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As a Brazilian jiujitsu practitioner, I can tell you that this works very well as applied to that martial art. Anytime you have to teach techniques or concepts, you must be able to explain them in a simple and concise manner. Teaching is one of the best ways to make sure you really know the movement.
The Feynman Student? 1) be curious about everything, 2) have a imagination like child, 3) never stop asking questions, 4) let your teacher be your entertainer
Growing up, if I did that, I'd get beaten by said teachers. They really did scar me for life. Now that I'm in my 30's I still get really scared to talk to teachers or even ask for clarification. I still think they will either make fun of me or beat the crap out of me. Going back to university, even at this age, is torture ATM.
My freshman psychology professor summed teaching up very well: "if you can't explain it to a seven year old, you don't really don't understand it yourself". That was 50 years ago and I always remembered it when preparing to teach. Very good video. Good Luck, Rick
I am not a native English speaker and I was trying to learn what "Jargon" means and being able to explain it succintly. Here I go: Jargon is a term that refers to words that are used in specific professions, groups, or in any specific _context_ that if people don't know, then they wouldn't understand. For example, if a musician uses a term like "minor chord" to a non-musician, then this person wouldn't get what they are talking about, unless the musician explains it. That applies to any other terms in any other professions or specific contexts. I hope that was simple enough! Thanks Socratica for the very informative video. It was helpful. I do wonder how we can use this method when studying or teaching mathematics. I think math is a very abstract subject, unlike history, english, etc. Any tips?
That was honestly a very good explanation! I'm also not a native English speaker, but I really understand the meaning of "jargon" by reading your explanation. Thanks!
In my experience as student, it helps when math problems are somehow connected to reality. By this I mean subjects like physics that you can think about, draw and sometimes see the application of the problem you are working in. But even if you can't, it always helped when the teacher explained the purpose of a problem, like how could it be used by someone to achieve something.
Manuel Migoya, I totally agree. I tutor math all the time and I use specific examples to make the student realize they can do the math. For instance, how many student tell you they can't do percentages? But when I ask them to envision themselves in a store about to buy a new "hot" item and it's 20% off, they always seem to know how to do that haha. From there I have their attention and they have a new found confidence in themselves. Nice to know I've been using the Feynman method for years and didn't realize it. Thanks Socratica. btw, I just explained group isomophisms to my husband using two groups. One with cats and one with dogs :) Just so he'd have an idea of what I was studying.
I experienced such a technique while posting questions on forums. Actually the rule in different forums is that the user should explain his problem so that others can help. So while i was trying to explain my problems, i the field of informatics, i found that most of the time i canceled posting the question because i started to understand the problem in a better way and found a solution or something that helps to resolve the problem. I was amazed by this effect and now everytime i face a problem i try to explain it in a text editor before positing my quesitons. I also find that it is helpful to try explaining what you learned to other persons who don't know you field, that way they can ask you questions that can help you find your weaknessed an push you to improve your understant until you can explain it in a perfect way to other and to yourself. Thanks Socratia and i love science and the presenter (you make me think of Galactica the movie like a futuristic women who works in a space ship).
This is what we programmers call "rubber ducking" or "rubber duck debugging", explain your problem to a rubber duck, and usually as you simplify, you narrow down the solution. :)
As an engineering student 35 years ago I decided to read books written in english . I was able then to speak and write some english sentences not enough to read a book, I am afraid. Then I found in a bookstore a bilingual edition of these famous Feynman Lectures. I bought them I read them in english and spanish at the same time. Step by step I read less and less in spanish until finally reading the english text was enough to get the ideas. Now I can say that english is my second language. I am in perpetual debt with this genious, this wonderful human being. He took my hand and guided me in this journey. Thank you Richard Feynman wherever you are. Thank you so much!
I swear I've been using this my entire life without knowing. I always love to share what I learn, but I realize that is has to be understandable for the people I'm talking to, so I try so simplify as much as possible. I really do enjoy learning.
I'm a Patent Attorney and teach the subject both to engineering and law students. Let me try to explain you about novelty. There are three characteristics your invention must have to be patentable: (1) It has to be new, (2) you must have taken an inventive step, and (3) it must have an industrial application. Let's review novelty, how we define the invention to be new. Different people have different standards to define "new". If I bought a car a month ago my friend may say I have a new car, while a potential buyer may say it's not. Inventions are new until you tell someone about it. In Europe the rule is that once people know about your invention is not new and you can't patent it. You have to file your patent application and then tell people about it. In the United States an invention is new for up to one year after you tell people about it. Once you reveal the invention you have twelve months to file the application. However, you must be swift, because if someone beats you to file it first, they will get the patent and you won't. So always remember to patent first and tell later.
Miguel -> You forgot one important detail. Keep a lab notebook with bound and pre-printed page numbers. Date and sign every page after it is filled. Have the pages witnessed periodically by someone with sufficient knowledge to understand them. Even document failures. The inventors case is much better if he/she can demonstrate diligence. The importance of this is illustrated in the Marconi-Tesla litigation where Tesla was awarded all the patents for radio. Tesla's notes showed that he not only had the original ideas, but he had first reduced them to practice. Even though Marconi applied first, it was clear that Tesla first had the ideas and showed reduction to practice.
Bob Crunch I didn't forget. ;-) The US switched from a "first-to-invent" system to a "first-to-file" system on March 16, 2013. With this new system the person who gets the patent is the first one to file the application before the Patent Office, not the first one to invent. Now, don't get me wrong: It is good practice to keep all your logs. In case someone steals your information and files first a patent application we could fight it with trade secret provisions, but if they didn't steal it, then you lost your patent for talking too much. Check out these resources: www.uspto.gov/patent/first-inventor-file-fitf-resources
I am learning about First law of Thermodynamics. The way to understand is using an analogy between the system and a bank. System = Bank Internal Energy = money (bank balance) Heat = cash Work = Check (Cheque) So if there is Heat (Cash) given to the system (bank) then the Energy(money) of the system increases i.e,. its Positive if there is Work (Check) given to the system (bank) then the Energy (money) of the system increases i.e,. its Positive All the cash coming in + All the check coming in = change in bank balance. q + w = Change in internal energy.
I'll try. I'm studying applicatives in languages. An applicative is a particular kind of sentence; not all languages have it, but English does, as in "John gave Mary the book". You can compare it to the non applicative version: "John gave the book to Mary". In an applicative, a person or thing (in this case, "Mary") can be introduced without the particle "to". In general, an applicative sentence is one in which particles such as "to", "for", "with", and so on, can be omitted. English can't omit the particle "with" (it's not possible to say "John cut the knife the cake"), but other languages can!
It's more useful to make the distinction just between sentences of the type "X verb Y to Z" (or another particle, not just "to"), which is not an applicative sentence, and sentences of the type "X verb Z Y", which is an applicative sentence. (For reasons not relevant now, both are called ditransitive sentences). Thus you can say, for instance, that English has both kinds of sentences, while Spanish doesn't have applicative sentences (they only have sentences of the first kind), and a language like Asháninka (in Peru) doesn't have non-applicative sentences -they have sentences of the applicative kind, but not the other.
Feynman and Sagan are the two of my favorite teachers... When they speak even without any techniques, you'll just be automatically be inclined to pay attention to them because they are such a sincere and inspiring communicators.
This is absolutely true. I have used this technique for years (Math and Data), and I thought I was crazy when I listening to my self teaching myself in a one student classroom. I still remember stuff 20 years old, even I i have not used the topic.
Partial Differential Equations covers the way functions change with respect to different variables. Think of walking up and down a random hill. If you walk straight to the summit you will get tired much more quickly than if you walk along its side. The way you experience the change in height depends on the direction you walk.
I'm studying about protein secondary structure prediction using the Chou Fasman algorithm. When amino acids are combined, and here you can imagine them as Lego blocks, they form other even bigger structures. Each amino acid has a part where another amino can can dock onto for this at a specific angle called the torsion angle. Now in order to predict the bigger structures we can look at the types of amino acids we are using. Because it has been found that certain amino acids appear more often with others in certain structures. For Chou Fasman III we want to predict whether the structure is a alpha helix or beta folding sheet. So we would count how often each of he certain amino acids appear. AND HERE I NEED TO GET BACK TO THE REVIEW STEP :p
I'm learning to love again... I mean loving to learn again. I'm loving the eloquence, brevity, levity, meaningfulness and mindfulness. Thank you for these superb videos!
I will try to explain one of the most complicated subjects in Computer science- Machine Learning (Also called artificial intelligence (AI) by layman, although it is different)- A programming language is a language used to give instructions to a computer. These set of instructions is called code. A code takes some input, performs the set of instructions defined in the code to get an output. However in real world processes, the input is given, the output obtained is observed, but the code/logic is unknown. Machine Learning is the science of deriving the logic from the data of input and output observations. To derive the logic, certain mechanisms are used which are called machine learning algorithms. Each machine learning algorithm has 3 components- a set of unknown parameters, a loss and an optimizer. Let's pick them up one by one. The machine learning algorithm specifies a well defined set of operations on the input variables and the unknown parameters to get an output prediction. This output prediction is different from the actual output. This difference is called loss. Our aim is to decrease the loss by changing the parameters. The optimizer calculates the impact of changing the parameters on decreasing the loss. Accordingly each parameter is tweaked by optimizer to decrease the loss. This process is repeated with more data until the loss is sufficiently decreased. This means that the output prediction and actual output are very close now (as the loss is decreased). This means that the machine learning algorithm can now generate accurate output predictions from input data and hence the code/logic has been derived. I hope that I was able to teach something today. :)
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While recently immersing myself in the study of typewriter operation in order to repair them as a hobby I became subtly aware of their reasonable design features. Specifically in the older mechanical, or manual typewriters I began to realize how the mechanisms relate in a sort of concert, or spatial orchestration. Simple put the parts appear to act in a smooth harmony when properly adjusted much the same as a professional orchestra. The more 'fluid' the parts interrelationships the more user-friendly the end result for the typer. By fragmenting the various components duties into bite-size blocks of understanding the whole soon materializes and the more nuanced interactions tend to blend in a manner identical to musical interpretation. Feynman's approach is applicable to almost anything with a structure and even the humble typewriter is no exception. Have been using this self-teaching technique to help me assimilate a variety of disciplines for many years and this man had it down to a T. Like Hoccam's Razor it is quite an elegant approach to learning. Mike Kirwan - Kenmore, WA
This year, I've started studying web application programming. I find myself astonished when trying to understand computers, they are really complex and marvelous to me. You can always go deeper, deeper, deeper... I think the bottom is physics. Physics (behaviour of electricity, what electricity is, electronics...) -> Chemistry (the materials of the computer itself and how they manage electricity) -> Maths and logic (how to harness that electricity to represent information) -> *magic* -> Computers. Damn! Hahaha. Thank you, Socratica.
okay, let's give basic music theory a bash: C is the 'home' key. C D E F G A B C each note has a roman numeral connected to it, I II III IV V VI VII and back to I - one, two, three (do, re, mi etc). C is called the root, or the tonic (from 'tone'). C and G sound well together, so we call the 1st and the 5th (I and V [the one and the five]), a 'perfect' fifth (they are five notes apart, count them on your fingers). the next key up is always taken from the fifth (V), of the previous key, so the key up from C is G. the next important rule is that from G on up, the 7th note (VII), is sharpened (raised one semi-tone): G A B C D E F# G - the F is sharpened (raised one tone). the next key up is... D. carry the F# along with you and start again, D E F# G A# B C D - the F and the A are sharpened. see the pattern forming? (this formula applies to all keys) this is known as the Circle of Fifths. good luck. you're now well on your way to allowing music to frustrate and enlighten you for the rest of your life. (side effects may include improved memory, reduced stress and unprovoked bouts of joy.)
This is the first Socratica video I've seen. Very well delivered and interesting. I have done Feynman technique before and still do. However, for more complicated subjects I usually draw out a flow chart for the topic while reading and make simple descriptions from there. Just an additional step to learn more, faster. P.S. I'd like you to know you have a beautiful way of speaking. If I was in person I'd ask to buy you a drink and chat for a while.
As the French Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux said in the early 17th century : "Ce qui se conçoit bien s'énonce clairement et les mots pour le dire arrivent aisément." "What is well conceived is clearly stated and the words to say it arrive easily" It is probably a proto version of the this technic.
Caramba, Liliana, você é tão inteligente! O canal é muito bem produzido, coisa de dar orgulho. Quero ajudar o trabalho de vocês a crescer de todas as formas possíveis. ❤️
Great video, Socratica. Feynman was an excellent teacher, for sure. I hope to use his methods to explain complex science to early elementary children in some of my upcoming videos. I hope I can break things down as simply and concisely as Feynman could. Cheers, Michael from Brain Candy TV
I've used the Feynman Technique and Reverse Engineering to accelerate into my career as a Systems Engineer with one of the top tech companies in the world. And no degree.
@Jack Adams Right? Me too. I'm left imagining that he just looked at the machines he wanted to work on, figured out how they worked, made sure he could tell a child how they worked and then told his boss how they worked. Then he got a promotion. But I don't actually know if that's what happened, it just seems like the most likely explanation. :/
Ok, I’ll try E1 reactions in organic chemistry The E in E1 stands for elimination. It has to do with molecules breaking apart. Specifically, it has to do with a part of a molecule called a leaving group being displaced. In an E1 reaction, when the leaving group is displaced another molecule, one that is hungry for a hydrogen atom known as a base, plucks one from a neighbor atom which was attached to the site where the leaving group left. The hydrogen atom leaves behind its electrons and these electrons are used to form a new connection, a new bond within the molecule, such that the molecule is stable and no other parts of the molecule will be displaced. In general, molecule only fall apart in environments where falling apart results in stronger relationships. The 1 in the term E1 tells us that this reaction depends on 1 molecule to occur. Even though there is the initial molecule and a base, the reaction will only occur when the initial molecule is ready. We call this readiness, the formation of a carbocation intermediate. This occurs When the leaving group leaves. The base can’t pluck a proton until the leaving group leaves/the carbocation forms
I always try to explain what I learned in class to my mom and. check if she really understood it because only then I be sure that I understand the topic pretty well.
Interesting - you may have seen that wonderful interview with RF when asked why do magnets attract and Feynman beautifully explains to him that he cannot explain it as the concepts are too difficult and rely on too much prior knowledge!
I'm also really good at explaining things to people. And I've found that figuring out how to explain something to someone who isn't conversant in the topic is a fantastic way of deepening my understanding.
The difference between a 'while' loop and a 'for' loop in python programming is very simple and often times both types can work. The 'for' loop in python does its task on all the elements of a list. Take for example, you have a long list of student's names and you want to find which students have a name certain name. With this search, you have the list and you're iterating all the way through it, testing each element, a 'for' loop is effective here. The 'while' loop in python will keep doing the same task until some condition is made. For example, a while loop is used if you want to add up all the numbers up to 100. While your number is less than 100, you keep adding the next number to a total.
Unless, of course, you use the "break" keyword to kick you out of that for-loop! haha ;) That kind of breaks your explanation (no pun intended). Put simply, a for-loop should be used when you know the iteration count beforehand, a while-loop is used when you don't. Although, either will get the job done. The rest of your explanation is very well done.
socratica=some thing new for me in my life i am here from a day when I come here to studdy abstract algebra .. and now i stud a lot of things finding trouble in english coz I speaks HINDI but still understands everything. ... so thanx to SOCRTICA TEAM
Thank you Socratica, now I learned that yesterday I used the Feynman Technique. I talked with my son studying history and politics at university about the essence of my IT project. That is a both practical and philosophical approach to artificial intelligence. Challenge accepted, here is a question and the explanation... :-) My project is MiND, a constructive model of intelligence, like the Neumann architecture (MEM, ALU, CPU, I/O). The modules are: Model, Idea, Narrative, Dialog (MiND acronym comes from there), together they form a self containing interactive intelligent system. The architecture and technical details contain too much "jargon" and therefore out of scope. Yet, there is a fundamental question: _Why should we build an intelligent machine?_ Think about mathematics: an abstract, self containing notation system. It helps us calculating solutions without trial and error iterations in any environment where we can make measurements, know calculation rules, create and solve equations. Mathematics worked before having the form that we know today. Addition is like collecting apples from baskets. Subtraction: putting them on plates one by one and see the remainder. Division: distributing all apples on the selected plates. And so on. Yet, with abstract mathematics you can translate a task to numbers and conditions and handle more complex problems by solving equations. For example, you want to distribute your stock of fruits among your friends according to their individual preferences. You can plan how many apples, oranges etc. to put on the plates assigned to each friend. You will even know all the remainders before starting. You may cheat. Instead of using mathematics, pay some people who work very fast. They can try lots of possible combinations of the fruits and plates, sooner or later present an acceptable result. For a while, it looks like you used math and had a plan. But, if the problem is too complicated, they start distracting each other, the process slows down or fails completely. Now look at information technology. Its original aim was to efficiently manage our cumulative knowledge to improve our problem solving power. Formalize the process of learning and understanding. Find the abstract rules of reasoning and build machines that behave according to them. ruclips.net/video/PjWhQiwJzKg/видео.html That was really hard to understand, "like" or sell. Thus, instead of that we turned to _imitating_ intelligence (by cherry-picking and misinterpreting a few paragraphs from Alan Turing) and our "hardware", the neural network. We also utilized the exponential growth of computation and storage capacity. We try to convince ourselves that if can overcomplicate a system enough that we don't understand it, it is a form of "solution" or "intelligence". ruclips.net/video/NdSD07U5uBs/видео.html The cheat did not work. We have created extremely complex problems instead of solving the existing ones. Our brains can't handle the huge amount of events, messages, videos - while the aim was to simplify and understand. The infrastructure is "almost OK", but our normal habits prohibit us using it properly. Just like Apollo 1 which was good only to burn three men alive but also led to Gene Kranz's speech and that to landing on the Moon. ruclips.net/video/9zjAteaK9lM/видео.html So why should we build intelligent machines? 1: Because we started it and reached the point of no return: created problems that we can't solve without them. 2: scientists and engineers who founded our current environment had predicted our current state. _A successful prediction indicates that there are rules._ Understanding and using them gives a chance to a solution even though current trial and error attempts fail. More details about the mentioned founders are available in this article (part of my PhD research, 2018, rejected) bit.ly/medium_ScienceOfBeingWrong ; about the consequences in this lecture (was applauded and forgotten, 2014) bit.ly/lkedves_TasteOfLuck . This is the explanation. Please give a 0-10 Feynman score and ideas for improvement because I have been unsuccessful in raising attention for two decades... Thank you.
I'm learning about virtual memory, it creates an illusion of availability of enough memory space for programs to run even if the actual main memory in a computer is comparatively small. Virtual memory uses a mapping technique to create that kind of illusion.
Ratan Gupta It saves data to the hard drive to compensate for insufficient “fluid” memory (RAM). Your explanation makes it sound as though virtual memory is a scam.
We all have good, meh, and bad thoughts. Understanding where they come from and how much they mean to us, shows us how we see the world and everyone in it. It’s not about choosing one over the other. It’s about understanding what part of our every day lives is helping us form these thoughts. The choice is our actions that we take which are reasoned by our thoughts.
Basically, I'm studying ways of finding areas. If you got a shape, you could approximate it's area by little rectangles, and the way you choose this rectangles changes the approximated area. If you are interested, this field of mathematics is call numerical analysis, in particular numerical integration.
Numerical analysis it's different from calculus. It's the study of algorithms that makes approximations, for example, finding roots to functions. I'm interested in finding approximations to integrals and differential equations.
It's a branch of mathematics pretty different from one is used to. It uses a lot of assumptions in order to get an approximated answer of some sort. For instance, if you wanna solve this "simple" equation: xe^x=1, you can't find an "analytic" form of the answer, that is, you can't solved using algebra. Then, you use numerical analysis to approximate the answer, for example, Newton method of finding roots, in this case x≈0.567
Hi there! Ok I would like to try the Explaining challenge. I Study Biology and I initially had a hard time understanding the "syrinx", its function and why it was so important in Birds. So here I go: The Syrinx is an organ that is responsible of producing the sound in most living birds. It is placed in the respiratory system right before the tubes that divide the air into the Lungs. When air is breathed by a bird, it gets in by the nostrils that usually are in the base of the bill, from there it travels through a pair of small tubes (called Nasal Cavities) until it gets to a big space that we could call "mouth" (or Oral Cavity) so far quite similar as we Humans. From there it goes down another tube that is at the back of the tongue that has specifically evolved for air flow (Pharynx), careful not be confused with the other tube that is meant for food (Esophagus) because both of them can cross at this stage. The air continues to flow down until gets to a thickened part of this tube called the Larynx. Here in Humans and in most mammals is where we have our vocal cords! These are our muscles that allow us to speech, but for birds there is no Vocal Cords at all, so let’s continue! The tube starts to thicken even more and starts to have some sort of even spaced lighter coloured rings around it, in here we are in the Windpipe (or Trachea). A little further down this path we see the tube splits in two, each of these tubes (called bronchi) will lead to the lungs respectively. It's here where we found some sort of special rings in the exterior of the tube and a lot of muscles at the both entrances that can open and close each tube thus controlling the air flow. Here we are! This is where the Syrinx is! This is structure has so much importance in the study of Birds because between all the bird species in the world, a huge chuck of them doesn’t have it. The birds that have this "Syrinx" are a group of Birds typically called "Songbirds" (Passeriformes), while all the other birds don’t have this structure and thus classified differently (No Passeriformes). It's a natural way to dive the species and in fact, this reflects part of their distinct evolutionary history. PS: [Sorry didn't meant to extend this much. I Love your Videos Socratica, Thank you!!]
I’m studying stability in dynamical systems: A dynamical system can be seen like the system of the body. If the body is push softly forward, the body will try to return to the original position for avoid to fall. The point where the body has his feet is call stable equilibrium. If the body is from a person that work in the circus in the tight rope, the body is not in a equilibrium point but he is repeating slow movings constantly with the aim of no fall. In this case if the body do not fall and stay over the tight rope, the body will stay over a stable orbit and is call in this way by the repeatedly movements done by the body. Stable equilibriums and stable orbits are an essential part in the study of stability in dynamical systems
@swetab singh ok... I 'll try. Physists think their models for the subatomic world as if the smallest particles in the world behave like very very tiny spherical objects. Like dots. String theory says what if those dots aren't dots and are rings or hoops. But made from string. So very very tiny ring strings. That thing changes a lot for the methods and the actions such an object can take. You can think a ball and a rope hoola hoop in the Newtonian physics we are living in. Does that make any sense?
@swetab singh great question!! String model fits in the energy equations better than dots. And explains some things in order too better understand our world. Keep in mind that this is a theory yet. And not proven that works. At least I think... I am a couple of years away from my bachelor.
I used this technique with paralegal students many years ago to explain Civil Procedure (a semester-long course in law school). I did it in 90 minutes using a timeline. I used simple language to describe the litigation process. Students asked, "Is that all?" My answer was "yes." One woman actually cried, saying she took the civil procedure class and was completely lost all semester, but now she finally understood how it works and why it is set up the way it is. There is a Buddhist idea that says you don't understand something until you can explain it fully to a child. I try to keep that in mind as a university professor.
Iam a teacher at ps and ss and i like to try to explain difficult things to people who i think they can understand, because i can and i am not so different. The art of explaini g is partly remembering the mental way you fly to get to the right planet.. Children like to learn about black holes, chaos theory or the reason for pain.
Did you know about regular expressions? It's so helpful, It can save a loads of time for you, Because what takes a thousands of lines of code to do, with regular expressions you can do them in few lines of code... Let's say for example you wanted to get phone numbers of certain area code from the millions of other area code, Well with regular expressions you can make a pattern and do it for your in no time...
I'm learning about Recurrent Neural Networks. Sentences are a sequence of words, you sequentially read all the words in the sentence to generate the next word. Similarly, a "recurrent" neural network takes the words sequentially, recurrently and tries to predict the next possible word.
Poifect. My mom was from Queens. Grand pa said "woims and boids. I liked him right away when I stumbled across him on RUclips. I was blown away when I found out who he was and what he'd accomplished.
I'm learning about two's complement. Two's complement is a number system, like the decimal system or like binary. Two's complement was developed because it's a way for a computer to represent negativity numbers using 1's and 0's. Two's complement looks similar to binary, but is not the same thing at all. Let's use a 4-bit system to find two's complement of the decimal 10. 10 in binary is: 1010 To get the two's complement the formula we use is ~|x| + 1 where ~ stands for NOT; ~ means you flip the bits in your number. So ~|1010| would be 0101. Then you do 0101 + 1 which becomes 0110 (look up a video on adding binary numbers). Here is where it gets a bit confusing. In the binary number system, 0110 is the decimal 6. However, in the two's complement number system, you have to tack on a "-" sign so really the two's complement is -6. For numbers in binary that don't have a far left 1, such as 0101, then the two's complement is just the number itself, so 0101 in this case.
Variables are the building blocks of code, they are how we store data for later use in our programs. The beauty of variables in Python is that, unlike most other coding languages, the code will know what the variable is based on its contents. Python knows that x="MyLove" is a string variable, and that y = 10 is an int variable.
Love it. Its a shame that our university expects us not to understand the topic but to repead the exact words they used. The kinda stuff you can google later after you understand it...
One thing to consider when trying this approach is: What does it mean to have *understanding*? For example, I get excited about certain intellectual subjects and love to have an audience to lay out my thoughts. The people I speak with usually appreciate what I have to say--I am considered a "good speaker". But I often struggle with the idea that I'm a better salesman than expositor or teacher. I wonder if something is really getting across to my listeners or whether they are just impressed with my speech. When I think of the people in my life who have been great teachers, there is something about their way which allows me to enter into the ideas they talk about for myself and play with them. To me that is the "taste" of understanding--the quality of play. To impart that as a communicator is not as easy as it sounds.
Thanks! Socratica, I am now working on a project that tries to enhance the predicting skill of weather forecasting models by using a state-of-the-art mathematics and computer science technologies. The project should in the end make the models reliable and robust so that anyone who relies on weather forecast can make use of the relatively accurate information provided by the models. I hope it made sense :)
I have just started the basics of Spanish and one of the simplest thing is we use the word 'the'(article) in two forms --->'el' for masculine words like boy.. Man.. Heart and 'la' for feminine words like woman.. Egg.. 😅😅 . El hombré = the man La huevo = the egg
We all have good, meh, and bad thoughts. Understanding where they come from and how much they mean to us, shows us how we see the world and everyone in it. It’s not about using one over the other.
This happened with me today even before watching this I was having my online lec of compiler design, the teacher couldnt clarify my doubt and i asked a lot of ques about it my frnds were like making fun in chats just as u would expect Then i googled a bit and read the basic def of semantic error(topic i had doubt ) and tht cleared my doubt! After tht i wanted to feel good about it so explained it to my younger brother in simple words and understood it! I find it absolutely relevant for me👍
I am learning about stresses and moments(a twisting force) that materials such as steel, aluminum, brass, and wood can handle. We can find the maximum stress (this is a pressure) that a material can handle before it deforms permanently just like when you apply pressure and bend a plastic slinky too far and it won't bend back to normal. From the center of mass of an object (the average point of matter of the system), the maximum moment force applied to the object (twisting force), and distance to the centroid from the desired point that we want to know the stress about, we can find the maximum stress that the object can at that point. This is useful when making trusses, beams, and supports for different type of structures. Engineers pick the most cost efficient materials that will still be able to handle the stress of holding things up.
I am learning about the feynman diagramms of the non linear optics. In optics light acts like a wave passing through space are interracting with some material medium activating small resonators inducing them into vibration, rotating all the small dipoles and emitting a new signal. This phanomenon is called polarisation or "reply of the system" In linear optics is the output signal of this interraction mathematically only the convolution of the input signal and a system dependent function. In nonlinear optics we peturbate this 1st order (linear) signal with some higher orders. The 2nd order has a double convolution, meaning that the output of the linear order convolutes again with system function mathematically described with a double convolution integral, the 3rd order with the triple and so on. That means that we excite the atoms in the same time they were excited before. In he 1st order we only have an excitement. In the 2nd order the light interracts again when the system is excited and will either reexcite it further to a higher energy or induce emission return the system to the ground state. 3rd order and there is one moe interraction and we have even more possibilites(paths). Thats why we paint the Feynman diagramms to illustrate all those paths and moe easily write down the equations of motion for the non linear orders. To illustrate this the Feynman diagramms show us all the paths
This is the first video of yours that I watched, and I greatly enjoyed it. I liked and subscribed! But if I could make one small suggestion: please get rid of the very distracting and somewhat annoying sound effect whenever a caption comes on screen. At first I thought it was an audio defect. Then I wondered whether it was coming from an external source. Finally it started absorbing too much of my attention bandwidth. That's ADHD for you!
yup,lol...once I pinpointed the sound effect to the captions, I was busy anticipating another until I realized the video was ending. :( Now I'm debating about replaying it, but....this time since I've watched the majority of it my brain will insist on tuning it out. ugh...adhd!
Thanks Socratica, my subject of study is Bayes Rule, thats is basic draw a probability tree and multiplying fractions following the branches. Até mais pessoal!
Tuvan throat singing aka overtone singing is a form of self-harmonization is very beautiful and apparently brought me here. The rest of this is stuff I already knew as well.
I overthink a lot ,and ye that's a great ability of mine to think of class in my mind and explaining them everything i learned about the particular topic, best usage of overthinking
Jargon and euphemisms make communication difficult. In IT, I always break down the explanation of how a system works so that almost anyone can understand. No jargon or buzzwords- Keep it simple. I think it was Feynman that said if you can explain a complex concept to a complete beginner, you don't thoroughly understand the concept yourself.
I'll try and explain a subject of math i'm studying right now: Complex numbers: There are different types of numbers, natural numbers such as 1, 2, 3, irrational numbers such as pi (3.1415...) or e (2.7182...) , and complex numbers, this ones i'll explain. Complex numbers are the sum of two numbers, one multiplied by 1, and the other by the number i, which is the square root of minus one (this is an irrational number), it would look something like this: z = a + i*b (where z is the complex number). This numbers can be defined in multiple ways (this is the basic one) and help a lot in solving problems related to, for example, electrical frequencies, sounds, understanding signals and so on. *Whituout complex numbers we wouldn't be able to have internet as we know it. * From complex numbers there are another several functions useful for the day-to-day life of an engineer, for example, an electrical one. Some of them are: Fourier Series (for signal understanding) and Laplace Transforms (for analysing the stability of a system). Hope i've explained it well.
It is basically the method of the one-room school, where the teacher teaches the older or most advanced students and then they teach the younger and slower students. If they can explain it successfully then that is proof that they know it. It is also the basis of the classical trivium: grammar, dialectic and rhetoric (get the basic terminology and its usage down, iron out any confusion and misunderstanding, explain your understanding to someone else.
Currently writing a short paper on brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs. Although it's a major oversimplification, I think a good summarizing sentence would be: you can control a device just by thinking about it. Thinking about something changes your brain's electrical activity, and placing some sort of monitoring device either on or inside your head lets you record that activity and translate it to actions you want the computer to perform, such as picking a certain letter or moving a character in a video game. While anyone can use it, the main group that benefits from BCIs are people that have lost the ability to speak or move their body. BCIs rebuild the bridge of communication with the world that their diseases or disorders have destroyed.
Argumentation Ethics, developed by Dr Hans Hermann Hoppe. To argue is to recognise private property rights because the purpose of argumentation is to solve a dispute without physical aggression and, to reach a truthful outcome, everyone's autonomy must be respected. So to argue against private property rights is to contradict oneself since in engaging in argumentation one has already demonstrated private property rights recognition.
I learned network forensics, it is a branch of computer networks where we analyze the data coming/going from one person to another by using different methods to read and analyze the data.
Ordinals are a mathematical construction that extends and follows properties that collections of natural numbers have, like being able to fina minimal between any of them or basically saying which one is smaller than the others, surprisingly, this have very special properties, you can always find a bigger ordinal, all elemnts of an ordinal, in a matrix like fashion end up being also ordinals, (and this is because natural numbers and they extension ordinals, are in a way boxes inside of boxes) and given two of them you can always find a mask or a lens to see how they are virtually the same object, or at the very least, that one ordinal contains inside it a copy of the other.
I'm studying the stability of limit cycles in walking robots. To explain it I need to explain those terms first, one by one. First off we need to talk about what stability means in this area. Imagine a bowl, like one for cereals. In it you place a small ball. If you place the ball at the lowest point in the bowl carefully, it will not move, just stay there. If you placed the ball initially high on the wall of the bowl, the ball likely goes straight to the lowest point and stay there. A point in which objects stay when you leave them there, we call equilibrium points. That lowest point we mentioned, it is more special than that. If you place the bowl a little to the side of that point, the ball will roll back to that point. The same would happen if the ball was in the eq. point and you gave it a small push. That trait, going back when pushed a little, or placed to the side of the eq. point, we call stability. So our point is a stable equilibrium point. That stability could also be considered a kind of attraction, the point pulls the ball to it (in fact we sometimes call such points attractors). Would that point attract the bowl from everywhere? No, only when you place the ball in the bowl. This area, in which the point attracts the ball, we call the "Basin of Attraction". So we know what stability means, now let's talk about limit cycles. Limit cycles are special ways in which systems can behave. If a system can behave in a way that is periodical, that repeats itself every time perfectly (that time we call its period), that behaviour might be a limit cycle. In order to qualify though, it has to be special. Some systems behave such that if they start at any point, any configuration, they will behave in a periodical way. If you imagine the suspected limit cycle as a circle (compared to the single point of an equilibrium point), the system must behave in such a way that only if you start on that circle, the system will immediately behave in a perfect periodical way. If you start near, but not on, a limit cycle, the system will not immediately behave preiodically, rather it will either move so that is on the circle (which would make it a stable limit cycle), or move away from it (an unstable limit cycle). In robotics, we are really interested in stable limit cycles, because walking makes a kind of a limit cycle, and if it's stable, that means a little rock in the way wouldn't make the robot fall over. When we analyze the dynamics of robotics (the way they move when subjected to various forces and environments), we want to know what kind of obstacles and disturbances the robot can face and continue walking. We want to know, basically, what the robot's limit cycle's basin of attraction - how much can you bother it out of it's normal walk and it would still keep walking.
I'm learning Copyright Law. Feel free to learn from it down below: Most things involving creativity can receive copyright, assuming they're originally yours to a degree. These include RUclips videos, podcasts, books, computer programming, and even a Tweet or a birthday card. Copyright is a property right that incentivizes the creation of things that benefits society. The incentivization comes through exclusive right to that copyright. These rights last for 70 years after the death of the creator. The moment you create a work - it's yours. Copyright automatically attaches. The only reason you would need to register the copyright is to pursue money damages in court. Otherwise you can use the court for an injunction to stop someone else from using your work. Two things are required for someone's work to be copyrighted: a modicum of originality, and your creation must be in a "fixed medium." Originality is a very low standard... the Courts almost allow everything to be deemed "original", save for things that are clearly taken from other works. The creation being in a "fixed medium" requires it to be written down or recorded, broadcasted, played in a theater, etc., among other methods of fixation. It just requires the work to be manifested in some form. Derivative works are interesting also: let's say you provide live commentary over a movie while it's playing and post that video on RUclips - you've technically created a derivative work. This means you've taken an existing work and added your own spin on it. You do not own the copyright to that work in this instance, it belongs to the original copyright holder. Likewise, there's "works for hire." This means that you've been hired to create something, and therefore the copyright goes to your employer, and not you. Movies are works for hire, so are video games. Lastly, there's Fair Use, which allows people to use copyrighted material for educational purposes, or purposes of commentary or criticism without purchasing a license. This is a flexible standard and created because the main purpose of copyright is to enhance society through educational ventures. I notice that many RUclipsrs put "Fair Use" under their videos, but they also monetize those videos, so if ever taken to court, the judges would frown on monetizing something for "fair use."
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Did you just use the feynman technique to explain feynman technique? 🤔
Feymanception! =O
Inception
Joseph Jose just used feynma technique to explain hes comment? :O ohno
Joseph Jose lmao
Truu
As a Brazilian jiujitsu practitioner, I can tell you that this works very well as applied to that martial art. Anytime you have to teach techniques or concepts, you must be able to explain them in a simple and concise manner. Teaching is one of the best ways to make sure you really know the movement.
👏🏼 congrats! Do you speak English? You can talk to me in case you need to practice. I’m also Brazilian. English teacher.
The Feynman Student? 1) be curious about everything, 2) have a imagination like child, 3) never stop asking questions, 4) let your teacher be your entertainer
Growing up, if I did that, I'd get beaten by said teachers. They really did scar me for life. Now that I'm in my 30's I still get really scared to talk to teachers or even ask for clarification. I still think they will either make fun of me or beat the crap out of me. Going back to university, even at this age, is torture ATM.
What kind of teachers did you have?
Dear friend, I am SO sorry your teachers treated you that way. Please know if you are studying in the USA good teachers welcome questions. Good luck.
Sir Knight that’s how it was in some countries, my own mother got beaten by her teacher once.
you can only get so far with this mindset when your in the wrong environment
My freshman psychology professor summed teaching up very well: "if you can't explain it to a seven year old, you don't really don't understand it yourself". That was 50 years ago and I always remembered it when preparing to teach. Very good video. Good Luck, Rick
I am not a native English speaker and I was trying to learn what "Jargon" means and being able to explain it succintly. Here I go: Jargon is a term that refers to words that are used in specific professions, groups, or in any specific _context_ that if people don't know, then they wouldn't understand. For example, if a musician uses a term like "minor chord" to a non-musician, then this person wouldn't get what they are talking about, unless the musician explains it. That applies to any other terms in any other professions or specific contexts.
I hope that was simple enough! Thanks Socratica for the very informative video. It was helpful. I do wonder how we can use this method when studying or teaching mathematics. I think math is a very abstract subject, unlike history, english, etc. Any tips?
That was honestly a very good explanation! I'm also not a native English speaker, but I really understand the meaning of "jargon" by reading your explanation. Thanks!
In my experience as student, it helps when math problems are somehow connected to reality. By this I mean subjects like physics that you can think about, draw and sometimes see the application of the problem you are working in. But even if you can't, it always helped when the teacher explained the purpose of a problem, like how could it be used by someone to achieve something.
So basically jargon is just terminology?
Your English is excellent.
Manuel Migoya, I totally agree. I tutor math all the time and I use specific examples to make the student realize they can do the math. For instance, how many student tell you they can't do percentages? But when I ask them to envision themselves in a store about to buy a new "hot" item and it's 20% off, they always seem to know how to do that haha. From there I have their attention and they have a new found confidence in themselves. Nice to know I've been using the Feynman method for years and didn't realize it. Thanks Socratica.
btw, I just explained group isomophisms to my husband using two groups. One with cats and one with dogs :) Just so he'd have an idea of what I was studying.
I experienced such a technique while posting questions on forums. Actually the rule in different forums is that the user should explain his problem so that others can help. So while i was trying to explain my problems, i the field of informatics, i found that most of the time i canceled posting the question because i started to understand the problem in a better way and found a solution or something that helps to resolve the problem. I was amazed by this effect and now everytime i face a problem i try to explain it in a text editor before positing my quesitons.
I also find that it is helpful to try explaining what you learned to other persons who don't know you field, that way they can ask you questions that can help you find your weaknessed an push you to improve your understant until you can explain it in a perfect way to other and to yourself.
Thanks Socratia and i love science and the presenter (you make me think of Galactica the movie like a futuristic women who works in a space ship).
BK Ramzi yh i can really relate to that, as soon as i start to phrase and ask my prof. my question is almost solved 😂😂
haha yep, happens to me all the time on stackoverflow too, very few questions actually make it onto the site :P
This is what we programmers call "rubber ducking" or "rubber duck debugging", explain your problem to a rubber duck, and usually as you simplify, you narrow down the solution. :)
As an engineering student 35 years ago I decided to read books written in english . I was able then to speak and write some english sentences not enough to read a book, I am afraid. Then I found in a bookstore a bilingual edition of these famous Feynman Lectures. I bought them I read them in english and spanish at the same time. Step by step I read less and less in spanish until finally reading the english text was enough to get the ideas. Now I can say that english is my second language. I am in perpetual debt with this genious, this wonderful human being. He took my hand and guided me in this journey. Thank you Richard Feynman wherever you are. Thank you so much!
What an amazing way to learn English! Thank you for sharing your story. 💜🦉
I swear I've been using this my entire life without knowing. I always love to share what I learn, but I realize that is has to be understandable for the people I'm talking to, so I try so simplify as much as possible. I really do enjoy learning.
I'm a Patent Attorney and teach the subject both to engineering and law students. Let me try to explain you about novelty.
There are three characteristics your invention must have to be patentable: (1) It has to be new, (2) you must have taken an inventive step, and (3) it must have an industrial application. Let's review novelty, how we define the invention to be new.
Different people have different standards to define "new". If I bought a car a month ago my friend may say I have a new car, while a potential buyer may say it's not. Inventions are new until you tell someone about it. In Europe the rule is that once people know about your invention is not new and you can't patent it. You have to file your patent application and then tell people about it. In the United States an invention is new for up to one year after you tell people about it. Once you reveal the invention you have twelve months to file the application. However, you must be swift, because if someone beats you to file it first, they will get the patent and you won't. So always remember to patent first and tell later.
Miguel -> You forgot one important detail. Keep a lab notebook with bound and pre-printed page numbers. Date and sign every page after it is filled. Have the pages witnessed periodically by someone with sufficient knowledge to understand them. Even document failures. The inventors case is much better if he/she can demonstrate diligence. The importance of this is illustrated in the Marconi-Tesla litigation where Tesla was awarded all the patents for radio. Tesla's notes showed that he not only had the original ideas, but he had first reduced them to practice. Even though Marconi applied first, it was clear that Tesla first had the ideas and showed reduction to practice.
Bob Crunch I didn't forget. ;-) The US switched from a "first-to-invent" system to a "first-to-file" system on March 16, 2013. With this new system the person who gets the patent is the first one to file the application before the Patent Office, not the first one to invent.
Now, don't get me wrong: It is good practice to keep all your logs. In case someone steals your information and files first a patent application we could fight it with trade secret provisions, but if they didn't steal it, then you lost your patent for talking too much.
Check out these resources: www.uspto.gov/patent/first-inventor-file-fitf-resources
I agree that this changes the burden of proof, but never underestimate the skill of a good lawyer to get around this.
Right now Apple is laughing at these three characteristics.
That was well explained!
Came to learn about the Feynman Technique.
Stayed to learn about a host of other subjects in the comments!
I am learning about First law of Thermodynamics. The way to understand is using an analogy between the system and a bank.
System = Bank
Internal Energy = money (bank balance)
Heat = cash
Work = Check (Cheque)
So if there is Heat (Cash) given to the system (bank) then the Energy(money) of the system increases i.e,. its Positive
if there is Work (Check) given to the system (bank) then the Energy (money) of the system increases i.e,. its Positive
All the cash coming in + All the check coming in = change in bank balance.
q + w = Change in internal energy.
Good explanation
I'll try.
I'm studying applicatives in languages. An applicative is a particular kind of sentence; not all languages have it, but English does, as in "John gave Mary the book". You can compare it to the non applicative version: "John gave the book to Mary". In an applicative, a person or thing (in this case, "Mary") can be introduced without the particle "to". In general, an applicative sentence is one in which particles such as "to", "for", "with", and so on, can be omitted. English can't omit the particle "with" (it's not possible to say "John cut the knife the cake"), but other languages can!
Now that I think about it, it's more difficult to explain it in my native language, Spanish, since Spanish doesn't have applicative sentences at all!
lllCockroachlll Simple explanation. Good job to you ;)
Are all sentences either applicative or non-applicative (or are these two terms only used to describe some types of sentences)?
It's more useful to make the distinction just between sentences of the type "X verb Y to Z" (or another particle, not just "to"), which is not an applicative sentence, and sentences of the type "X verb Z Y", which is an applicative sentence. (For reasons not relevant now, both are called ditransitive sentences). Thus you can say, for instance, that English has both kinds of sentences, while Spanish doesn't have applicative sentences (they only have sentences of the first kind), and a language like Asháninka (in Peru) doesn't have non-applicative sentences -they have sentences of the applicative kind, but not the other.
@Light Thank you!
Feynman and Sagan are the two of my favorite teachers... When they speak even without any techniques, you'll just be automatically be inclined to pay attention to them because they are such a sincere and inspiring communicators.
This is absolutely true. I have used this technique for years (Math and Data), and I thought I was crazy when I listening to my self teaching myself in a one student classroom. I still remember stuff 20 years old, even I i have not used the topic.
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I love that
You are awesome!!1!
Partial Differential Equations covers the way functions change with respect to different variables. Think of walking up and down a random hill. If you walk straight to the summit you will get tired much more quickly than if you walk along its side. The way you experience the change in height depends on the direction you walk.
Excellent description of the definition of partial diff equations.
I'm studying about protein secondary structure prediction using the Chou Fasman algorithm. When amino acids are combined, and here you can imagine them as Lego blocks, they form other even bigger structures. Each amino acid has a part where another amino can can dock onto for this at a specific angle called the torsion angle. Now in order to predict the bigger structures we can look at the types of amino acids we are using. Because it has been found that certain amino acids appear more often with others in certain structures. For Chou Fasman III we want to predict whether the structure is a alpha helix or beta folding sheet. So we would count how often each of he certain amino acids appear. AND HERE I NEED TO GET BACK TO THE REVIEW STEP :p
I'm learning to love again... I mean loving to learn again. I'm loving the eloquence, brevity, levity, meaningfulness and mindfulness. Thank you for these superb videos!
I will try to explain one of the most complicated subjects in Computer science-
Machine Learning (Also called artificial intelligence (AI) by layman, although it is different)-
A programming language is a language used to give instructions to a computer. These set of instructions is called code.
A code takes some input, performs the set of instructions defined in the code to get an output. However in real world processes, the input is given, the output obtained is observed, but the code/logic is unknown. Machine Learning is the science of deriving the logic from the data of input and output observations. To derive the logic, certain mechanisms are used which are called machine learning algorithms.
Each machine learning algorithm has 3 components- a set of unknown parameters, a loss and an optimizer. Let's pick
them up one by one. The machine learning algorithm specifies a well defined set of operations on the input variables and the unknown parameters to get an output prediction. This output prediction is different from the actual output. This difference is called loss. Our aim is to decrease the loss by changing the parameters. The optimizer calculates the impact of changing the parameters on
decreasing the loss. Accordingly each parameter is tweaked by optimizer to decrease the loss. This process is repeated with more data until the loss
is sufficiently decreased. This means that the output prediction and actual output are very close now (as the loss is decreased). This means that the machine learning algorithm can now generate accurate output predictions from input data and hence the code/logic has been derived.
I hope that I was able to teach something today. :)
Wow nice that's very helpful.
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Why Feynman is such a joy to watch? Because he smiles a lot.
He really did seem to love life. :)
While recently immersing myself in the study of typewriter operation in order to repair them as a hobby I became subtly aware of their reasonable design features. Specifically in the older mechanical, or manual typewriters I began to realize how the mechanisms relate in a sort of concert, or spatial orchestration. Simple put the parts appear to act in a smooth harmony when properly adjusted much the same as a professional orchestra. The more 'fluid' the parts interrelationships the more user-friendly the end result for the typer. By fragmenting the various components duties into bite-size blocks of understanding the whole soon materializes and the more nuanced interactions tend to blend in a manner identical to musical interpretation. Feynman's approach is applicable to almost anything with a structure and even the humble typewriter is no exception. Have been using this self-teaching technique to help me assimilate a variety of disciplines for many years and this man had it down to a T. Like Hoccam's Razor it is quite an elegant approach to learning.
Mike Kirwan - Kenmore, WA
You got my heart when you said “ first principles “ ❤️
This year, I've started studying web application programming. I find myself astonished when trying to understand computers, they are really complex and marvelous to me. You can always go deeper, deeper, deeper... I think the bottom is physics. Physics (behaviour of electricity, what electricity is, electronics...) -> Chemistry (the materials of the computer itself and how they manage electricity) -> Maths and logic (how to harness that electricity to represent information) -> *magic* -> Computers. Damn! Hahaha.
Thank you, Socratica.
okay, let's give basic music theory a bash:
C is the 'home' key.
C D E F G A B C
each note has a roman numeral connected to it, I II III IV V VI VII and back to I - one, two, three (do, re, mi etc).
C is called the root, or the tonic (from 'tone').
C and G sound well together, so we call the 1st and the 5th (I and V [the one and the five]), a 'perfect' fifth (they are five notes apart, count them on your fingers).
the next key up is always taken from the fifth (V), of the previous key, so the key up from C is G.
the next important rule is that from G on up, the 7th note (VII), is sharpened (raised one semi-tone):
G A B C D E F# G - the F is sharpened (raised one tone).
the next key up is... D. carry the F# along with you and start again,
D E F# G A# B C D - the F and the A are sharpened. see the pattern forming? (this formula applies to all keys)
this is known as the Circle of Fifths.
good luck. you're now well on your way to allowing music to frustrate and enlighten you for the rest of your life.
(side effects may include improved memory, reduced stress and unprovoked bouts of joy.)
The real Feynman technique for problem solving:
- write down the problem
- think really hard
- write down the answer
This is the first Socratica video I've seen. Very well delivered and interesting. I have done Feynman technique before and still do. However, for more complicated subjects I usually draw out a flow chart for the topic while reading and make simple descriptions from there. Just an additional step to learn more, faster.
P.S. I'd like you to know you have a beautiful way of speaking. If I was in person I'd ask to buy you a drink and chat for a while.
As the French Nicolas Boileau-Despréaux said in the early 17th century : "Ce qui se conçoit bien s'énonce clairement et les mots pour le dire arrivent aisément."
"What is well conceived is clearly stated and the words to say it arrive easily"
It is probably a proto version of the this technic.
Caramba, Liliana, você é tão inteligente! O canal é muito bem produzido, coisa de dar orgulho. Quero ajudar o trabalho de vocês a crescer de todas as formas possíveis. ❤️
cbs Desconfiei q era ela kk vc acha q a pessoa tá esquecida e aí se depara com isso
Quem é Liliana??
@@DaniloMisuradeOliveira Deve ser a moça do Socratica que explicou este vídeo '-'
Great video, Socratica. Feynman was an excellent teacher, for sure. I hope to use his methods to explain complex science to early elementary children in some of my upcoming videos. I hope I can break things down as simply and concisely as Feynman could. Cheers, Michael from Brain Candy TV
Brain Candy TV
*The* vsauce Michael? :-)
Hello Michael!!!
Big fan of your explanation!!
Brain Candy TV i
I've used the Feynman Technique and Reverse Engineering to accelerate into my career as a Systems Engineer with one of the top tech companies in the world. And no degree.
@Jack Adams Right? Me too. I'm left imagining that he just looked at the machines he wanted to work on, figured out how they worked, made sure he could tell a child how they worked and then told his boss how they worked. Then he got a promotion. But I don't actually know if that's what happened, it just seems like the most likely explanation. :/
The voice recording is just perfect which makes the video pleasing to watch . And you explained the topic very well too. :)
Ok, I’ll try E1 reactions in organic chemistry
The E in E1 stands for elimination. It has to do with molecules breaking apart. Specifically, it has to do with a part of a molecule called a leaving group being displaced. In an E1 reaction, when the leaving group is displaced another molecule, one that is hungry for a hydrogen atom known as a base, plucks one from a neighbor atom which was attached to the site where the leaving group left. The hydrogen atom leaves behind its electrons and these electrons are used to form a new connection, a new bond within the molecule, such that the molecule is stable and no other parts of the molecule will be displaced. In general, molecule only fall apart in environments where falling apart results in stronger relationships.
The 1 in the term E1 tells us that this reaction depends on 1 molecule to occur. Even though there is the initial molecule and a base, the reaction will only occur when the initial molecule is ready. We call this readiness, the formation of a carbocation intermediate. This occurs When the leaving group leaves. The base can’t pluck a proton until the leaving group leaves/the carbocation forms
I always try to explain what I learned in class to my mom and. check if she really understood it because only then I be sure that I understand the topic pretty well.
tanzeela mariam .
hi, where are you from?
Bangladesh.😊
tanzeela mariam lol me too. hi tanzeela!
Bangladesh 👍
tanzeela mariam .
How do I add you as friend?
Interesting - you may have seen that wonderful interview with RF when asked why do magnets attract and Feynman beautifully explains to him that he cannot explain it as the concepts are too difficult and rely on too much prior knowledge!
I'm also really good at explaining things to people. And I've found that figuring out how to explain something to someone who isn't conversant in the topic is a fantastic way of deepening my understanding.
U r great explainer..... 1Million likes for u.
Hello sir how are you
The difference between a 'while' loop and a 'for' loop in python programming is very simple and often times both types can work. The 'for' loop in python does its task on all the elements of a list. Take for example, you have a long list of student's names and you want to find which students have a name certain name. With this search, you have the list and you're iterating all the way through it, testing each element, a 'for' loop is effective here. The 'while' loop in python will keep doing the same task until some condition is made. For example, a while loop is used if you want to add up all the numbers up to 100. While your number is less than 100, you keep adding the next number to a total.
ugh man I'm also studying loops, bur for C++
Unless, of course, you use the "break" keyword to kick you out of that for-loop! haha ;) That kind of breaks your explanation (no pun intended). Put simply, a for-loop should be used when you know the iteration count beforehand, a while-loop is used when you don't. Although, either will get the job done. The rest of your explanation is very well done.
Charlie McGuire same. 1 semester of c++.
for(declare variable; condition ; incre/decrement);
do(function)
while(condition)
>which students have a name certain name
This is an example of a while loop. While he was writing the sentence he was drunk.
socratica=some thing new for me in my life
i am here from a day when I come here to studdy abstract algebra .. and now i stud a lot of things
finding trouble in english coz I speaks HINDI but still understands everything. ...
so thanx to SOCRTICA TEAM
We're so happy you've found us! Thank you for watching!! :D
Feynman was a fine man!
Thank you Socratica, now I learned that yesterday I used the Feynman Technique. I talked with my son studying history and politics at university about the essence of my IT project. That is a both practical and philosophical approach to artificial intelligence. Challenge accepted, here is a question and the explanation... :-)
My project is MiND, a constructive model of intelligence, like the Neumann architecture (MEM, ALU, CPU, I/O). The modules are: Model, Idea, Narrative, Dialog (MiND acronym comes from there), together they form a self containing interactive intelligent system. The architecture and technical details contain too much "jargon" and therefore out of scope. Yet, there is a fundamental question: _Why should we build an intelligent machine?_
Think about mathematics: an abstract, self containing notation system. It helps us calculating solutions without trial and error iterations in any environment where we can make measurements, know calculation rules, create and solve equations.
Mathematics worked before having the form that we know today. Addition is like collecting apples from baskets. Subtraction: putting them on plates one by one and see the remainder. Division: distributing all apples on the selected plates. And so on.
Yet, with abstract mathematics you can translate a task to numbers and conditions and handle more complex problems by solving equations. For example, you want to distribute your stock of fruits among your friends according to their individual preferences. You can plan how many apples, oranges etc. to put on the plates assigned to each friend. You will even know all the remainders before starting.
You may cheat. Instead of using mathematics, pay some people who work very fast. They can try lots of possible combinations of the fruits and plates, sooner or later present an acceptable result. For a while, it looks like you used math and had a plan. But, if the problem is too complicated, they start distracting each other, the process slows down or fails completely.
Now look at information technology. Its original aim was to efficiently manage our cumulative knowledge to improve our problem solving power. Formalize the process of learning and understanding. Find the abstract rules of reasoning and build machines that behave according to them.
ruclips.net/video/PjWhQiwJzKg/видео.html
That was really hard to understand, "like" or sell. Thus, instead of that we turned to _imitating_ intelligence (by cherry-picking and misinterpreting a few paragraphs from Alan Turing) and our "hardware", the neural network. We also utilized the exponential growth of computation and storage capacity. We try to convince ourselves that if can overcomplicate a system enough that we don't understand it, it is a form of "solution" or "intelligence".
ruclips.net/video/NdSD07U5uBs/видео.html
The cheat did not work. We have created extremely complex problems instead of solving the existing ones. Our brains can't handle the huge amount of events, messages, videos - while the aim was to simplify and understand. The infrastructure is "almost OK", but our normal habits prohibit us using it properly. Just like Apollo 1 which was good only to burn three men alive but also led to Gene Kranz's speech and that to landing on the Moon.
ruclips.net/video/9zjAteaK9lM/видео.html
So why should we build intelligent machines? 1: Because we started it and reached the point of no return: created problems that we can't solve without them. 2: scientists and engineers who founded our current environment had predicted our current state. _A successful prediction indicates that there are rules._ Understanding and using them gives a chance to a solution even though current trial and error attempts fail.
More details about the mentioned founders are available in this article (part of my PhD research, 2018, rejected) bit.ly/medium_ScienceOfBeingWrong ; about the consequences in this lecture (was applauded and forgotten, 2014) bit.ly/lkedves_TasteOfLuck .
This is the explanation. Please give a 0-10 Feynman score and ideas for improvement because I have been unsuccessful in raising attention for two decades... Thank you.
I'm learning about virtual memory,
it creates an illusion of availability of enough memory space for programs to run even if the actual main memory in a computer is comparatively small. Virtual memory uses a mapping technique to create that kind of illusion.
Ratan Gupta It saves data to the hard drive to compensate for insufficient “fluid” memory (RAM). Your explanation makes it sound as though virtual memory is a scam.
Stumbled across this Gem of a channel just recently.. Instantly hooked.
We all have good, meh, and bad thoughts. Understanding where they come from and how much they mean to us, shows us how we see the world and everyone in it. It’s not about choosing one over the other. It’s about understanding what part of our every day lives is helping us form these thoughts. The choice is our actions that we take which are reasoned by our thoughts.
Thanks for the video. I have deep respect for Richard Feynman.
Basically, I'm studying ways of finding areas. If you got a shape, you could approximate it's area by little rectangles, and the way you choose this rectangles changes the approximated area. If you are interested, this field of mathematics is call numerical analysis, in particular numerical integration.
Escoba Sin Gracia can't you just say that you're learning calculus?
Numerical analysis it's different from calculus. It's the study of algorithms that makes approximations, for example, finding roots to functions. I'm interested in finding approximations to integrals and differential equations.
Escoba Sin Gracia can you tell me more about it? sounds interesting
It's a branch of mathematics pretty different from one is used to. It uses a lot of assumptions in order to get an approximated answer of some sort. For instance, if you wanna solve this "simple" equation: xe^x=1, you can't find an "analytic" form of the answer, that is, you can't solved using algebra. Then, you use numerical analysis to approximate the answer, for example, Newton method of finding roots, in this case x≈0.567
Escoba Sin Gracia sounds interesting but rather complicated
Hi there! Ok I would like to try the Explaining challenge. I Study Biology and I initially had a hard time understanding the "syrinx", its function and why it was so important in Birds. So here I go:
The Syrinx is an organ that is responsible of producing the sound in most living birds. It is placed in the respiratory system right before the tubes that divide the air into the Lungs.
When air is breathed by a bird, it gets in by the nostrils that usually are in the base of the bill, from there it travels through a pair of small tubes (called Nasal Cavities) until it gets to a big space that we could call "mouth" (or Oral Cavity) so far quite similar as we Humans. From there it goes down another tube that is at the back of the tongue that has specifically evolved for air flow (Pharynx), careful not be confused with the other tube that is meant for food (Esophagus) because both of them can cross at this stage. The air continues to flow down until gets to a thickened part of this tube called the Larynx. Here in Humans and in most mammals is where we have our vocal cords! These are our muscles that allow us to speech, but for birds there is no Vocal Cords at all, so let’s continue! The tube starts to thicken even more and starts to have some sort of even spaced lighter coloured rings around it, in here we are in the Windpipe (or Trachea). A little further down this path we see the tube splits in two, each of these tubes (called bronchi) will lead to the lungs respectively. It's here where we found some sort of special rings in the exterior of the tube and a lot of muscles at the both entrances that can open and close each tube thus controlling the air flow. Here we are! This is where the Syrinx is!
This is structure has so much importance in the study of Birds because between all the bird species in the world, a huge chuck of them doesn’t have it. The birds that have this "Syrinx" are a group of Birds typically called "Songbirds" (Passeriformes), while all the other birds don’t have this structure and thus classified differently (No Passeriformes). It's a natural way to dive the species and in fact, this reflects part of their distinct evolutionary history.
PS: [Sorry didn't meant to extend this much. I Love your Videos Socratica, Thank you!!]
Thank you for sharing - we learned a lot today!! 💜🦉
@@Socratica You're more than Welcome!! I'm so glad you learned! 😁 Definetly this technique helps a lot to improve your understanding. 🐦
I’m studying stability in dynamical systems: A dynamical system can be seen like the system of the body. If the body is push softly forward, the body will try to return to the original position for avoid to fall. The point where the body has his feet is call stable equilibrium. If the body is from a person that work in the circus in the tight rope, the body is not in a equilibrium point but he is repeating slow movings constantly with the aim of no fall. In this case if the body do not fall and stay over the tight rope, the body will stay over a stable orbit and is call in this way by the repeatedly movements done by the body.
Stable equilibriums and stable orbits are an essential part in the study of stability in dynamical systems
gonna explain the string theory to my 5 years old nephew, wish me luck
we are listening. I.e., reading.…
@swetab singh ok... I 'll try. Physists think their models for the subatomic world as if the smallest particles in the world behave like very very tiny spherical objects. Like dots. String theory says what if those dots aren't dots and are rings or hoops. But made from string. So very very tiny ring strings. That thing changes a lot for the methods and the actions such an object can take. You can think a ball and a rope hoola hoop in the Newtonian physics we are living in. Does that make any sense?
@swetab singh great question!! String model fits in the energy equations better than dots. And explains some things in order too better understand our world. Keep in mind that this is a theory yet. And not proven that works. At least I think... I am a couple of years away from my bachelor.
you can probably do it (if you understand it), but you'll be there a while :p
I used this technique with paralegal students many years ago to explain Civil Procedure (a semester-long course in law school). I did it in 90 minutes using a timeline. I used simple language to describe the litigation process. Students asked, "Is that all?" My answer was "yes." One woman actually cried, saying she took the civil procedure class and was completely lost all semester, but now she finally understood how it works and why it is set up the way it is. There is a Buddhist idea that says you don't understand something until you can explain it fully to a child. I try to keep that in mind as a university professor.
It's really something when you get to see the impact as a teacher, helping someone see an idea clearly. Thank you for doing this important work! 💜🦉
That's so well said elegant woman.
I praise your flair in fluent spoken English.
Figuring out programme on self solving Rubik's cube.
Iam a teacher at ps and ss and i like to try to explain difficult things to people who i think they can understand, because i can and i am not so different. The art of explaini g is partly remembering the mental way you fly to get to the right planet.. Children like to learn about black holes, chaos theory or the reason for pain.
Did you know about regular expressions?
It's so helpful,
It can save a loads of time for you,
Because what takes a thousands of lines of code to do, with regular expressions you can do them in few lines of code...
Let's say for example you wanted to get phone numbers of certain area code from the millions of other area code,
Well with regular expressions you can make a pattern and do it for your in no time...
Covalent bonds are the bonds that atoms have by sharing electrons to stabilise each other
Sounds like textbook definition of proper marriage, the way it should be.
I'm learning about Recurrent Neural Networks. Sentences are a sequence of words, you sequentially read all the words in the sentence to generate the next word. Similarly, a "recurrent" neural network takes the words sequentially, recurrently and tries to predict the next possible word.
Poifect. My mom was from Queens. Grand pa said "woims and boids. I liked him right away when I stumbled across him on RUclips. I was blown away when I found out who he was and what he'd accomplished.
I'm learning about two's complement. Two's complement is a number system, like the decimal system or like binary. Two's complement was developed because it's a way for a computer to represent negativity numbers using 1's and 0's. Two's complement looks similar to binary, but is not the same thing at all.
Let's use a 4-bit system to find two's complement of the decimal 10.
10 in binary is: 1010
To get the two's complement the formula we use is ~|x| + 1 where ~ stands for NOT; ~ means you flip the bits in your number. So ~|1010| would be 0101. Then you do 0101 + 1 which becomes 0110 (look up a video on adding binary numbers). Here is where it gets a bit confusing. In the binary number system, 0110 is the decimal 6. However, in the two's complement number system, you have to tack on a "-" sign so really the two's complement is -6.
For numbers in binary that don't have a far left 1, such as 0101, then the two's complement is just the number itself, so 0101 in this case.
Variables are the building blocks of code, they are how we store data for later use in our programs. The beauty of variables in Python is that, unlike most other coding languages, the code will know what the variable is based on its contents. Python knows that x="MyLove" is a string variable, and that y = 10 is an int variable.
Wonderful video! Well explained and a good 5 minutes!
Love it. Its a shame that our university expects us not to understand the topic but to repead the exact words they used. The kinda stuff you can google later after you understand it...
One thing to consider when trying this approach is: What does it mean to have *understanding*?
For example, I get excited about certain intellectual subjects and love to have an audience to lay out my thoughts. The people I speak with usually appreciate what I have to say--I am considered a "good speaker". But I often struggle with the idea that I'm a better salesman than expositor or teacher. I wonder if something is really getting across to my listeners or whether they are just impressed with my speech. When I think of the people in my life who have been great teachers, there is something about their way which allows me to enter into the ideas they talk about for myself and play with them. To me that is the "taste" of understanding--the quality of play. To impart that as a communicator is not as easy as it sounds.
Thanks! Socratica, I am now working on a project that tries to enhance the predicting skill of weather forecasting models by using a state-of-the-art mathematics and computer science technologies. The project should in the end make the models reliable and robust so that anyone who relies on weather forecast can make use of the relatively accurate information provided by the models. I hope it made sense :)
I have just started the basics of Spanish and one of the simplest thing is we use the word 'the'(article) in two forms --->'el' for masculine words like boy.. Man.. Heart and 'la' for feminine words like woman.. Egg.. 😅😅
.
El hombré = the man
La huevo = the egg
El huevo*
We all have good, meh, and bad thoughts. Understanding where they come from and how much they mean to us, shows us how we see the world and everyone in it. It’s not about using one over the other.
This happened with me today even before watching this
I was having my online lec of compiler design, the teacher couldnt clarify my doubt and i asked a lot of ques about it my frnds were like making fun in chats just as u would expect
Then i googled a bit and read the basic def of semantic error(topic i had doubt ) and tht cleared my doubt!
After tht i wanted to feel good about it so explained it to my younger brother in simple words and understood it!
I find it absolutely relevant for me👍
That's amazing! We love hearing about how these study tips succeed out in the wild. 💜🦉
I am learning about stresses and moments(a twisting force) that materials such as steel, aluminum, brass, and wood can handle. We can find the maximum stress (this is a pressure) that a material can handle before it deforms permanently just like when you apply pressure and bend a plastic slinky too far and it won't bend back to normal. From the center of mass of an object (the average point of matter of the system), the maximum moment force applied to the object (twisting force), and distance to the centroid from the desired point that we want to know the stress about, we can find the maximum stress that the object can at that point. This is useful when making trusses, beams, and supports for different type of structures. Engineers pick the most cost efficient materials that will still be able to handle the stress of holding things up.
I am learning about the feynman diagramms of the non linear optics.
In optics light acts like a wave passing through space are interracting with some material medium activating small resonators inducing them into vibration, rotating all the small dipoles and emitting a new signal. This phanomenon is called polarisation or "reply of the system"
In linear optics is the output signal of this interraction mathematically only the convolution of the input signal and a system dependent function.
In nonlinear optics we peturbate this 1st order (linear) signal with some higher orders. The 2nd order has a double convolution, meaning that the output of the linear order convolutes again with system function mathematically described with a double convolution integral, the 3rd order with the triple and so on.
That means that we excite the atoms in the same time they were excited before.
In he 1st order we only have an excitement. In the 2nd order the light interracts again when the system is excited and will either reexcite it further to a higher energy or induce emission return the system to the ground state.
3rd order and there is one moe interraction and we have even more possibilites(paths).
Thats why we paint the Feynman diagramms to illustrate all those paths and moe easily write down the equations of motion for the non linear orders.
To illustrate this the Feynman diagramms show us all the paths
Socratia thanks for explaining this techniques🙌🙌
not so subtle reference to one of Feynmans books at the end. nice.
Woow again. It is difficult to not be amazed at how much you have to share and teach me. Muchas Gracias!!!
Great Socratica. Thanx for explaining to us this amazingly simple technique.
Thanks a lot, Socratica!!! This video is really helpful.
This channel is "The Great Explainer". I love this channel. Thank you for all your great videos.
This is the first video of yours that I watched, and I greatly enjoyed it. I liked and subscribed!
But if I could make one small suggestion: please get rid of the very distracting and somewhat annoying sound effect whenever a caption comes on screen. At first I thought it was an audio defect. Then I wondered whether it was coming from an external source. Finally it started absorbing too much of my attention bandwidth. That's ADHD for you!
yup,lol...once I pinpointed the sound effect to the captions, I was busy anticipating another until I realized the video was ending. :( Now I'm debating about replaying it, but....this time since I've watched the majority of it my brain will insist on tuning it out. ugh...adhd!
I just love Socratica! You do a great job!
Thanks Socratica, my subject of study is Bayes Rule, thats is basic draw a probability tree and multiplying fractions following the branches. Até mais pessoal!
Socratica The best video channel for students
Tuvan throat singing aka overtone singing is a form of self-harmonization is very beautiful and apparently brought me here.
The rest of this is stuff I already knew
as well.
Sooo happy I found this wonderful channel!
We're so happy you've found us!! Thank you so much for letting us know, you really put a smile on our faces. :D
Your videos are some of the finest educational content on the internet, Bravo!
Really beautiful introduction to the Feynman method! Thank you.
I overthink a lot ,and ye that's a great ability of mine to think of class in my mind and explaining them everything i learned about the particular topic, best usage of overthinking
Way to make it work for you!! 💜🦉
Jargon and euphemisms make communication difficult. In IT, I always break down the explanation of how a system works so that almost anyone can understand. No jargon or buzzwords- Keep it simple. I think it was Feynman that said if you can explain a complex concept to a complete beginner, you don't thoroughly understand the concept yourself.
you do an excellent job of explaining richard feynman.
I'll try and explain a subject of math i'm studying right now:
Complex numbers:
There are different types of numbers, natural numbers such as 1, 2, 3, irrational numbers such as pi (3.1415...) or e (2.7182...) , and complex numbers, this ones i'll explain.
Complex numbers are the sum of two numbers, one multiplied by 1, and the other by the number i, which is the square root of minus one (this is an irrational number), it would look something like this: z = a + i*b (where z is the complex number). This numbers can be defined in multiple ways (this is the basic one) and help a lot in solving problems related to, for example, electrical frequencies, sounds, understanding signals and so on.
*Whituout complex numbers we wouldn't be able to have internet as we know it. *
From complex numbers there are another several functions useful for the day-to-day life of an engineer, for example, an electrical one. Some of them are: Fourier Series (for signal understanding) and Laplace Transforms (for analysing the stability of a system).
Hope i've explained it well.
The partial derivative of a function in R^n vector spaces are a mathematical tool to understand its rate of change of one of its variables.
It is basically the method of the one-room school, where the teacher teaches the older or most advanced students and then they teach the younger and slower students. If they can explain it successfully then that is proof that they know it. It is also the basis of the classical trivium: grammar, dialectic and rhetoric (get the basic terminology and its usage down, iron out any confusion and misunderstanding, explain your understanding to someone else.
Another exceptionally Feyn presentation!
this is my video i saw in your(our) channel...very super,very clear your voice..keep doing ...tank u
Currently writing a short paper on brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs. Although it's a major oversimplification, I think a good summarizing sentence would be: you can control a device just by thinking about it. Thinking about something changes your brain's electrical activity, and placing some sort of monitoring device either on or inside your head lets you record that activity and translate it to actions you want the computer to perform, such as picking a certain letter or moving a character in a video game. While anyone can use it, the main group that benefits from BCIs are people that have lost the ability to speak or move their body. BCIs rebuild the bridge of communication with the world that their diseases or disorders have destroyed.
Go to 4. 30..
Youre really good..
Well said and explained.
Youre a great xplainr
Argumentation Ethics, developed by Dr Hans Hermann Hoppe. To argue is to recognise private property rights because the purpose of argumentation is to solve a dispute without physical aggression and, to reach a truthful outcome, everyone's autonomy must be respected. So to argue against private property rights is to contradict oneself since in engaging in argumentation one has already demonstrated private property rights recognition.
WONDERFUL PRESENTATION AND ALL THE BEST WISHES AND BLESSINGS
I learned network forensics, it is a branch of computer networks where we analyze the data coming/going from one person to another by using different methods to read and analyze the data.
Ordinals are a mathematical construction that extends and follows properties that collections of natural numbers have, like being able to fina minimal between any of them or basically saying which one is smaller than the others, surprisingly, this have very special properties, you can always find a bigger ordinal, all elemnts of an ordinal, in a matrix like fashion end up being also ordinals, (and this is because natural numbers and they extension ordinals, are in a way boxes inside of boxes) and given two of them you can always find a mask or a lens to see how they are virtually the same object, or at the very least, that one ordinal contains inside it a copy of the other.
I'm studying the stability of limit cycles in walking robots. To explain it I need to explain those terms first, one by one.
First off we need to talk about what stability means in this area. Imagine a bowl, like one for cereals. In it you place a small ball. If you place the ball at the lowest point in the bowl carefully, it will not move, just stay there. If you placed the ball initially high on the wall of the bowl, the ball likely goes straight to the lowest point and stay there. A point in which objects stay when you leave them there, we call equilibrium points. That lowest point we mentioned, it is more special than that. If you place the bowl a little to the side of that point, the ball will roll back to that point. The same would happen if the ball was in the eq. point and you gave it a small push. That trait, going back when pushed a little, or placed to the side of the eq. point, we call stability. So our point is a stable equilibrium point. That stability could also be considered a kind of attraction, the point pulls the ball to it (in fact we sometimes call such points attractors). Would that point attract the bowl from everywhere? No, only when you place the ball in the bowl. This area, in which the point attracts the ball, we call the "Basin of Attraction".
So we know what stability means, now let's talk about limit cycles. Limit cycles are special ways in which systems can behave. If a system can behave in a way that is periodical, that repeats itself every time perfectly (that time we call its period), that behaviour might be a limit cycle. In order to qualify though, it has to be special. Some systems behave such that if they start at any point, any configuration, they will behave in a periodical way. If you imagine the suspected limit cycle as a circle (compared to the single point of an equilibrium point), the system must behave in such a way that only if you start on that circle, the system will immediately behave in a perfect periodical way. If you start near, but not on, a limit cycle, the system will not immediately behave preiodically, rather it will either move so that is on the circle (which would make it a stable limit cycle), or move away from it (an unstable limit cycle).
In robotics, we are really interested in stable limit cycles, because walking makes a kind of a limit cycle, and if it's stable, that means a little rock in the way wouldn't make the robot fall over.
When we analyze the dynamics of robotics (the way they move when subjected to various forces and environments), we want to know what kind of obstacles and disturbances the robot can face and continue walking. We want to know, basically, what the robot's limit cycle's basin of attraction - how much can you bother it out of it's normal walk and it would still keep walking.
You're an excellent teacher! Thanks for the videos.
I'm learning Copyright Law. Feel free to learn from it down below:
Most things involving creativity can receive copyright, assuming they're originally yours to a degree. These include RUclips videos, podcasts, books, computer programming, and even a Tweet or a birthday card.
Copyright is a property right that incentivizes the creation of things that benefits society. The incentivization comes through exclusive right to that copyright. These rights last for 70 years after the death of the creator.
The moment you create a work - it's yours. Copyright automatically attaches. The only reason you would need to register the copyright is to pursue money damages in court. Otherwise you can use the court for an injunction to stop someone else from using your work.
Two things are required for someone's work to be copyrighted: a modicum of originality, and your creation must be in a "fixed medium."
Originality is a very low standard... the Courts almost allow everything to be deemed "original", save for things that are clearly taken from other works.
The creation being in a "fixed medium" requires it to be written down or recorded, broadcasted, played in a theater, etc., among other methods of fixation. It just requires the work to be manifested in some form.
Derivative works are interesting also: let's say you provide live commentary over a movie while it's playing and post that video on RUclips - you've technically created a derivative work. This means you've taken an existing work and added your own spin on it. You do not own the copyright to that work in this instance, it belongs to the original copyright holder.
Likewise, there's "works for hire." This means that you've been hired to create something, and therefore the copyright goes to your employer, and not you. Movies are works for hire, so are video games.
Lastly, there's Fair Use, which allows people to use copyrighted material for educational purposes, or purposes of commentary or criticism without purchasing a license. This is a flexible standard and created because the main purpose of copyright is to enhance society through educational ventures. I notice that many RUclipsrs put "Fair Use" under their videos, but they also monetize those videos, so if ever taken to court, the judges would frown on monetizing something for "fair use."
Best video about the subject, thank you!