How Fevers REALLY Work
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- Опубликовано: 1 июл 2021
- Fevers are one of our best weapons against infections, but they don't work like you might think.
We'd like to give a big thank you to Sharon Evans from the Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center for sharing her expertise for this video!
LEARN MORE
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To learn more about this topic, start your googling with these keywords:
Fever: a rise in body temperature, usually caused by infection
Heat shock proteins (HSP): a family of proteins that are produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions
Neutrophils: white blood cells that play an important role in inflammation and are early responders to pathogens.
T cells: major components of the adaptive immune system whose roles include regulating the immune response to pathogens.
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CREDITS
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Kate Yoshida | Script Writer, Narrator and Director
Arcadi Garcia i Rius (@garirius) | Illustration, Video Editing and Animation
Nathaniel Schroeder | Music
MinuteEarth is produced by Neptune Studios LLC
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Ever Salazar • Leonardo Souza • Kate Yoshida
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REFERENCES
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Appenheimer, M.M. & Evans, S.S. (2018) Temperature and adaptive immunity. Handbook of Clinical Neurology 156: 397-415. linkinghub.elsevier.com/retri...
Casadevall, A. (2016) Thermal Restriction as an Antimicrobial Function of Fever. PLoS Pathog 12(5): e1005577. journals.plos.org/plospathoge...
ChangDong L. et al. (2019). Fever Promotes T Lymphocyte Trafficking via a Thermal Sensory Pathway Involving Heat Shock Protein 90 and α4 Integrins. Immunity 50(1):137-151. www.cell.com/immunity/fulltex...
Evans, S.S. et al. (2015) Fever and the thermal regulation of immunity: the immune system feels the heat. Nature Reviews Immunology 15(6): 335+. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Hasday, J.D., Thompson, C., Singh, I.S. (2014) Fever, immunity, and molecular adaptations. Comprehensive Physiology 4:109-48. onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/1...
Hasday, J.D. & Singh, I.S. (2000) Fever and the heat shock response: distinct, partially overlapping processes. Cell Stress Chaperones 5:471-480. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
Javid, B., MacAry, P.A. & Lehner, P.J. (2007) Structure and function: heat shock proteins and adaptive immunity. Journal of Immunology 179:2035-2040. www.jimmunol.org/content/179/...
Mackowiak, P. A.: Direct effects of hyperthermia on pathogenic microorganisms: teleological implications with regard to fever. Reviews of Infectious Diseases 1981, 3: 508-518. academic.oup.com/cid/article-... 
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vaccines are bad
wait one second. this video came out 3 minutes ago but this comment says it is 12 hours ago? how did you guys do that lol
:)
why is there no link to the new series on nebula?
@Ryan Roshan wow you fell for commenting on my stupid comment
whos watching that has a fever too 😂😊
Me
Literally no one
Me
Me
Me😂
to anyone watching this because they have a fever: i hope you get well soon
Thnkyou so much its amazing how your one comment can help me like this 🎉🎉
Immune system: Turns up the heat to fight an infection
Human: pops an aspirin to undo all of the immune systems work
Immune system: Who's side are you on?
I thought medicines speed up the recovery process hence, why your body don't heat up itself anymore?
@@TheTriple2000 Nope that's not how it works. Medicine is more about reducing the symptoms of infection than fighting the infection itself.
The only things we have that actually help fight infections are antibiotics and vaccines. And vaccines only warn the immune system so it does all the fighting!!
Don't know about aspirin but paracetamol(a common fever medication) works mainly by reducing the pain/headache associated with fever rather than lowering the temperature, so your body can still take advantage of high temp. while you also feel no headache/symptoms.
@@MGSLurmey technically, vaccines only hide the symptoms too. Whatever it is protecting you from, it'll only make so your immune system doesn't overload when fighting a disease, but the disease is still there.
@@questionminecrafter paracetamol (acetaminophen, Tylenol) are anti pyretics meaning they reduce fever
Always wondered this, but never actually looked for an answer. Great video
(/wave) love your channel too!
An engineer is attending biology class.
@@inamulhaque1258 they say many engineers are inspired by nature.
I m suscribed to both channels🤘
@@fangabxyfangabxy8563 many engineering ideas have come from nature, hes just learning for new video ideas lmfao
How does the body increase its temperature?
By increasing metabolism?
That would be my question, since it doesn't seem to use the method when it's freezing...
At the lowest level of abstraction, proton gradient that previously used as an energy source for atp synthase to recharge adp to become atp, being channelled directly through the mitochondrial membrane via proton pore. Because of the potential energy from gradient is released as kinetic energy, the proton heats up it's surrounding. Basically short circuit.
It's complicated, but essentially the immune system triggers the production of molecules called pyrogens, which are then detected by the brain, which bumps up the "set point" of your body temperature in response. To reach the new, higher set point, our bodies generate extra heat internally (e.g. shivering) as well as reduce heat loss (e.g. constricting our blood vessels). -Kate
Geil, ich hätte nicht erwartet ClemensAlive hier zu sehen🤣👍
@@MinuteEarth thank you :) can you also explain why I am feeling freezing cold at the same moment?
I was about to suggest a cop movie starring the immune system but then I remembered Osmosis Jones already existed
There’s also Cells at Work if you want an anime version.
You should also check Cells at Work if you like personified immune systems!
cells at work does a way better job at this
For those of you reccomending Cells at work, I want you to remeber that anime is cringe
@@legitimate8463 takes cringe to know cringe, eh, boyo?
"Next time you get a fever, give it a warm welcome."
Also stay HYDRATED. Seriously, best thing you can do for yourself.
Yea this is true I once hat a fever that went 5 days but I was to weak and sleepy to do something, when I went to the doctor she was like omg you are dehydrated 😅
It’s important to make sure you get water and stay hydrated 🥺
Huh... I legit did not know this, or even guess anything like it. Thanks for the new tidbit and changing how I see the world in a small way.
@@dinoricky5188 I didn't want to crow first from any rooftop, but I really was just... surprised at how fevers worked. Mind, blown.
@@DavidSilverGames I’m just being nice
@@dinoricky5188 As am I, I do hope?
I literally woke up this morning with a fever. Excellent timing MinuteEarth.
bruh saamme
I'm better today tho
Same with me
Same
My body: Gets fever to fight infection
Me: Takes fever reducer
My body: *Disappointed Pakistani cricket fan
There are some interesting results suggesting that reducing your temperature doesn't reduce the increased effectiveness of the bodies response. Weird stuff, I'm sure something that we'll learn more about over the next few decades!
@@Dngrcrw That makes sense actually. It's not literally the heat but all the things the body does to produce the heat, which could still be happening.
Is this really who I think this is?
@@Dngrcrw *body's
thanks for inspiring me to animate on studio
I totally thought a fever was more of a chemical thing, pumping enzymes and increasing metabolism or something. Really neat to get this closer look into what's going on. Love how you connect things back to something we all know and connect it back to the topic at hand (exercise overheating vs fever over-heating)
You're right though - the mechanism for initiatiting and controlling a fever requires a lot of complicated chemistry and biology too! -Kate
I thought it was due to the Van't Hoff Rule where a chemical reaction doubles in its speed for every 10°C temp increase, essentially reducing your time being sick.
Yh
I need someone to re-ravel me like that heat shock protein at 1:36
What a coincidence!
I'm suffering from high fever and then suddenly this video!
Hope you get well soon
Well, make sure you give it a warm welcome.
Yeah get better soon
WoW!
Thanx for the well wishes everyone!
Really grateful!
They know.
Watching this with a fever and sore throat, rooting for the home team 🤧
2:52 aaaaaah thank you so much for this footnote. i keep offering this advice to everybody but it's rarely appreciated.
Sometimes I get all emotional about how great our body is. Other times I get angry at how bad it is.
I love this because then this tracks the evolution of an immune response as an adoption of an existing physiological response. It’s like proof of how evolution is a series of small changes and accidents that build upon one another and aren’t always the most efficient just “good enough”
Maybe I do want to be a biology major
Evolution like a lazy software developer
"When I turn up the temperature, the human gets better. Dont know why"
"Meh, ship it"
I thought that heat in our body when we have a fever was not good but you've help me a lot to learn about this thing. This is really great enlightenment in me.
Thumbs to this video. 👍
Good job explaining the very complex immune response in such understandable terms!
The animation is so cute and colourful making it more watchable for younger audiences and it teaches stuff in the simplest way whilst still making sense
I hope to see this in schools
Actually i'm still curious about which organ produce the heat.
I know brain controls it, but when we get fever and rest, our muscle didn't move that much to produce heat. So where the heat came from?
Also when I get fever, I usually covered my self in blanket to reduce heat loss to surrounding air. Does this a good idea? will it reduce load of organ "heat producing" work?
I think that heat is usually produced as a byproduct of digestion in the gut and the energy cycle in cells (ATP, NAD+, sugars being broken down -- all that good stuff). I've always wondered if when you get a fever it's because either these processes are speeding up or your body closes down some of the heat-shedding mechanisms to hold heat in longer. Time for a follow-up video maybe?
@@HdaveH agree, the chemical process it self is exothermic, thus generating heat.
but when having fever, my foot is much colder than my forehead, does it means some part of the body "burns" more than the other?
@@illiacvie I'm guessing here. Body fluids have high heat capacity so they are the main carrier of waste heat through the body. I think when part of you is hotter / colder than other parts it is because of enhanced / restricted blood flow.
Hypothalamus is the organ which makes all the body organs to generate heat... That's what I found on google.
Most people feel like they are cold when they have a fever, which suggests your body is probably just using the same strategies its got to warm you up to normal temperature when its cold. Hence cold hands and feet because there's less circulation to the extremities, and sometimes even shivering, plus convincing you you're cold makes you want to curl up under a blanket/next to a heater to make the job of heating up easier.
The drawings in this one are so good and I love the heat shock proteins.
I feel like the animations have all gotten faces and I love it!!
This is the cutest video explaining something about the immune system I have ever seen.
I learnt all of this from an anime about 2 years ago 😶😶 but still came to watch the video, because I love your videos
hahah, yeah, i recognized everything from cells at work as well XD
@@johnqpublic2718 it just depends on which dialect the person speaks, nothing more
@@johnqpublic2718 I've been taught "learnt" so I'd use that
@@johnqpublic2718 r/iamverysmart
@@johnqpublic2718 Pretty sure it's actually an irregular verb for example dived (regular) and dove (irregular).
This is so great! Thank you!
Re: that last (not medical advice) health tip - my usual self-medication for a fever is more water. It's also my go-to med for sore muscles, stomach upset, flus and colds, and much more.
Works pretty well for those less-severe cases.
Immune system: Increase body temperature to save you.
Me (taking paracetamol): I think, No.
The narrator did the best job on keeping me from realising that I didn't understand anything
Sometimes I take a hot bath when I feel sick, then I usually feel better almost immediately
Thank you so much sister ❤️❤️
Thanks for this super informative video❤
Thanks for the video.
Yet another thing I thought I knew but really didn't. Thanks MinuteEarth.
I highly appreciate this information being shared, as I have been telling people a lot about this since I came to know. However, I would have wished that this channel gave a look into the harms of high temperature as well, as researches have pointed out. It may not be the best strategy to let fever run its course, in case of high fevers.
I like the animation for the t cell being helped by the heat shock protein
This isn't really relevant but my school used your river video about meanders and ox bow lakes. I was very happy
I just finished watching Crash Course: Anatomy and Physiology not too long ago, and I believe they brought up a different not-too-well-known point:
The increased speed of body processes during a fever also means that cells are able to recover faster, as well as everything mentioned in this video.
This taught me so much
Such a nice voice to explain things.. Informative and 🆒 video
When you watch Cells at Work and you understand this fully
I learned same thing in my degree college in zoology class and it was so fun to tell what I learned to everyone both in home and outside and I love zoology though I am studying chemistry...
Thanks for putting both c and f
I actually spend a couple of seconds trying to convert 65°C to Celsius, before realising it was already in Celsius....
I don't understand why people dislike your great videos
This is a quite appropriate video, as me and most of my age have recently experienced some fever like symptoms after the vaccination.
This is like among us think about it the immune cells looks like an imposter
Thumbnail: I see your thermometer is as big as mine!
I love your videos and learing from them
TY 😊
You're getting better with animations!
2:04 WHY IS THE ANIMATION SO SMOOTH!?
Amazing represention of Hsp70. Hilarious with T cell. Love the video. When I saw the thumbnail, I thought it was for kid and adults who have forgotten the immunity topic from high school but this was so much more that a mere high school text book. Thanks for the knowledge, really opened my mind for fevers.
PS: I am in High School.
I never knew being WARM during fever was a good thing.............Thnx for the information
I love these animations.
2:00 that animation was cute af
I knew some of this already which makes me feel smart 🤓
Stfu 🙄 you are making us look bad😩😅 😂😂
Great video...!!!
0:51 These illustrations are so cute & hilarious 🤣🤣 Lmao
I rarely get sick, and if I feel an cold / illness coming on, I usually feel slightly chilly and have a small headache with it (probably fever but haven't checked). I wrap up with extra blankets at night, and by the next morning it's usually gone and I feel great. Fever ftw!
0:50
White is an impasta😂
I love the animation
It's so cute
The heat shock proteins are so cute ❤️
I currently have a fever and thus got recomded to me Lol. Hope i get better soon
I don't know how this works but one night I had symptoms of fever and instead of accepting the increase in temperature, I, like an idiot, put on a fan and it was also cold, I went to sleep and the next day when I woke up feeling very tired and my body still wanted to raise the temperature. At that moment I remembered how in an anime they said that if you had a fever it was good for you to sweat and be hot, in order to heal yourself. I put on a hoodie and turned off the fan. I don't like to sweat but I think it helped my body. Always taking care of your head, because they say that your brain can be damaged.
O
As an additional fact: the optimal working temperature of most enzymes is higher than your regular body temperature, so chemical processes become more efficient when you have a fever.
I'm glad that at the end of the video they mentioned that fever reduction medicines *probably* shouldn't be used unless necessary. But I've actually always wondered if that that's the case with other medicines we use in order to reduce cold symptoms. Most of our bodies' reactions have a purpose, like generating mucus to expel pathogens. Does that also mean we should skip out on the cold medicine too and let our bodies take the reigns as we rest and hydrate? Will that make us heal faster, or is the difference negligible enough where we can increase our comfort with medicines without increasing the amount of time sick?
Actually kinda disappointing they put that. There was a study (not sure if multiple) that found no difference in recovery rates between patients given fever reducers and patients left to have fever.
So do whatever you want, but know that neither way is really "better".
When the body increases the heat to activate a mechanism meant to stop the damage from the heat in the first place.
neutrophils look so cute
I'm having a strong fever since yesterday. It feels like this video was posted just for me
I got one recently over the vaccine, nice to know.
I was just vaccinated today. And now this video when I felt super feverish. Made my day heh. Thank you
Well, I did not knew those little heat induced things, so now the image of robust orange wire persons was welcomed to stay in my mind
Thanks, really interesting. I always assumed heat it was mainly a way to slow down bacteria and virus, but turns out it's mainly to speed up the good guys 😁😉
Can you do a series on RUclips about the immune system?
A raised body temperature may not kill off bacteria, but it can and does kill fungal infections. In fact, there is a direct parallel between an organism's usual operating temperature and the number of fungal species it is susceptible to infection with in the first place (the higher the temperature, the fewer infecting species). This has actually been suggested as one of the reasons organisms evolved higher operating body temperatures to begin with.
I have a father that passed from T-Cell Lymphoma, and never have really understood what T-Cells are. Could you explain a little bit more about those specifically, or point me to some good "beginner biology" resources for that?
God I just ADORE Kate's voice!!!!!! I wish she'd narrate an audiobook lol 🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗🤗
I have a fever right now. ngl dis video made me at ease
this came into my mind and searched it while i had a fever
You didn't dissuade me from, and somewhat confirmed, my theory: that the raised temperature is a signal so that attacks are coordinated. You don't want one part of the body attacking while another part is unaware of the need
Can you include footnote citation reference numbers per slide? It helps us verify info quickly. Thank you!!!
Would this mean taking medicines like paracetamol or aspirin which reduces body temperature is a bad idea?
Based on the research, it's likely better not to take a fever reducer unless your temp is dangerously high. But definitely consult your doctor!!
It reminds me of an emergency alarm, like the red lights you see in movies
Interesting. I always assumed this was "just" to get chemical reactions to go faster - hence faster cell (re)production, more active immune cells (which seems to actually be the case) and generally more active metabolism. All of that should allow the body to fight more aggressively (probably with collateral damage + more wear and tear due to higher temperature). I never thought this was so immune system specific. In any case: great video. It is always nice to learn new things in a few minutes (without having to watch a 30 min video) :D
How does the body know what temperature to stop at? I guess a better question, why does the body eventually go to 106/107°F even though that temperature becomes dangerous/lethal?
Video: "If you get a fever, give it a warm welcome" **Having a big party**
Someone with Covid19: "Oh boy, time for a party" **Takes a bus to Walmart for party supplies**
I got fever just today and this video popped in my recommendation 😳
Tnx
I always knew that fevers were the body's response to infection and not caused by the infection but I did not know about it activating so many cells.
When you have a fever the imposter saves you 1:20
I almost never have a fever and my normal body temperature never goes much above 36°C 😅 (Tho I got a little warmer since I consume more healthy foods 🤔)
I feel extremely weak when fighting any infection and it takes me ages to recover...
Nice to see how it _should_ work and why it does when it eventually happens 😄
I thought you meant Fahrenheit at first, and I was going to comment, "How are you even alive? That's so dang cold!"
Question. Does this heat response also occur in people who go to the sauna? Could that benefit your immune system? Or would it harm it?
Unfortunately my dad died because of a fever that got too hot for him to even handle. Just recently i too had a fever too and i was a bit scared ngl
The three days I spent in bed when I got salmonella was the absolute worst days I've probably ever had. The whole body was super sensitive and everything hurt. I stayed under a blanket even though my body felt like 45°C. Didn't even eat anything for two days except water. The body sure is a mystery, but at least now, it won't be so bad if I get salmonella again.
When i was a child, my doctor always told me to wait out a fever as long as its not too hot and not going on for longer than about 3 days. This makes sense as to why she told me to ride it for a while.
My body feels like the core of sun🌞 while watching..
great video as usual,but you should change the title to"the TRUE reason we get fever".
the current title is a bit misleading,I thought that you were going to analyze the mechanisms in the body that cause the raise of the temperature.
Oh so that's why my dads turns on the heater and close my door, so that more heat could help my body, Wow good to know.
I was waiting for her to mention the part where too high a fever can kill you. Like around 42.2C or 108F is enough for organ failure.
Absolutely. If your fever goes 41°C, you should try to pull it down
Definitely true! But this whole process is very tightly regulated and *generally* our bodies rein in a fever before it gets that high.
@@Danny0lsen you should go to A&E if that happens lmao
So would raising your body temperature using something like a hot bath or sauna have a similar effect?