+Nile Red Destructive distillations are fairly common in amateur chemistry and I have often wondered if the addition of a high-boiling nonreactive liquid would improve the procedures. Such a liquid would act as a heat transfer medium to prevent hot and cold spots. It might also have some solubility towards one or more of the reactants, leading to better mixing. The only suitable things that I can think of for this are petroleum wax and silicone oil, but maybe you have some ideas and might be tempted to try it out.
That brings up some memories: Group-email: please go to the meeting... this would be very helpful for you too... if you don't I will empty 1L of Pyridine in your lab! 1 Year thereafter a girl tried to get a big bottle of pyridine from the top most shelf and proved to be too weak, breaking the bottle on the floor in the process...
It would seem that your lower than expected yields in most of your videos may come from the small batches done and waste from condensate on your equipment or unaccounted for evaporation of desired elements. I just think bigger batches and cleaner processing would give a higher yield, less waste and less work cleaning things. (I'm quite a stickler for cleanliness.)
"I don't know honestly why I am low yield"...honestly this what I would expect from reckless pouring of chemicals "let's just pretend nothing happened"
@@Shad0wBoxxer Sometimes it does happen but a yield of 75% can be achieved quite easily with a copper chromite catalyst. It needs lower temperatures, therefore reducing the sublimation of niacin and the charring.
@@Shad0wBoxxer For example doug's lab got 86.6% yield. Yes, he jumped the sodium hydroxide steps, but I'd say that water and nicotinic acid aside his actual yield should still be around 70%. The reaction with copper chromite was definitely much cleaner. It's pretty evident by the amount of char in the distilling flask and the color of the distillate. ruclips.net/video/FNsqYwzm40M/видео.html
1:45 - As this big scary world changes around us every day, we can all feel safe knowing that NileRed is still as sloppy as he was from the beginning of the channel.... He might be the scientist that spills the virus that starts the zombie apocalypse but he's our beloved scientist. 😂
@@naturegirl1999 niacin is commonly used to detox before a drug test on short notice but I don’t think it even works. And decarbing is how you make edibles.
Actual catalyst is Copper as +1, usually implemented as Copper powder or Cu2O. Copper Chromite active hydrogenation catalyst is CuCrO2 (low oxidation Cu). Your other 50% was oxidized by Cu +2 to Bipyridine or ketone.
OK old video I know but I wanted to share this. I just finished this exact synthesis for the first time and I have no idea how my yield was as high as it was. I finished the second distillation and then added NaOH to seperate water from the pyridine. It took awhile which surprised me but the first sign it was separating was almost a whole minute after NaOH addition. I left came back and removed the top layer leaving a small amount behind as not to bring water over with the pyridine. This layer was dried with molecular sieves. I did this on a 3x scale so 150g niacin and 36g basic copper carbonate. I ended up with 75ml of dry pyridine so 25ml per 50g of niacin. This is really high compared to others I've seen. I did premix the basic copper carbonate and niacin and stoppered them in a flask where I kept the powder stored for about 2 weeks before I got the stones to do it. The color had changed from a lighter green color to more of a blue. It is definitely pyridine the smell is ungodly and it sticks in your nose for awhile if you get a whiff. I used a respirator until I added sieves that's where I smelled it. Long story short what did I do right?!?! As Nile says in the video most are around 40% yield and upwards of about 75% but I got about 83% I think it comes out to. I thought maybe it wasn't fully dry but addition of more dry sieves produces no further reaction. Help how did I do this lol
@@GiraffeFlavored yeah I'm fairly sure but I can't be 100% sure to be honest with ya. The copper carbonate I know was pure but the niacin was a supplement that claimed 99%. Never know there though. The factor besides leaving it mixed In storage for 2 weeks was I took 2 hours to slowly get up to temp and no idea if that could even be a factor. I did use some as a catalyst and dried and recovered it. The fraction on recovery was 114-116c so maybe that could indicate something like a similar boiling impurity? Its hard to say after using it In a different experiment. I did try again with more products and only got the same amount of pyridine even though I started with more. This could be a lesson for me on doing some confirmation tests when I'm done even just density. 😅😅
@@midwestchem368 Hey there! I'm doing process chemistry and from what you're describing, you should consider _everything_ you did different as a potential cause for your increased yield. Since you don't have analytics, this is of course a bit of a problem, because you can't rule out that your high yield is just an impurity. I'd strongly suggest you do at least some confirmation tests, like titrating it. You might have to look up a method for that. Your boiling point is already a good indication, if two other independent tests like titration and density yield good results, I would assume that you have reasonably pure pyridine. Maybe repeat a distillation, sometimes, compounds behave very differently on recovery and subsequent distillations because of water content or solids present. Considering the process: I have absolutely no idea what went right there, but the way to go about figuring it out would be: 1) Confirm by exact repitition, down to the exact glassware and stir bar you used. Does that confirm the results? If it doesn't, any speculation about causes won't help you until you figured out what went different. 2) Change one thing at a time until you find the change that breaks it. Start with the most likely cause from a theoretical standpoint, or with the easiest, quickest, most convenient or most desirable change to implement in the process. One person alone working on a process is mostly about time management, but if you want a certain answer, you won't get around either finding your exact problem solved in the literature or trying yourself empirically. If the process interests you, maybe send a sample of your pyridine to an analytical lab for an NMR or similiar way to identify and quantify your product. The increased efficiency of the process might be worth the money, and you can brag about it with hard data in your hand. :) To contribute a bit to baseless guessing: The colour change of your reaction mix might be significant. Maybe some beneficial complexes formed or water content got transfered from the niacin to the copper carbonate, or some other slow reaction took place that is good for the reaction, but competes with decomposition and evaporation of niacin at high temperatures. In your case, I would start there after exact reproduction and try the same process without aging the reaction mix. If aging helps, you might be able to encourage whatever happened to your reaction mix, maybe by suspending in a solvent and evaporating it again or something, to speed up the process.
@@stefangadshijew1682 thank you for input it sounds actually like a great plan I would love to gather some data to see what happened here and if it was actually increased yield or something altogether different. I could probably find someone to do an NMR for me and see what they say. I appreciate the comment I always enjoy feedback. It helps to learn more and just improve technique and overall get better with reactions.
Yuck. In the old days we used to use pyridine to do Karl Fischer titrations to determine moisture concentration. I loved analytical chemistry. I still do, although I don't practice it anymore. But pyridine is not something I look back fondly on.
Yeah, I remember reading some articles written in the 1800's or so, in which the synthesis of thioacetone in a lab inadvertently triggered the evacuation of a large portion of the city (wish I could remember the source!). It would be great to see if it truly lives up to the hype!
Onam King Eh, it's subjective of course but to a lot of organic chemists thioactone isn't necessarily that terrible. I know lot of people (me included) who find the rotten fish and hot roasted coffee smoothie aroma of pyridine to be as bad or worse. But neither of them have a thing on concentrated Benzyl Mercaptan, which to me rules the roost as the smelliest organosulfur compound, beating out thioactone by a country mile! If you are curious imagine long dead putrid skunks stuffed with rotten onions hanging out around a diesel fueled tire fire, that's Benzyl Mercaptan my friend. But horrifying as that may sound when you move into selenium and tellurium chemistry it gets progressively worse the further you get away from oxygen, which is the friendly element of the Chalcogen group of elements. Isocyanides usually smell absolutely terrible too.
@@peterrichter8391 There is some information on this event (with links to articles) on the Wikipedia page of thioacetone: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioacetone#Odor (The city was Freiburg BTW) Oh, some trivia: there's also a chemical called Hexafluorothioacetone, which is a blue gas. I wonder what kind of smell this has....
Would like to see you make pyrazine too- it is structurally very similar to pyridine but unlike "fishy" pyridine it has a nice nutty, popcorn aroma.....it is also the basis of lots of other pleasant food aromas and tastes (e.g. 2,6 di-methylpyrazine which gives chocolate part of it's taste and flavour) but is as equally useful as pyridine as a precursor in many organic compounds.
The smell of Pyridine reminds me of the tomatosauce of a common "spaghetti-brand" found here called Miracoli: Also did you mention that Pyridine can cause temporal erectile disfunction? I've not felt such effects so far though :p
Funny thing, when you showed the receiving flask with the yellow liquid in it, I totally smelled pyridine. Grody-to-the-max. My brain is goofy this evening.
The smell of pyridine is honestly hard to describe. It's fishy, yes, but it's more complex than that. It's got this oily-ness to it that's almost like old fryer grease, but then confusingly has just the faintest hint of kind of a floral sweetness. It's a very odd, off putting, but in brief moments ALMOST pleasant smell, but that pleasant aspect to it doesn't last for more than a short, short moment at any given time.
@@spiderdude2099 I suppose that could be right since my only experience with pyridine is with novel RC stimulants containing it (MDPHP, APHP, any pyridine based cathinone really) and those smell heavily of semen
could the low yield be explained by the niacin that that came over with the pryidine? You said some niacin precipitated out when you added sodium hydroxide.
Old but for Decarboxylations work best with Cu(+1) ion: Cu powder, Cu2O, CuI. Calcium Oxide like for your Calcium Acetate to Acetone + CaCO3. Lead Oxide is a more efficient catalyst. Pyridine is more nauseating more than toxic.
+PopelPtak At home, you can test the most basic things, like melting point, boiling point, etc. Exact purity is very hard to determine without something like an NMR or mass spec, etc.
For AP Chem I'm going to do a demo and I was wondering if you can suggest an experiment that is very interesting and the chemistry behind it is also interesting. I'm thinking about doing multiple iodine clocks with different concentrations and all that jazz, but I want to know your opinion. BTW it can't be too hazardous or take too long, thx.
I'm curious as to how to deal with all the chemical waste you must encounter; do you simply proceed with copious amounts of quenching and down the drain (for most things)?
depends ... acids and bases can be dissolved and/or neutralized, some chlorinated compounds can be neutralized by Fenton's reagent, mercury can be converted to sulfate and extracted, some stuff can be burned (oxidized) before throwing out ... some chemicals however are dangerous to the environment and should be properly disposed of (there are facilities for that, some chem suppliers buy back used solvents for recovery etc.)
Mmm... without being cheeky, simple humidity might be part of the difference. I spent a good portion of my life in a place that habitually had zero percent humidity. Reactions that are sensitive to humidity perform better in places that have low humidity. This is partly why certain chemical manufacturing companies have plants in out of the way places. Random explosions being another reason.
Nile Red Nice, I'm assuming mixing some of this requires respirators though. My old roommate used it for making his special chili. One day walked in while he was grinding up ghost chili and felt like I had walked into the gas chamber at basic training all over again.
Brandon Ottinger Yeah you should use one. Even if you are grinding inert things like chalk. The super small particles are really not good to get into your lungs.
Hey, I got this thought stuck in my head. I think at some point in the past you've done something with mix of petroleum and isopropanol, but what would something like this be used for?
@@NileRed Well, as long as you only mix up the names of the chemicals in a video instead of mixing up the chemicals during a reaction, you'll be safe..... ;-)
Pyridine has the most nauseating stink, difficult to describe but really revolting and worse than any other substance I came across as a chemistry undergraduate.
@@chemistryofquestionablequa6252 I know what you mean but that still doesn't do it justice. Maybe rotting minty fish, with a hint of sweetness that makes it worse rather than better.
i love how genuinely he said "lets just pretend that never happened" cuz i feel that
for real lol
Here we have Nile red using the extractions&ire urea weighing method to add the reactants to the flask
What does this mean
@@Systolic_Gaming ruclips.net/video/OdRn1OD-8iU/видео.html
If you like stinky things, you should make Sulfur-dichloride. It is very stinky and looks awesome, while it is a very useful precursor as well.
And it also sounds pretty toxic to me...
@@GRBtutorials it's a precursor for mustard gas. Yikes!
@@heh2393 so it pretty toxic isn’t it.
@snipers uniteI mean both sulfur and chlorine are toxic so why not
I was watching you use the mortar/pestle, and I was saying to my self, "Just use a coffee grinder". Then you did...lol
+Nile Red Destructive distillations are fairly common in amateur chemistry and I have often wondered if the addition of a high-boiling nonreactive liquid would improve the procedures. Such a liquid would act as a heat transfer medium to prevent hot and cold spots. It might also have some solubility towards one or more of the reactants, leading to better mixing. The only suitable things that I can think of for this are petroleum wax and silicone oil, but maybe you have some ideas and might be tempted to try it out.
That brings up some memories:
Group-email: please go to the meeting... this would be very helpful for you too... if you don't I will empty 1L of Pyridine in your lab!
1 Year thereafter a girl tried to get a big bottle of pyridine from the top most shelf and proved to be too weak, breaking the bottle on the floor in the process...
It would seem that your lower than expected yields in most of your videos may come from the small batches done and waste from condensate on your equipment or unaccounted for evaporation of desired elements. I just think bigger batches and cleaner processing would give a higher yield, less waste and less work cleaning things. (I'm quite a stickler for cleanliness.)
Nile:
Mario: Hey stinky! X-P
"I don't know honestly why I am low yield"...honestly this what I would expect from reckless pouring of chemicals "let's just pretend nothing happened"
Also he said the niacin was wet, which would also account for some of the missing volume.
The amount that spilled over is no where near enough to account for that percent yield loss. The bulk of it has just come from the Niacin sublimating.
I figured he had such a low number cause people like to talk themselves up to others....
@@Shad0wBoxxer
Sometimes it does happen but a yield of 75% can be achieved quite easily with a copper chromite catalyst. It needs lower temperatures, therefore reducing the sublimation of niacin and the charring.
@@Shad0wBoxxer
For example doug's lab got 86.6% yield. Yes, he jumped the sodium hydroxide steps, but I'd say that water and nicotinic acid aside his actual yield should still be around 70%. The reaction with copper chromite was definitely much cleaner. It's pretty evident by the amount of char in the distilling flask and the color of the distillate.
ruclips.net/video/FNsqYwzm40M/видео.html
Would really like to see the reduction of Niacin to Nicotine.
On second thought, it's probably better to use pyridine as a starting material.
reduction? actually quite much must be done to form nicotine from niacin
Dr D actually on second thought it probably better to use pyridine as a starting material.
I've mostly used pyridine to prevent HCl formation in acid-sensitive reactions
you could do the determination of the boiling/melting point of your products, or even get IR spectra of them. that would be very cool
1:45 - As this big scary world changes around us every day, we can all feel safe knowing that NileRed is still as sloppy as he was from the beginning of the channel.... He might be the scientist that spills the virus that starts the zombie apocalypse but he's our beloved scientist. 😂
Pyridine. The first time I was introduced to heterocyclic chemistry.
Me too. I've been studying heterocyclic chemistry a few weeks ago for a bit and i've got to say - it's not easy.
Even the nomenclature is quite complex.
And it smells like rotting ass, lol
Pyridine is really not that bad. The isomeric methyl pyridines on the other hand...
1:50 this was a technique I liked to use to get that yield down below 100% so it looked like I did really good work
At one point I had some B vitamin pills that smelled pretty bad after being exposed to humidity. Maybe the niacin (B3) decarboxylated to pyridine.
6:57
you might want to annotate pyridine instead of niacine here
As a pothead hearing him say he’s gonna decarb niacin is hilariously paradoxical
Can you explain? Is niacin common in cannabis or something?
@@naturegirl1999 niacin is commonly used to detox before a drug test on short notice but I don’t think it even works. And decarbing is how you make edibles.
Actual catalyst is Copper as +1, usually implemented as Copper powder or Cu2O. Copper Chromite active hydrogenation catalyst is CuCrO2 (low oxidation Cu). Your other 50% was oxidized by Cu +2 to Bipyridine or ketone.
can you provide a source for that?
7:42 - 7:45 ... answer @1:50 :D
+Nortical LOL
Nortical o my god yes
wait! There are no chemicals to pretend that they are there?! Who are you and what you did with Nile Red?
+mechadrake I am an impostor! There were only 2 chemicals here, so it is hard to mess it up, haha
OK old video I know but I wanted to share this. I just finished this exact synthesis for the first time and I have no idea how my yield was as high as it was. I finished the second distillation and then added NaOH to seperate water from the pyridine. It took awhile which surprised me but the first sign it was separating was almost a whole minute after NaOH addition. I left came back and removed the top layer leaving a small amount behind as not to bring water over with the pyridine. This layer was dried with molecular sieves. I did this on a 3x scale so 150g niacin and 36g basic copper carbonate. I ended up with 75ml of dry pyridine so 25ml per 50g of niacin. This is really high compared to others I've seen. I did premix the basic copper carbonate and niacin and stoppered them in a flask where I kept the powder stored for about 2 weeks before I got the stones to do it. The color had changed from a lighter green color to more of a blue. It is definitely pyridine the smell is ungodly and it sticks in your nose for awhile if you get a whiff. I used a respirator until I added sieves that's where I smelled it. Long story short what did I do right?!?! As Nile says in the video most are around 40% yield and upwards of about 75% but I got about 83% I think it comes out to. I thought maybe it wasn't fully dry but addition of more dry sieves produces no further reaction. Help how did I do this lol
Are you sure your product is completely pure? You might have some contamination that's increasing the supposed yield
@@GiraffeFlavored yeah I'm fairly sure but I can't be 100% sure to be honest with ya. The copper carbonate I know was pure but the niacin was a supplement that claimed 99%. Never know there though. The factor besides leaving it mixed In storage for 2 weeks was I took 2 hours to slowly get up to temp and no idea if that could even be a factor. I did use some as a catalyst and dried and recovered it. The fraction on recovery was 114-116c so maybe that could indicate something like a similar boiling impurity? Its hard to say after using it In a different experiment. I did try again with more products and only got the same amount of pyridine even though I started with more. This could be a lesson for me on doing some confirmation tests when I'm done even just density. 😅😅
@@midwestchem368 Hey there!
I'm doing process chemistry and from what you're describing, you should consider _everything_ you did different as a potential cause for your increased yield.
Since you don't have analytics, this is of course a bit of a problem, because you can't rule out that your high yield is just an impurity.
I'd strongly suggest you do at least some confirmation tests, like titrating it. You might have to look up a method for that. Your boiling point is already a good indication, if two other independent tests like titration and density yield good results, I would assume that you have reasonably pure pyridine. Maybe repeat a distillation, sometimes, compounds behave very differently on recovery and subsequent distillations because of water content or solids present.
Considering the process: I have absolutely no idea what went right there, but the way to go about figuring it out would be:
1) Confirm by exact repitition, down to the exact glassware and stir bar you used. Does that confirm the results? If it doesn't, any speculation about causes won't help you until you figured out what went different.
2) Change one thing at a time until you find the change that breaks it. Start with the most likely cause from a theoretical standpoint, or with the easiest, quickest, most convenient or most desirable change to implement in the process.
One person alone working on a process is mostly about time management, but if you want a certain answer, you won't get around either finding your exact problem solved in the literature or trying yourself empirically.
If the process interests you, maybe send a sample of your pyridine to an analytical lab for an NMR or similiar way to identify and quantify your product. The increased efficiency of the process might be worth the money, and you can brag about it with hard data in your hand. :)
To contribute a bit to baseless guessing: The colour change of your reaction mix might be significant. Maybe some beneficial complexes formed or water content got transfered from the niacin to the copper carbonate, or some other slow reaction took place that is good for the reaction, but competes with decomposition and evaporation of niacin at high temperatures.
In your case, I would start there after exact reproduction and try the same process without aging the reaction mix. If aging helps, you might be able to encourage whatever happened to your reaction mix, maybe by suspending in a solvent and evaporating it again or something, to speed up the process.
@@stefangadshijew1682 thank you for input it sounds actually like a great plan I would love to gather some data to see what happened here and if it was actually increased yield or something altogether different. I could probably find someone to do an NMR for me and see what they say. I appreciate the comment I always enjoy feedback. It helps to learn more and just improve technique and overall get better with reactions.
Around 6:58, the boiling point of pyridine, not niacin.
* Half of the Niacin Copper Carbonate mixture misses the funnel *
"I'm not quite sure what the difference in my procedure is."
the copper carbonate is such a beautiful colour.
Where do you find those kinds of heating mantles?
in a heating mantle shop....obviously....
Yuck. In the old days we used to use pyridine to do Karl Fischer titrations to determine moisture concentration. I loved analytical chemistry. I still do, although I don't practice it anymore. But pyridine is not something I look back fondly on.
@Nile Red How about trying the kolbe process of decarboxylation?
NileRed: **sip** “Hmmm. Why does this coffee taste like teal rocks?” **sip**
I have a question: Is it possible to replace the niacin for niacinamide? Would it affect the final yield?
How about synthesizing pyridine from something simpler instead of just breaking down something that already conntains it? That could be interesting.
It’s cool that now that I’ve taken ochem I can understand what he’s talking about
hey you said you like making smelly chems what about Thioacetone? thanks
that's a little bit too smelly
Yeah, I remember reading some articles written in the 1800's or so, in which the synthesis of thioacetone in a lab inadvertently triggered the evacuation of a large portion of the city (wish I could remember the source!). It would be great to see if it truly lives up to the hype!
Onam King Eh, it's subjective of course but to a lot of organic chemists thioactone isn't necessarily that terrible. I know lot of people (me included) who find the rotten fish and hot roasted coffee smoothie aroma of pyridine to be as bad or worse. But neither of them have a thing on concentrated Benzyl Mercaptan, which to me rules the roost as the smelliest organosulfur compound, beating out thioactone by a country mile! If you are curious imagine long dead putrid skunks stuffed with rotten onions hanging out around a diesel fueled tire fire, that's Benzyl Mercaptan my friend. But horrifying as that may sound when you move into selenium and tellurium chemistry it gets progressively worse the further you get away from oxygen, which is the friendly element of the Chalcogen group of elements. Isocyanides usually smell absolutely terrible too.
Douglas Patrick: omg you got quite a laugh outta me
@@peterrichter8391 There is some information on this event (with links to articles) on the Wikipedia page of thioacetone:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thioacetone#Odor
(The city was Freiburg BTW)
Oh, some trivia: there's also a chemical called Hexafluorothioacetone, which is a blue gas. I wonder what kind of smell this has....
What was with the magic auto spinning at 5:44 how does that work?
Oh that? Thats just magnetic stir bar/stir plate.
Would like to see you make pyrazine too- it is structurally very similar to pyridine but unlike "fishy" pyridine it has a nice nutty, popcorn aroma.....it is also the basis of lots of other pleasant food aromas and tastes (e.g. 2,6 di-methylpyrazine which gives chocolate part of it's taste and flavour) but is as equally useful as pyridine as a precursor in many organic compounds.
The smell of Pyridine reminds me of the tomatosauce of a common "spaghetti-brand" found here called Miracoli:
Also did you mention that Pyridine can cause temporal erectile disfunction?
I've not felt such effects so far though :p
keep up the good work Nile red!
Why is mine coming over ag 70-80c
I guess that if you scale up, that the yield will be far better because of the surface area the mixture gets heated.
Why uses sodium hydroxide instead of sodium sulfate as a drying agent.
What is the best/cheapest heating mantle to get from eBay??
Funny thing, when you showed the receiving flask with the yellow liquid in it, I totally smelled pyridine. Grody-to-the-max. My brain is goofy this evening.
+E2qNX8btraQ3zRD6J7fc Pyridine smells amazing though, no?
Can you please show how to make piperidine from pyridine
The smell of pyridine is honestly hard to describe. It's fishy, yes, but it's more complex than that. It's got this oily-ness to it that's almost like old fryer grease, but then confusingly has just the faintest hint of kind of a floral sweetness. It's a very odd, off putting, but in brief moments ALMOST pleasant smell, but that pleasant aspect to it doesn't last for more than a short, short moment at any given time.
I have a crude yet effective description of the smell of pyridine; semen
@@surkey5055 eh, I don’t think it’s that close. Other ones like spermidine and putrescine smell more like that
@@spiderdude2099 I suppose that could be right since my only experience with pyridine is with novel RC stimulants containing it (MDPHP, APHP, any pyridine based cathinone really) and those smell heavily of semen
If I had a nickel for every time Nigel told me I didn't see something or to forget something, well I'd have a few nickels 😁
Can you try and do synthetic Opal?
could the low yield be explained by the niacin that that came over with the pryidine? You said some niacin precipitated out when you added sodium hydroxide.
Is there a method for decarboxylation that does not involve heat?
+Aaron Rowe i think some cases employ a catalyst that can allow the reaction to occur at room temperature. Most take at least a little heat though
Why not use a drying agent. Or extract the water with brine
Why did you use copper carbonate rather than NaOH for base catalysis
What about making things that stink in a more pleasant way, like eugenol?
+The Kush Connoisseur but who wants nice smelling things??
+Nile Red Eugenol would be nice
hahaha I like what you guys are thinking ;)
I think it's best to extract eugenol. Maybe ill do that eventually
with a few steps you can make eugenol into something reallly nice smelling
Old but for Decarboxylations work best with Cu(+1) ion: Cu powder, Cu2O, CuI. Calcium Oxide like for your Calcium Acetate to Acetone + CaCO3. Lead Oxide is a more efficient catalyst. Pyridine is more nauseating more than toxic.
copper oxide (+2) is known to decompose pyridine, so it is quite likely to have CuO contamination that screws up the reaction
why does it cause rings like that in the condenser i have always wondered why looks really cool
Those are vaapours ?
Do you analyse purity of your products? Is it even possible for hobby-chemist as you do not have access to analytical instruments?
+PopelPtak At home, you can test the most basic things, like melting point, boiling point, etc. Exact purity is very hard to determine without something like an NMR or mass spec, etc.
For AP Chem I'm going to do a demo and I was wondering if you can suggest an experiment that is very interesting and the chemistry behind it is also interesting. I'm thinking about doing multiple iodine clocks with different concentrations and all that jazz, but I want to know your opinion. BTW it can't be too hazardous or take too long, thx.
I'm curious as to how to deal with all the chemical waste you must encounter; do you simply proceed with copious amounts of quenching and down the drain (for most things)?
depends ... acids and bases can be dissolved and/or neutralized, some chlorinated compounds can be neutralized by Fenton's reagent, mercury can be converted to sulfate and extracted, some stuff can be burned (oxidized) before throwing out ... some chemicals however are dangerous to the environment and should be properly disposed of (there are facilities for that, some chem suppliers buy back used solvents for recovery etc.)
6:58 *pyridine
Mmm... without being cheeky, simple humidity might be part of the difference. I spent a good portion of my life in a place that habitually had zero percent humidity.
Reactions that are sensitive to humidity perform better in places that have low humidity. This is partly why certain chemical manufacturing companies have plants in out of the way places.
Random explosions being another reason.
How do you calculate the amount of catalyst needed in a reaction?
Experimentally
Magic Bullet... I would think would be a great mixer for applications such as these.
+Brandon Ottinger (Jaqen H'ghar80) It does work well and I have used it before!
Nile Red Nice, I'm assuming mixing some of this requires respirators though. My old roommate used it for making his special chili. One day walked in while he was grinding up ghost chili and felt like I had walked into the gas chamber at basic training all over again.
Brandon Ottinger Yeah you should use one. Even if you are grinding inert things like chalk. The super small particles are really not good to get into your lungs.
Nile Red good point.
every lab must have: fume hood, rotavap and a Magic Bullet blender :D
Could basic copper carbonate be used to decarboxylate cinnamic acid to styrene?
Hey NileRed! Quick question-is it ok to use a fraction column in addition to the Liebig condenser or would it negatively affect the yield?
Can you make the pyridine from ammoniac end coal tar
Random question, you mentioned you played LoL in comments before. What is your ELO?
Can you use this to do a video making Pyridinium Chlorochromate?
I perform a decarboxylation every day in my vaporizer ;)
vape wut tho?? /s
@@tjyoyo3 he vapes niacin
WAIT.
Is THIS why my old bottle of vitamin B complex smells like a sewer?? The pyridine is decomposing??
Can it be used B3 pills 500 mg ?
Most of it arent actually Niacin, so you have to extract the Niacin using a solvent from the pills first
Basic copper carbonate plus niacin equals pyridine
Me, an intellectual:
Advanced copper carbonate plus niacin equals PROridine
Hey, I got this thought stuck in my head. I think at some point in the past you've done something with mix of petroleum and isopropanol, but what would something like this be used for?
+deldrinov I dont really know what you are referring to? Maybe cleaning sodium with mineral oil?
I wish I had known a context, but cleaning sodium rings a bell.
could you use caoh
can niacinamide be used instead
Thank you
Is this a precursor to piperidine?
in the end are those gel beads?
How long do you plan on making these videos?
+Stephen Smith indefinitely
+Stephen Smith indefinitely
why you using stone murder, not porcelain laboratory?
Why CuCO3 ?
What does pyridine + putrescine + cadaverine smell like?
putrid
Like jizz and fish crushed together and left in a box for a year
Where do you get your Erlenmeyer flasks?
Hi Nile nice vid man
Can you make glow in the dark lanthanum aluminate?
+NileRed What is that mesh thing under your boiling flask?
it is called heating mantle, obviously for heating niacin
6:58 you say "The boiling point of Niacin is 115" Don't you mean "the boiling point of Pyridine is 115"? Great video still, Love your work! :)
+Ben Smit-Colbran ohhh nooo :(. Yes that is what i mean.
@@NileRed Well, as long as you only mix up the names of the chemicals in a video instead of mixing up the chemicals during a reaction, you'll be safe..... ;-)
To make niacin we have to have copper carbonate and niacin.
Basic Copper Carbonate acts as decarboxylation of pyredine
Pyridine has the most nauseating stink, difficult to describe but really revolting and worse than any other substance I came across as a chemistry undergraduate.
Kinda like minty fish
@@chemistryofquestionablequa6252 I know what you mean but that still doesn't do it justice. Maybe rotting minty fish, with a hint of sweetness that makes it worse rather than better.
@@TheGodpharma that's accurate
Are you in university for chemistry?
Could you make a video about Sodium Cyanide?
or CS gas
+Gion Uein i think i will, but i am a little scared of cyanide. Dont want to kill anyone
+Gion Uein i want to and i will at some point
thanks :) love your videos btw
is this safe
chemist of chemistry Not unless you do this in a hume hood or outside and wear proper safety equipment.
I really like the smell of pyridine.
sooo hi uses a stir bar while hes doing a destillation... how does that work, dont those things only work through a magnetic field?
Hallo sir can you provide us this procedure of pyridine synthesis please Sir
@Sean Reinhold I am look more and more but I don't find it can you please give me some notes through vidio or pdf pleas Sir
Watch the video... Its literally is what the video about
Double D: I think I’m going to be sick!
great video, exited for the next! :)
A cool vid would be mercury from fish
Can you cover more in foil?
mercury fulminate crystallized is that even possible
Nathan Lawson mercury fulminate is crystalline.
can u made it risinine from castor beans?
Take it easy there big fella