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How Many Suns Can One Planet Have?
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- Опубликовано: 8 авг 2024
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Earth and the other seven planets in our solar system have only one star: the Sun. Years ago, astronomers found the first exoplanet that had two stars. They also found one with three stars. And four. Just how many stars can one planet have?
Hosted by: Savannah Geary
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Sources:
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Images:
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• Animation: A Binary an...
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Fi...
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Buen video, que bueno que son estructuras naturales y no artificiales como estrellas alineadas de startreck picard como un monumento de especies inteligentes avanzadas y civilizaciónes tipo 4 en adelante, sin mencionar que podrían mostrar si se descubre que no son naturales sino artificiales qué significa que no estamos solos en el universo, como encontrar galaxias de creación y formas no naturales lo que significa que una civilización muy avanzada crea planetas, lunas, sistemas solares y hasta galaxias desde cero mostrando su poder o dejando mensajes.
@SciShow How many light years away is alfa centauri? And if hypothetically anti-matter can achieve 80% of the speed of light, how many years would it take at that speed to reach it.
The JWST is not the "Webb Telescope" 🤦♂
So what you're saying is that binary+ star systems aren't represented ENOUGH in sci fi even though they ALREADY feel like an overused visual trope?
You’d have to include how many or how likely planets as part of these systems could be habitable
Quite possibly yes, although we won't know for a while wether INHABITABLE planets around binary star systems are common...
@@xXKyledkXx The great thing about fictional species with interstellar technology is that they also get terraforming technology. 👍
It would make for a good background for why a species developed space flight early or quickly. They didn't have to travel many light years to their neighboring system.
Not exactly. As is casually mentioned a couple of times in the video -- these systems are often unstable and planets/planetoids can't settle into an orbit so they either crash into one of their suns, get permanently ejected, or have an unstable chaotic orbit that's usually very eccentric/long.
I’m 1941, Isaac Asimov published his story “Nightfall”. A story about a civilization in a planet named “Lagash” in a six star system that never had a night except for a few hours every 2,000 years.
Maybe he was a genius, but this video reminded me of that story.
You should check it out.
An amazing story. Sounds like the producers read Nightfall and wanted to explore it.
I came here looking for this reference, I appreciate that it's here.
Man, you are REALLY old, omg!
@@gabrieldemourae, someone said: “those who don’t remember their history are condemned to repeat it”.
Hahahahaha…
@@mantrekki Those who forget the pasta are condemned to reheat it. -- First corollary of Santayana's famous quote ;)
So happy that you’ve kept making SciShow Space videos. Perhaps my favorite topic you guys cover.
Also love that they were able to keep the hosts!
If a Citizen Scientist discovers an Exoplanet, they should get to propose a name for it.
Only if you force them to explain why they went with Planty McPlanet Face every year for the rest of their life.
Planet McPlanetface.
@@DLuniz I would rather see Planet McPlanetface 1 - 1000 than the seemingly random strings of characters that are used now.
4chan approves
Ligma. I'm calling it Ligma
I could imagine a system that looks like ours but the central star is a supermassive star and the rest are sun-like, all the stars spaced out like our planets but much further since they're all stars. Then I could imagine planetary systems around each of them, like how Jupiter has its own miniature planetary system. Each system hosting intelligent life with distinct species and cultures.
Could be a really cool scifi series.
Basically just a galaxy 🗿
@@iliketurtles50000 But a really, really small & thin one, possibly itself even contained within a more typically massive galaxy!! 🤯
Sounds plausible.
@@iliketurtles50000 now I'm thinking of a artificially created hyper massive star with trillions of solar masses at the center of an enormous star system with thousands of planets. The gigantic star kept from dying by an artificial black hole in the center to reduce the speed of fusion and artificial black holes around the outside to keep it from imploding. Thanks for the fun idea! 😃
This was my first thought as well. The russian doll star system. A configuration of this system similar to an eclipse on earth would mean daylight on both sides of a planet. Pretty cool... or hot
I'm currently reading the Three Body Problem by Cixin Liu before the Netflix series starts next year. That is an awsome sci-fi story "revolving" around a species who evolved around a trinary star system.
That book is amazing, one of the best science fiction books ever written.
Thats Alpha Centaurai
The video itself talks about the same system. Not just the same type but the system itself.
The Alpha Centauri system IS Trisolaris.
It's the closest system to Earth, 4 ly away and is a trinary star system.
The only difference is that the Alpha Centauri system isn't actually chaotic, all it's orbits are stable as far as we know.
Makes me appreciate the setting of the movie Pitch Black all the more, even if the physics and representative size of the suns is a little off for effect. I always loved the lighting in that movie.
I have watched SciShow for a while now...but this is the first one I painstakingly paused several times to see the end credits. Shoutout to Host and Director Savannah Geary and writer Emma Dauster for such an engaging, entertaining, and educational episode! You made learning about these types of solar systems unexpectedly joyful. Would love to see more of your work!
My favorite SciShow video this year! I’m not sure if it was predicted that we would find planets in multi-star systems. Planets, uh, find a way.
Planets can orbit in such a system but keep in mind that these system lead to unstable orbits because anything that orbits such a center of gravity is gonna be pushed and pulled inconstantly. So it is only a matter of time that these planets will either collide with one sun or will be kicked out of the system.
I love your enthusiasm in teaching others. I wish I had teachers/someone like you in elementary school, highschool, school systems lack this level of involvement and it's all lost . It's why higher pay for teachers/ educators is so mandatory
Definitely one of the most fascinating videos in quite a while. This one is essential astronomy edutainment.
I was literally just having a conversation with a friend today about the Castor system with 3 binary pairings. Great timing!
It is very hard to believe that the conditions on any planet in these multi star systems would be stable enough to support life.
Life uh finds a way
@@sasquatch2Wish it would find its way faster and not in an infinite amount of time. We don't have all century here. lol
I would add the caveat, that only applies to life as we know it on Earth. Life evolves and adapts to fit the environment, not the other way around, so life could develop that is better suited to conditions on those planets. Humans would die if dropped on those planets, but organisms from those planets would also die if dropped on Earth.
We have life on earth that survives without receiving any sunlight. What happens in the sky means nothing to those life forms.
@@FrozEnbyWolf150I'm thinking silicon based life, or carbon based life inside a distantly orbiting gas giant's icy moon
from what i recall reading:
"Stable? 2. max 3 , merhaps 4 or 5 but that's extremely unlikely to be 'stable'. "
Love Remembrance of Earth's Past - starting with The Three Body Problem.
It's so interesting to be able to imagine what it might be like living (or dying) on that world.
There are some great physics websites to go over the math behind a three body system.
which websites?
ETO sympathizer?
Three Body is definitely my favourite sci-fi book series, the twists and turns in the story is just like the chaotic orbits of a three body system.
Trisolarans would lose their mind at the existence of a 7 star system
This was so interesting! Thanks, Scishow and Savannah!
Wouldn't you think it's possible that you could have a system similar to ours just much larger? For example a very large center star. With other stars orbiting around it. And planets orbiting those stars like moons? Even if the system is binary or so on.
The distances would have to be scaled up, as the increased mass increases gravitational spheres of influence. If SOIs overlap, orbits get unstable.
Star lifespan decreases as mass increases. t = 10 billion × M^-2.5. Any star bigger than 1.4 solar masses would be dead by the earth's current age.
This is technically possible, but not only would the larger star live a far shorter life (as has been mentioned), but we don't know of any mechanisms for star or planetary formation that would be able to generate a system like that, especially one that was gravitationally stable in the long-term.
Basically, considering that the vast majority of star formation is done by the collapse of a gas cloud, it would be tremendously difficult to get a "nested" system like that to form. The only barely-plausible way for a system like that to form would be from the larger star capturing the smaller stars as they passed by, and the odds of that happening even once would be, pun intended, astronomical.
A galaxy almost fits what you describe.
Very informative video, and a truly great narrator. Thanks!
First acknowledgement of the scishow camera man!! You go guurl! 🤘🤘
I think the one shot/ picture resembles terrazzo granite or stone. Wildly amazing that there's that many varieties of systems out there.
You must've been reading my mind because I've been thinking about this over the last few weeks and was planning on talking with some of the astronomers at my local university. Thanks!
Can't help thinking of the planet Lagash, from Isaac Asimov's 1941 novella "Nightfall", with its six sun system.
Great video, SciShow!
Love your presentations👍
Your diction and enunciation is excellent!
Except for saying "ee-chuther" instead of "each other". (Sorry, love her, but this is a pet peeve of mine)
I want to know more about the distance it takes for a stellar binary to be treated like a single gravitational entity by the orbiting bodies it hosts. Is there some kind of equation we can use to figure this out for a given system?
Always happy to hear Savannah's voice--they're both engaging and relaxing.
Hi Savannah!
What a stellar transition. The writers are truly out of this world.
Dumb -10
its wild that I was googling this out of curiosity a few days ago and now I get a video about it too
This tracks with what I've experienced while playing Elite Dangerous - nothing like the experience of dropping into a system, running your discovery scanner, get a result of five bodies, followed by "system scan complete" to really baffle a first time explorer.
i actually liked this so much that i hit the like icon AND let the entire ad read play! Well done Hank and Co !:-) 🙏
I love that we are going to hear new discoveries and updates from the james webb telescope for the rest of our lives.
That subject is really interesting, thanks 👍
It's astonishing to think that there are solar systems out there with not one or two, but possibly five or more stars. At first, this might seem mind boggling, but upon reflection, it's like a scaled-up version of what we're familiar with on our own planet. Think of the way planets have their own moons and satellites, and suddenly, multiple suns don't seem so outlandish after all. I'm just a curious observer, not an expert in the field and would be interested to know if it some how plays differently.
I’m a grad student searching for a new CBP, so I’m stoked about this video!!
It’s so cool that we’ve found a system of three stars that have planets around them, it’s a real life Thra!! I have to wonder if this is the planet that Gelflings live on!!!
Oh, melodious KIC 4862625. How we sing of thee.
Very cool!!!
Great work BTW.
As always, Yay Savannah!
Wow this is amazing. I never thought that more than three stars could orbit each other to find great numbers of them can and some have placed like Alpha Centauri is fascinating. I hope they find a way to send a probe to Alpha Centauri and we can see the whole thing up close.
One thing that might be worth adding is that eath is technically not orbiting around the sun, but around the gravitational centre of sun and Jupiter (which is slightly outside the sun)
Sounds like a song by Peter, Paul and Mary: "How many suns can one planet have before it gets to-orn apart..."
This makes me wonder if multi-star systems are a significant source of rogue planets (or would planets even be able to form in, say, a five- or six-star system?)
Cool. I did a bit of work on planet hunter years ago.
This reminds of the book Fire Time by Paol Anderson. There was a very convincing introduction that ended with the sentence. 'It would be nice if the planet had a more reasonable energy profile, but the universe has never shown much interest in being reasonable.' I laughed til I cried.
That sounds like something Douglas Adams would write.
Very interesting.
@SciShow Can you post a link to the citizen scientist program this video talked about? Thanks!
Yo our Sol System is INSANE (universally speaking).
BEBOP-1 was named after the project that discovered it, "Binaries Escorted By Orbiting Planets". Sounds suspiciously like a backronym. I'm left wondering if they're fans of the music genre, TMNT, or anime...
Makes me wonder if there's planetary systems with non-circular orbits. Like, a planet doing a partial revolution around one star, switching over to another star, doing a partial revolution there, and then coming back to the first star.
So, an 8 instead of an O, for example. Or something even more wonky. 🤔😵💫
It's the 3 body problem
Yes that is how P type orbits work (orbits that orbit multiple stars)
Imagine how difficult it would be to go to another planet
I often wonder what our complexion(s) would be under a blue star or even a binary duo of different colors.
It would have to be special long living star because blues don't last long, sadly.
Follow up please ... "These are the orbits a planet could have, if we injected on into the star systems".
E2A: Maybe I should request this from Isaac Arthur instead. A tad more on-topic there. 🙂
Given what we know about life, I wonder how many different star system setups could exist that include at least one habitable world where it isn't getting fried for some periods and frigid in others. One that comes to mind is something like Europa, which doesn't get enough energy from the Sun, but the tidal forces from Jupiter keep its interior warm enough that it might even be habitable.
That's a lot of bodies swinging around each other. Like a circle in a circle, like a spiral within a spiral, like a wheel within a wheel.
If I understand it correctly, the more stars there are in a system, the less mass there is to form planets, so the chance of finding one dminishies as the number of stars increases.
I also enjoy Sea of Stars, great game
The home system of Honor Harrington, the Star of David Weber's Honor Harrington series, is a binary system. The way they described it it was effectively a star with a bunch of planets and a second star with a second bunch of planets but each system is orbiting each other. As far as I remember there was no planets that orbit the common point
Usually the only orbiting systems that are stable are "2 body systems" - "3 body systems" are usually not stable. BUT, you say, what about our Solar System, it has way more than 2 bodies.
Yes, that is true but not that as Savannah describes the multiple n-body systems, she always describes them as a combination of two body systems Ex: For a planet orbiting a binary star, the binary stars are affected very little by the planet so they operate as a 2-body pair and the planet orbits the center of mass of the pair so the planet and the stars operate as a 2-body pair where the stars together are one of the bodies. Also, as she mentions, a three star system usually only works if one of stars is well isolated from the other pair by either size or distance so that the trio can act like a duo.
How would a year work in a solar system with more than three stars?
im going to say 3. based solely on the fact i've read the 3 body problem... now i will watch this video.
I have a question regarding Proxima Centauri and its planet: if hypothetical aliens had slightly different photoreceptors, evolutionarily "calibrated" for longer wavelengths (that go deeper into the infrared than ours), they'd feel their sun is as bright as ours is to us, no?
Not necessarily, especially considering that Proxima would look much larger in the sky than the Sun does from the Earth, so the same amount of light would come from a larger apparent area; thus, a given unit of area would appear to radiate less light and thus appear dimmer. And of course, some eyes are more sensitive than others.
Makes you think, if us humans took so long to figure out a decent gravitational theory with a simple system, if ever there would be life on those they're going to struggle quite a bit before hitting the right formula
"It's one planet, Michael. How many stars could it have?"
Issac Asimov wrote a story about a 6 star system as far as I remember. Glad to know there is one.
While most stars are in multi star systems, most star systems have only one star. So it's not weird to be in a star system with one star.
Yes, both of these statements are true.
An example, I have 10 widgets and 7 widget systems, 4 of those widget systems have one widget each (4 total widgets) and 3 of those widget systems have 2 widgets (6 total widgets).
A minority of systems contain the majority of widgets.
About half the stars in the Galaxy have at least one planet.
Statistically, a really large proportion of planets are in binary or more systems. So, it's not usual to only have one, just likely.
Uh it makes no sense. 😂
@@JasonB808 what doesn't? the stats from observations exist.
@@thekaxmax Yeah, that's assuming that probability planets around stars in a multi star system is the same as single star systems.
There are many reasons why this probability might not be equal.
@@JasonB808 I put the widget example there to make it make sense. It's an example that shows how it actually the case.
If there are 100 stars and half the star are in binary systems and half the are in solo star systems, how many binary systems and solo system would there be?
One star is all this solar system is worth. The service is APPALING darlings.
This video sounds like me trying to explore my polycule to my parents.
So why is Alpha Centauri considered one trinary system rather than a unary with planets that has a binary system close by? Is there specific proximity range that arbitrarily groups celestial bodies into a system, or is it a matter of gravity effects, like stars exerting a certain amount of gravitational effect that we say makes this group a single system?
Because alpha Centauri C (Proxima Centauri) is orbiting the pair
Of course, with all dice rolled in the galaxy, if we can look with enough detail, we should see all multi-star system having planets in odd orbits, if those orbits are mathematically valid. So, how many stars is the upper limit for a stable mathematical orbit?
i came here just because my food was getting cold. i had to open a video asap. :)
i just understand that this video is about some space thingy
Super rad
RE: 3:05 -- Would a planet within the habitable zone of a much smaller star be close enough that the star would still appear approximately the same size as Sol does in our sky?
"Trinary" just sounds so weird to me, but I looked it up and apparently it *is* correct, but "ternary" is much more common.
Meanwhile intelligent life on a planet in a trinairy system is looking at our solar system thinking it would be incredibly impossible for life to exist on a planet in a system with so little star energy.
Just to see if I could I once completely mapped out, w/motion implied, the Castor System. Did it but after my ears stopped bleeding I think I may have damaged something integral to my neural pathways.
I wouldn't really classify a planet orbiting Proxima as having three suns. Those other two stars are very far away.
This makes me think of the system in Firefly/Serenity. iirc, it's a 5 star system.
In that 6-star system (triplet of binaries), that one binary was really far away (its orbit around the other 2 was once every 2,000 years) but passed through in between the other 2 binaries!
Wouldn't that mess up the closer binaries' orbits? Or is this proposed to be a stable system?
And how close would they get to colliding? Or are they so far away from each other - even at their closest - that a collision is just very unlikely?
Because I could imagine a case where the closer binaries are happily orbiting each other, but they're in their horizontal (or tangent to the distant binary's orbit) stage right on the line where the distant binary will be passing through! 💥
Just imagining those orbits makes me nervous 😖
Also, all the planets and stars and galaxies are always moving and orbiting around SOMETHING, right? Like, our planet is orbiting our sun while the sun is within the Milky Way galaxy that is, in turn, orbiting a massive black hole which, in turn, is orbiting along with other galaxies a supermassive black hole, etc., etc., etc.
So, how do we decide when a system (binary or otherwise) is a system in itself and not just part of a larger system?
For example, that outer binary of the 6-star system could just be its own system that interacts with another system every 2 millenia. But I'm sure there are other stars with much longer periods that will also interact with that system at some far distant future point in time.
I just feel like if we're going to be discovering these cool new orbiting configurations, we might need to maybe tighten up the definitions and terminology?
Please, please tell me that the person who named the Bebop system was an anime fan... This was a REALLY cool list, thank you!!
My storys colony system has a trinary syestem :D
A binary in the center and a third dwarf star orbiting those two stars at a distance
The title of the video confused me until I realised it was about how many solar systems with multiple suns can have a planet. Re-reading the title still looks wrong, still confused about what the question it is trying to ask. The answer to the question it is asking depends on how many planets are in the system and also how many stars are in the system. So, in our solar system with 8 planets each planet can have 12.5% of a sun.
The Octinary system from Picard 🤯
So it sounds like we’re slowly building up to how all the stars and planets orbit in the galaxy!🤔
That was the greyest daisy field I ever seen 😆☠️
Given the sheer number of stars in just our galaxy, I don't think I'm going too far out on the limb to predict that there is at least one 6-star system with at least one planet out there. Mark your calendars! :)
So what happens when two suns collide? Do they merge into one bigger sun?
I thought that lone stars were kind of uncommon. Are you certain? Citation?
What I want to know is if the system from Asimov's Nightfall exists!
@@existenceisillusion6528 Yeah, I looked them up on imdb.
Shame.
Related to this physics problem, I recommend the hard science fiction book The Three Body Problem.
When you said tcy.... I heard tcby... and now I'm eating ice cream..
Waiting for a sci-fi setting with four suns. Would probably be a not great place to live, but I've seen worse.
The Bebop One system, discovered back when Charlie Parker went through his astronomy phase :)
If you have played Space engine, you'll be familiar with all these complex multi star orbital mechanics.
Winter is coming and going and coming and going
I am very happy to have a dull single sun as opposed to 7 suns with a recurring total eclipse every several thousand years, re Dr. Asimov's"Nightfall"
I'd like to meet the Beebopians. I imagine they'd be cool 😎 .
And that team of amateurs name? Team Four Star. Excelsior! Thank you, I'll head out now.
I want to know if it would be possible for a planet to be stationary between binary stars
Like? The sun revolves around the earth?
@@wyrdlock No, like both stars orbit around one planet (or rather, their center of mass lies on it)
Like if a planet got caught at the center of mass of the binary system with the same mass for both stars. That's an interesting setup. Since the stars would be on the opposite side of the planet, it would always be daytime.
My first thought is, if that planet were in the LaGrange spot between the stars, why not. It wouldn't even get ripped apart, because all the gravitational force from both stars cancels out. BUT since the gravitational force cancels out, there is nothing that would hold it there. It can not easily form there, the void between binary stars is no good kindergarten for planets. It has to come from outer space. But nothing would stop it from continuing its way out the other way. I believe, this would be pretty much impossible.
@@pg2826 2 stars far enough away and a planet somehow caught in its bary center but not sure if its an stable or labile spot (similar to the lagrange points)... i would guess the later
interesting idea anyhow