in water tanks intended for drinking
They can also reproduce in puddles so long as they don't dry up too fast. It's not terribly realistic to go around sprinkling pellets into every puddle
What were the effects on genera other than Anopholes from the Ghana study? Was that looked at? I worry about the adverse side effects of these insecticides; look at the bird and insect populations with these studies!
Pyrethroids kill most common flying insects including bees and most aquatic organisms up to and including fish. This is very much not a good way to solve this problem.
Anopheles mosquitoes transmit malaria.
Love ya hank
What do the pbo's do to people?
i just read an article about malaria popping up in florida and texas. not brought from different countries.
Did we stop making progress on fighting malaria or did we barely ever make any progress against it if we don't count killing skeeters? I mean they aren't the protists that directly attack our cells in the first place anyway.
My thoughts exactly. As far as I am aware, virtually no effort at all has been directed toward knobbling the malaria parasite - just the insects.
Will you cover Belize's advancements in malaria prevention?
i like to go back to the old ways. haven't seen a mosquito survive my electric swatter yet.
What I'm wondering is if PBO also works on humans causing us to have less of an ability to detoxify ourselves.
For being able to do that, PBO should somehow impede the work of the liver, kidneys, lungs, bowels, and the lymphatic system. Which would need a level of exposure toxic by itself, and, we would have noticed it by now, if people, specially children and the elderly, and/or people who are exposed to PBO at a higher level, were showing consistent rates of liver, kidney or lung failure.
We are bigger than mosquitoes. The amount of toxics required to kill a mosquito are really small in comparison to what is needed to sicken a human being. Our bodies are remarkably efficient at cleaning themselves; most of what is sold as "detox" as little to no real effect.
Malaria and war keep interrupting my linguistic travel dreams.
putting PBO into any environment is an absolutely catastrophic idea.
Generally removing standing water and detergent on whats their kills lavae and opportunity to breed and hunt
Bring back DDT!
Edit: Looks like it is still used in some places in Africa. Good
DDT nearly wiped out several hundred bird species that have just recovered in the last decade. DDT is finally not showing up in eggs in the US.
It's another solution that has damage far too wide for far to long unfortunately.
I live in Florida near the outbreak. Drinking lots of tonic water here.
You'd have to drink 8-10 liters a day to even begin to treat malaria, and that's assuming your tonic water had the maximum legal limit of quinine.
i say breed dragon fly larvae and flood all stagnant water source with them!
It’s may be easy to go after the mosquitos but with their short life span and rapid reproduction, evolution is on their side. And let’s not forget the mosquitos do not themselves cause malaria but rather another parasite that hitches a ride with them. Are there any ideas to target the actual parasite?
I don’t mean to suggest I have any love for the insect. If they were wiped out I could still sleep at night. But, also, if they didn’t leave behind an itchy bump I wouldn’t notice or care that they made off with a drop of blood.
Just wondering what other strategies we have.
So release more frogs and spiders?
Humans... "Mosquitos are smarter than us!"
Mosquitos..." Yeah, we know that. " (You know, smart)
A mosquito bit me while I was watching this.
It mocked me with it's powers💀
They’re evolving
If Jerry Pournelle is to be believed, it's the fact we stopped using DDT.
Try to Google:
*Zodia (Euodia Sauveolens)*
It's a plant endemic to Papua. Usually used by rubbing the leaves onto your skin to repel mosquitoes.
It's also a nice looking houseplant with glossy dark green leaves and yellowish white inflorescences, able to tolerate partial shade and easily ‘resurrected’ back from prolonged drought.
Not sure why this plant is not popular outside SEA.
BTI is still far more effective than any direct insecticide on mosquitoes, and needs wider subsidization.
If we have the same pathway it seems like a bad idea to block ours too
Mosquitoes are the vector. What is being done to get rid of the parasite that causes the disease? Have products with that alkaloid, found in quinine, cinchona and Jesuit bark, also stopped killing the parasite?
Killin it!
Another form of “super bug” that kills us.
Sigh
Ug that's so scary
hey, life finds a way
Government environmentalists on a Federal, State and Local level have worked very hard to develop new and restore old wetlands. All wetlands are the breeding grounds for mosquitos. Don't expect mosquito populations or mosquito borne disease to decrease in the future.
Didn't they breed mosquitoes that cannot smell humans, and started releasing them into the wild???
If America used half as much napalm as they used on Vietnam, then the mosquitos would be exterminated by now.
Perhaps we have been doing this all wrong, maybe if we encourage home and land owners to want to make wildlife habitats for animals that eat mosquitoes like ponds fro dragonflies and frogs and groves of trees for birds. The populations of mosquito eating critters could increase while less people get biten.
I Zachery Moss of Magnolia-tx, propose that we give tax breaks, tax deductions to land and home owners who use their lands to make new wetlands and forests, this will protect frogs, dragonflies and other mosquito eating wildlife, encourage people to be land/home owners again, help lessen malarias effect on everyone, while helping people save and keep more money while at the same time lessen government spending and power. Those who are not home/land owners could be given similar tax deductions for growing herbs and other plants that repel mosquitoes infact as a joke we could do this for those who grow carnivorous plants like venus flytraps or pitcher plants. Gardening as a tactic in the war against malaria could prove more cheaper than throwing god knows how much of people's money in research. I admit it's flawed but at least we can encourage more neighborhoods and communities to pitch in the war effort against the blood sucking vermin.
Pretty sure there’s plenty of green space in the areas worst affected.
@@nicholaslewis8594 but what plants make up the green in those areas
i'm sure that new spray that effects detoxifying chromosomes in all animals will have no unforeseeable negative consequences...
Seems like it’s only bad if you use it in combination.
Correct me if i am wrong, but humans do cytochrome p, so cytochrome p blockers (at least the unspecific kind) should be really really bad stuff to be exposed to...
What happened to introducing a disease into the population to kill the skeeters all together?
Gatorade Being Sold Technically On The Wrong Way, time and Further Worsening RT or RC , Coke , Pepsi Smooth Functioning Of Also Gripe Water..
Recall Why It Was Also Called Woodwards Gripe Water..
In Oz, we can get a Naloxone inhaler to have handy when using. But you need someone with you to be safe. That can be a problem when your GF leaves you to keep all the Ocycontin for herself, turning you into a Heroine addict overnight. Being part of a cooperative buyers group can help protect yourselves from ODING, JUST never share needles please.
This aged well
Should have a chat with Bill Gates about mosquitoes. He did a TED talks about how successful it is to genetically modify these nasty bugs!! And we know he's made billions with vaccines so therefore. All we need is a malaria vaccine right around the corner to help
DDT please
Is Malaria this Green Brother's TB? Lol
why does "The mosquito resistance" sound like a French guerilla unit?
He... is starting to sound sick.
It's not a surprise that Mosquitos are actually the deadliest animals to humans.
Give them coffee!
Methylene blue still works.
Where mosquito lasergates?
So if we all have P450, won't PBO mess with our own systems?
Fire
I thought we had the ability to make mosquitoes extinct by turning them all into females.