How do doctors determine what stage of cancer you have? - Hyunsoo Joshua No and Trudy Wu
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- Опубликовано: 29 сен 2024
- Explore the three variables that inform a cancer’s stage number, and how different types of cancer can impact the staging.
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Each year, approximately 20 million people receive a cancer diagnosis. At that time, a patient usually learns their cancer’s stage, which is typically a number ranging from one to four. While staging is designed, in part, to help patients better understand what they’re facing, the number can be confusing. So, what do cancer stages actually mean? Hyunsoo Joshua No and Trudy Wu explain.
Lesson by Hyunsoo Joshua No and Trudy Wu, directed by Jess Mountfield.
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7months ago i lost both my parents, my mom due to cancer and my dad after just 2 days of my mom passing away due to heart attack because of how sad he was, im a 4year med student and ive decided to become an oncologist because i don't want anyone to go through what my beautiful mom went through, i h cancer and ill do all my best to help preventing it
RIP 🕊🕊🕊🕊🕊 and good luck in your studies
rest in peace bro
Rip 🕊🕊
It's amazing your decision, doctors need to be more friendly with patients. Mainly in this cases.
Scariest thing about cancer is that it’s your body’s own system gone awry, it’s not an external threat looking for you like a virus or a bacteria that you can just eliminate quickly.
It’s also uncannily common. One thing that doesn’t surprise me anymore from working in healthcare in how prevalent it is.
We are just like a hardware with some parts starting to error
“That you can just eliminate quickly”??
You understand TB, Cholera, Bacterial Meningitis, Ebola. Anthrax and hundreds more diseases that are viruses or bacteria can’t be “ eliminated quickly “.
@omarrochet.
You're not educated to talk about such matters; viruses and bacteria also live and grow inside the body. By the way, don't feel good about your high thumbs-up rate; these fools are just as uneducated as you!
Disculpe pero eso no es correcto. Lo que se consume a diario es lo que marca la verdadera diferencia entre tener más posibilidades de desarrollar la enfermedad o menos, seguido de los hábitos. La alimentación es primordial a la hora de prevenir y evitar.
My mom was diagnosed with Stage IV Lung Adenocarcinoma last November 2018. She died last December 2023. We fought really hard. I miss you ma.
I'm so sorry 4 ur loss 😢
I was diagnosed with an aggressive stage 4 Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma in my chest which was crushing multiple main veins entering my heart, after the first PET CT scan during chemotherapy treatments they started calling it stage 3b but I never found out why it changed in the notes
Cancer this, cancer that, but no one ever asks how is cancer.
The C word 😢
My cousin lost his battle against leukemia when he was 12. One day, I really hope that we can treat all types & stages of cancer as if we are treating a small pimple.
True but every decade we are closing in on the cure and right now the situation is optimistic af as cancer treatment research is probably one of the most well funded study in the history of humanity. Maybe people viewed small pox in a similar way before the vaccines arrived
They already can
We are now in June and this year alone, every month starting from January, I've had a family member diagnose with cancer every month and lost two person last year December.
I absolutely hate this with all my heart
Nakikiramay po ako sa pumanaw mong pinsan
I still can't treat my pimples
Cancer is bad
It's how my dog died, so... Yeah.
Very enlightening
No sht Sherlock
M’Kay
True.
Same case with my mother. Her stomach ached and we brought her to hospital. After checking up with doctors and a series of med tests, she was diagnosed with stage 4 pancreatic cancer. She passed after 2 months just as the oncologist predicted. She was doing pretty well before. I hate cancer i hope there would be a time when it can be cured or prevented easily. God bless every cancer patient. I know its tough but fight on.
It's not just the stage, it's the type of cancer, ..
My deepest condolences 🙏🏼😔
I'm sorry for your loss, may she rest in peace. I hope you and your family are doing as well as you can ❤
@captaintutan9463.
Big pharmaceutical companies don't want cancer to be eradicated; ill health is good for business.
@@redblade8160you don’t know what you’re talking about.
On a side note, wording makes a HUGE difference. I battled with cancer for more than a decade, and not one of my doctors ever used the word cancer with me. Whenever we discussed, we would always use the more technical terms, even with treatment protocols, and this rationalization had a massive impact on how I dealt with it mentally. There's a lot of stigmatization around the word that makes everything a lot harder for the patients. Of course, there are cases that are terminal, but many aren't, and for those cases, people are often much stronger than they believe.
I’d just like to say you’re very strong and I hope you are doing well now. You’re right. The way people view cancer is what makes it all the more threatening. This definitely needs to change as it affects the patient mentally on top of the already existing conditions
@Tango_Mike.
Do you prefer cancer to be described as "neoplasia", then?
My aunt has beaten cancer thrice and now she's being tested for the fourth time. The test result comes tomorrow hopefully its nothing but false alarm 🤞
Edit:
Sorry for the late reply guys. Results are out and she's cancer free. The doctor said even though there is suspicion of cancer cell growth in the kidney, the chances are really minor. As you can't take biopsy of there due to risk of bleeding he recommended doing the test again after 2-3 months to detect growth if any. Thank you all for the prayers 🙏
🙏🤞🙏
🤞
🙏
hope she will be ok! Also how do you find out if the symptom could be a sign for cancer? How can you find out?
please update us. Hope shes okay!
Cancer is absolutely horrid. My mother found out 19 days before her death that she had two cancerous tumors in her head. We were all completely stunned and horrified. Even the ER doctor was floored! Other than the fact that she suddenly had issues with writing by hand (that's why we were there), there were no other obvious indications that such a thing had occurred. We honestly thought she had a mild stroke.💔
I'm so sorry. The lack of time, the shock. Thank you for sharing this.
Rip 🕊🕊🕊🕊🕊
That's one of the worst news anyone can get in this world, so sorry for your loss
@medusagorgon8432.
The correct spelling is "flawed".
?@@redblade8160
To all of you who Are fighting - i Hope you find light in the darkness
@sandraaalbk7560.
Is that the best you can say?
Battled stage 4 Hodgkin’s lymphoma last year. Been cancer free coming up on 1 year this month. Thankful everyday that I’m still around for my kids.
Congratulations! So glad to hear that!
You're incredible! Congratulations!
God speed man, hope you're living better now
my grandpa died of mouth/throat cancer associated with agent orange from his time in Vietnam last week. i appreciate this explanation very much.
my heart goes out to you 💗
Finally souls of his victims could RIP.
@hakimdiwan5101 okay jane fonda. i hope you never experience a military draft.
@@MissElleHerself Our military don't go across the world destroying lives of people for it's politicians and corporations selfish interests.
@@hakimdiwan5101 are you aware that in Vietnam, the draft was not optional?
During my medical intern years, I learned that M1(with any T or any M) is stage IV, the easiest for solid tumor staging (but the saddest) 🙃
i felt sorry for you
Yes it is true
Yup. Doctors of old also told us when it's begun spreading, that's already Stage IV 😢
But that doesn't mean the end! Different factors such as how fast you had seen/felt its effects, down to how responsive your body is to treatment will dictate the outcome.
But after decades upon decades of research and everything, why is the medicine for it still expensive? 😢😢
Pancreatic cancer is lethal in most cases when compared to many other types of cancer. My dad died due to it and until a couple months before his death he looked totally fit. When his cancer was diagnosed it was already labelled stage four 😢.
It's a silent killer and I hope no one ever has to face it 😞
I’m so sorry
Same here. My dad died of pancreatic cancer and we didn't know until the autopsy. He was sick but my family thought it was a stomach issue. He was hospitalized on Friday and died Wednesday. I never even got to say goodbye. My dad had no chance of survival. Pancreatic cancer is horrible. Silent killer for real.
I was sent to the ER and diagnosed with stage four pancreatic cancer. The doctor told me this, handed me some papers and left the room. He didn't tell me what to do next, just left. I walked out of their knowing that I had maybe 6 months to live. I then went to the VA and was checked again and was told I had Chronic Pancreatitis which needed surgery. That happened in 2021. Always get a second opinion. I was in shock for several weeks after the first diagnosis.
That must have been awful to hear. I hope you're well now!
I've just lost my dad to bladder cancer. He had some small lesions in his lungs, but no major metastasis. I found out that the number one cause of bladder cancer is smoking, which surprised me, but makes sense when you think about it. Miss you pops
I'm so sorry. 😭 Cancer is the worst.
Thank you for sharing this. I'm so sorry for your loss.
@rubievale.
Let that be a lesson to you!
It is really fascinating how humans classify everything in an effort to understand it better. I hate cancer, but I love how people work hard to try to understand it and battle it better
@GabrielaCenturionNeumann.
You obviously have no clue as to what is really going on.
@@redblade8160 That is true about a lot of things in life, but could you be so kind as to tell me in regards to what you are talking about?
"Happiness can be found in the darkest of times,if one remembers to turn on the light". My father had cancer. He won.
@waldirmoreira8551.
I forget to remember to turn off the light!
Cancer staging determines the extent of cancer in the body. It's based on three main variables:
1. T (Tumor) - size of the primary tumor.
2. N (Nodes) - No. of affected lymph nodes.
3. M (Metastasis): Whether cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
Each variable is assigned a number, which together give a detailed picture of the cancer's progression. This information is typically gathered through a biopsy and imaging tests.
Staging helps plan treatment and predict outcomes; higher stages often mean more challenging treatment.
I lost my Father this 4th of July due to cancer. Tumor from lungs metastasized to the brain, his brain has two tumors causing endless headaches. He even described the pain as if he was being drilled in the temple. He is in a safe place now. No more pain pops.
My deepest condolences 🙏🏼❤
@@FullTimePatient37
How many "condolences" do you have left?
My dad had stage 4 colon cancer which spread to his liver and with surgery and chemo, survived for three years before his body started failing, all of the age of 53.
A classmate passed away from osteosarcoma last year, he was 16. I didn't know him well since he couldn't come to school, but it was so sad hearing about it. Hopefully, medicine will get better 10-20 years from now.
It already is. Hopefully, the day will come when we'll look back and think "If only we had this kind of therapy back then..."
@@GabrielWarlock
Educate yourself in the real world instead of going through life with wishful thoughts. There are no institutions working on a cure for cancer, despite what you've heard.
@redblade8160 are you going through something buddy
i just lost my mom to gallbladder cancer. its now my dream to grow up and find a way to treat any type of cancer. its such a dehumanizing, terrifying disease. absolutely horrible.
I also a year ago....
My aunt was diagnosed with cancer stage 4 she's fighting right now 😢
🙏🙏🙏
sending prayers to u and ur family
I pray your aunt gets well soon & wish your family good luck
Wishing all the best for you aunt 🙏
Bless your family
My mother has been diagnosed with stage 4 melanoma this year. At first she told me it was stage 3, but it was only to protect me. I discovered later that it was in fact stage 4. i already knew what the numbers meant at the time, because she had cancer before(stage 2) and because I'm genuinely curious. It doesn't make it hurt less, but it's more straightforward, I guess, easier to say for the person that suffers from the condition. And more practical for the doctors, of course.
Full disclosure, I'm not a doctor nor a healthcare professional. If her melanoma is unresectable but she remains overall decently healthy and strong, she should ask her doctor about lifileucel (Amtagvi). It's a cell therapy that just came out earlier this year for metastatic melanoma and is most effective when given as early as possible in the cancer progression timeline. Best wishes to your mother and hope she stays strong.
@@pettypractice7872 Thank you for the advice and for your support. I quickly looked it up, and even though Amgtavi is compatible fo BRAF mutation, which she has, it has been approved as a therapy only in the US and is not available here in Italy. She is currently responding well to the therapy she is following at the moment (the disease is not spreading)
@@beatricecasini8718 Relieved to hear your mother is responding to the therapy. Hope she makes a complete recovery!
My father passed away last year due to stage 4 brain cancer. Only I know, how difficult it was for me to view this video & honestly I just couldn’t watch it.
I just learned about this few days ago in my veterinary pathology course, nice to get it revised and visualised by ted ed. Now i am never going to forget this topic
My Aunt is awaiting results from a biopsy but her doctors are all but certain it is probably stage 4 cancer. This all happened over the last week, and I cannot tell you how timely this video is in better understanding what it all means. Thank you for this really informative video.
Hey, any updates on this? You don't have to respond if you don't want to - I just want to forward my best wishes to you and your aunt (and everyone else in this comments section, and their relatives)
I'm so sorry to hear this about your aunt. Hopefully she's still with you, but if not, rest in peace
🕊
Wow, the animation in this TED-Ed video is incredible. It really brings the science to life!
I work as an oncology nurse at a major hospital. This short video clip explained the stages of cancer very well. It's important to note that not all cancers are staged; for example, most leukemias are not staged. In the video, they used the TNM system to explain the stages, where T stands for tumors, N stands for lymph nodes, and M stands for metastasized. It's great to see how much cancer treatments have improved over the years.
@JayTee2985.
Oh dear, there are so many with your "woke" mentality.
@@redblade8160Oh dear, there's a mentally ill person in the comments...
@@redblade8160 Oh dear, a person who clearly needs therapy
Good animation. It won't cause anxiety for those who are suffering from cancer. May Almighty God recover those with good health.
We are now in June and this year alone, every month starting from January, I've had a family member diagnose with cancer every month and lost two person last year December.
I absolutely hate this with all my heart
As someone who’s lost more family to cancer, I’d never wish it upon anyone, even if it’s cure able with a pill I’d never wish it. We have to fight to cure cancer
May Allah heal all cancer patients and save others from this disaster.
Researchers and medicine will treat cancer, not Allah or Jesus Christ.
Cancer is inherent to life, better ask him why
Reading some of these comments, I realise that I am truly so blessed; my Dad was diagnosed with stage 4 cancer 8 years ago. He was told he would only survive 2-3 months, but still drives himself to his bi-weekly chemo sessions. 8 years of this, the awful side effects, the pain...he is definitely the strongest person I know 💪
Hello Ted -ed sugestion to next history video: Los Angeles ritos of 1992
Doritos is the evolved form of ritos. It transforms at level 13.
Unfortunatley the different ways cancer is treated have not advanced in 20 years. Why is that?
You are doing great work TED -Ed, sharing this information in such a simple and comprehensive way
Cancers may be threatening but thanks to cancer researchers which now working to detect cancers cell early and ultimately saving lives❤
My paternal grandmother (1907-1971): pancreatic cancer; father was 20 then.
My mother (1953-2004): ovarian cancer; I was 20 then.
My dad just passed away due to pancreatic cancer. When diagnosed, stage 4, he survived for 10 months. So sad to see him when in his last days 😭
Did the cancer come out of no where?
Just got back from visiting my dad with Stage 4 colon cancer. What timing.
Colon cancer is among the worst I wish you all the best in life ❤
my eyes hurt watching it
I had Medulloblastoma when I was 4 and a half. fast forward to know, I am all better. 19 year cancer free! I did have stroke in 2013 thats all gone too now.
Pancreatic cancer is the worst....my mother started showing symptoms only at the beginning of stage 4 and everything went chaos within 2-3 months
Why is no one talking about the animations? xD Its so creative
I really enjoyed the soundtrack for this one.
Technoblade Never Dies
My name is Walter Hartwell White. I live at 308 Negra Arroyo Lane, Albuquerque, New Mexico, 87104. This is my confession. if your reading this comment, I'm probably dead- murdered by my brother-in-law, Hank Schrader.
my mom had an extremely rare cancer knows as ATRT, a brain cancer typically, yet rarely, found in children. To this day, she is one of about 50 adults to ever be reported to have this. How she found out? She is an infectious disease doctor, who is 2014 had a mild head cold, which later, after it had gone away, left parts of her face numb. As an infectious disease doctor, she thought this was just a post viral symptom. She mentions this to a family friend, who just so happens to be a neurologist, who says “yeah, that could be. why don’t you come into my office TOMORROW.” Cancer had already metastasized to the spine, but luckily they caught it quick enough that through a surgery, 6 rounds of chemo, and tons of radiation, she is still here today. I believe she should buy a lottery ticket
My mother passed away 15 days after her cancer diagnosis this January. We didn't even get to know how it started, just some suspicions. She had just given birth to my baby sister 7 months ago,she was completely fine. Idk what happened but this is something I'd never wish upon anyone. The pain, the misery she had gone through, my heart aches for my mother. Too much suffering, she didn't deserve that! To all fighting this demon, please keep fighting!! Y'all are some bravest people I've ever met.
Prayers to her and your family, stay strong I'm sorry this happened to you guys
The graphics of the video moved so fast that it gave me a headache instead of an idea about stage labelling!
The cancer is scary😱😱
Honestly I scale cancer like this:stage 1 cancer(bad),stage 2 cancer(very bad),stage 3 cancer(very very bad),stage 4 cancer(very very very bad)
if you’re reading this may God bless you and your family ❤
Ngl we should probably make a cure for it. I think that that would help a lot of people
I had prostate cancer as confirmed by a biopsy and elevated PSA scores. My father had it. My uncle had it. I'm 70 years old. I chose NOT to have my prostate removed. I took radiation and hormone treatments. My oncologist says my PSA is about .02. He says that's a strong indicator that the cancer is gone. So, for at least the near term, I survived my prostate cancer. He wants to see a new blood test every three months.
Wishing you all the best!
@@ammaranwar5343 Thank-you.
I had large B cell lymphoma back in 2020. They never told me what stage I was even though I asked. They just said it was aggressive and were even uncertain with my biopsy results they had to do another one.
Somewhat disappointed that they didn't even try generalize what each stage means.
I was very fortunate. Thank you to the folks at UNM . I got through stage 4 lymphoma. 😁
I saw a comment that said “what is so hard about cancer? I’m already at stage 4!”
My uncle is currently fighting cancer. He started chemotherapy recently. I wish him the best 😞
is it legal or allowed if the hospital refuses to tell us what stage it is?
my zodiac sign is not a crab, it is a disease.
i think the animation makes the information harder to follow
My teacher used to say "Cancer means no answer" (10 years ago)
Lost a co worker to late stage colon cancer. She turned yellow and I knew she didn't have much time left.😢
technoblade never dies
Cancer can be very scary. I had thyrod cancer, but, it was so early, it barley started. I removed my thyrod. That was 15 years ago.
I am still confused which is why I never studied medicine and anatomy
F cancer. Lost my Mom last year. And it has crippled my father.
Current treatments nothing but BS...
Awareness is most important for a healthy person
It's more complicated than this: DCIS, which I had is stage 0 & they don't stage Basal cell carcinoma either.
Nomenclature in oncology.
Those flashing images really didn‘t help the video. They made the entire thing really annoying instead of informative
I thought that this video was going to tell me what each stage of cancer meant? I feel misled, ripped off.
But still, thank you for your efforts. May you and yours stay well and prosper.
I had stage IV Diffuse Large B cell Lymphoma. My tumor was 10cm big and it's an aggressive cancer to have. I fought with it for over a year before my tumor was small enough for radiation.
Lymphoma specifically attacks the lymph nodes, so I got sick with everything. Blood infections, COVID, nearly dying from seasonal flu.
For some reason, the fact that the animations keep flashing deeply troubles me! I actually had to look away from the screen. Everything else I appreciated, thank you!
Me too. Hard to look at the changing letters and patterns. Just looked away and listened.
Cancer terrifies me.
We all know ,Higher the stage Harder to defeat the boss.
But good news is that stagging isn't a death sentence, it's genetic in my family..a lot has came back from stage four, the problem is when it hits again and again, its like hitting a glass you can repair few times before it's beyond repair..😢
Please create video in simple way dont put continues changing backgrounds because cancer patient is watching thewe videos and my eyes are paining and gettijg headqche becuase of ur vdo.
My brother died at age 25 exactly 9 months after his diagnosis. He had burkitt lymphoma ://
I cant even imagine myself having cancer then go through kmo, taking blood 4 times a day, taking bone narrow, feeling of having 1 day left to live.
Cancer is very dangerous, but I think depression post finding out is what kills people ahead of time.
They also start getting chemo, which makes their lives that much harder. They get discouraged, and lose the will to live.
If the person is positive and has a lot of support, they might live until the chemo starts making a difference.
But many don't. They just fall in depression and die even if the survival rate for their type of cancer is high.
I liked the visualization for this video. Kudos hehe
No idea it was so complicated!
Ooohh I got you, so instead of saying 'yah we figured out how to treat this" they jus downgrade the threat level n charge you the same....
The thing is, after all that painful treatment, a person dies sooner or later, so why undergo all that? I'd prefer not to undergo Chemo nonsense.
Human's immune system when ingesting a delicious meal: That was allergic, let's kill the host.
Human's immune system when you have a cancer: It's ok.
The immune system is killing cancerous cells all the time. The rare occasion when one bypasses those defences is when you have a problem.
My uncle died due to cancer and i want to become an oncologist when I grow up
TechnoBlade NEVER DIEEESSSS!!!!!
Cancer is bad? Gee l thought it was good 😮
Usually numbered 0 to 4 but not all have 0 which is basically the precancer Melanoma is an example of a one with 0.Usually Stages 1 and 2 are the early disorder and 3 and 4, but not always,the late aggressive disease.Mycosis Fungoides,a rare T Cell Lymphoma,is a curious one where 2A is the indolent neoplasm but 2B is the beginning of the aggressive disorder.
A significant work of staging etc. is done by pathologists (doctors for pathology). That’s important to know.
The cure for cancer might be one of the biggest achievements of humankind. I have relatives with cancer, and it's painful to think how they feel. Like your body just suddenly betrays you and spread that betrayal everywhere...
Why the heck is this video so trippy like stop animating a single letter multiple times