I am so elated that I live in the time these discoveries and in the age of the Internet where all this information can be shared freely. Im just a 36 year oilfield worker who has always had an interest in universal physics.
I'm the same age and I'm quite distraught that I won't be younger when we answer more of these questions in the future. I hate being stuck in time. It makes everything pointless. In the scale of trillions of years, I won't ever learn or contribute anything.
This popped into my recommendations recently. It's worth looking into what happened after this video was made. The B-Modes observed when this video was made were later attributed to other phenomena. Data collection capabilities are still being improved
But there is still room for optimism. Those results, contaminated as they are, have awakened a huge interest in constructing better experiments and new methods for determining B-modes. As we speak, there are huge collaborations that are working on that
Thanks for writing this. After RUclips recommended this video to me, I went straight to the comments section to see how far down I'd have to go to find this comment. I'm leaving a reply in the hopes that this thread gets bumped up a few. Like KyrSt, I'm holding out hope for a future announcement of irrefutable B-mode polarization.
Fine point said gravitational waves dont care about plasma in its way. You know this is a typical video I like. You folks picked a small segment, spoke at right speed, was sequential, did such a fantastic job. I enjoyed it so much. If somebody picks 20 different ideas say in a video, I don't like them for understanding. Because each one is very detailed. So you have information overload.
Can some one tell me why? Like the chain of reasoning that explains why its worthwhile? And not an argument like all the technology that came from the moon missions.
@@jackismname why? So you can gain some insight into your purpose on the earth. Don't you ever wonder why you're here or why you exist in the first place? Asking these questions is one of the core tenets of humanity. If these aren't natural questions to you, then you've lost your humanity.
@@harleyspeedthrust4013 I'm sorry but you haven't convinced me at all, if I'm being blunt and honest what you just said sounds vaguely religious and not a strict mathematically logical progression
@@jackismname And you've just reinforced my point. If you operate entirely on logic and mathematics and not at all on emotion, then you don't have your humanity.
I'm glad they didn't actually find the B-mode polarization, and hence primordial gravity waves, since that would've put the kibosh on Steinhardt and Turok's ekpyrotic cyclic model, which I find very satisfying.
Gosh you have to love Science, so humble from the Professor to say im not the best person to ask about this, even though he prob knows more about it than 99% of the world he still knows to hedge his bets to say they are more qualified scientist in this field.
I really like how you interlaced Dr. Copeland's and Dr. Merrifield's interviews to include both the theory's relation to the world of non-science with its more technical aspects. That is the balance you should be striving for - a little bit above the PBS-style documentaries, but brought down enough for your average person to understand and appreciate.
Physicists always get the importance of their work backwards. Instead of saying this work will not change the price of milk (13:50) they should say our everyday lives will have no effect on the cosmic mystery of the creation of the universe.
I was in that office yesterday for my university interview! It was so surreal to be chatting and laughing with Prof Merrifield. I even got a cute sixty symbols ruler to take home. :)))))))))
I really like the cautious optimism shown. We will have to wait some time, probably a couple of years, before we have independent confirmation and the data has been thoroughly scrutinized before we quite uncork the champagne. Still this is very exciting news. I'm eager to see what type of confirmation we will see. Great vid Brady, been waiting for this one, nice work :D
A recent update in this saga. Sounds like galactic dust might might have played Old Harry with their interpretation of the data. physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2014/sep/22/bicep2-gravitational-wave-result-bites-the-dust-thanks-to-new-planck-data
they talked a lot about inflation theory. I study at Imperial College, and recently we were given a talk by leader in an area of theoretical physics research called variable constants. He said that there are so many inflation theories that whatever the data had been, it could have been said to be evidence for inflation. He has been working on a theory that supposes that the speed of light is not constant but can change, which only predicts one thing for the data, and it matches very well.
Thanks for another really interesting video! In regard to the cosmic microwave background radiation, I understand that there is a potential problem of different regions of the universe not having had time to communicate with each other, and that this might mean that those regions oughtn't necessarily be the same temperature (for instance) - even though it's observed that they ARE, in fact, very very close to the same. I also understand that inflation is one solution to this problem (one that's now widely accepted.) But I can only assume that this means that the idea of particles in the universe (or even, I suppose, the universe as a whole, in some sense) either couldn't have been 'entangled' - or that even if that were so, it wouldn't solve the problem. I wonder if you could (if you haven't already!) do a video discussing entanglement that discusses what information exactly can or can't be entangled (i.e., "communicated") - & what that means for various physics processes. Thanks again! tavi.
Q. What causes gravity? My guess: Something external to our universe which is not a force in the way we experience electro-magnetism, for instance. My theory is that there is a whitenoise of space-time expansion at nearly every point in space, apart from where singularities exist (black holes, particles, etc.) The differential caused by the in-flow of space-time from a higher dimensional universe would cause the gravitational effects we see today. Objects that are 'pushed' toward one another rather than being 'pulled' together. So gravity wouldn't actually be a force in the same way that the other forces work, and the other forces would be abstractions of gravitational effects but on a smaller level. Wherever there is a singularity, there are these effects. Some simgularities we call subatomic particles; Some bigger ones we call black holes. In my theory, since our universe is a sub-universe of a larger one and we are existing inside a black hole, my guess is that galaxies are actually the after-glow of individual atoms from a dying star. These atoms would be quantised to a new Planck length which is based upon the physics within the black hole universe, therefore causing subdivision of the atom into a giant cloud of matter that goes to create stars. Only a theory, though. Had to share.
Could you explain more about light polarization? I can think of so many questions - what does it mean? How does it behave in light? How does it behave in other waves? Why does it get blocked by certain sunglasses and LCD? Can we see this in electromagnetism? Does it effect the wave's energy? How is it explained mathematically? What happens to the frequencies? Can we see polarization in DSP, like audio waves or videos?
Great video. Question though: Gravitational waves imprinted their pattern on light polarization at t1=10-35 seconds. The light we observe (microwave background) emerged from the opaque universe at t2=180 000 years after many scattering events. Why didn't the information about polarization get lost during t1 and t2 in this dense universe?
So science communicators are the losing team? Yeah, I know, "only a joke" etc. Still says something that's bad for scientists and non-scientists alike.
Penny Lane How can he become a better communicator? with first hand knowledge of course! Of course 'the winning team' is a bit tongue in cheek. It's not for everyone
TheMajorpickle01 I'm not sure about that. For one thing, the skill sets needed to be an academic and a good science journalist or science communicator are not identical. But more importantly, I think there is some beauty in the concept as it is, of interviewing someone who is an expert in a field while the interviewer themselves assumes the role of an interested layperson. I think there is a certain sweet spot of knowledge for the interviewer. Obviously, if he or she doesn't know jack about science, that's a disaster. But being too deeply involved doesn't help you see the big picture and it doesn't help you ask the questions the audience is most likely to have. I'm not saying it's impossible for an expert in a field to also be a good communicator. There are always people who are amazing at pretty much everything. But I do believe that it can make things more difficult.
The fact that no primordial milk-price changing waves have been detected yet doesn't mean they don't exist. They will probably be found emanating from somewhere between the Planck scale and the holy cow scale. The only thing that is already known about them with apodictic certainty is that their propagation is unidirectional, i. e., the price of milk is only going to go up under their influence. Declining milk prices are not a question science can deal with. Given their nature, they belong to the realm of metaphysics. They are a matter of theology, similar to other phenomena classified as miracles.
Paulis exclusion principles comes from the fact that everything cannot be homogeneous and identical otherwise you won't have variations in gene or evolution or universe expansion.
It can't have a frequent without having a wavelength. And without those I couldn't be described as being a wave. It has to have another property too which an amplitude. And for this type of side-to-side sine wave(think wiggly rope) as opposed to a push pull wave (think slinky) the wave can also have a rotation or polarisation . These gravity waves have turned out stronger than expected - very exciting especially this is something that might be independently verified.
Heres a practical reason why knowing this is important too: Because inflation is a circumstance where a section of space can be separated from another section of space faster than the speed of light. And that, boys and girls, puts the warp drive back in the game (Well it sort of has been since Alcubierre's solution of Einstein's field equations.) as a thing that might be possible. Strap on your spacesuit boys and girls, we've got a date with the vulcans!
Did any one notice Proffessor Copeland's eyes coming alit when he mentioned the grand unification? Please ask them to do a video on the different unifications of the forces!
Could gravity be a secondary force to the electromagnetic force? Both the gravitation force and electromagnetic force use the inverse square law could they be part of the same process?
Could they both emerge from the same theory? Sure, that's been the program of String Theory for almost 40 years now. Could they be the same? No. The inverse square laws are both very special nonrelativistic cases. In general the two 'forces' just don't share the same symmetries.
Well you're not the only one to not be able to find an experiment for it. Kaluza and Klein first proposed this idea almost 100 years ago. So far the evidence says that their theory is incorrect.
So could there be high energy quantum entangled gravitational particles at opposite ends of the universe that became separated at the earliest moments of the expansion?
The LIGO detectors in Louisiana and Washington are in their respective locations because they are the same distance apart as the wavelength of a gravitational wave. If a gravitational wavelength is over a thousand miles, how would gravitational waves affect photons before the universe was large enough for them to propagate? Surely all that gravitational energy would be mediated through higher-energy particles with smaller wavelengths. This brings us to my next question. If the limited size of the universe gave inflation a head start until it was over a thousand miles in diameter, how could the gravitational waves reach the other side in order to slow down the rate of inflation?
LIGO is a fantastic success of science history. Only we have to know how it works. In it spacetime itself gets compressed and stretched when gravity wave passes though the arms of interferometer resulting access or deficit of wave length of coherent laser beam to produce fringes at that very instant when the wave of gravity reached ligo arm.
? How can they determine that the oldest detectable microwave is 300,000 years old? (since it is stated that prior to that the microwaves were bouncing in a medium dense enough to trap the radiation within) ? What sort of indicator is used to determine the cosmic background radiation age? ? And also, how can they determine how old the universe was prior to the release of this background radiation in its current form? Thanks in advance!
I would recommend that you read and old but good book: "The First Three Minutes" by Steven Weinberg. The number 300,000 years comes out of our theory of the development of the universe. If you look at the expansion rate and the energy density and then work backwards, you come to the conclusion that the universe before 300,000 years ago was too hot to support neutral atoms, but it cooled enough for electrons to start orbiting nuclei around about that time.
If Einstein tells us that gravity is due to spacetime curvature, and is not a force acting on mass-energy, why are we still searching for its force-carrier, the graviton?
"Why hasn't this "left over background radiation" radiated away already?" It has, it is constantly radiating "away" from here in the universe to there in the universe. But, since here is receiving as much radiation as it is giving up, you still have the "heat" of the original universe everywhere. And, as I understand it, the CMB (and this polarization) is like a photograph of the state of the universe before it inflated, because once it inflated, here doesn't have enough time to radiate to the furthermost there and change the "photo" -- at least I think that holds up as a loose analogy.
C^2 is literally meters^2/seconds^2 it IS AN EXPONENTIALLY GROWING AREA. this is the first sign that inflation occours. square accelleration. Energy = (Force / Acceleration in a direction)(299 792 458 meters^2 / seconds^2)
Just a thought, Brady, but next time you show that polarisation diagram with the cosmic microwave background, could you actually scale it down and position it so we can see exactly which part of it was imaged, given the labels on the axes clearly indicate it's not of the whole sky?
Just wondering. With the ability to detect these gravitational waves (primordial or not) can we explain or confirm the existence of dark matter and/or energy since dark matter and/or energy interact or exist (?) through these gravitational waves?
If there are gravitational waves, does it mean there might be anti-gravitational waves as well? If yes, could we ever built a device which will GENERATE these anti-gravitational waves? That would make the science fiction ideas of anti-gravity a reality...
Not really... That's like saying because there's gravity, ant-gravity must also exist. But if it makes you feel any better, dark energy kinda acts like anti-gravity, the only catch is that all it does is ripping universe apart.
Unfortunately this episode can be shelfed. The measurement of the primordial graviational waves is proven to be false recently. Maybe a better measurement can be done. So I am not saying that this video must be deleted, just shelfed.
Is the polarization constant in a single spot in the sky all over the year? Maybe they should include some stars on that map to get an idea of the position and size.
To add to the already very convivial conversation concerning the relation between electromagnetic radiation (as well as acoustic waves) and gravitational waves, Professor Copeland said that gravitational waves don't get canceled out. I know this is contrary to the properties of acoustic vibrations, as noise-canceling headphones take advantage of the fact that there exists destructive interference - the cancellation of waves employing their sinusoidal opposites. My question, among others which have been conjured by my thinking of this, is what in the properties of gravitational waves made us adopt the colloquialism of the term wave, as they don't seem to manifest any such behavior we would expect from some other form of oscillations such as light and sound. Also, simply to elucidate an additional idea which came to mind; considering the wave-particle duality of light and its apparent transcending nature relative to that of simple sound waves, could there be a similar relationship between gravitational waves and light waves, in which gravitational waves reign supreme in their mystery? In other words, are gravitational waves - the curvature of spacetime to light waves as light waves are to sound waves? It seems to me that both our limited conception of a literalistic application of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity in a plane combining space and time which are, in Stephen Hawking's expression, "inextricably interconnected" as well as the limited understanding we have concerning the current dual theory of light would be equivalent in their mystery. But I am but a mere boy seeking recognition for my attempt at understanding the Universe. Good day.
Sounds like a grand unified theory taking account of both inflation and the (problem of) general relativity would involve rate of acceleration within an accelerating universe - such that there would be a third (or fourth, with quantum mechanics included) level of relativism to any potential acceleration.
There should be an update pinned to the that the BICEP2 paper was withdrawn.
Yes, I would like to hear an update on this: _Cosmic inflation: New study says BICEP claim was wrong_ BBC News 30 January 2015
I am so elated that I live in the time these discoveries and in the age of the Internet where all this information can be shared freely. Im just a 36 year oilfield worker who has always had an interest in universal physics.
Nice headline.
I'm the same age and I'm quite distraught that I won't be younger when we answer more of these questions in the future. I hate being stuck in time. It makes everything pointless. In the scale of trillions of years, I won't ever learn or contribute anything.
Pyagrl*16 Well, not with that attitude!
Do you believe that the universe is fine tuned if so who fine tuned it?
This popped into my recommendations recently. It's worth looking into what happened after this video was made. The B-Modes observed when this video was made were later attributed to other phenomena. Data collection capabilities are still being improved
But there is still room for optimism. Those results, contaminated as they are, have awakened a huge interest in constructing better experiments and new methods for determining B-modes. As we speak, there are huge collaborations that are working on that
Thanks for writing this. After RUclips recommended this video to me, I went straight to the comments section to see how far down I'd have to go to find this comment. I'm leaving a reply in the hopes that this thread gets bumped up a few.
Like KyrSt, I'm holding out hope for a future announcement of irrefutable B-mode polarization.
So it won't change the price of milk?
:(
***** Indeed, being possible evidence of _inflation_ and all that.
Milk being sold at $1 per litre is already too cheap.
Personally, I don't fully understand some of the things these videos talk about, but I just really enjoy listening to people talk about the universe.
The time between the big bang and the gravitational waves they found is about the same amount of time that content on the Internet stays original.
*"Sharing science in a way the world will understand it"*
...that's what Brady does! _Hurray for brady_ :D
We need an update on this.
Excellent excellent talk Prof Copeland and Merrifield!!
Thank you Brady!!!
Fine point said gravitational waves dont care about plasma in its way. You know this is a typical video I like. You folks picked a small segment, spoke at right speed, was sequential, did such a fantastic job. I enjoyed it so much.
If somebody picks 20 different ideas say in a video, I don't like them for understanding. Because each one is very detailed. So you have information overload.
This is by far my favorite SixtySymbols video.
The last few words from the professor were amazing!!
I pity people who question in earnest if answering the question where the universe came from is worthwhile.
It’s definitely worthwhile.
Can some one tell me why? Like the chain of reasoning that explains why its worthwhile? And not an argument like all the technology that came from the moon missions.
@@jackismname why? So you can gain some insight into your purpose on the earth. Don't you ever wonder why you're here or why you exist in the first place? Asking these questions is one of the core tenets of humanity. If these aren't natural questions to you, then you've lost your humanity.
@@harleyspeedthrust4013 I'm sorry but you haven't convinced me at all, if I'm being blunt and honest what you just said sounds vaguely religious and not a strict mathematically logical progression
@@jackismname And you've just reinforced my point. If you operate entirely on logic and mathematics and not at all on emotion, then you don't have your humanity.
I'm glad they didn't actually find the B-mode polarization, and hence primordial gravity waves, since that would've put the kibosh on Steinhardt and Turok's ekpyrotic cyclic model, which I find very satisfying.
Gosh you have to love Science, so humble from the Professor to say im not the best person to ask about this, even though he prob knows more about it than 99% of the world he still knows to hedge his bets to say they are more qualified scientist in this field.
I really like how you interlaced Dr. Copeland's and Dr. Merrifield's interviews to include both the theory's relation to the world of non-science with its more technical aspects. That is the balance you should be striving for - a little bit above the PBS-style documentaries, but brought down enough for your average person to understand and appreciate.
Physicists always get the importance of their work backwards. Instead of saying this work will not change the price of milk (13:50) they should say our everyday lives will have no effect on the cosmic mystery of the creation of the universe.
Been waiting for this. Thank you Brady, Prof. Copeland and Prof. Merrifield! :-)
Would gravitational waves also produce interference? Do they have wave lengths and frequencies?
As I understand it, yes.
I was in that office yesterday for my university interview! It was so surreal to be chatting and laughing with Prof Merrifield. I even got a cute sixty symbols ruler to take home. :)))))))))
These videos just keep on getting better and better!
Thank you Brady! And please please please also put up extended versions for what Profs Copeland & Merrifield said here!
At 10:53 Ed enters Sagan-esque explanation ability mode. :)
I really like the cautious optimism shown. We will have to wait some time, probably a couple of years, before we have independent confirmation and the data has been thoroughly scrutinized before we quite uncork the champagne. Still this is very exciting news. I'm eager to see what type of confirmation we will see. Great vid Brady, been waiting for this one, nice work :D
Congrats on the new camera! Love your videos, and they just got even better :)
A recent update in this saga. Sounds like galactic dust might might have played Old Harry with their interpretation of the data.
physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2014/sep/22/bicep2-gravitational-wave-result-bites-the-dust-thanks-to-new-planck-data
Well done. Thanks, I was waiting to hear your opinions on this.
they talked a lot about inflation theory. I study at Imperial College, and recently we were given a talk by leader in an area of theoretical physics research called variable constants. He said that there are so many inflation theories that whatever the data had been, it could have been said to be evidence for inflation. He has been working on a theory that supposes that the speed of light is not constant but can change, which only predicts one thing for the data, and it matches very well.
Thanks for another really interesting video! In regard to the cosmic microwave background radiation, I understand that there is a potential problem of different regions of the universe not having had time to communicate with each other, and that this might mean that those regions oughtn't necessarily be the same temperature (for instance) - even though it's observed that they ARE, in fact, very very close to the same. I also understand that inflation is one solution to this problem (one that's now widely accepted.) But I can only assume that this means that the idea of particles in the universe (or even, I suppose, the universe as a whole, in some sense) either couldn't have been 'entangled' - or that even if that were so, it wouldn't solve the problem. I wonder if you could (if you haven't already!) do a video discussing entanglement that discusses what information exactly can or can't be entangled (i.e., "communicated") - & what that means for various physics processes. Thanks again! tavi.
7:40 What did he mean by 'two orders of magnitude below the planck scale'? Didnt he menat to say 'above'?
He reaffirmed it later by saying “1/100th of a planck scale”
Q. What causes gravity?
My guess: Something external to our universe which is not a force in the way we experience electro-magnetism, for instance. My theory is that there is a whitenoise of space-time expansion at nearly every point in space, apart from where singularities exist (black holes, particles, etc.) The differential caused by the in-flow of space-time from a higher dimensional universe would cause the gravitational effects we see today. Objects that are 'pushed' toward one another rather than being 'pulled' together. So gravity wouldn't actually be a force in the same way that the other forces work, and the other forces would be abstractions of gravitational effects but on a smaller level. Wherever there is a singularity, there are these effects. Some simgularities we call subatomic particles; Some bigger ones we call black holes.
In my theory, since our universe is a sub-universe of a larger one and we are existing inside a black hole, my guess is that galaxies are actually the after-glow of individual atoms from a dying star. These atoms would be quantised to a new Planck length which is based upon the physics within the black hole universe, therefore causing subdivision of the atom into a giant cloud of matter that goes to create stars.
Only a theory, though. Had to share.
Thanks, Brady. This is two consecutive winners. There seems to be a question of wavelength. Does anyone at UoN know what that might be?
Could you explain more about light polarization?
I can think of so many questions - what does it mean? How does it behave in light? How does it behave in other waves? Why does it get blocked by certain sunglasses and LCD? Can we see this in electromagnetism? Does it effect the wave's energy? How is it explained mathematically? What happens to the frequencies? Can we see polarization in DSP, like audio waves or videos?
Great video. Question though:
Gravitational waves imprinted their pattern on light polarization at t1=10-35 seconds. The light we observe (microwave background) emerged from the opaque universe at t2=180 000 years after many scattering events. Why didn't the information about polarization get lost during t1 and t2 in this dense universe?
Hey brady, you seem to be getting more and more interested in science stuff. Ever think of joining the winning team and being an adult student?
So science communicators are the losing team?
Yeah, I know, "only a joke" etc. Still says something that's bad for scientists and non-scientists alike.
Penny Lane How can he become a better communicator? with first hand knowledge of course!
Of course 'the winning team' is a bit tongue in cheek. It's not for everyone
TheMajorpickle01 I'm not sure about that. For one thing, the skill sets needed to be an academic and a good science journalist or science communicator are not identical. But more importantly, I think there is some beauty in the concept as it is, of interviewing someone who is an expert in a field while the interviewer themselves assumes the role of an interested layperson. I think there is a certain sweet spot of knowledge for the interviewer. Obviously, if he or she doesn't know jack about science, that's a disaster. But being too deeply involved doesn't help you see the big picture and it doesn't help you ask the questions the audience is most likely to have.
I'm not saying it's impossible for an expert in a field to also be a good communicator. There are always people who are amazing at pretty much everything. But I do believe that it can make things more difficult.
and quit his job making videos and being famous for them?
I've thought that a few times. It'd be pretty cool if he did.
Was waiting for this
The fact that no primordial milk-price changing waves have been detected yet doesn't mean they don't exist. They will probably be found emanating from somewhere between the Planck scale and the holy cow scale. The only thing that is already known about them with apodictic certainty is that their propagation is unidirectional, i. e., the price of milk is only going to go up under their influence. Declining milk prices are not a question science can deal with. Given their nature, they belong to the realm of metaphysics. They are a matter of theology, similar to other phenomena classified as miracles.
Why don't they do a video about how the B-mode polarization (hence the primordial gravity waves) wasn't actually found after all?
Paulis exclusion principles comes from the fact that everything cannot be homogeneous and identical otherwise you won't have variations in gene or evolution or universe expansion.
a good first try. DAMN DUST!!! (Professor Copeland was, correctly, very cautious.)
It can't have a frequent without having a wavelength. And without those I couldn't be described as being a wave. It has to have another property too which an amplitude. And for this type of side-to-side sine wave(think wiggly rope) as opposed to a push pull wave (think slinky) the wave can also have a rotation or polarisation . These gravity waves have turned out stronger than expected - very exciting especially this is something that might be independently verified.
Does anyone know what the mechanism is by which the gravitational waves affect the polarization of the BR?
Thanks guys! Lovely explanations!
Heres a practical reason why knowing this is important too: Because inflation is a circumstance where a section of space can be separated from another section of space faster than the speed of light. And that, boys and girls, puts the warp drive back in the game (Well it sort of has been since Alcubierre's solution of Einstein's field equations.) as a thing that might be possible. Strap on your spacesuit boys and girls, we've got a date with the vulcans!
Once again, great vid. Good questions from Brady to make me want to understand :)
Thank you, Brady!
Discovered!
These two professors' enthusiasm for scientific discoveries are contagious!
Have been waiting for this video since the announcement. Thank you for sharing and getting solid responses. =]
Hey Brady :) Thank you for your Videos!
I might have missed this, but how did the polarisation map work out with regards to professor Copeland's cosmic superstrings?
Did any one notice Proffessor Copeland's eyes coming alit when he mentioned the grand unification? Please ask them to do a video on the different unifications of the forces!
What projects are running that can corroborate these findings?
Great video!
Could gravity be a secondary force to the electromagnetic force?
Both the gravitation force and electromagnetic force use the inverse square law could they be part of the same process?
es maravilloso y esto hara que se replantee el universo y sus leyes es enorme el campo que se a abierto
Einstein spent the last 30 years of his life trying to combine gravity and electromagnetism.....and got nowhere
Could they both emerge from the same theory? Sure, that's been the program of String Theory for almost 40 years now. Could they be the same? No. The inverse square laws are both very special nonrelativistic cases. In general the two 'forces' just don't share the same symmetries.
I personally believe it is. I just cannot think up an experiment to prove it.
Well you're not the only one to not be able to find an experiment for it. Kaluza and Klein first proposed this idea almost 100 years ago. So far the evidence says that their theory is incorrect.
So could there be high energy quantum entangled gravitational particles at opposite ends of the universe that became separated at the earliest moments of the expansion?
Yes! Was waiting for this :)
Professors what you wished for two years ago during the Live Hang Out, might well have been realized.
pause it at 0:00
Eddys in the spacetime continuum!
Is he, now? And, er, well... what's he doing in there? Hey! Look out for that Chesterfield couch!
Can gravitational waves cancel each other out like with water waves? Are they waves or particles? Can you perform a slit experiment on it?
10/10 would watch again
Great discovery, never stop trying to peer into the layers of the Cosmos, humans.
The LIGO detectors in Louisiana and Washington are in their respective locations because they are the same distance apart as the wavelength of a gravitational wave. If a gravitational wavelength is over a thousand miles, how would gravitational waves affect photons before the universe was large enough for them to propagate? Surely all that gravitational energy would be mediated through higher-energy particles with smaller wavelengths.
This brings us to my next question. If the limited size of the universe gave inflation a head start until it was over a thousand miles in diameter, how could the gravitational waves reach the other side in order to slow down the rate of inflation?
LIGO is a fantastic success of science history. Only we have to know how it works. In it spacetime itself gets compressed and stretched when gravity wave passes though the arms of interferometer resulting access or deficit of wave length of coherent laser beam to produce fringes at that very instant when the wave of gravity reached ligo arm.
? How can they determine that the oldest detectable microwave is 300,000 years old?
(since it is stated that prior to that the microwaves were bouncing in a medium dense enough to trap the radiation within)
? What sort of indicator is used to determine the cosmic background radiation age?
? And also, how can they determine how old the universe was prior to the release of this background radiation in its current form?
Thanks in advance!
I would recommend that you read and old but good book: "The First Three Minutes" by Steven Weinberg. The number 300,000 years comes out of our theory of the development of the universe. If you look at the expansion rate and the energy density and then work backwards, you come to the conclusion that the universe before 300,000 years ago was too hot to support neutral atoms, but it cooled enough for electrons to start orbiting nuclei around about that time.
Thanks for the insight!
If Einstein tells us that gravity is due to spacetime curvature, and is not a force acting on mass-energy, why are we still searching for its force-carrier, the graviton?
+Edward Cabaniss Yep, at the LHC
+Edward Cabaniss because that view of a continuous spacetime geometry doesn't work at quantum scales.
Well LIGO discovered/confirmed the existence of gravitational waves, so... the hunt for the graviton has more reason to continue than ever.
Wasn't this disproven?
indeed. but people are still working on it with improved experiments
8:23 ... just a thought... ins´t universe by inner causality in each of his part interconnected?
Why hasn't this "left over background radiation" radiated away already?
Dan Albl Heh. I have to wonder if this post is still looking to people as if it has gone unanswered for... 11 months now!
"Why hasn't this "left over background radiation" radiated away already?"
It has, it is constantly radiating "away" from here in the universe to there in the universe. But, since here is receiving as much radiation as it is giving up, you still have the "heat" of the original universe everywhere.
And, as I understand it, the CMB (and this polarization) is like a photograph of the state of the universe before it inflated, because once it inflated, here doesn't have enough time to radiate to the furthermost there and change the "photo" -- at least I think that holds up as a loose analogy.
YES
C^2 is literally meters^2/seconds^2
it IS AN EXPONENTIALLY GROWING AREA. this is the first sign that inflation occours. square accelleration.
Energy = (Force / Acceleration in a direction)(299 792 458 meters^2 / seconds^2)
Yeah bitches! had been waiting for this one since the bicep2 announcement.
Just a thought, Brady, but next time you show that polarisation diagram with the cosmic microwave background, could you actually scale it down and position it so we can see exactly which part of it was imaged, given the labels on the axes clearly indicate it's not of the whole sky?
The spiral structure reminds me of Tristan's mathematics of fluid flow that also claims to explain "completely" even gravitation field flow-!!!
Just wondering. With the ability to detect these gravitational waves (primordial or not) can we explain or confirm the existence of dark matter and/or energy since dark matter and/or energy interact or exist (?) through these gravitational waves?
Short answer: No.
If there are gravitational waves, does it mean there might be anti-gravitational waves as well? If yes, could we ever built a device which will GENERATE these anti-gravitational waves? That would make the science fiction ideas of anti-gravity a reality...
Not really... That's like saying because there's gravity, ant-gravity must also exist. But if it makes you feel any better, dark energy kinda acts like anti-gravity, the only catch is that all it does is ripping universe apart.
I love this content. 👌
Why aren't more people watching this?
coz they prefer to watch justin bieber and gangam style
Unfortunately this episode can be shelfed. The measurement of the primordial graviational waves is proven to be false recently. Maybe a better measurement can be done. So I am not saying that this video must be deleted, just shelfed.
Would you be so kind as to site the source of that information. Thanks
Ronald de Rooij
Thanks
42isEverywhere
I understand, thank you for the info
Dangerous Dingo
yup
Maynardk Ford A year late, I know... xD
Now to watch & wait & see if the LIGO data withstands the test of time :)
I think I saw a ripple in spacetime the other night on Dr Who, could have been one of those gravity waves ....
Physics never ends.
Has spin and polarization anything to do with each other?
Is the polarization constant in a single spot in the sky all over the year? Maybe they should include some stars on that map to get an idea of the position and size.
Can they measure the inflation rate of the universe by observing the redshift of specifically these polarized photons?
168 views, 167 likes and 0 dislikes
not something you see very often
are those field vector diagrams?
why is the video black but i have audio and i can see the preview on the timeline scroll ahead thinggy?
To add to the already very convivial conversation concerning the relation between electromagnetic radiation (as well as acoustic waves) and gravitational waves, Professor Copeland said that gravitational waves don't get canceled out. I know this is contrary to the properties of acoustic vibrations, as noise-canceling headphones take advantage of the fact that there exists destructive interference - the cancellation of waves employing their sinusoidal opposites. My question, among others which have been conjured by my thinking of this, is what in the properties of gravitational waves made us adopt the colloquialism of the term wave, as they don't seem to manifest any such behavior we would expect from some other form of oscillations such as light and sound. Also, simply to elucidate an additional idea which came to mind; considering the wave-particle duality of light and its apparent transcending nature relative to that of simple sound waves, could there be a similar relationship between gravitational waves and light waves, in which gravitational waves reign supreme in their mystery? In other words, are gravitational waves - the curvature of spacetime to light waves as light waves are to sound waves? It seems to me that both our limited conception of a literalistic application of Einstein's General Theory of Relativity in a plane combining space and time which are, in Stephen Hawking's expression, "inextricably interconnected" as well as the limited understanding we have concerning the current dual theory of light would be equivalent in their mystery. But I am but a mere boy seeking recognition for my attempt at understanding the Universe. Good day.
If light is polarized vertically: is it the magnetic or the electric field that oscillates vertically?
this may have been mistakenly content ID'd. I'm not getting any audio.
Yay! We finally found it! This and the Higg's Boson. They did it! Next step, the grand unified theory of everything! ^_^
What would it take to understand what they just said? Anybody please reply.
wonderful
Give that team a Nobel prize!
B-Mode polarization was not found. It was fully attributed to cosmic dust
@@OmgEinfachNurOmg haha that pleases me
i can not understand what kind of people this 5 who dislike this video must be... Who doesn't find this discovery and also video interesting ...
That's fantastic. A video within a little bit more than a week from the discovery news is really good Brady! =)
Please do a video about Gravito-Magnetism!
Sounds like a grand unified theory taking account of both inflation and the (problem of) general relativity would involve rate of acceleration within an accelerating universe - such that there would be a third (or fourth, with quantum mechanics included) level of relativism to any potential acceleration.
Tasty science for my brain!
Primordial Gravitational Waves - Sixty Symbols
Who's the gent in the picture behind Ed Copeland?